NHNG KIN THC C BN V INTERNET

MC LC
C s v Internet...................................................................................................... 2
Ti mt file t Internet ............................................................................................. 3
Chn nh cung cp dch v Internet......................................................................... 8
Web l g................................................................................................................ 13

NHNG KIN THC C BN V INTERNET

NHNG KIN THC C BN V INTERNET

Dnh cho ngi mi bt u...
C s v Internet
Bn mun vo mng? Bn tng xem nhng qung co nh vy trn tivi trong
c nhng a ch kh hiu v bn qu mt mi khi phi nghe nhng k khc
ca ngi v cuc tr truyn trc tuyn sut m qua ca h. Tht l kh hiu, hy
ngh xem c g khc nhau gia mng v Web? Tt thi, trong khi World Wide
Web l thnh phn chnh ca mng, n ch l mt kh nng nh ca mng dng
truyn thng.
Mng hot ng nh th no?
Internet l mng ton cu lin kt cc my tnh thng qua h thng ng in
thoi v cp quang. Mt s my tnh c ni lin tc vo Internet trong khi cc
my khc ch gh thm mt i lc. Nhng my tnh ni thng xuyn vo mng
l nhng my cha v s thng tin m nhng ngi dng mng khc c th truy
cp.
ly nhng thng tin ny bn cn ni my ca bn vi mt my khc ang cn
trc tuyn hoc mtmy ch. Bn c th ni hai my tnh vi nhau qua mt dy
cp, loi ny thng c dng trong vn phng, hoc ng dy in thoi ni
vi nh cung cp dch v Internet t nh bn. Khi ni ni mng, my ca bn
tr thnh mt trong hng triu my to nn Internet.
Nh th no l nh cung cp dch v Internet?
Nh cung cp dch v Internet (Internet Service Provider ISP) l mt cng ty vi
nhng my tnh siu nhanh thng xuyn ni vo Internet thng qua mt ng
truyn tc cao. Cng ty ny s bn cho bn quyn kt ni vo mng v s dng

NHNG KIN THC C BN V INTERNET

mt phn ng truyn ca h n vi ton mng Internet. Khi kt ni vo

Internet bn c th truy nhp thng tin ca mi my tnh trn mng. Bn cng c
th cung cp nhng thng tin ca ring bn mi ngi c th truy nhp.
my tnh ca bn lin kt c vi my ca ISP, bn cn mt modem, thit b
dng chuyn t tn hiu s trong my tnh sang tn hiu tng t ca ng in
thoi, v bn cn mt phn mm gip cho my ca bn giao tip vi nhng my
khc. Bn c th mua modem ti cc ca hng thit b my tnh c uy tn. Mun c
tc cao bn nn chn nhng loi modem mi nht. Mt s phn mm cn thit
c sn trong my ca bn, cn nhng phn mm khc nh cung cp dch v
Internet s cung cp cho bn. Nu khng bn c th t ti xung t trn mng.
Ch vy thi sao?
Trong nhng bi tip theo, chng ti s gip cc bn cch t tm cho mnh nh
cung cp dch v Internet, hng dn s dng mt trnh duyt Web, lm th no
gi email v cch ti mt file t trn mng. chnh l ba hot ng chnh m
ngi mi dng mng nn bt u. Bn cn c th c tin trong cc nhm tin
(news groups), chi cc tr chi trn mng, tr chuyn trc tuyn(chat on-line),
hay hi tho truyn hnh (video conference) hay dng in thoi ni chuyn vi
mi ngi trn khp th gii.
Bn c th ti cc chng trnh m bn cn ti a ch http://i-net.com.au/C cc
chng trnh dnh cho Mac, PC, Amiga v OS/2.

Ti mt file t Internet
Bn ang tm mt chng trnh bo v mn hnh mi? Hy ly trn Internet!.
Mun nghe mt on trong bi ht mi? Hy ly trn Internet! Nhng chng
trnh xem nh, nhng bi mi trong tr Quake.. C rt nhiu trn Internet bn tha
h m ti v my ca bn. FTP, hay giao thc truyn tp tin (file transfer protocol)
dng truyn file trn Internet gia cc my tnh khc nhau.
ti mt file, bn cn mt chng trnh gi l FTP client (chng trnh truyn
file dng cho my khch). Hai chng trnh FTP client ph bin dnh cho PC l
WS-FTP v CuteFTP. V hai chng trnh dnh cho my Macintosh l Fetch v
Anarchie. Bn c th dng trnh duyt Web lm vic thay cc chng trnh ny
nu mun nhng n s khng c mt s c tnh ca FTP client. Nu ISP ca bn
cung cp cho bn mt bn FTP client c hoc khng cung cp cho bn, hy ti
xung phin bn mi nht trn Internet.

