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Tổng Quan Về Hệ Thống Thông Tin Di Động Thế Hệ Ba
Tổng Quan Về Hệ Thống Thông Tin Di Động Thế Hệ Ba
(Code Division Multiple Access IS-95) ra i, cc nh cung cp dch v in thoi di ng M cung cp dch v
mode song song, cho php thu bao c th truy cp vo c hai mng IS-136 v IS-95.
Do nhn thc r v tm quan trng ca cc h thng thng tin di ng m Chu u, ngay khi qu trnh tiu chun
ho GSM cha kt thc ngi ta tin hnh d n nghin cu RACE 1043 vi mc ch chnh l xc nh cc dch
v v cng ngh cho h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 cho nm 2000. H thng 3G ca chu u c gi l
UMTS. Nhng ngi thc hin d n mong mun rng h thng UMTS trong tng lai s c pht trin t cc h
thng GSM hin ti. Ngoi ra ngi ta cn c mt mong mun rt ln l h thng UMTS s c kh nng kt hp
nhiu mng khc nhau nh PMR, MSS, WLAN thnh mt mng thng nht c kh nng h tr cc dch v s liu
tc cao v quan trng hn y s l mt mng hng dch v.
Song song vi chu u, Lin minh Vin thng Quc t (ITU International Telecommunications Union) cng thnh
lp mt nhm nghin cu nghin cu v cc h thng thng tin di ng th h 3, nhm nghin cu TG8/1. Nhm
nghin cu t tn cho h thng thng tin di ng th h th 3 ca mnh l H thng Thng tin Di ng Mt t
Tng lai (FPLMTS Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System). Sau ny, nhm nghin cu i tn h
thng thng tin di ng ca mnh thnh H thng Thng tin Di ng Ton cu cho nm 2000 (IMT-2000
International Mobile Telecommunications for the year 2000). ng nhin l cc nh pht trin UMTS (chu u)
mong mun ITU chp nhn h thng chp nhn ton b nhng xut ca mnh v s dng h thng UMTS lm c
s cho h thng IMT-2000. Tuy nhin vn khng phi n gin nh vy, c ti 16 xut cho h thng thng
tin di ng IMT-2000 (bao gm 10 xut cho cc h thng mt t v 6 xut cho cc h thng v tinh).
3. CC TIU CH CHUNG XY DNG IMT :
IMT-2000 cung cp h tng k thut cho cc dch v gia tng v cc ng dng trn mt chun duy nht cho mng
thng tin di ng.
- S dng di tn quy nh quc t 2GHz nh sau: ung ln: 1885 2025 MHz; ng xung: 2110 -2200 MHz.
IMT-2000 h tr tc ng truyn cao hn: tc ti thiu l 2Mbps cho ngi dng vn phng hoc i b;
348Kbps khi di chuyn trn xe. Trong khi , h thng vin thng 2G ch c tc t 9,6Kbps ti 28,8Kbps.
- L h thng thng tin di ng ton cu cho cc loi hnh thng tin v tuyn:
+ Tch hp cc mng thng tin hu tuyn v v tuyn
+ Tng tc cho mi loi dch v vin thng t c nh, di ng, thoi, d liu, Internet n cc dch v a phng
tin
- C th h tr cc dch v nh:
+ Cc phng tin ti nh o trn c s mng thng minh, di ng cc nhn v chuyn mng ton cu
+ m bo chuyn mng quc t cho php ngi dng c th di chuyn n bt k quc gia no cng c th s
dng mt s in thoi duy nht.
+ m bo cc dch v a phng tin ng thi cho ting, s liu chuyn mch knh v s liu chuyn mch gi.
- D dng h tr cc dch v mi xut hin.
