BC U LM VIC VI MATLAB

Gii thiu
MATLAB l mt b chng trnh phn mm ln dnh cho tnh tan k thut. ta c th dng
MATLAB :
Tnh tan.
Pht trin thut tan.
Thu thp d liu.
M hnh v m phng.
Phn tch d liu.
V th.
Giao din ha.
MATLAB l tn vit tt t MATrix LABoratory. Nh tn ca phn mm cho thy, phn ct li
ca phn mm l d liu c lu di dng array (ma trn) v cc php tnh tan ma trn, gip
vic tnh tan trong MATLAB nhanh v thun tin hn so vi lp trnh trong C hay FORTRAN.
c bit, kh nng tnh tan ca MATLAB c th d dng c m rng thng qua cc b toolbox.
Toolbox l tp hp cc hm MATLAB (M-file) gip gii quyt mt bi tan c th.
MATLAB gm 5 phn chnh:
Development Environment: l mt b cc cng c gip ta s dng cc hm v tp tin ca
MATLAB. N bao gm: MATLAB desktop, Command Window, a command history, an
editor, debugger, browsers for viewing help, the workspace, files, the search path.
MATLAB Mathematical Function Library: tp hp cc hm tan hc nh sum, sine, s hc,
v.v.
MATLAB Language (scritp): ngn ng lp trnh bc cao.
Graphics: cc cng c gip hin th d liu di dng th. Ngai ra n cn cho php xy
dng giao din ha.
MATLAB Application Program Interface (API): b th vin cho php ta s dng cc hc
nng tnh tan ca MATLAB trong chng trnh C hay FORTRAN.
Giao din
Command Window: y l ca s lm vic chnh ca MATLAB. Ti y ta thc hin tan b vic
nhp d liu v xut kt qu tnh tan. Du nhy >> bo hiu chng trnh sn sng cho vic nhp
d liu. Ta kt thc vic nhp d liu bng cch nhn phm Enter. MATLAB s thc thi dng lnh
m ta nhp vo Command Window v tr kt qu trong Command Window.
Command History: Lu li tt c cc lnh m ta nhp vo trong Command Window. Ta c th
xem li tt c cc lnh bng cch dng scroll bar, hay thc hin li lnh bng cch nhp kp ln
dng lnh. Ngai ra ta cn c th cut, paste, delete cc lnh.
Workspace browser: trong MATLAB cc d liu c lu trong bin. Workspace browser lit k
tt c cc bin m ta ang s dng trong MATLAB. N cung cp thng tin v kch thc, loi d
liu. Ta c th truy cp trc tip vo d liu bng cch nhn kp vo bin hin th Array editor.
Launch pad: cho php ngi dng truy cp nhanh vo cc b Toolbox, phn Help.
Editor: dng san tho v debug cc M-file ca MATLAB.
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Current Directory Browser: xem cc file trong th mc hin hnh.

Hnh 1. MATLAB desktop

Hnh 2. MATLAB preference dialog

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Hnh 3. m-file editor

Mt s thao tc c bn trong MATLAB
Trong MATLAB, thanh trnh n thay i ty theo ca s m ta la chn. Tuy vy cc trnh n
File, Desktop, Window, Help c mt hu ht trong cc thanh trnh n.
Trnh n File:
New: to mt i tng mi (bin, m-file, figure, model, GUI).
Open: m mt file theo nh dng ca MATLAB (*.m, *.mat, *.mdl)
Import data: nhp d liu t cc file khc vo MATLAB.
Save workspace: lu cc bin trong MATLAB vo file *.mat.
Set path: khai bo cc ng dn ca cc th mc cha cc m-file.
Preferences: thay i cc nh dng v font, font size, color cng nh cc ty chn cho
Editor, Command Window v.v.
Page Setup: nh dng trang in.
Print: in.
Trnh n Desktop:
Desktop layout: sp xp cc ca s trong giao din.
Save layout: lu cch sp xp ca s.
Trnh n Window dng kch hat (activate) ca s.