NHNG KIN THC C BN V INTERNET

Truyn file nh th no?

Mt vi trong s nhng my tnh ni mng c lu tr mt s lng ln cc file.
Nhng my ny gi l FTP sites. ti xung mt file t nhng site ny, bn khi
ng chng trnh FTP client v nhp a ch ca site FTP. Mt a ch FTP ging
nh sau: ftp://ftp.fake.com.au/pub/directory/file.zip, c i khi n ging nh
mt a ch Web: http://www.fake.corn.au/directory/file.zip.
Phn u ca a ch l my ch (host). Phn cn li l a ch xc nh ng dn
n file bn nh ti xung. Nu khng c tn file cui, n s hiu l th mc. to
download.
File a s cc site FTP l min ph v dnh cho tt c mi ngi. to xung
mt file trong nhng site ny, bn s dng tn nc danh (anonymously) c ngha l
bn khng cn phi ch r ch danh (User ID) v mt khu (password) ng
nhp. Cc site khc ch truy nhp c nu bn c php.
Khi bn ni n site FTP, bn s b hi user name v password. Nu site chp nhn
ng nhp nc danh bn ch cn n gin nhp "anonymous" thay cho user name
v a ch email thay cho password.
Bn s thy mt danh sch cc file hoc file ca bn ang c download.
Khi bn ly file v my ca bn, hy kim tra virus trnh nguy him c th xy
ra. Cc file c th dng nn ( gim kch thc trong khi truyn) hay m
ho(nhm m bo an ton). Bn dng chng trnh gii nn v gii m. Nhng
chng trnh ny c rt nhiu.
i khi bn phi bung cc file ra v ci t ln my, c th bn nhn c thng
bo y l phn mm dng th (shareware). C ngha l n khng min ph, bn
c dng th trong mt thi gian nu mun dng tip bn phi tre tin. Cc
chng trnh dng ny gi thng khong $20. Hy th n a ch ny
http://www.kagi.com.
Phi gii nn cc file ti c

NHNG KIN THC C BN V INTERNET

1. Danh sch cc file trong my ca mt ngi khc. ng tic, ti ch xem c

nhng phn chung.
2. Nhn vo mi tn bt u truyn file.
y l my ca bn.Th mc file ny s cha cc file bn sp ti.
Mt s a ch cha file v tin ch
File Transfer Protocol

NHNG KIN THC C BN V INTERNET

nh ngha: Giao thc truyn tp tin (FTP) l mt phng php c chun ho

gi nhng tp tin nh phn khng c m ho qua kt ni IP. Phng php
truyn ny ng tin cy hn so vi nhng phng php khc, chng hn nh gi
theo dng nh km th in t. My tnh gi s chia nh d liu ca tp tin thnh
nhng gi tin c nh s. My tnh nhn dng nhng s ny "lp rp" gi tin
nhn c cho ng nh th t ban u.
Giao thc truyn tp tin (FTP) l mt thut ng ng lu : n l danh t v ng
t, giao thc v ng dng, my khch v my ch. FTP c Cc n DARPA
ca B Quc Phng M pht trin vo nm 1969 v l chun cho vic truyn cc
tp tin trn nhng mng theo chun IP nh Internet. Da trn giao thc TCP/IP,
FTP l mi trng c lp nn c th dng cho nhng my tnh chy cc h iu
hnh khc nhau trao i tp tin.
Nhng tp tin vn bn, theo mc nh, s c gi i dng m ASCII. My
khch hay my gi s chuyn d liu thnh nh dng ASCII 8 bit. My ch hay
my nhn s chuyn vn bn ASCII thnh nh dng thch hp vi phn cng v
h iu hnh ca n. nh hay cc tp tin khng phi dng vn bn s c gi i
nh nhng tp tin nh phn. Thng thng, cc tp tin FTP c nn. Chng c th
t gii nn hay bn c th lng chng trnh nh PKZIP gii nn.
Ngi dng s lin lc vi my ch bng phn mm FTP ca my khch, thit lp
kt ni, ng nhp vo mng, yu cu lit k cc th mc vo v chp cc tp tin.
iu ny c th c thc hin bng dng lnh hay bng tin ch FTP dng giao
din ngi dng ha nh Windows.
Cc quy tc truyn
Mt trong nhng bin th ca FTP l Trivial FTP, khng c nhng tnh nng v
th mc v mt m. Tuy nhin, dng ph bin nht l Anonymous FTP, ty thuc
vo cu hnh ca server. Khi server FTP c lin lc n s hi tn ngi dng v
mt m ngi dng ng nhp dng anonymous (v danh) v c th truy cp cc
tp tin trn server. Theo quy c, ngi dng s nhp a ch e-mail ca h thay
cho mt m.
Thng thng, ngi dng c th ti xung cc tp tin nhng khng th ti ln,
thay i hay xo chng. Nu v mt l do no m ngi dng bt buc phi c
nhng quyn ny th mt th mc dnh cho cc tp tin ti ln s c thit lp

