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    Perforated plates

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    3 views13 pages

    5090659

    Uploaded by

    william321321
    Perforated plates

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    FirstSearch: Marked Categories Page 19 of 28 PENDING - Lender Generat Recono In Request Identifier: 5090659 Request Date: 20050504 Source: FSILLSTF OCLC Number: 2247112 Borrower: FLE Need Before: 20050525 Receive Date: Renewal Request: Due Date: Lenders: “MWF, MWF, FTD, FTD BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION Call Number: “Lender's OCLC LDR: v.12.30 1974-1992 Title: Power engineering. ISSN: 0160-5216 Imprint: (New York] Allerton Press. 19uu 1992 ‘Article: Subbotin, VI et al. Theory of heat transfer in compact heat exchangers... Volume: 27 - Numt Date: 1989 Pages: 99-109 Verified: WorldCat CODEN: POENDL Desc: Patron: Hayes/MLQD _ ILL-BORROWINGIUSAF Research Lab-TIC/139 Bames Dr, Suite 2/Tyndall AFB, FL 32403- Ship To: 5393 Bill To: same Ship Via: Library Rate Maximum Cost: -0- Copyright compliance: °° Fax: 850-283-6500/VOICE 850-283-6138 (Janet) Email: janet.davis@tyndall.af.mil Affiliation: PLAN-LVIS-FEDLINK-IFM. All help appreciated! Borrowing Notes: Lenpinc INFORMATION Lending Charges: Shipped: ‘Ship Insurance: Lending Notes: Lending Restrictions: http://firstsearch.ocle.org/WebZ/SageRetrieveMarkedCategories?sessionid=sp01sw11-34447-e8d... 5/5/2005 REDSTONE SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CENTER INTER-LIBRARY LOANS. In case of errors with this Ariel/Fax/PDF transmission, please let us know within two (2) working days. Thank you. Joyce Kelly/ILL IL Request # © Text Blurred © Missing Pages © Unreadable, please mail copy to library Notice: This material may be protected by copyright law —Waruing Concerning Copyright Restrictions Tee core a ft Uae Ste Tie 17 US Ca gree the mg php ter caproducions of copyrighted material Under certain conditions specified inthe law, Mbraries and archives are authored to furnish a photocopy or ther reproduction. Ove of then specie conditions reproduction wet be “used fr the photocopy or ‘ay perpen oer han private sed, sebolrip oe research”, Uf wer mabe reget a, a a 2 reprodaction for purposes In exceas of “fale use" thet user may be liable fr copyright la ‘This nattuion reserves the right to refese to accept a copying order if, in ts jedgment, fulfilment of the order ‘would invelve violation of copyright lav. U.S. Army Research, Development & Engineering Command Redstone Scientific Information Center ATTN: AMSRD-AMR-IN-IC (RSIC/ILL/Bldg 4484) Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898-5000 Voice: (256) 876-0945 Fax: (256) 842-8453 Ariel: 199.209.144.100 Email: joyce.kelly@rdec.redstone army.mil ‘THEORY OF HEAT TRANSFER IN COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGERS BASED ON THE MODEL OF A POROUS MEDIA Y. L. Subbotia, V. V. Kharitonov, and Y. N. Fedoseey Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Energetika i Transport, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 107-117, 1989 UDC 621.59.045.536.24 Expressions were obtained that describe the three-dlmensional distributions of temperatures and local heat transfer of walls in the channels of compact matrix heat exchangers (both countercurrent and cocurrent) allowing for antsotropy of heat conduction of the matrix and the effective heat conduction of the liquid, caused by its mixing and molecular transfer. It is demonstrated that the boundary conditions have almost no effect on the efficiency of heat ‘transfer and when the transverse dimensions of the channel are comparable tothe characteristic depth of heating ofthe highly heat conductive matrix, the intensity of liquid mixing also weakly affects the efficiency of heat transfer. Estimates are made of the parameters for efficiency of ‘compact heat exchangers. An example of a specific calculation is given, Compact heat exchangers manufactured from bundles of perforated and corrugated plates or screens made of materials with high heat conduction (copper, brass, aluminum, etc.) are widely used in modern engineering {1- 6]. The plates or screens are separated by sealed non-eat-conductive spacers that form channels for the heat transfer agents moving in countercurrent or cocurreat along neighboring