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Nt Start cung cp shortcut ti cc cng c trong MATLAB

Bin
Tn ca bin:
c th cha ti 31 k t.
phn bit ch hoa v thng.
c th cha gch thp _
bt u bng ch ci.
MATLAB khng yu cu ta phi khai bo kch thc ca bin. to mt bin mi ta ch cn g
tn bin, du bng v gi tr gn cho bin. Nu bin tn ti trong MATLAB, gi tr ca n s
c thay i.
V d:
>> variable_1=25;
Nu ta ch nhp tn bin, gi tr ca bin s hin th trong Command Window
V d:
>>variable_1
25
>>
Lu rng trong MATLAB nu ta kt thc cu lnh bng du ; th Command Window s khng
hin th kt qu tnh tan ra mn hnh.
V d:
>> variable_1;
>>
hin th cc cu lnh nhp trc vo Command Window ta c th dng phm Arrow.
Mt s tn bin c dnh ring cho MATLAB:
pi: s pi.
i, j: s o.
inf: v cng.
NaN: khng phi l s.
Tan t
Cc tan t c bn :
+ : cng.
- : tr.
* : nhn.
/ : chia.
\ :chia bn tri (dng cho ma trn).
^ : ly tha.
: han v.
( ) (du ngoc): th t u tin tnh tan.
Hm

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Chng trnh MATLAB cung cp mt tp hp rt ln cc hm tan hc :

Hm tan s cp (elemetary functions): nh sin, cos, tan, atan, log, log10, exp, sqrt, round,
ceil, floor, sum,min, max, mean, abs.
Hm tan chuyn dng: nh besselj (Bessel function of the first kind), bessely (Bessel
function of the second kind), beta (Beta function),erf (Error function),gamma (Gamma
function), primes (Generate list of prime numbers), cart2sph (Transform Cartesian to
spherical coordinates) v.v.
Hm chuyn dng cho ma trn.
Lu :
xem cc danh sch cc hm m MATLAB cung cp ta dng lnh: help elfun, help
specfun, help elmat.
bit cch s dng mt hm ta dng lnh help theo sau bi tn ca hm.
V d:
>> help sine
Biu thc
Biu thc trong MATLAB bao gm bin, du =, cc tan t v hm
V d:
>> variable_2=sine(5)+(4+variable_1)*exp(2);
Kim sat ch nhp xut d liu cho Command Window
Hm format:
Hm format kim sat nh dng xut ra mn hnh ca cc gi tr. Hm ny ch kim sat nh dng
xut ra m khng nh hng ti nh dng ca d liu c lu tr.
V d:
>> x = [4/3 1.2345e-6];
>> format short
1.3333 0.0000
>> format short e
1.3333e+000 1.2345e-006
>>format short g
1.3333 1.2345e-006
>>format long
1.33333333333333 0.00000123450000
>>format long e
1.333333333333333e+000 1.234500000000000e-006
>>format long g
1.33333333333333
1.2345e-006
>>format bank
1.33
0.00
>>format rat
4/3
1/810045
>>format hex
3ff5555555555555 3eb4b6231abfd271
Dng ch mc Preferences/ Command Window thay i nh dng ca Command Window
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Khng xut kt qu ra mn hnh:

Dng du ; cui cu lnh Command Window khng xut kt qu ra mn hnh.
Cu lnh qu di
Nu cu lnh qu di ta dng du 3 chm thng bo cu lnh c tip tc dng tip
theo.
V d:
>>s = 1 -1/2 + 1/3 -1/4 + 1/5 - 1/6 + 1/7 ...
-1/8 + 1/9 - 1/10 + 1/11 - 1/12;
Ma trn
Trong MATLAB ma trn l mt array cha cc d liu. nhp mt ma trn vo MATLAB ta c
th dng cc cch sau:
Nhp trc tip vo Command Window.
Nhp t cc file d liu.
Dng cc hm trong MATLAB.
Nhp trc tip vo Command Window:
V d:
>> my_vector = [1 2 3]
my_vector =
1
2
3
>> my_matrix = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]
my_matrix =
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
>> my_matrix = [1 2 3
456
7 8 9]
my_matrix =
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Nhp t cc file d liu:
Dng menu File/ Import Data chn file d liu m ta mun nhp vo MATLAB.
Dng cc hm trong MATLAB:
Hm ones(r,c) to mt ma trn c r hng v c ct vi cc gi 1.
Hm zeros(r,c) to mt ma trn c r hng v c ct vi cc gi 0.
Hm eye(r) to mt ma trn c r hng v r ct vi cc gi 1 ti ng cho v gi tr 0 ti
cc phn t cn li.
rand(r,c) to mt ma trn c r hng v c ct vi cc gi tr ngu nhin t 0 ti 1 theo phn b
uniform.
randn(r,c) to mt ma trn c r hng v c ct vi cc gi tr ngu nhin theo phn b Normal
n v.
Ch s ca ma trn
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 truy cp ti cc gi tr trong ma trn ta dng ch s.

V d:
>> A=[1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9];
>> A(1,2)
ans =
2
>>A(end,end)
9
Tan t : (2 chm)
y l mt tan t c bit ca MATLAB.
V d:
>>1:5
ans =
1 2 3 4 5
>>1:2:10
ans =
1 3 5 7 9
>>10:-3:1
ans =
10 7 4 1
>> A=[1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9];
>>A(2,1:3)
ans=
4
5
6
Thay i kch thc ca ma trn
Concatenation- kt hp cc ma trn
V d:
>>a=[1 2 3];
>>b=[4 5 6];
>>ab=[a ; b]
ab=
1 2 3
4 5 6
>>ab=[a b]
ab=
1 2 3 4 5 6
Xa mt hng hay ct ca ma trn
V d:
>>a=[ 1 2 3
456
7 8 9];
>> a(2,:)=[]
a=
1 2 3
7 8 9
>>a=[ 1 2 3
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456
7 8 9];
>> a(:,2)=[]
a=
1 3
4 6
7 9
>>>>a=[ 1 2 3
456
7 8 9];
>> a(1:2,:)=[]
a=
7 8 9
Cc tan t cho ma trn

A+B : cng ma trn A v B (2 ma trn cng kch thuc)

A - B : tr ma trn A v B (2 ma trn cng kch thuc)
A*B : nhn ma trn (s ct ca A bng s hng ca B)
A.*B : nhn tng phn t ca A v B (A, B cng kch thc)
inv(A) : nghch o A
B/A= (A'\B')' hay xp x B*inv(A)
B./A: chia tng phn t ca B cho A (A, B cng kch thc).
A\B: nu A l ma trn vung, A\B xp x inv(A)*B. Nu A l ma trn nxn v B l vector ct
vi n phn t th X = A\B l li gii cho h ng thc AX = B.
A.^B: ly tha tng phn t ca A vi tng phn t ca B.

Structure
thun tin cho vic qun l v s dng, ta c th tp hp nhiu bin li trong mt structure. Mt
structure c tao nh sau:
struct(name_1, value_1,name_2, value_2,)
trong name_* l tn ca field l thnh phn ca mt structure v value_* l gi tr m ta cn gn
cho field.
>> myst=struct(data, [1 2 3], name,John Down)
myst =
data: [1 2 3]
name: 'John Down'
truy cp d liu trong structure ta dng du .
>>myst.data(1)+1
ans =
2
Optimization toolbox
B cng c ti u ha cho php:
Ti thiu phi tuyn khng rng buc (Unconstrained nonlinear minimization)
Ti thiu phi tuyn c rng buc (Constrained nonlinear minimization)
Quy hach tuyn tnh v tan phng (Quadratic and linear programming)
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Nonlinear least squares and curve-fitting

Hm bintprog(f, A, b, Aeq, beq, x0)