NHNG KIN THC C BN V INTERNET

ring duy tr tnh bo mt ca phn cho php ti xung. Chng hn, nu Web
site ca bn do mt nh cung cp dch v Internet qun l, bn s cp nht Web
site ny bng FTP trong mt th mc kiu trn v nh cung cp dch v Internet s
thc hin cng vic cp nht Web site ca bn thng qua th mc .
Do khng c tng la vi kh nng kim tra tnh hp l v bo mt trn nhng
mng ring o nn loi FPT c bo v bng mt m ch c ch i vi nhng tp
tin t quan trng; khi truyn gia my khch v my ch, FTP truyn tn ngi
dng v mt m dng vn bn bnh thng v nhng thng tin c th d dng
b nh cp.
Vi chc nng mt ng dng, FTP thng c tch hp vo trong nhng phn
mm truyn thng c h tr c cc giao thc truyn tp tin thng thng khc nh
Xmodem, Ymodem, Zmodem v Kennit.
Xmodem vi kh nng truyn khi 128 byte l loi FTP u tin ca PC. N thc
hin vic kim tra li cc gi tin bo m s chnh xc ca vic truyn. My
tnh gi dng mt gii thut tnh ton cc gi tr nh phn trong mt gi tin v
gi kt qu ny vo phn cui ca gi tin. My tnh nhn cng thc hin mt gii
thut tng t. Hai kt qu ny trng khp c ngha l cuc truyn thnh cng, nu
khng, gi tin s c gi li.
Ymodem vi kh nng truyn nhng khi 1.024 byte cn c kh nng x l tp tin
theo l.
C Xmodem v Ymodem u thuc giao thc dng-i. My tnh gi truyn d
liu i, ch nhn xc nhn hay cn gi l ACK t my tnh nhn, bo rng cc gi
tin n ni. Xc nhn l m tnh hay NAK, ngha l gi tin b li hay khng n
c ni nhn, ng thi cng l tn hiu yu cu bn gi gi li gi tin.
Zmodem l mt giao thc lin tc. My nh gi s duy tr vic gi cc gi tin mt
cch lin tc cho n khi nhn c tn hiu NAK. Khi , n s quay li v tr c
gi tin b h v thc hin vic gi li t . Zmodem cng c kh nng iu chnh
kch thc ca gi tin ty vo iu kin ca ng truyn. Nu vic truyn b ngt
qung na chng, Zmodem c th khi ng li v thc hin vic truyn t im
b ngt qung. Kiu truyn ny thng c p dng cho ng truyn v tinh v
c kh nng ng ph vi nhng thay i trong iu kin ca ng truyn.