Mi trng hot ng ca IMT 2000 c chia thnh 4 vng vi tc bit R nh sau:
+ Vng 1: Trong nh, pico, Rb 2 Mbit/s
+ Vng 2: thnh ph, macr, R b 384 kbit/s
+ Vng 2: ngoi , macr, Rb 144 kbit/s
+ Vng 4: ton cu, Rb = 9,6 kbit/s.
IMT-2000 c nhng c im chnh:
3.1 Tnh linh hot:
Vi s lng ln cc v sp nhp v hp nht trong ngnh cng nghip in thoi di ng v kh nng a dch v
ra th trng ngoi nc, nh khai thc khng mun phi h tr giao din v cng ngh khc. iu ny chc chn s
cn tr s pht trin ca 3G trn ton th gii. IMT-2000 h tr vn ny, bng cch cung cp h thng c tnh linh
hot cao, c kh nng h tr hng lot cc dch v v ng dng cao cp. IMT-2000 hp nht 5 k thut (IMT-DS, IMTMC, TMT-TC, IMT-SC, IMT-FT) v giao tip sng da trn ba cng ngh truy cp khc nhau (FDMA - a truy cp
phn chia theo tn s, TDMA - a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian v CDMA - a truy cp phn chia theo m). Dch
v gia tng trn ton th gii v pht trin ng dng trn tiu chun duy nht vi 5 k thut v 3 cng ngh.
3.2. Tnh kinh t:
S hp nht gia cc ngnh cng nghip 3G l bc quan trng quyt nh gia tng s lng ngi dng v cc nh
khai thc. .
3.3. Tnh tng thch:
Cc dch v trn IMT-2000 c kh nng tng thch vi cc h thng hin c. Chng hn, mng 2G chun GSM s
tip tc tn ti mt thi gian na v kh nng tng thch vi cc h thng ny phi c m bo hiu qu v lin
mch qua cc bc chuyn.
3.4. Thit k theo modul:
Chin lc ca IMT-2000 l phi c kh nng m rng d dng pht trin s lng ngi dng, vng ph sng,
dch v mi vi khon u t ban u thp nht.
Phn loi
Dch v di ng
Dch v m thanh
Dch v di ng
vin
nh gi cht lng ng truyn. Cng tc tiu chun ho chi tit c thc hin 3GPP. Lch trnh trin khai WCDMA c cho hnh v.
B sung truyn s liu vo mng cdma2000 s cho php nh khai thc mng tip tc s dng cc phng tin
truyn dn, cc phng tin v tuyn, c s h tng v cc thit bi u cui hin c bng cch nng cp phn mm
cho chc nng tng tc. Nng cp ln IS-95B cho php tng tc knh cung cp tc s liu 64 115 kbit/s v
ng thi ci thin chuyn giao mm v chuyn giao cng gia cc tn s. Cc nh sn xut cng b cc kh
nng s liu gi, s liu knh v fax s trn cc thit b cdmaOne ca h.
Mt trong cc mc tiu quan trng ca ITU IMT 2000 l to ra cc tiu chun khuyn khch s dng mt bng tn
trn ton cu nhm thc y mc cao vic nhiu ngi thit k v h tr cc dch v cao. IMT 2000 s s
dng cc u cui b ti kch c nh, m rng nhiu phng tin khai thc v trin khai cu trc m cho php a ra
cc cng ngh mi. Ngoi ra cc h thng 3G ha hn em li cc dch v ting v tuyn c cc mc cht lng hu
tuyn ng thi vi tc v dung lng cn thit h tr a phng tin v cc ng dng tc cao. Cc dch v
trn c s nh v, o hng, h tr cp bo v cc dch v tin tin khc cng s c h tr.
S pht trin ca h thng 3G s m cnh ca cho mch vng thu bao v tuyn i vi PSTN v truy nhp mng s
liu cng cng, ng thi m bo iu kin tin li hn cc ng dng v cc tim nng mng. N cng s m bo
chuyn mng ton cu, di ng dch v, ID trn c s vng, tnh cc v truy nhp th mc ton cu. Thm ch c
th hy vng cng ngh 3G cho php kt ni mng v tinh mt cch lin tc.