Dng gii bi tan quy hach ngyn (binary integer programming)
min

f Tx

st

A x b

Aeq x beq

V d:
min -9x1 -5x2 -6x3 -4x4
st
6x1+3x2+5x3+3x2 9
x3+ x4 1
-x1
+x3
0
-x2
+x4 0
x1,x2,x3,x4 l nh phn
>> f=[-9 ; -5 ; -6 ; -4] ;
>>A=[6 3 5 2 ; 0 0 1 1 ; -1 0 1 0 ; 0 -1 0 1] ;
>>b=[9 ; 1 ;0 ; 0] ;
>>x=bintprog(f,A,b)
x=
1
1
0
0
Hm linprog(f,A,b,Aeq,beq,lb,ub)
Dng gii bi tan quy hach tuyn tnh
min

f Tx

st

A x b

Aeq x beq

lb x ub

V d:
min -5x1 -4x2 -6x3
st
x1 x2 + x3 20
3x1 + 2x2 + 4x3 42
3x1 + 2x2
30
0 x1, 0 x2, 0 x3
>>f=[-5 ; -4 ; -6]
>>A=[1 -1 1 ; 3 2 4 ; 3 2 0] ;
>>b=[20 ; 42 ; 30] ;
>>lb=zeros(3,1) ;
>>x=linprog(f,A,b,[],[],lb)
x=
0.0
15.0
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3.0
Hm x = fminbnd(fun,x1,x2)
Tm cc tiu ca hm fun(x) vi x1 x x2
V d:
Tm cc tiu hm 0.5x3-x2-x+exp(0.1x)
>> f1=inline('0.5*x^3-x^2-x+exp(0.1*x)','x')
f1 =
Inline function:
f1(x) = 0.5*x^3-x^2-x+exp(0.1*x)
>> [x,fval]=fminbnd(f1,0, 3)
x=
1.6827
fval =
-0.9487
Hm fiminunc(fun,x0)
Tm cc tiu ca hm a bin fun (x l vector)
V d:
>>f2=inline('2*x(1)^4+x(2)^4-2*x(1)^2-2*x(2)^2+4*sin(x(1)*x(2))','x')
f2 =
Inline function:
f2(x) = 2*x(1)^4+x(2)^4-2*x(1)^2-2*x(2)^2+4*sin(x(1)*x(2))
>> [x,fval]=fminunc(f2,[1 -1])
x=
0.9039 -1.1732
fval =
-4.6476
Hm fmincon(fun,x0,A,b,Aeq,beq,lb,ub)
min hm phi tuyn
fun(x)
st
A x b
Aeq x beq