channels perpendicular to the plane of the plates (Fig. 1). Heat exchangers made in this fashion possess low heat conduction along the direction of flow of the heat-transfer agents and the high heat conduction in cross section. The thickness of the plates is 0.15-0.16 tm, the distance between them 0.1-3.1 mm, the compactness of the heat-exchange surface 420-6300 m’/m?. A ‘Gircular, square, or slotted perforation is ordinarily used. Analysis of results of thermal tests of compact heat exchangers is carried out according to the method of [7] based oa solution of the one-dimensional problem of heat conduction ofa single fin. Such a simplified and very approximate method does not permit reliable prediction of the parameters of a heat exchanger or its optimization. In the present study we discuss a new approach to calculating the three-dimensional distribution to temperature in an anisotropic heat exchanger in the approximation of a homogenized porous medium. The model of a porous medium developed in [7,8] is significantly simplified with respect to plane-parallel flow of a one-phase liquid in a porous medium with small Biot numbers, which is characteristic of compact heat exchangers [9,13]. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Ina heat exchanger we distinguish a single channel surrounded by four countercurrent channels and place the origin of the Cartesian coordinates in the center of the first plate of the isolated channel (Fig. 1). The porous channel has the shape of a parallelepiped measuring, x b,x I. Its matrix solid frame) is characterized by effective hheat conductivity coefficients (in the absence of a heat-transfer agent) Xy and Ay, (along the x axis the heat conductivity equals zero). Owing to the comparatively high hydraulic resistance of the channel the distribution of the filtration rate of the heat-transfer agent v in the cross section of the channel can be considered uniform (the braking action of the side walls propagates over a distance that is small in comparison with the dimensions of the pores, perforations). Heat transfer between the perforated plates and liquid (gas) is characterized in the model of a porous medium by the exchange coefficient of heat transfer a, = aS, W/(m-K), where a is the average heat transfer of the perforated plates, W/(m*K), S, is the cooled surface of the plates referred to a unit of volume of the channel (compactness of the heat exchanger, m’/m’) [9,10]. The heat entering the liquid is transferred in the transverse direction owing to molecular heat conduction of the liquid and its mixing in the space between plates. As demonstrated ia [14,15], the combined effect of molecular and convective transfer can be characterized by the © 1989 by Allerton Press, inc. ~ or on e2 (oyoqo) (2 eH) dy (e} [2] [2] L a 4 y o Fig. 1. Scheme of matrix of a compact heat exchanger: 1,2) notation of channels with hot and cold heat-transfer agents moving in i ‘countercurrent; h,) transverse dimensions ‘of the separating walls (spaces) between channels; 6,) thickness of the perforated plate; &) thickness of the spacers in the direction of flow of the heat-transfer agent. the effective heat conductivity coefficients of a homogenized liquid 4,, 2,- The recommendations for calculation and measurement of thermophysical parameters (x,y, 2) of certain porous media can be found in[9,10,14-18}. At cach point (x, y, z) of a homogenized porous heat exchanger the temperature of the frame (matrix) T(x, y, 2) ___ fer from the tomperature ofthe quid T(,y, 2) owing to heat transfer between them. The distribution of these temperatures in the space obeys the equations of convective heat exchange in the approximation of a porous object [9-13]: at, #T, a 29 My Tr ht a (Te—T 1); a a #r, Omang pp age Te T;). @Q Here p and c, are the density and heat capacity of the liquid, respectively. The term on the left side of Eq. (1) characterized convective heat transfer by the liquid in the direction of flow, the last terms in (1) and (2) characterize the volumetric heat transfer between the frame (matrix) and liquid, the first terms on the right sides characterize transverse heat transfer owing to heat conduction of the liquid and frame. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS Let us consider two types of boundary conditions on the side surface of a homogenized channel with a rectangular cross section: 1) the densities of heat flux on mutually parallel surfaces are identical and equal q, and 52) the temperature of the side surface ofthe channel is everywhere the same and equals T,. The first condition is most typical for countercurrent heat exchangers with a non-heat-conductive spacer in which leakage of heat through the separating wall along the streams is fully absent. The second, on the other hand, is characteristic of heat exchangers in which the walls that separate neighboring channels possess extremely high heat conduction. ‘Thus, the first and second boundary conditions are asymptotic for most real conditions. In all cases the temperature of the liquid atthe inpat to the channel (x = 0) is considered constant and equal to... As a,ule, the plates (screens) of matrix heat exchangers are separated by non-heat-conductive spacers. For this reason, in setting up the boundary conditions of the second type we an assume that all the heat from the walls of the channel is transmitted to the frame (matrix), and for the liquid on the wall adiabatic conditions are fulfilled, ie., 100 a“ ‘Three-dimensional distribution of temperature in the frame and liquid under boundary conditions of the second type is represented in the form of the independent terms T,(z, y, z)—=Oi(z, y)+W.(z, 2); lk, . We finally obtain feb [4K ch Rls ut)—tn + {$+ $) 1 expl-D.X) Apt cota (21-101 }+ ® ws DD costna((H/2)~2) 1}: 7, tayadatgr die ROAD cotta (il2)—1) Ife @ coslna((H/2)-2) I}. Here diy=(My/*)", byg™ Ogle)" are characteristic depths of heating of the matrix along the y and z axes, respectively, X=-2/26,, Y=ylby, Z—2/Sxz are dimensionless coordinates, 3, = 9¢,¥,/a, is the characteristic distance along the direction of flow over which significant heating of the heat-transfer agent occurs, Hy=hy/Syy- Hywh/Sq are the relative transverse dimensions of the channel, #.=2zn/H, and tjy==2an/Hare eigenvalues, Dam2[1+ (hiylDg) et (UtHa)~"], Bam 2(1+ Oy2/hg) tat (Ltn!) ~') are coefficients that characterize the longitudinal change in temperature. The larger of the quantities 1/D, or 1/B, serves as a gauge of the length of the intial segment (in dimensionless coordinates). The obtained expressions most fully and strictly consider the distribution of temperature in a matrix heat exchangers as a function of different parameters: geometric dimensions, thermophysical properties of the matrix and heat-transfer agent, flow rate of the liquid and thermal Toads. ‘The terms in braces in front of the series in (3) describe the distribution of frame temperature in its cross section at the input to the channel (x = 0) where the liquid temperature is constant. ‘Averaging T,(x, y,2) or directly integrating Eq, (1) with respect to the cross-sectional area of the channel, we find the linear law of increase in average temperature of the liquid in the direction of flow: by 1 ag lln (ey hdydomtig +(Z ' o Knowing the distribution of temperatures in the homogenized channel, we can determine from the traditional formulas the local coefficients of heat transfer of the walls of the channel: = yim (Te (2, /2)—2, (2) “4; ty, o Here 101 Table 1 Local Heat Transfer of Porous Channels of Square Cross Section Under Boundary Conditions of the First and Second Type. efor = = 1925 | 2882 | QuBe | oath | aHo | (16) oem | 0240 | ose a | caters GH | 8. [okes| amo | BS | GBS | Ome | OF [OS] 8 = wa Bs h2—2 J re, ymiy22)de; Mle hv2)—2%my J Iyle.y,2 Ay : are the average temperatures of the walls of the channel yarsth,/2 and :=h,/2, respectively, in different sections x ‘Thus, close to the input to the channe! (x = 0) the local heat transfer is maximum and equals, yy 8 Where Gay (My) is the maximum heat transfer of the wall and b,—roo. By replacing y with z and vice-versa, ‘we can obtain the heat transfer-2,.