Mt trong cc yu cu k thut ca cdma2000l tng thch vi h thng c cdmaOne v: Cc dch v ting, cc b
m ho ting, cc cu trc bo hiu v kh nng bo mt.
Bng cch chuyn t cng ngh giao din v tuyn IS-95CDMA hin nay sang IS-2000 1X ca tiu chun
cdma2000, cc nh khai thc t c tng dung lng v tuyn gp i v c kh nng x l s liu gi n 144
kbit/s.
Cng s ra i ca cdma2000 giai on mt, cc dch v s liu cng s c ci thin. Giai on 2 cng s uc
hnh thnh c cu MAC (Medium Access Control: iu khin truy nhp mi trng) v nh ngha giao thc on ni
v tuyn (RLP: Radio Link Prtcol) cho s liu gi h tr cc tc s liu gi t nht l 144kbit/s.
Thc hin giai on 2 ca cdma2000s mang li rt nhiu cc kh nng mi v cc tng cng dch v. Giai on 2
s h tr tt c cc kch c knh (6X, 9X v 12X) c cu cho cc dch v ting, b m ho ting cho cdma2000, bao
gm ting trn nn IP. Vi giai on 2 cc dch v a phng tin thc s s c cung cp v s mang li c hi
thun li b sung cho cc nh khai thc. Cc dch v a phng tin s c th thc hin c thng qua MAC s liu
gi, h tr y cho s liu gi, h tr y cho dch v s liu gi n 2Mb/s, RLP h tr tt c cc tc s liu
n 2Mb/s v m hnh gi a phng tin tin tin.
UMTS (c trin khai u tin Chu u, sau pht trin ra ton th gii). UMTS l s pht trin ln 3G ca h
cng ngh GSM (GSM, GPRS & EDGE), l cng ngh duy nht c cc nc chu u cng nhn cho mng 3G.
GSM v UMTS cng l dng cng ngh chim th phn ln nht trn th trng thng tin di ng ngy nay (chim ti
85,4% theo GSA 8-2007).
Mt s c im ch yu ca cng ngh WCDMA bao gm: Mi knh v tuyn c rng 5 MHz; tng thch ngc
vi GSM; chip rate 3,84 Mbps; h tr hot ng khng ng b gia cc cell; truyn nhn a m; h tr iu chnh
cng sut da trn t s tn hiu/tp m; c th p dng k thut anten thng minh tng dung lng mng v vng
ph sng (phin bn HSPA t Release 8 tr ln);h tr nhiu kiu chuyn giao gia cc cell, bao gm soft-handoff,
softer-handoff v hard-handoff;
UMTS cho php tc downlink l 0,384 Mbps (full mobility) v vi phin bn nng cp ln HSPA Release 6 hin
nay, tc ln ti 14 Mbps (downlink) v 1,4 Mbps (uplink). D kin phin bn HSPA Release 8 ra mt vo nm 2009
(thm tnh nng MIMO) th tc tng ng s l 42 Mbps & 11,6 Mbps.
UMTS hon ton tng thch ngc vi GSM. Cc my handset UMTS thng h tr c hai ch GSM v UMTS,
do vy chng c th s dng vi cc mng GSM hin c. Nu mt thu bao UMTS ra khi vng ph sng ca mng
UMTS v i vo vng ph sng GSM th cuc gi ca thu bao c t ng chuyn giao cho mng GSM.
c bit, trong bng tn 1900-2200 MHz th WCDMA l cng ngh duy nht hin nay c thit b sn sng, c
nhiu nh cung cp thit b sn xut v c th cung cp ngay khi c n t hng. Mt khc, do quy m th trng
ln v l cng ngh trng thnh nn WCDMA cng l mt trong nhng cng ngh c chi ph u t thp nht,
em li hiu qu cao nht.