lb x ub

V d:
min f(x)= -x1*x2*x3
-x1-2*x2-2*x3 0
x1+2*x2+2*x3 72
>> f3=inline('-x(1)*x(2)*x(3)','x')
f3 =
Inline function:
f3(x) = -x(1)*x(2)*x(3)
>> A=[-1 -2 -2; 1 2 2];
>> b=[0; 72];
>> [x,fval]=fimcon(f3,[10;10;10],A,b)
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x=
24.0000
12.0000
12.0000
fval =
-3.4560e+003
Statistics toolbox
B cng c vi hn 200 hm h tr tnh tan trong:
Probability Distributions: h tr 20 phn b xc sut khc nhau, cung cp cc hm phn b,
mt , tch ly, nghch o, b to s ngu nhin. Ngai ra n cn cho php xc nh phn
b cho d liu.
Descriptive Statistics: cung cp cc hm cho thng k m t.
Linear Models: h tr one-way, two-way, and n-way analysis of variance (ANOVA),
analysis of covariance (ANOCOVA), hi quy (regression).
Hypothesis Tests: hm cho cc kim nh.
Statistical Plots: h tr v cc th thng k.
Design of Experiments (DOE): h tr vic thit k thc nghim.
Probability Distributions
normpdf(X,MU,SIGMA) tnh gi tr ca hm mt ti X cho phn b Normal c tham s
MU v SIGMA.
R = normrnd(MU,SIGMA,m,n) to mt ma trn R(m,n) cha cc gi tr ngu nhin c phn
b Normal vi tham s MU v SIGMA.
norminv(P,MU,SIGMA) tnh gi tr nghch o ca xc sut p ca hm phn b Normal tch
ly vi tham s MU v SIGMA.
[muhat,sigmahat,muci,sigmaci] = normfit(DATA, alpha) c lng tham MU v SIGMA
vi tin cy100(1 - alpha) % cho d liu DATA theo phn b Normal.
V d:
X l bin ngu nhin nh thc vi n=50, p=0,3. Tm P(X<=17)
>> p=binocdf(17,50,0.3)
p=
0.7822
V d:
Tm tham s =1/ cho d liu c phn b hm s m vi tin cy l 99%
>>data = exprnd(3, 100, 1);
>>[parmhat, parmci] = expfit(data, 0.01)
parmhat =
2.7292
parmci =
2.1384
3.5854
Descriptive Statistics
mean(x) tnh trung bnh cho mi ct d liu trong X.
var(X) tnh phng sai cho mi ct d liu trong X.
prctile(X,p) tnh s phn v p% ca d liu X. p trong khang [0 100]
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skewness(X), kurtosis(X) tm skewness v kurtosis cho mi ct d liu ca X.

V d:
>> x=[2 3 4 5];
>> var(x)
ans =
1.6667
Statistical plotting
boxplot(X) to th box- whisker cho mi ct d liu trong X.
normplot(X) v th phn b Normal cho mi ct d liu trong X.
hist(X) v th histogram cho d liu X.
pareto(X) v th Pareto cho d liu X
V d:
>> boxplot(x)

Hnh 4. boxplot
Linear model
p = anova1(X) tnh bng one-way ANOVA so snh trung bnh ca 2 hay nhiu ct d liu
trong ma trn mxn X, trong cc ct cha mu c m quan sat c lp. Hm tr li gi tr p
gi thuyt H0.
p = anova2(X,reps) tnh two-way ANOVA so snh trung bnh ca 2 hay nhiu ct v 2
hay nhiu hng cc quan st trong ma trn X. D liu trong cc ct tng ng vi cc thay
i trong yu t A, d liu trong hng tng ng vi thay i trong yu t B. Nu c hn
mt quan st trong mt t hp ta dng reps.
V d:
>>X = meshgrid(1:5);
>>X = X + normrnd(0,1,5,5)
>>X =
-0.0741 2.7782 2.2129
1.2018 1.9937 3.7520
1.7629 2.5245 2.8331
-0.2882 3.3643 2.1838
Matlab introduction

4.0802 5.7902
3.0627 5.1053
4.6357 4.8414
5.6820 5.8709
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0.0470 2.4820
>>p = anova1(X)
p=
4.0889e-007