NHNG KIN THC C BN V INTERNET

Kermit c i hc Columbia pht trin vo nm 1981. Giao thc ny chia nh

tp tin thnh nhng gi tin v gi km trong mi gi tin cc d liu iu khin.
My tnh nhn s kim tra d liu iu khin trong tng gi tin khi chng n ni
v gi tn hiu ACK hay NAK tng ng cho my gi.
Giao thc truyn thng mc nh cho Web l Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP),
c dng truyn nhng trang HTML t server Web n trnh duyt ca my
yu cu dch v. HTTP Secure c thm ty chn bo mt m FTP khng c. Trang
HTML s c nh dng phc tp v linh hot hn so vi trang vn bn ASCII. Tuy
nhin, d c cc c ch b m v kt ni thng trc, HTTP vn lm tng chi ph
ca vic ti xung.
C nhng tt
hn 30 nm k t khi ra i, FTP vn l phng php hiu qu nht ti
xung nhng tp tin ln t Internet. C th k ra mt vi u im ca n nh sau:
Nh. FTP c thit k gi v nhn cc tp tin m khng phi m ho v gii
m d liu. Nu mun nh km v gi mt tp tin ho hay bn bng chng
trnh e- mail no , tp tin phi c m ho. Nu cng ni cho mail pha nhn
gii hn di ca thng ip e-mail, n s ct nh tp tin v gi tng mu, bt
ngi nhn sau phi ni li mt cch th cng.
Nhanh. V bn gi trc tip bng FTP nn s khng cn n nhng bc x l
"nng n" ca cc ng dng thng ip, thng phi c thc hin nh khi bn
gi tp tin nh km vo thng ip e-mail.
n gin. Tt c nhng g bn phi c ch l PC c modem, trnh duyt Web v
ng in thoi. Khi ng vic truyn FTP ngay trong trnh duyt mt cch d
dng bng cch g http:// v tip theo l a ch Web.
Tin cy. ng in thoi b nhiu? Khng thnh vn . Khi my tnh pha nhn
theo giao thc FTP lp rp tp tin theo s hiu ca tng gi tin, n s kim tra xem
nhng gi tin no b mt v trong trng hp c mt mt, n s pht tn hiu cho
bn gi gi li

Chn nh cung cp dch v Internet

Nhng bc n gin tm nh cung cp dch v Internet

NHNG KIN THC C BN V INTERNET

Nh cung cp dch v Internet (ISP - Internet Service Provider) s l ngi

bn ng ca bn trong sut qu trnh kt ni Internet, iu ny rt quan
trng v cng ty bn chn s tr gip v a bn qua cc tr ngi.
Gi c
Hu ht cc ISP tnh cc ph truy nhp, mt s khc th cung cp min
ph. Cng c loi tng gim tu theo yu cu s dng. Mt s li tnh tin
theo lng thng tin truy cp (tnh theo tng megabyte). Nu vy bn c
th b t nu thng xuyn ti cc file kch thc ln v truy cp v s
cc trang khc nhau cho d bn khng c ht chng. C ISP cho ng k
v ci t min ph v ch ly thm tin nu bn to thm cc trang Web
vt qu dung lng cho php. Vi ISP cn cung cp c cc dch v h
tr k thut.
a s cc bn mong mun s dng email v tham gia cc nhm tin (news
group), bn c th lm vic ngoi tuyn (off-line) v nu thu theo hng gi
bn s thy gi loi ny l chp nhn c.
Nu bn ngh l s thc t ti n sng vi cc thnh vin cu lc b
games, ni v tr X-Files trong hng gi hay mt c chc ting ng h
tm kim nhng ngi bn cng s thch, nhng cng vic i hi bn lm
vic trc tuyn (on-line), th thu bao theo cc ph hng thng l c th
chp nhn c.
Cht lng
Mt s my tnh trn Internet c ng truyn ln hn cc my khc. My
cng nhanh hiu qu truyn cng cao, v my cng gn vi trung tm
(core) hay sng sng (backbone) ca mng cng tt. V d, mt ISP vi
tuyn thng n M s t c hiu qu truyn cao vi cc site ca M.
Khi c s lng ln ngi cng truy cp vo mt a ch v ti cc thng
tin th hiu sut truyn cng b gim. V d, 100 ngi truy cp qua mt
ng 64Kps s lm vic tt hn 500 ngi trn mt ng128Kps.

NHNG KIN THC C BN V INTERNET

10

Bt u thi
Khi bn quay s n ISP th cn c mt modem u kia bn lin lc.
Nu ISP c qu nhiu ngi dng v khng modem, bn thng nhn
c tn hiu bn v bn phi quay s li. Vic ny rt gy kh chu, v vy
hy hi ISP v modem ca h trc khi bn la chn.
1. Receive data: n ny s sng khi bn ang download thng tin.
2. Carrier detect: nu n ny tt, modem ca bn khng tm thy ISP
hoc bn ngng kt ni.
3. Off hook: n ny sng khi modem tng tc ng in thoi.
4. Terminal ready: n sng ch ra rng modem bn ang sn sng thc
hin.
Send data: n sng khi gi hay ti ln thng tin.
Phn tch mt modem
T l ngi dng. Mt t l chp nhn c l khong 1:15 nhng di
1:10 th s tt hn.
Mt ISP cng cn phi gi my ca h lun lun trng thi trc tuyn.
Him khi ta nghe thy: mt ISP c th ngng hot ng trong vi gi hoc
thit b gp li lm cho bn khng th ng nhp vo mng. Tht kh m
bit c t l ISP gp li tr khi bn s dng c mt thi gian. Nu
c th bn hy hi nhng ngi dng lu nm ISP v kinh nghim
ca h.
Mt khu
Hu ht cc mt khu Internet m cc bn nhn c gi l PPP account
(Point-to-Point Protocol). Nhng account ny c ngi mi v a s
ngi dng quen bit. Kiu account ny cho php bn s dng a s cc
dch v bn mun trn mng.