Tuy nhin UMTS cng c mt s nhc im. Chuyn giao cuc gi mi ch thc hin c theo chiu t UMTS
sang GSM m cha thc hin c theo chiu ngc li. Tn s cao hn mng GSM900 nn s lng trm BTS dy
c hn do thi gian xy dng mng lu hn v chi ph cao hn mng GSM. cung cp c dch v Video-ondemand, cc trm gc phi t cch nhau khong 1-1,5km; iu c th thc hin c khu vc th nhng s
l khng kinh t khu vc nng thn.
5.2. IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier:
IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier cn c gi l IMT-MC hay CDMA2000 l cng ngh pht trin ln 3G t h
CDMAOne (IS-95) bi 3GPP2. y l cng ngh cnh tranh trc tip vi cng ngh WCDMA trn th trng thng tin
di ng.
CDMA2000 c cc phin bn CDMA2000-1x (hay 1xRTT), CDMA2000-3x, CDMA2000 EV-DO, CDMA2000 EV-DV.
CDMA2000 s dng cc cp sng mang c rng knh 1,25 MHz. Phin bn u tin CDMA2000 1x (hay IS-2000)
s dng 1 cp knh v tuyn 1,25 MHz chuyn ti 128 knh lu lng, cung cp tc downlink 144 kB/s. Mc
d CDMA2000 1x c cng nhn l 3G nhng nhiu ngi coi n l i din ca mng 2,5G.
CDMA2000 v CDMA2000 EV-DV s dng 3 knh 1,25 MHz tng tc . CDMA2000 EV-DV c tc downlink
ln n 3,1 Mbps v uplink l 1,8 Mbps. Tuy nhin c hai phin bn ny u khng cn c tip tc nghin cu,
pht trin thng mi ho do cc nh khai thc CDMA2000 ln nht (nh Sprint Nextel v Verizon Wireless) u
la chn phin bn EV-DO. Hin nay cha c mng thng mi no trin khai hai phin bn ny.
CDMA2000 EV-DO li c nhiu revision khc nhau: Rev. 0, Rev. A, Rev. B, Rev. C. Tiu chun CDMA2000 EV-DO
u tin c gi l Revision 0 c tc downlink ln n 2,4 Mbps v uplink l 153 kbps. CDMA2000 Rev. A c tc
ln n 3,1 Mbps downlink v 1,8 Mbps uplink. Rev. B h tr tc uplink ln n 14,7 Mbps (3 knh sng mang).
D kin n gia nm 2009 khi Rev. C hay cn gi l UMB ra i (s dng MIMO v OFDMA) s h tr tc
downlink ln n 275 Mbps v uplink ln n 75 MBps. Tc ny cho php ngi ta coi UMB l cng ngh ca
mng 4G, snh ngang vi LTE ca dng cng ngh HSPA/WCDMA. Cng ging nh HSPDA, cc modem t Rev. A
tr ln ca CDMA2000 s dng chipset ca Qualcomm cng c kh nng x l ng thi cuc gi voice bng chuyn
mch knh v truy cp d liu bng chuyn mch gi.
Hin nay thit b CDMA2000 bng tn 1900-2200 MHz trn th gii mi ch c 1 nh khai thc duy nht l KDDI
ca Nht Bn trin khai CDMA2000 bng tn 1900-2200 MHz. Thit b cho mng ny c KDDI t hng ring
ca Toshiba nn khng ph bin trn th trng. Thit b CDMA2000 trong bng 1900-2200 MHz c th s ch c sau
khi Rev. C (hay UMB) c thng mi ho vo cui nm 2009, u nm 2010.