5.0941

4.5936

4.8052

V d:
C 2 yu t A v B. A c 3 cp v B c 2 cp. D liu A c xp theo ct v B theo hng.
>>pop =[ 5.5000 4.5000 3.5000
5.5000 4.5000 4.0000
6.0000 4.0000 3.0000
6.5000 5.0000 4.0000
7.0000 5.5000 5.0000
7.0000 5.0000 4.5000];
>> p = anova2(pop,3)
p=
0.0000 0.0001 0.7462
Php so snh
a = =b (eq(a,b))- so snh bng: so snh cc phn t ca ma trn a v b. Php so snh n tr
v mt ma trn c gi tr 1 nu a(i,j)=b(i,j).
a~ =b (ne(a,b))- khc
a<b (lt(a,b))- nh hn
a<=b (le(a,b) nh hn hoc bng
a>b (gt(a,b) ln hn
a>=b (ge(a,b))- ln hn hoc bng.
Php tnh logic
~a (not(a)) cho mt ma trn vi phn t l 1 nu phn t tng ng ca a l 0 v 0 nu phn
t tng ng ca khc 0.
a&b (and(a,b)) cho mt ma trn c phn t l 1 nu phn t tng ng ca a v b khc 0 v
bng 0 nu mt trong 2 phn t tng ng ca a,b bng 0.
a|b (or(a,b) cho mt ma trn c phn t l 1 nu mt trong 2 phn t tng ng ca a v b
khc 0 v bng 0 nu c 2 phn t tng ng ca a,b bng 0.
xor(a,b) cho mt ma trn c phn t l 1 nu ch mt trong 2 phn t tng ng ca a v b
khc 0 v bng 0 nu c 2 phn t tng ng ca a,b bng 0 hay khc khng.
Script
Lnh if
C php:
if expression
statements
end
ngha: MATLAB nh gi expression, nu expression cho gi tr true hay khc khng, MATLAB
s thc hin statement
C php:
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if expression1
statements1
elseif expression2
statements2
else
statements3
end
ngha: MATLAB nh gi expression1, nu expression1 cho gi tr true hay khc khng,
MATLAB s thc hin statement1. Nu expression1 cho gi tr false v expression2 cho gi tr true
s thc hin statement2.
Lnh switch
C php:
switch switch_expr
case case_expr
statement,...,statement
case {case_expr1,case_expr2,case_expr3,...}
statement,...,statement
...
otherwise
statement
end
Loop for
C php:
for varname=x:y:z
statement
statement

end
for varname=[a b c ...]
statement
statement

end
trong varname phi l tn bin. x, y, z c th l s thc hay biu thc
Loop while
C php
while expression
statements
end

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 ngha: lp li statement khi no expression c tt c phn t khc khng.

Lnh continue
chuyn sang bc lp tip theo
Lnh break
ngng v thot ra vng lp.
Lnh return
tr v chng trnh gi hm hay script.
Symbolic Math toolbox
B cng c b sung kh nng gii tan vi cc k hiu tan hc cho MATLAB. Li ca b cng c
ny c pht trin bi Maple. N cho php thc hin cc php tan sau:
Calculus: o hm, tch phn, gii hn, chui.
i s tuyn tnh: nghch o, nh thc, gi tr eigen, Inverses, determinants, eigenvalues,
singular value decomposition, and canonical forms of symbolic matrices.
Rt gn: dng rt gn biu thc.
Gii phng trnh: i s v vi phn
Cc hm c bit: cung cp cc hm cd bit nh beta, bessel, gamma.
Transforms: Fourier, Laplace, z-transform.
Symbolic object
dng c b cng c ta phi nh ngha mt lai d liu c bit khc vi cc lai d liu khc
trong MATLAB- l symbolic (k hiu). Symbolic l mt cu trc d liu lu li chui k t i
din cho k hiu tan hc m ta ang x l. ta dng symbolic biu hin mt bin, biu thc hay
ma trn.
V d:
>> sqrt(2)
ans =
1.4142
>>= sqrt(sym(2))
ans=
2^(1/2)
khai bo mt symbolic trong MATLAB, ta c th dng lnh sym. Lnh syms dng khai bo
nhiu symbolic trong mt dng lnh.
V d:
>> x=sym('x')
x=
x
>>syms a b
>> f=sin(a*x)
f=
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sin(a*x)
>> diff(f)
ans =
cos(a*x)*a
xc nh c bao nhiu bin symbolic trong mt biu thc ta dng lnh findsym
V d:
>> findsym(f)
ans =
a, x
thay th gi tr vo mt mt bin symbolic ta dng lnh subs
V d:
>> subs(f,a,2)
ans =
sin(2*x)
>> subs(f,{x,a},{2,5})
ans =
-0.5440
Calculus
Cc hm cho gii tch
diff: o hm.
int: tch phn.
jacobian: ma trn Jacobian
limit: gii hn
symsum: tng ca mt chui.
taylor: khai trin chui Taylor.
V d:
>> int(f)
ans =
-1/a*cos(a*x)
>> taylor(f)
ans =
a*x-1/6*a^3*x^3+1/120*a^5*x^5
Rt gn biu thc:
collect(f,v): gom a thc theo bin v.
expand: khai trin a thc.
factor: phn tch a thc thnh cc nhn t.
horner: phn tch a thc thnh mt biu thc dn Horner.
numden: phn tch biu thc thnh dng hu t.
simple: n gin ti a biu thc.
simplify: rt gn biu thc.
V d:
>> t=(x-2)^2+(x-2)^3+2
t=
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(x-2)^2+(x-2)^3+2
>> collect(t,x)
ans =
-2+x^3-5*x^2+8*x
>> expand(t)
ans =
-2+x^3-5*x^2+8*x
>> t=x^2 +2*a*x +a^2 ;
>> factor(t)
ans =
(a+x)^2
th
th 2D
plot(X,Y) v cc im trong vector Y theo vector X
V d:
>>x=[1:0.2:20];
>> y=sin(x);
>> plot(x,y)