NHNG KIN THC C BN V INTERNET

11

H tr khch hng
Hu ht cc ISP sn sng h tr khch hng ngay t u nh l mt phn
ca vic ci t v ng k min ph. D vy mt s ISP ch dnh cho
ngi dng nhiu kinh nghim v vy bn cn phi chc chn ISP s h
tr. ng thi thi lng h tr v khi no h tr l min ph v khi no
phi tr tin.
V tr
Quan trng nht, trnh phi tr cc ph ng di, hy chn mt ISP
trong khu vc ca bn.
Chn mt ISP ph hp vi yu cu ca bn v em li hiu qu cao nht
vi s tin b ra. ISP c th cung cp mt b phn mm bn t ci t
v ni vo mng. Nu khng hoc bn gp kh khn g th c th copy trn
mng hay hi chng ti i-today@vasc.vnn.vn nhng thc mc ca bn.
Hy chc chn l bn c th lin lc c vi ISP trong vng mt thng
bt u. c vy, nu c gp rc ri, bn c th i dch v. Nh rng,
tc truy cp Internet ca bn ph thuc vo ISP.
Th in t l g
S dng Email tht tin li
Email l phng php in t gi mt bc th, n c nhng u th c
bit - bn c th gi n bt c lc no trong ngy m khng cn phi ri
khi nh hay phng lm vic v n s c a ti hp th ngi nhn
trong vi pht sau .
s dng email, bn cn phn mm gi l email client. Cc chng trnh
email client cho PC ph bin hin nay l Qualcomm Eudora v Pegasus
Mail cn cho my Macintosh l Qualcomm Eudora v Claris Emailer. Bn
cng c th dng cc chng trnh i km vi trnh duyt nh Outlook
Express, hay Compose. Nu bn ang dng cc phin bn c th hy ti
v mt chng trnh mi nht t trn Internet.

NHNG KIN THC C BN V INTERNET

12

Kin thc v e-mail

a ch email ca bn thng gm tn, theo sau l @, v tip theo l tn
min ca nh cung cp dch v Internet ca bn. V d nu tn bn l
Qunh, nh cung cp dch v internet ca bn l VDC c tn min l
vol.vnn.vn, a ch ca bn s l n_quynh@vol.vnn.vn. Vol.vnn l tn ISP
cn vn l m quc gia Vit Nam. Cc nc trn th gii u c m quc
gia nh uk c ngha l United Kingdom (nc Anh), cn (China)ch Trung
Quc. Ring M th h t dng, a ch ca h s khng c m quc gia.
Gi v nhn th in t
gi v nhn th in t bn cn khi ng chng trnh email client
trong my tnh. a s cc chng trnh email u c file help gip bn.

Bn phi hi ISP mt vi thng s nh POP account v my phc v email

(email (SMTP) server) nu bn cha c bit lc ni mng.
SMTP (Simple MailTransfer Protocol - giao thc truyn th n gin) dng
truyn th gia cc my phc v trn Internet. Khi mt th c gi
cho bn n s c lu trn my phc v cho n khi c bn c. a
ch ca my phc v SMTP thng l tn vng i sau t "email". V d
nh, email vol.vnn.vn.

NHNG KIN THC C BN V INTERNET

13

Chng trnh th ca bn phi dng POP (Post Office Protocol ) hoc

IMAP(Internet MailAccess Protocol - Giao thc truy cp th in t
Internet) truyn thng bo t my phc v n my ca bn. POP
account ca bn thng trng vi a ch email.
1. Tiu ca thng ip "To" v "From" l kh r rng. "Cc" c ngha l
giy than (carbon copy) Joe s bit l John nhn mt bn copy. "Bcc"
vit tt ca Blind Carbon CopyJoe khng bit ci th ny John cng
nhn c. File nh km l mt vn bn chun, c vit bng mt
chng trnh x l vn bn.
2. kim tra email, bn phi in vo chng trnh ca bn mt s
thng tin.
3. y l ni dung (body) ca thng ip.
4. Bn c th to mt s danh mc (folder) trong chng trnh email. N
c bit thun tin cho vic tch ring cc tho lun v ti chnh khi
cc li khuyn v cy phong lan m yu thch.
5. Hu ht cc th in t u c ch k (signature).
Hy nhp a ch email tht vo ch ny.