Tuy nhin th trng cho cng ngh CDMA2000 vn nh hn GSM/UMTS nay li ang suy gim. Ti mt s nc,
cc nh khai thc CDMA2000 cng ang chuyn hng sang HSPA. Ti Hn Quc, KTF v SK Telecom tuyn b
ngng u t vo mng CDMA2000 v bt u t u nm nay chuyn dn khch hng sang HSPA. Ti
Australia, Telstra tuyn b s thu hp v ngng hot ng mng EV-DO v chuyn dn khch hng sang mng
HSPA. Cc nh sn xut cng khng cn quan tm nhiu n CDMA2000 na. Nokia tuyn b rt khi vic
nghin cu pht trin CDMA v ch tip tc kinh doanh cc sn phm CDMA mt s th trng trng im.
5.3. IMT-2000 CDMA TDD:
H cng ngh CDMA TDD bao gm TD-CDMA v TD-SCDMA. Cng ngh TD-SCDMA do chnh ph Trung Quc ch
o Hc vin Cng ngh Vin thng Trung Quc v Cng ty Datang nghin cu, pht trin vi mc tiu khng l
thuc vo cng ngh Phng Ty nhm trnh phi tr mt khon ph bn quyn khng nh cho cc sng ch ca
cc cng ty u-M ng thi thc y ngnh cng nghip in t-vin thng Trung Quc pht trin. Cng ngh TDSCDMA cn ang c nghin cu pht trin v cha c nc no ngoi Trung Quc d nh trin khai.
TD-CDMA hay cn gi l UMTS-TDD s dng chung mt knh v tuyn 5 MHz cho c ng ln v ng xung.
Mi khung thi gian rng 10 ms chia thnh 15 time slot. Cc time slot c phn b cho ng ln v ng xung
theo mt t l c nh. Cng ngh truy cp CDMA c s dng trong mi time slot ghp knh cc dng d liu t
cc tranceiver khc nhau.
Cng ngh TD-CDMA ch yu c s dng truy cp d liu internet bng thng rng ch khng dnh cho thoi.
N ch yu c dng cho cc pico-cell v micro-cell c nhu cu d liu ln. Hin nay c khong 20 nc trin
khai TD-CDMA cc thnh ph ln. Tuy nhin cng ngh ny cha thc s chn mui v quy m th trng cng nh
s lng cc nh cung cp thit b cn nhiu hn ch.
5.4. IMT-2000 TDMA Single-Carrier:
Cng ngh TDMA Single-Carrier cn c gi l WUC-136, c pht trin t tiu chun IS-136 TDMA. N s dng
cc knh c rng 30 KHz, 200 KHz v 1,6 MHz. Cng ngh ny vn cn ang giai on nghin cu pht trin,
cha c h thng no c trin khai thng mi, do cng t c kh nng chim lnh th trng.
5.5. IMT-2000 FDMA/TDMA:
Cng ngh ny cn c tn gi l DECT. N c ETSI pht trin v c trin khai mt s nc chu u, chu
v chu M cho cc h thng in thoi khng dy tng i c quan (PBX) v in thoi v tuyn ni th cng cng.
Do c cng sut nh, vng ph sng hp (maximum 0,25W) nn cng ngh ny khng thch hp cho vic ph sng
ton quc n cc vng nng thn.
5.6. IMT-2000 OFDMA TDD WMAN:
Cng ngh ny da trn tiu chun 802.16e-2005 hay cn gi l Wimax di ng. N c IEEE pht trin v ang
c th nghim trin khai mt s nc. Mobile Wimax c mt s c im c bn nh sau:Thit k mng da
trn cu trc All-IP; knh v tuyn c rng 3.5, 5, 7, 10, 20 MHz; song cng TDD; s dng iu ch OFDMA; tn
s 2.3; 2.5; 3.5 GHz; t CW2 (2008) tr ln s h tr ngten thng minh (MIMO); tc (CW2) DL = 37.4 Mbps;
UL=10 Mbps.