Hnh. th to ra bi plot(x,y)
Trong MATLAB th c to trong mt window gi l figure. Khi ta dng mt lnh v th,
nu trong MATLAB khng c sn mt figure, mt figure mi s c to ra. Nu c mt hay
nhiu figure, th th mi s thay th th c trong figure hin hu. trnh iu ny ta c th
to nn mt figure (empty) bng lnh figure
V d:
>> figure

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Hnh. Empty figure

v chng th (thay v thay th) ln mt th c sn trong figure ta dng lnh hold on. b
ch v chng, ta dng tip lnh hold off.
V d:
>>z=cos(x);
>>hold on
>>plot(x,z)

Hnh. Dng lnh hold v chng th

Lnh subplot(m,n,p) hay subplot(mnp) dng chia Figure window thnh mxn th v chn
th th p lm hin hnh. c xp th t theo hng trn xung di , t tri sang phi.
V d:
>> figure
>> subplot(1,2,1)
>>plot(x,y)
>> subplot(1,2,2)
>> plot(x,z)

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Hnh. Subplot
bar(x,y) v th ct vi d liu trong y theo x. Nu y l ma trn mxn th bar s v m nhm. Mi
nhm c n ct. v ct nm ngang ta dng barh. v ct trong 3D dng bar3 hay bar3h.
V d:
>> x=[1 3 6];
>> y=[5 12; 8 10 ; 12 5];
>> bar(x,y)

Hnh. th bar
hist(y,m) dng v th histogram vi d liu trong y v m l s khang chia.
errorbar(x,y,e) v th x,y vi dung sai [-e,+e].
V d:
>> x=[1:0.1:2];
>> y=x.^3-2*x.^2;
>> e=rand(1,length(x));
>> error(x,y,e)

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Hnh. errorbar
pie(x) dng v th hnh bnh
v d:
>> x=[10 25 45];
>> pie(x)

Hnh. th pie
ezplot(f,[a,b]) v biu thc f trong khang [a,b]
V d:
>> ezplot('sin(x)/x',[-5,5])
Ty bin th
MATLAB cho php ta thay i nh dng ca th nh: font ch, kch thc ch, kch thc
ng, mu sc, trc th v.v. thay i nh dng th ta c th:
Dng menu File/Edit, chn Figure properties thay i nh dng cho figure window,
Axis properties thay i nh dng cho trc, Current Object properties thay i
nh dng cho i tng hin hnh.
Chn i tng m ta mun thay nh dng v nhn chut phi hin ln menu la
chn.
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 thm cc i tng nh nhn, vn bn, ghi ch, tiu v.v. ta c th dng menu Insert.
xut th ra cc dng hnh nh nh jpg, gif, ta dng menu File/Export As
th 3D
Ta c v th 3 chiu dng cc lnh sau:
plot3: tng t nh plot nh c thm trc z.
mesh: to th 3D di dng li (mesh).
surf: to b mt 3D.

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