Web l g
World Wide Web khng ch l mt tp ch in t khng l vi nhiu trang
c cha cc my tnh khc nhau trn khp th gii, vi www bn c
th lm c nhiu vic hn l ch c thng tin nh mt tp ch thng
thng. truy cp vo WWW bn cn mt chng trnh gi l trnh
duyt web (Web browsers). Hai trnh duyt web thng dng nht l
Netscape Navigator v Microsoft Internet Explorer. Nu nh cung cp dch
v Internet (ISP Internet Service Provider) ca bn cung cp cho bn mt
phin bn c bn c th t download phin bn mi nht t Internet

NHNG KIN THC C BN V INTERNET

14

Hy khai thc mt trang Web

vo mt trong v s cc trang ca tp ch in t ny bn cn phi khi
ng trnh duyt v nhp vo a ch ca trang Web. Tt c cc ti nguyn
trn Internet u c URL (Uniform Resource Locator, mt xu k t c nh
dng xc nh vng ti nguyn) hoc a ch (address). V d nh:
http://www.fake.com/directory/index.html
Http l vit tt ca HyperText Transfer Protocol( Giao thc truyn siu vn
bn). N thng bo cho trnh duyt ca bn y l mt ti liu Web v trnh
duyt s dng giao thc truyn siu vn bn truy xut thng tin.
Tip theo l cm t (WWW.fake.com) tn vng ca my ch m bn ang
thm. chnh l a ch ca my tnh cha thng tin. Tn vng l xc
nh nn chng ta c th nh a ch cc my tnh trn mng mt cch d
dng. Thc t a ch l mt lot cc ch s v my tnh phi tm trong mt
danh sch ln cc a ch v tm ra a ch khp vi n. Mi t theo sau
tn vng u l ng dn n th mc v file m trnh duyt cn truy
nhp.
S dng mt trnh duyt
Khi bt u m trnh duyt Web s t ng ni n homepage (trang Web
chnh) ca nh sn xut trnh duyt. V d nh, Netscape Navigator s t
ng np trang ch Netscape. T trang c np bn thy nhng
thnh phn c bn ca mt trang Web nh l vn bn, hnh nh, v mt
vi t vi nhng mu sc khc nhau. Nhng t c mu khc ny thng
l nhng lin kt (hyper links) n cc trang khc. Nu bn nhn chut mt
trang mi tng ng vi lin kt s c np.
Trong mt vi trng hp, khi bn nhn mt lin kt c th l bn ang
download mt file no , khi phi bn tm nu bn mun dng bt k
mt cng vic no hy nhn nt Stop hoc phm Esc.
C mt s hnh nh m khi n vo bn s c ni n mt a ch khc
ging nh l nhng cm t i mu trn.
Ci to cho bn cm gic lt trn Web chnh l lin kt t trang ny sang
trang khc, t lin kt ny n lin kt khc. Bn s c cc cuc phiu lu

NHNG KIN THC C BN V INTERNET

15

bt tn trn Web, n lin tip nhng trang mi, nu mun quay li mt

tran qua bn ch cn nhn nt Back (hu ht mi trnh duyt u c
chc nng ny) hoc bn cng c th ti nhiu trang cng mt lc.
1. Nt Home dng a bn v trang u, bn c th t t trang ny
theo s thch.
2. y l mt lin kt, nhn vo bn s c a ti mt trang khc. Cc
lin kt ny thng c mu khc vi mu ca phn vn bn khc. Khi
a chut n dng ny con tr ca bn s i thnh hnh khc. Mt
lin kt c n s c mu khc vi mu ban u ca n, iu ny
gip bn nhn bit nhng trang no bn xem.
3. y chnh l ni bn in a ch ca trang Web m bn mun thm.
4. Navigation bar (thanh iu hng) c thit k gip bn chn
nhanh mt s trang Web m ch cn nhn nt. Trn thanh c nhiu
phn khc nhau tng ng vi cc a ch.
5. Cn y l cc hnh nh lin kt, cng ch cn nhn chut vo bn s
ti nhng phn khc trong site ny.
Ci kho mc cho bn bit rng site ny l an ton, nu n m, bn ng
gi nhng thng tin v th tn dng ca bn.