Cng ngh Wimax ang c kh nhiu cc cng ty tham gia pht trin, c bit l cc cng ty ang chim th phn
khim tn trong mi trng thng tin di ng nh Nortel hay Motorola. Wimax l cng ngh c tim nng cnh tranh
cao trong vic cung cp dch v truy cp khng dy bng rng. Hin nay Wimax forum c ti 469 thnh vin
(7/2007) l cc nh sn xut chip/linh kin; cc nh cung cp thit b, cc nh cung cp dch v v cc nh cung cp
ng dng.
Tuy nhin Mobile Wimax cng c mt s nhc im. Bng tn cho Mobile Wimax khng c thng nht cao trn
ton cu nh UMTS nn quy m th trng b phn mnh, dn n chi ph sn xut cao, thit b c gi thnh cao.
Cng ngh Wimax c pht trin t con s 0 nn khng tng thch vi bt k cng ngh no c trc . Ngoi ra,
vic pht trin Wimax xut pht t nhu cu cung cp dch v d liu bng rng khng dy nn chi ph cung cp
dch v thoi qua mng Wimax di ng l kh tn km trong khi nhu cu ch yu ca ngi tiu dng hin nay vn l
thoi (80-90% lu lng ton mng), s lng ngi s dng laptop v PDA vn cn kh t.
Quan trng hn c l cng ngh Wimax khng c mt bng tn 1900-2200 MHz c cp php Vit Nam.
6. M HNH KIN TRC CA CC H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G
6.1. Kin trc chung mng thng tin di ng 3G
Mng thng tin di ng 3G lc u s l mng kt hp gia cc vng chuyn mch gi (PS) v chuyn mch knh
(CS) truyn s liu gi v ting.
Cc trung tm chuyn mch gi s l cc chuyn mch s dng cng ngh ATM. Trn ng pht trin n mng
ton IP, chuyn mch knh s dn oc thay th bng chuyn mch gi. Cc dch v k c s liu ln thi gian thc
(nh ting v video) cui cng s c truyn i trn cng mt mi trng IP bng cc chuyn mch gi. Hnh v cho
thy v d v mt kin trc tng qut ca thng tin di ng 3G kt hp vi CS v PS trong mng li.
- BTS = Base Transceiver Station: Trm pht gc. BTS l thc th m bo cc kh nng truyn dn qua im tham
kho U.
- CDCP = Call Data Collection Point: im thu thp s liu cuc gi. CDCP l thc th thu thp thng tin chi tit v
cuc gi khun dng IS-124.
- CDGP = Call Data Generation Point: im to s liu cuc gi. CDGP l thc th cung cp cc thng tin chi tit v
cuc gi cho CDCP khun dng IS-124 . Tt c cc thng tin a n CDCP t CDGP phi khun dng IS-124.
- CDIS = Call Data Information: Ngun thng tin s liu cuc gi. CDIS l thc th c th c th l ngun thng tin chi
tit v cuc gi. Thng tin ny c th mt khun dng ring khng nht thit phi l IS-124.
- CDRP = Call Data Rating Point: im tnh cc s liu cuc gi. CDRP l thc th nhn thng tin chi tit cuc gi
khun dng IS-124 khng tnh cc v cung cp thng tin lin quan n cc ph hoc c th tnh cc. Thng tin
cc c b sung bng cch s dng khun dng IS-124.
- CF = Collection Funtion: Chc nng thu thp. CF l thc th chu trch nhim thu thp cc thng tin b chn cho c
quan thi hnh php lut c u quyn hp php. Thng th CF bao gm:
+ Kh nng nhn v x l thng tin v ni dung cuc gi cho tng i tng b chn.
+ Kh nng nhn thng tin lin quan n tng i tng b chn (chng hn cuc gi lin kt hoc khng lin kt)t
chc nng mng v x l n.
- CSC = Customer Service Center: Trung tm phc v khch hng. CSC l thc th m ti cc i din ca nh
cung cp dch v nhn cc cuc gi in thoi t cc khch hng mun ng k cho vic bt u dch v v tuyn
hoc yu cu thay i dch v hin c ca khch hng. CSC s dng giao din ring vi OTAF thc hin cc thay
i lin quan n mng v MScn thit cho vic thc hin yu cu cung cp dch v.
