4.

Bi tp tnh kt qu chun theo nh lut hp thc hoc quy tc ng

lng:
4.1.Bi tp c li gii:
Bi 1: [5, bi 193, trang 38 ]
Tnh chnh xc nng dung dch NaOH bit rng khi chun 100ml dung
dch ny n mt mu phenolphtalein (pT = 8) th phi dng 48,00ml HCl 5,00.10 -3
M.
Gii:
Gi l nng gn ng ca NaOH.
Ta c: CN( HCl) = CM (HCl)
CN (NaOH) = CM(HCl)
Phn ng chun :
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
Theo quy tc ng lng ta c:
S ng lng gam NaOH = S ng lng gam HCl
C 0'V 0 CV
CV 48.5.103
2, 4.103 ( N )
C 0' 0
V
100

Sai s chun :
W C C0
S (h )
h CC 0

Thay s ta c:
S (108 106 ).

3
5.103 2, 4.103
6 7, 4.10

10
.
6, 2.104
5.103.2, 4.103
1, 2.105

Nng chnh xc ca NaOH l:

Ccxo C 0' S .C 0' 2, 4.10 3 ( 6, 2.10 4.2, 4.10 3 ) 2, 4015.10 3 ( M )

Cch 2: Tnh theo phng trnh trung ha in

H OH
Na Cl

0 0
W CV
CV
h

0
0
h V V
V V 0

Vi pT = 8 h = 10-8
V = 48ml; V0 = 100ml; C = 5.10-3M
Thay s vo ta c:
108

1014 C 0 .100 5.103.48

0
106 100 48 100 48

Gii phng trnh trn ta c: C0 = 2,4015.10-3M.

Bi 2: [5, bi 202, trang 40 ]

Thm 20,00ml dung dch HCl 0,0100M vo 100,00ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2.
Chun hn hp ny bng dung dch NaOH 0,0200M dng phenolphtalein lm
ch th (pT = 9), th phi dng ht 8,00ml dung dch NaOH.
a) Tnh chnh xc nng dung dch Ba(OH)2.
b) C th chun trc tip dung dch Ba(OH) 2 trn bng HCl 0,01M dng
metyl lm ch th c khng? (sai s khng vt qu 0,1%)
Gii:
a) Ta c:
CN (NaOH) = CM (NaOH)
CN (HCl) = CM (HCl)
CN (Ba(OH)2) = 2CM (Ba(OH)2)= C20'
Phn ng trong hn hp:
2HCl + Ba(OH)2 BaCl2 + 2H2O
Phn ng chun :
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Theo quy tc ng lng ta c:
S ng lng gam HCl = S ng lng gam NaOH + S ng lng gam
Ba(OH)2
S ng lng gam Ba(OH)2 = S ng lng gam HCl - S ng lng
gam NaOH
C20' .100 0, 01.20 0, 02.8

1000
1000
1000
0,
01.20

0,
02.8
C20'
4.104 ( N )
100

Nng gn ng ca Ba(OH)2:
1
1
C20'M .C20' .4.104 2.104 ( M )
2
2

Tnh chnh xc nng ca Ba(OH)2:

Theo phng trnh trung ha in:
H OH
2 Ba
2 Cl Na 0
100.2.CM0 20.0, 01 0, 02.8
9
5
10 10

0
128
128
128
0
CM
0, 02064.10 4 ( M )

b) S

'
CHCl

CBa (OH )2

do pT = 5 nn dng sau tng ng, d HCl

Mc khng: H2O, HCl d, BaCl2.

iu kin proton:
'
H
OH
CHCl
'

CHCl
H OH

Sai s chun :
S (h

4
W 2C 0 C
102
5
9 4.10
)

(10

10
)
0, 03
h 2C 0C
4.104.102

S= 3% > 0,1% nn khng th dng metyl c.

Bi 3: [5, bi 228, trang 44]
Thm 50,00ml H2SO4 vo 50,00ml NH3, pH ca hn hp thu c bng 10,00.
Nu chun hn hp thu c bng HCl n xut hin mu hng ca metyl
(pT = 5,00) th cn 10,00ml HCl 0,1100M. Hy tnh nng mol/l ca H 2SO4 v
9,24
NH3. Cho bit K NH 10 , H2SO4 c K2 = 102
Gii:
Phn ng trn:
2NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4
Phn ng chun :
NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
Cch 1:
Sau khi trn cn d NH 3 (pH = 10) nn chun NH 3 bng HCl. Tnh nng
NH3 cn d ( C20' )
S ng lng gam NH3 d = S ng lng gam HCl

C20' .100 10.0,11

1000
1000
10.0,11
C20'
0, 011( N ) CM
100
- Khi trn 50 ml H2SO4 C10 vi 50 ml NH3 C20 dung dch c pH = 10, thnh phn

ca dung dch gm: (NH4)2SO4, NH3 d.