(0) from (7), As follows from (7), heat transfer in the inital segment does not depend on heat conduction of the liquid (since we assumed T,(0) = Ty), but depends on the ratio of heat fluxes 44/4, It also follows that the smaller the transverse dimensions of the chamnel, the lower the heat transfer of the ‘wall atthe same filtration rate of the heat-transfer agent owing to the reduction in heat-exchange surface (Table 1), Thus, for a channel with a square cross section (h, = h,m h) during symmetric heating (q, = q, = q) when A6,)depends on >, and a, In a section of stabilized heat transfer, where X>max(1/D,, 1/8.) local heat transfer of the wall of a homogenized channel does not depend on X and equals og) tay /| Tea + too (on (2) © Here xy=(1+1/A,)"s, A, = dy/Ay isthe ratio of the effective transverse heat conduction of the liquids and frame. Heat transfer of the walls perpendicular to the z axis is obtained from (8) by circular replacement of y with z and with y. The length of the initial segment is connected to parameter 6, = 9¢,¥,/a, or the expression AH Von o where i= yorz. Thus, expressions (3)-(9) enable us to strictly analyze the effect of different factors on the distribution of temperature and heat transfer in the channels of matrix heat exchangers. INFLUENCE OF HEAT CONDUCTION OF THE LIQUID Let us consider and compare two limiting cases: 4, = oo and 2, = 0, In the latter case, when the heat conduction of the liquid is ignored in comparison with the heat conduction of the frame, calculation of the temperature and heat transfer is carried out with a margin. In the first case, when mixing of the liquid is fairly intense, the efficiency of the heat exchanger is overstated, but in return simpler calculation relations are obtained, since the temperature ofthe liquid is constant in the cross section and changes only inthe direction of flow owing to eating according to law (5). In an isotropic channel with a square cross section the distributions of temperature when 3, = 00 are determined most simply: TLad=Tin aq (4z/pcpuyh); = a T(z, 9, 2) =Za(2)+9(ch Y+ch Z)/e sh(H/2). 2 ‘The length of the initial segment is vanishingly small, heat transfer of the walls is the same over the entire length of the channel and according to (7) and (8) equals. Gy (0) /(cth (H/2)+ (2/H)). ay ‘The second variant (A, = 0) is characteristic of gas flow through highly heat conductive porous frames. In temperature distributions (3) and (4) in this case we cannot get around the series. The local heat transfer at the ‘input to the channel is the same as when 2, = 0, Le, it is determined according to (11). The length of the initial segment Xuq = 25(1 + H'/4n?), The heat transfer in the stabilized segment is lower than in the initial segment and according to (8) equals (29) tea (H/B-H4'H). (a2) According to (12) the heat resistance 1/a.,(20) to heat transfer from the wall to the heat-transfer agent equals the ‘sum of the heat resistance of the matrix h/6), and the heat resistance of the braked liquid on the surface of the plates 4/ha,. ‘The heat transfer in the stabilized segment reaches a maximum value (Y8/4)a= at ‘optimal twansverse dimension of the channel h=2V65,. At relative thicknesses of the channel H'< local heat transfer diminishes along the channel by no more than 14%. This means that effective heat conduction of the liquid has almost no effect on the temperature distribution and heat transfer in compact heat exchangers when H < 3 at any length. When H > 5 at lengths [>26, (1+H"/4n*) the approximation A, = oo and 0 can give significantly different results. EFFECT OF BOUNDARY CONDITIONS So far the authors have analyzed the solutions to Eqs. (1) and (2) under boundary conditions of the second type. Boundary conditions of the first type (constant temperature of the channel walls) can reflect at least three different physical pheaomena: 1) maximum inteasity of heat leakage aloag the walls; 2) heating of the channel by condensing steam or cooling by a solidifying melt, which is sometimes used for experimental determination of heat transfer in channels; 3) the natural state ofthe wall of straightflow beat exchangers, Solving Eq, (2) with respect to T, - T, at constant temperature of the walls T, in the approximation 2, = oo, when the temperature of the liquid depends only on coordinate x, we obtain _— Fig: Eifect of transverse dimensions of channels of square cross section on local heat transfer of walls. Dashed lines refer to calculations according to formulas (16) and 27) for boundary conditions of the first type; solid lines correspond to calculation according to formulas (11) and (12) for boundary conditions of the second type. Risusian et) YX sh (us! (H.