- DCE = Data Circuit Equipment: Thit b mch s liu. DCE l mt kt cui m bo giao din gia mng vi ngi
s dng khng phi l ISDN.
- DF = Delivery Function: Chc nng chuyn. DF l mt thc th chu trch nhim chuyn cc cuc gi b chn n
mt hay nhiu CF.
- EIR = Equipment Identity Register: B ghi nhn dng thit b. EIR l thc th m bo ghi li s nhn dng thit
b ca ngi s dng.
- HLR = Home Location Register: B ghi nh v thung tr. HLR l b ghi nh v ghi li s nhn dng ca ngi
s dng (chng hn s seri in t (ESN), s danh b di ng (MDN), thng tin l lch, v tr hin thi v chu k u
quyn)
- ISDN = Intergrated Service Digital Network: Mng s liu lin kt a dch v
- IP = Intelligent Peripheral: Ngoi vi thng minh. IP (ngoi vi thng minh) l thc th thc hin chc nng ti nguyn
c bit nh: thng bo bng li (t bng), thu thp cc ch s , thc hin vic chuyn i ting thnh vn bn hoc
vn bn thnh ting , ghi v lu cc bn tin ting, cc dch v fax , cc dch v s liu
- IAP = Intercept Access Point: Ngoi vi thng minh. IAP m bo vic truy nhp n cc cuc thng tin n hoc t
thit b, cc phng tin hay cc dch v ca mt i tng b chn.
- IWF = Internetworking Function: Chc nng kt ni mng. IWF l mt thc th m bo vic bin i thng tin cho
mt hay nhiu WNE. Mt IWFcos th c mt giao din n mt WNE m bo cc dch v bin i. IWF c th
lm tng thm mt giao din c nhn dng gia hai WNE cung cp cc dch v bin i cho c hai WNE.
- MWNE = Managed Wireless Network: Mng v tuyn uc qun l. MWNE l thc th v tuyn bn trong thc th
tp th hay mt thc th mng c th bt k cn qun l v tuyn ca OS hay bao hm c OS khc.
- MC = Massege Center: Trung tm nhn tin. MC l thc th lu ri pht cc bn tin ngn. MC cng c th m bo
cc dch v b sung cho dch v bn tin ngn (SMS).
- MS = Mobile Station: Trm di ng. MS l u cui c thu bao s dng truy nhp mng giao din v tuyn.
MS c th l thit b cm tay, dt trong xe hoc t c nh . MS l thit b v tuyn oc s dng kt cui ng
truyn v tuyn ti thu bao.
- MSC = Mobile Switching Center: Trung tm chuyn mch di ng. MSC l thc th chuyn mch lu lng c
khi xng hoc kt cui MS. Thng thng mt MSC c kt ni vi t nht mt BS . N cng c th kt ni vi
cc mng cng cng khc (PSTN, ISDN) cc MSC khc trong mng hoc cc MSC cc mng khc .
- MT = Mobile Terminal: u cui di ng. MT (u cui ) l kt cui MS c kh nng t truyn s liu m khng cn
h tr giao din ngoi.
- NPBD = Number Portability Database: C s d liu tnh cm tay s. NPDB l mt thc th cung cp thng tin v
tnh cm tay cho cc s danh b cm
- OSF = Operation Systemb Function: Chc nng h thng khai thc. OSF oc nh ngha bi OSF ca TMN
(mng qun l vin thng). Cc chc nng ny bao hm c cc chc nng lp qun l phn t, lp qun l mng, lp
qun l dch v v lp qun l kinh doanh phn b tt c cc chc nng ca h thng iu hnh (chng hn qun
l s c, qun l hiu nng, qun l cu hnh, qun l thanh ton v qun l an ninh)
- OTAF = Over-The-Air-Service Function: Chc nng dch v khng gian. OTAF (chc nng dch v khng gian) l
thc th giao din theo chun ring n CSC h tr cc hot ng trang b dch v. OTAF giao din vi MSC
pht n MS cc lnh cn thit cho vic thc hin cc yu cu trang b dch v.