Cc qu trnh xy ra trong h:

NH 4 2 SO4 2 NH 4 SO42

9,24
NH 4
NH 3 H , K NH 10

(1)

1
4,76
NH 3 H 2O
(2)
NH 4 OH , W.K NH 10
4

1
2
SO H
HSO4 , K 2 10
2
4

(3)

H 2O
H OH , W

(4)
V mi trng kim (pH = 10) nn b qua cc cn bng (1), (3), (4) v da vo
cn bng (2) tnh:
1
W.K NH
104,76
NH 3
H 2O
NH 4 +

OH
+
C20'
C'
C
C20' - 10-4

C ' + 10-4
10-4
Theo nh lut tc dng khi lng ta c:

(C ' 104 ).10 4

104,76
C20' 104

C ' 104,76.

0, 011 104
10 4 1,80.10 3 ( M )
104

1
C'
CSO 2 .CNH ( sau khi trn)
4
4
2
2

Trc khi chun :

C'
C C
.2 C ' 1,8.103 M
2
0
2
C2 2,56.10 M
0
1

0
H 2 SO4

Cch 2:
pH = 10, sau khi trn dung dch c thnh phn NH 4 , SO42 , NH 3 , H 2O .
p dng phng trnh trung ha in.
H OH
NH
4 HSO
4 2 SO42 0

Thay cc gi tr ta c:
1010 104

C20 .50
h
C 0 .50 h 2 K 2'
.
1
.
0
100 K NH h 100 h K 2'
4

V h << W/ h nn:
C20 .
1010
C10 . 1010 2.102
. 9,24

.
0 (5)
2 10
1010
2 1010 102
pH = 5, sau khi chun dung dch gm H 2O , NH 4 , SO42 , HSO4 , Cl .

104

Phng trnh trung ha in:

H OH
NH
4 HSO
4 2 SO 42 Cl 0

Thay cc gi tr vo ta c:
105 109

C20 .50
h
C 0 .50 h 2 K 2' 0,11.10
.
1
.

0
110 K NH .h 110 K 2' h
110
4

V h>> W/h nn :
105

C20 .50
h
C 0 .50 h 2 K 2' 0,11.10
.
1
.

0 (6)
110 K NH .h 110 K 2' h
110
4

Gii (5) v (6) ta c:

C10' 1,8.103 M
C20 2,56.102 M

Bi 4: [5, bi 258, trang 50 ]

Trn 50ml dung dch H3PO4 vi 100ml dung dch A cha NaH2PO4 v K2HPO4
c tng nng 0,0500M. Chun 50,00ml hn hp thu c n i mu metyl
da cam (pT=4,4) th cn 10,00ml NaOH 0,0500M. Nu dng phenolphtalein
(pT=10) th cn 32,00ml NaOH trung ha 25,00ml hn hp.
Tnh nng mol/l ca cc cht trc khi trn.

Gii:
Gi C10 (M) l nng ca H3PO4 trc khi trn.
C20 (M) l nng ca NaH2PO4 trc khi trn.
C30 (M) l nng ca K2HPO4 trc khi trn.
Phn ng trn:
H 3 PO4 HPO42 2 H 2 PO4

Sau khi trn th H3PO4 cn d c nng l C01'

Phn ng chun dng phenolphtalein( pT=10) (2)
H 3 PO4 NaOH NaH 2 PO4 H 2O
H 2 PO4 OH HPO42 H 2O

Chun 2 nc ca H3PO4.
Phn ng chun dng metyl da cam(pT=4,4) ch c H3PO4 b chun :
H 3 PO4 NaOH NaH 2 PO4 H 2O

S ng lng gam H3PO4(d) = S ng lng gam NaOH

50.C10' 10.0, 05

1000
1000
10.0, 05
C10'
0, 01M
50
C N0 2CM , C01' 0, 02 N

T php chun (2)(pT=10)

S ng lng gam NaOH = S ng lng gam H3PO4(d) + S ng
lng gam H 2 PO4
32.0, 05 25.0, 02 25(C20' 2C30' )

1000
1000
C20' 2C30'

32.0, 05 25.0, 02
4, 4.102 ( M ) 1
25

C20 2C30 4, 4.102.