~$))—sh(usS) . (x(2n+4) x{ SEES wD (xe) . h(n,’ (4,—8))+sh(na’Hy) x(2n+1) 7 ah (nw) 10 5) 5), Ben’ {[e(2nt1) He] 44)"; ame { [x (2nt1)/H,] 41)" CaZ+H.I2, BR Y+H/2 are dimensionless coordinates, the origin of which is placed in the corner of the channel. Integrating Eq. (1) first with respect to cross-sectional area of the channel using expression (13), then with respect to x from 0 to x, we obtain the law of temperature change of the liquid along the channel 1, (2)=T.—(T.—Tin exp (—z/ze), (a4) where emsliyhipy04/ [2 yh) ag) is the characteristic length of heating of the liquid; -— fii, w (hyth,) St (Ont) ch(p,’H,)—4 ch(nn’Hy)—1 ee Seat is the local transfer ofthe walls ofthe channel with constant temperature, 7(t)is the average deasity of heat flux along the perimeter of the plate. For a porous channel with a square cross section and with isotropic properties along the y and z axes from (15) we find ED ee Lae ae 06 As follows from Table 1, the difference in coefficients of heat transfer for boundary conditions of the second and first types, calculated according to (11) and (16), do not exceed 4.1%. At the same time, the distribution of temperature of the plates aud liquid in the transverse and longitudinal directions is described in these cases by significantly different functions. We note that when T, = const, the temperature head T, - T(x) and average density of heat flux q (x) continuously diminish with distance from the input to the channel, in which they diminish equally so that heat transfer (16) remains constant (does not depead on 2), which is characteristic of stabilized heat transfer. Thus, expression (16) without a loss of accuracy can be replaced by the simpler expression (11). In the second limiting case, 2, = 0, the local heat transfer of the walls with a square channel diminishes in the direction of liquid flow the maximum value (11) to the minimum value: Gg 2) cea/ (2H/a*+4/ H), an achieved in the section of stabilized heat transfer, Heat transfer (17) assumes the highest value (x¥3/8)a., with ‘optimal transfer dimension of the channel h= Asis apparent, expressions (12) and (17) for heat transfer of the walls with a square channel inthe section of stabilized heat transfer in the approximation 2, = 0 under boundary conditions of the second and first types —_—siffer insignificantly (Fig, 2). PARAMETERS OF EFFICIENCY OF MATRIX HEAT EXCHANGERS ‘The fact that the boundary conditions have little effect on local heat transfer of the channel walls with a Porous sleeve enables us to determine the coefficient of heat transfer between the hot and cold heat-transfer agents (both in a cocurrent and countercurrent heat exchanger) according to the traditional formula {Km t/t /emettl (hen Sm/ (SiS), (as) in which the first two terms characterize the heat resistance to heat transfer from the hot heat-transfer agent to the ‘wall of the channel and from it to the cold heat-transfer agent, while the last term characterizes heat resistance of the metal plates in the segments occupied by spacers (¢ is the thickness of the spacer between channels, 6, isthe thickness of the same spacer between plates 2, is the heat conduction of the plate material, 6, is the thickness of the metal perforated plates). In addition to the coefficient of heat transfer there, are a number of other parameters for efficiency of heat exchangers. Let us consider two of them: 1) the relative heating (called efficiency in (2]) ¢ = AT/AT, equal to the ratio of heating in the cold heat transfer agent AT = Tag Tz to the maximum temperature head AT, = Taia~ Tea’ 2) relative energy intensity of the beat exchanger E = (@,/AT,)/(a,/2).Here qy= Q/i(h + t)Fis the ‘beat power of the heat exchanger referred to a unit of volume; a,/2 is the maximum possible value of ‘G/ Ty at the assigned volumetric heat transfer. The greater the value of E, the lower the volume of the heat exchanger at the assigned heat power and the temperature drop between hot and cold heat-transfer agents. If we ignore the thickness of the spacer in comparison with the dimensions of the square channel (t «h), then using expressions (5) and (14) for the average temperature of the liquid, expressions (12) and (18) for the local heat transfer and the heat-transfer coefficient, we obtain the following expressions for E and ¢ under boundary conditions of the first and second type, respectively: Ere(inme““/8)/20; eemtfa(1ets), as) 105 Table 2 Effect of Relative Dimensions of a Square Channel of Matrix Heat Exchangers