150
6, 6.10 2 ( M )(2)
100

Gii h phng trnh:

C20 2C30 6, 6.102
C20 C30 5.102

Ta c:
0
C NaH
C20 3, 4.102 ( M )
2 PO4

CK0 2 HPO4 C30 1, 6.102 ( M )

C30' l nng ca H3PO4 phn ng vi K2HPO4 trong hn hp( 150ml)

C30'

1, 6.102.100
1, 067.102 ( M )
150

Tng s nng H3PO4 l:

C10 C10' C30' 0, 01 1, 067.10 2 2, 067.102 ( M )

Vy: C10 CH PO
3

2, 067.102.150
6, 2.102 ( M )
50

Bi 5: [5, bi 266, trang 52]

Ha tan 1,81g 1 cht phn tch c th l K2CO3 hoc Na2CO3 khan, thm nc
n 100ml. Chun 25ml dung dch thu c( dng phenolphtalein lm ch th)
ht 15,70ml HCl 0,2065M.
a) Hy xc nh cng thc ca mui v tinh khit ca n.
b)Nu trong php chun trn dng H2SO4 0,200M thay cho HCl v nu dng
metyl da cam lm ch th( pT= 4,00) th phi dng bao nhiu ml H2SO4?
Gii:
V dng phenolphtalein nn ch chun nc 1 ca CO32
Phn ng chun :

CO32 H
HCO3 , C N CM

Theo quy tc ng lng ta c:

S ng lng gam CO32 = S ng lng gam HCl
C 0 .25 15, 7.0, 2065

1000
1000
0
CM0 CCO
2
3

15, 7.0, 2065

0,1297 M
25

S ng lng mui trong 100ml:

0,1297.100
0, 01297 = s phn t gam
1000

Tnh gn ng phn t gam ca mui:

1,81
139, 6
0, 01297
Ta bit: M K2CO3 138, M Na2CO3 106
M

Vy mui l K2CO3 v c phn t gam gn vi phn t gam ca mui ny.

0,1297.135
.100 1, 789( g )
1000
1, 789
tinh khit: 1,81 .100 98,89%

S gam K2CO3 l:

b) Phn ng chun :
K2CO3 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + H2CO3
Dng mtyl da cam (pT=4) nn chun hai nc ca K2CO3 ( CN = 2CM)

Theo quy tc ng lng ta c:

S ng lng gam K2CO3 = S ng lng gam H2SO4
25.0,1297.2 0, 2.2.V

1000
1000
25.0,1297.2
VH 2 SO4
16, 21ml
0, 2.2

Bi 6: [5, bi 268, trang 53]

Ha tan 2g mu NaHCO3 ln Na2CO3 v tp cht tr ri pha long thnh 100ml
(dung dch A). Chun 25,00ml dung dch ny (dng metyl da cam lm ch th)
ht 28,00ml HCl 0,200M. Mt khc thm 50,00ml dung dch NaOH vo 25,00ml
dung dch A v sau thm dung dch BaCl 2 d. Lc b kt ta, chun nc lc
ht 25,00ml dung dch HCl 0,200M. Bit rng chun 25,00ml dung dch
NaOH phi dng 21,00ml dung dch HCl 0,2000N.
a)Tnh hm lng phn trm NaHCO3 v Na2CO3 trong mu phn tch.
b)Tnh pH ca dung dch A.
c)Trong php chun 25ml dung dch A bng HCl 0,2N n mt mu
phenolphtalein th th tch dung dch HCl bng bao nhiu?
Gii:
a)Chun ln 1:
Dng metyl da cam: pT=4 nn chun 2 nc: CO32 , HCO3
Phn ng chun :

CO32 H
HCO3

HCO3 H
H 2CO3

Theo quy tc ng lng ta c:

S ng lng gam HCl = S ng lng gam Na 2CO3 + S ng lng
gam NaHCO3
28.0, 2 25.C20 25C10

1000
1000
25(C10 C20 ) 5, 6( I )

Phn ng trn:
NaOH + NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O (1)
Na2CO3 + BaCl2 BaCO3 +2 NaCl (2)
Phn ng chun 2:
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
(3)
( do NaOH cn d sau khi phn ng vi NaHCO3)
T (1) v (3) ta c:

S ng lng gam NaOH = S ng lng gam NaHCO 3 + S ng

lng gam HCl
S ng lng gam NaHCO 3= S ng lng gam NaOH S ng
lng gam HCl.
C10 .25 COH .50 25.0, 2

1000
1000
21.0, 2
0,168( M )
25
0,168.50 25.0, 2
0,136( M )
Vy: C10 CNaHCO3
25
5, 6
0,136 0, 088( N )
T (I) : C20 CNa2CO3
25
C
0, 088
CM N
0, 044( M )
2
2

M: CNaOH

Thnh phn % :
0,136.84.100.100
57,12%
2, 0.1000
0, 044.106.100
% Na2CO3
.100 23,32%
2.1000
% NaHCO3

b) Dung dch A c cha NaHCO3 v Na2CO3 c cc cn bng sau:

2
10,33
HCO3
H CO3 , K 2 10
(1)

1
3,65
CO32 H 2O
HCO3 OH , W.K1 10
(2)

H 2O
H OH , W (3)

Tnh s b H :

h K2 .

Ca
0,136
1010,33.
1, 44.1010 10 7
Cb
0, 044

Tnh pH theo cn bng (2) v W.K11 103,65 >> W.

CO32 +

C C20

H 2O

HCO3 +

1
3,65
OH , W.K1 10

C10

C20 - x

C10 + x

Theo nh lut tc dng khi lng ta c:

x(C10 x )
103,65 , gi s x<< C02
0
C2 x

C0
0,136
x OH 103,65. 20 103,65.
104,14 ( M )
C
0, 044
1

h 10

9,86

(M )

pH 9,86

c) Dng phenolphtalein lm ch th, pT=8 chun nc 1 ca Na 2CO3 cn

HCO3 khng b chun .
Na2CO3 + HCl

NaCl
+
NaHCO3
S ng lng gam Na2CO3 = S ng lng gam HCl

VHCl

25.C20 V .0, 2

1000 1000
25.0, 044

5,5(ml )
0, 2

Bi tp c p s:
Bi 1: [5, bi 192, trang 38]
Chun 50,00ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 bng dung dch HCl 0,0200M n i
mu metyl (pT = 5) th phi dng ht 35,00ml HCl. Tnh chnh xc nng
mol/l ca dung dch Ba(OH)2.
p s: 6,992.10-3M
Bi 2: [5, bi 194, trang 39]
Chun 100ml dung dch HCl bng dung dch NaOH 1,00.10 -2N. Khi thm
45,00ml NaOH th pH ca dung dch thu c bng 5,00. Tnh nng ca dung
dch HCl.
p s: 4,515.10-3M
Bi 3: [5, bi 196, trang 39]
Chun 100ml dung dch HSCN bng dung dch NaOH 1,000.10 -3M n i
mu metyl (pT = 6) th phi dng 20,00ml NaOH. Tnh chnh xc nng dung
dch HSCN.
p s: 2,014.10-4M
Bi 4: [5, bi 203, trang 40]
Thm 40,00ml dung dch HCl vo 50,00ml dung dch NaOH th pH ca dung
dch thu c bng 10,00. Nu thm tip 5,00ml HCl na th pH bng 3,00.
a) Tnh nng ca HCl v NaOH.
b) Tnh th tch HCl phi cho vo dung dch trn lm mt mu
phenolphtalein ( pT = 8,00)
p s:
a) CHCl = 0,0208 M; CNaOH = 0,0168M
b) VHCl = 40,385ml

Bi 5: [ 5, bi 219, trang 43]