on Their Efficiency and Energy Intensity. Calculation According to (19) | 950 | Ses | d50 | daa | Sas | Sas | Ose | Oat | dan 1 | 930 | Bas | dso | t 2/086 | a | oMo | 05 | ass | as | O22 | oa | a0 B / es | aso | off | ove | at | oso | ave | ao | ast 48 | dat | aso | dae | 388 | so | Gap | oun | Sa | 088 050 1 lasolo Jo $1 losolo jo |r ym 2/(2L4S); egl/(14+(S/2L)) (as) ‘Here L=i/26, =l/2(pepv;/a,) is the relative length of the heat exchanger, S=hers/2aq=(H/2) (au/am) is the relative transverse dimension of the channel H=h/ty=sh (a/2y)*. ‘As follows from Table 2, the boundary conditions (Le. heat leakage along the walls of the channel) have ‘no significant effect on the energy intensity (and compactness) of a heat exchanger. The complex parameters L and H have a greater effect. Quantity E reaches a limit E = 1 when L 2 0, H 2 0. Thus, for approach to the maximum energy intensity of the heat exchanger we must reduce the dimensions of the thannel (with filtration rate). In order to increase the efficiency ¢ it is convenient to increase the length of the channels and reduce the transverse dimensions ie, the effect of leugtirome and! E is mrurually contradictory. We note that both E and ¢ monotonically increase with diminishing transverse dimensions of the channel, whereas the heat-transfer coefficient according to formulas (18) and (12) is maximum at a certain optimal dimension of the channel. Heat leakage along the wall reduces ¢, if L > 1, during which the limiting efficiency of the heat exchanger at constant temperature of the wall (maximum leakage along the walls or cocurrent flow) is two times lower than the efficiency in their absent, If we consider the limitations on total flow rate of heat-transfer agents or the pressure drop in them, then the range of change of L and H can be reduced significantly. Thus, depending on the purpose of the heat exchanger, the requirements on its design can change significantly. In the Appendix we give an example for calculation of a matrix heat exchanger. CONCLUSIONS 1, The mode! of a porous object permits calculation of three-dimensional temperature fields in matrix beat exchangers and yields the most general expressions for local heat transfer of the walls of the channel and the criteria for efficiency of a heat exchanger as a function of boundary efficiency of a heat exchanger as a function of boundary conditions, dimensions of the channels and anisotropy of heat conduction of the matrix and heat- transfer agent. 2 The characteristic depth of beating of the frame 8, and the length of beating of the heat-transfer agent 4; play an important role as scales of transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the channels with porous sleeves. 3. The boundary conditions on the walls of the channels have litle effect on the heat-transfer coefficient from the hot stream to the cold one. 4, Heat conduction of the liquid (allowing for mixing) has almost no effect on transverse heat transfer, if the relative transverse dimension of the channel h/8, does not exceed 3 or the relative length //24, < 1 (when heating of the heat-transfer agent is low in comparison with the temperature head); for relatively long heat exchangers (1/25,> 1) the approximations = 0 and oo can give significantly differing results especially with large relative dimensions of the channels h/B, > 5. 5. The developed method for calculating three-dimensional temperature fields together with reliable data 106 on the hydraulic resistance and volumetric heat transfer permits the strictest calculation and optimization of a design for matrix heat exchangers; on the other hand, using this method, we can more accurately determine the thermophysical parameters of the heat exchanger (for example, heat transfer of perforated plates) based on measurement of the temperature at characteristic points. APPENDIX ‘Example of thermodynamic calculation of a matrix heat exchanger. Let us consider a heat exchanger (Fig. 1), the matrix of which is formed by a bundle of N metal plates with circular perforation, The holes with diameters d, form a square grate, The porosity of each plate (volumetric percentage of the holes) equals Ty ‘Using non-heat-conductive spacers, the bundle is separated into a system of 2a identical square channels with a channels each for hot and cold heat-transfer agents moving