Nu thm 25,00ml dung dch NaOH 0,1000N vo 50,00ml dung dch axit HA
th pH ca hn hp thu c bng 4,76. Nu chun 25,00m axit trn n pH =
10,00 th phi dng 50,10ml NaOH. Hy tnh nng v hng s cn bng ca axit
trn.
p s: C = 0,20M; K = 5,8.10-6
Bi 6: [5, bi 329, trang 61]
Cn thm bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 0,1M vo 50ml dung dch hn hp
NaOH 0,1M v Na3PO4 0,1M pH ca dung dch thu c bng:
a) 9,00.
b) 4,00
p s:
a) 100,80 ml
b) 150,66ml
Bi 7: [ 9, bi 332, trang 61]
a)Cn ly bao nhiu ml dung dch H2SO4 0,1M thm vo lng cn 0,1517g
Na3PO4 chun ngc axit d (theo metyl da cam) cn dng 18,50ml NaOH
0,1500M
b)Thm 40,00ml dung dch H2SO4 0,1200M vo 2milimol Na2CO3 tinh khit.
Sau khi un si, ngui, dung dch c chun bng dung dch chun NaOH,
th ht 22,40ml NaOH. Tnh nng ca dung dch chun .
c) Cn 0,1085g CaCO3, em ha tan trong 50,00ml dung dch HCl c chun
theo Ca l 0,002004g/ml. Hi phi thm bao nhiu ml NaOH 0,1054M vo trung
ha lng axit d.
p s:
a) 23,18ml H2SO4
b) 0,2500M
c) 26,83ml NaOH.
Bi 8: [5, bi 263, trang 52]
Thm 20,00ml Na2CO3 0,0500M vo 25,00ml dung dch A cha NaOH v
Ca(OH)2. Lc b kt ta, chun nc lc n mt mu phenolphtalein ht
27,50ml HCl 0,1000N. Chun tip hn hp n mu hng ca metyl da cam ht
7,50ml HCl na.
Tnh nng NaOH v Ca(OH)2.
p s: CNaOH 0, 0598M ; CCa (OH ) 0, 00968M
Bi 9: [8, v d trang 32]
2

Chun 100ml HCl bng NaOH 0,1M c 20% s mol hp th CO 2, dng

phenolphtalein lm ch th (pT = 9,00) ht 50,05ml NaOH.
a) Tnh chnh xc nng HCl nu coi NaOH hon ton nguyn cht.
b) Tnh chnh xc nng HCl c k n s hp th CO2 ca NaOH.
c) Nu dng metyl da cam lm ch th (pT = 4,4) th th tch NaOH tiu th l
bao nhiu?
p s:
a) CHCl = 0,05003 M
b) CHCl = 0,04482M
c) VNaOH = 44,81ml
Bi 10: [5, bi 274, trang 55]
Cho khng kh c SO2 i qua bnh ra c cha 75ml dung dch H2O2 1% vi tc
15l/pht. y, kh SO2 b oxi ha bi H2O2 thnh axit sunfuric. Sau 20 pht
chun H2SO4 to thnh ht 22,2ml NaOH 0,00102M. Hy tnh thnh phn % th
tch SO2 trong khng kh, cho bit khi lng ring ca SO2 l 0,00285g/ml. (Th
tch SO2 v khng kh o cng iu kin).
p s: 8,47.10-5%.
Bi 11: [5, bi 205, trang 40]
Nu chun 50,00ml dung dch HCl bng dung dch NaOH n i mu
phenolphtalein (pT = 9,0) th phi dng 25,00ml NaOH. Nu chun n xut
hin mu vng ca metyl da cam (pT = 4,4) th phi dng 24,50ml NaOH.
Tnh nng HCl v NaOH.
p s: CHCl = 0,0037M ; CNaOH = 7,43.10-3M
Bi 12: [5, bi 242, trang 47]
Chun 50,00ml dung dch Na3PO4 bng dung dch HCl 1M n mt mu
phenolphtalein (pT = 8) th ht 10,00ml HCl.
a)Tnh nng mol/l ca Na3PO4.
b)Tnh s ml HCl cn c chun 50,00ml dung dch Na3PO4 trn n mu
hng ca metyl da cam(pT=4,00) (tnh gn ng v tnh chnh xc).
Bit axit H3PO4 c K1 = 10-2,15; K2= 10-7,21; K3= 10-12,32
p s:
a) CNa PO 0,182( M )
b) V = 19,84ml.
Bi 13: [5, bi 235, trang 44]
un si 1,000g mt mu mui amoni th vi lng d NaOH. Ton b kh NH 3
bay ra c hp th ht trong 50,00ml HCl 0,500M. Lng HCl tha c chun
vi 15,60ml NaOH 0,0500M.
a) Tnh hm lng % ca NH3 c trong mui amoni.
b) C th dng cht g lm cht ch th trong php chun trn.
p s: a) 41,17%
4

b) Chn metyl da cam lm ch th c pT = 4,4 hoc metyl c pT = 5

lm ch th.