in countercurrent along neighboring channels. The design of such heat exchangers was described in detail in (2). ‘The object ofthe calculation is to determine the volume of the heat exchanger, ic, the area and number 'N of perforated plates) and the distribution of temperature based on the assigned heat power Q, flow rates of the hheat-transfer agents G, and G, the admissible pressure drops Ap, and Ap,. The hot heat-transfer agent is ar, the cold one is nitrogen. The parameters of the streams of air and nitrogen in the matrix heat exchanger made of perforated plates with a power of 78,000 W (2), p-98) are given below: ‘Sivan ae Nitrogen ‘Average tempergture Ta K 100 Oe ig ~ 247 conduct 2. Wi dot Oynamic viscoaty 10 Pa-s00 v5 ‘Specie heat capaci cp iey"™) 1.03 rand numbac Pr ora Flowrate 2. gfe 1280 Temperature at input Tin K ‘0 - ‘stout Taw K 28 Pressure, MPa O18 ‘imleibe pressure losses in chanel 4p, MPa aioe ‘Material of the plates - copper with a heat conductivity X, = 380 W/(m-K). Holes 1.35 mm in diameter located at an interval s = 225 mm. Thickness of the plate 03 mm, porosity 0.28, thickness of the spacer 0.4 mm. ‘Thermodynamic parameters of a square channel. The heat conduction of a homogenized frame (matrix) can be evaluated according to the formula 9{16}, pp. 208-211) Mm hed (1-1) Sl (A+) (a +8) 1 ‘The porosity and compactness (specific surface) of the channel are determined by the expressions nats 18 bm? — 2GH Me) +e Oda) Ont : When II, = 0.28, d, = 135 mm, 5, = 03 mm, 3, = 0.4 mm, we obtain Xk = 92 W/(m-K), TI = 0.69, S, = 2408 mi/m’, Ss The volumetric heat transfer a, = aS,. The experimental data on heat transfer of plates a in matrices with displaced holes (relative to the longitudinal axis) was generalized in (2] for the equation Nu=ade/A—0,2 Re," (Aa) where Nis the heat conductivity ofthe gas, Re, = vyéy/v is the Reynolds number plotted according to the velocity of the gas in the holes v, = v/Tl, and according to their diameter. The equation is applicable in the range Re, = 12107, d/8, = 06-15. 107 ‘The linear parameters (mm) for a channel with air Opty My Pr Rey Roy by = RE a Rg 0.00 (a2) ne( Thus, whca Res = 10° we have Nu, = 17; 5, = Smm; 6, = 13 mm a = 236 W/(m'K); av = 5.7K); = 7230 ‘W(m?-K); ¥, = 1.1 m/sec; v; = 031 m/sec. With such parameters stabilization of heat transfer occurs after the 160th place. The maximum heat transfer in the section of stabilized heat transfer would amount to ay = 4430 ‘W/(m?-K) according to (12) with optimal transverse dimension of the channel h = 64 mm. ‘The coefficient of hydraulic resistance of the channel is determined from calculation of the pressure drop con one plate Ap; = Ap(bq + 8,)/L: ~(ate) "7 oe) ben 20pupert (a4) ‘According to the data of [2] inthe region of self-modeling of gas flow, when E, does not depend on Re, (in practice when Re, > 100), the hydraulic resistance coefficient in matrices with displacement of the holes is generalized when 5,/dy = 0.11-1.0 by the formula Ber iL 140,08 (daiBe )™]. ‘ Here §1=({0,707(1-M1)"“+1-Ma}* is the coefficient of resistance of a single perforated plate. ‘A nitrogen-air heat exchanger was calculated according to the above parameters in two stages. First, using the direct method of calculation (2), we determined the heat-transfer coefficients for the streams of air, = 340 W/(m?-K) and nitrogen a, = 290 W/(m*-K) and also the total frontal cross sections of the channels for each stream F, = 0.0826 m* and the approximate number of plates in the matrix N = 155. For a selected transverse dimension of the channels h and thickness of the walls t we then made a final thermobydraulic calculation of the heat exchanger according to the above-cited relations. The quantities a,, «, F, obtained in the direct method were used in this calculation as initial data. The results of calculation of the nitrogen-air heat exchanger with a checkerboard layout of the channels are shown below (transverse dimension of the channels b = 10s = 22.5 mm, thickness of the walls t = 3 mm): ‘Stream ae roger Heat wanater coafclant a, Wiin?-19 according to (1) 0 2 Continent of volume heat anser ay 10° Wome) ae oa (Sharer langth of heating ofthe Meat antler agent, mm ‘Blais according 0 (2) “70 430) Length of ouput in ston of sablized heat wanser, mm (plats) aa ast

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