- PDN = Public Data Networrk: Mng s liu cng cng. PDN m bo c ch truyn ti s liu gi gia cc thc th
mng thc hin x l c kh nng s dng cc dch v ny
- PDSN = Packet Data Servicing Node. PDSN l thc th cung cp chc nng giao thc Internet vi mng di ng.
PDSN thit lp, duy tr v kt cui cc phin ca lp on ni vi MS. PDSN nh tuyn cc dgm IP n PDN.
PDSN c th hot ng nh mt tc nhn MIP ngoi nh trong mng di ng . PDSN tng tc vi AAA m bo
su h tr nhn thc, trao quyn v thanh ton. PDSN c th giao tip vi mt hay nhiu mng IP hoc cng cng
hoc Intranet m bo truy nhp mng IP.
- PSTN = Public Switched Telephone Network: Mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng
- SCP = Service Control Point: im iu khin dch v. SCP l thc th hot ng nh mt c s d liu thi gian
thc v h thng x l thao tc m bo chc nng iu khin dch v v s liu dch v.
- SN = Service Node: im dch v. SN l thc th m bo iu khin dch v, s liu dch v, cc ti nguyn c
bit v cc chc nng iu khin cuc gi h tr cc dch v lin quan n vt mang.
- SME = Short Message Entity: Thc th bn tin ngn. SME l thc th sp xp v gii xp cc bn tin ngn. SME c
th hoc khng oc t bn trong HLR, MC, VLR hay MSC.
- TA = Terminal Adapter: B thch ng u cui. TA l thc th chuyn i bo hiu v s liu ca ngi s dng gia
giao din khng phi ISDN v giao din ISDN.
- TE = Terminal Equipment: Thit b u cui.
+ TE1 l u cui s liu m bo giao din ngi s dng ISDN- mng
+ TE2 l u cui s liu m bo giao din ngi s dng khng phi ISDN- mng
- UIM = User Identity Module: M den nhn dng ngi s dng. UIM cha thng tin thu bao v c th cha thng
tin c th thu bao. UIM c th hoc c kt hp bn trong u cui di ng hoc c th rt ra c.
- VLR = Visitor Location Register: B ghi nh v thng tr. VLR l b ghi nh v khc vi HLR n c MSC s
dng thu nhn thng tin cho vic x l cuc gi n hoc t thu bao khc. VLR c th hoc khng c t bn
trong MSC.
- WNE = Wireless Network Entity: Thc th mng khng dy. WNE l thc th mng thc th tng th.
Kin trc chung ca mt h thng cdma2000 cng vi PDSN x l cc dch v gi (hnh v)
UTRAN c ni n mng li qua giao din Iu. Giao din Iu c hai phn t khc nhau: Iu-CS v Iu-PS. Kt ni
UTRAN n phn chuyn mch knh c thc hin qua giao din Iu-CS, giao din ny ni RNC n mt MSC/VLR.
Kt ni UTRAN n phn chuyn mch gi c thc hin qua giao din Iu-PS, giao din ny ni RNC n mt
SGSN
T hnh v ta thy tt c cc giao din UTRAN ca 3GPPP pht hnh nm 1999 u c xy dng trn c s ATM.
ATM c chn v n c kh nng h tr nhiu lai dch v khc nhau (chng hn tc bt kh bin cho cc dch v
trn c s gi v tc bt khng i cho cc dch v chuyn mch knh). Mt khc mng li s dng cng mt kin
trc c s nh kin trc ca GSM/GPRS, nh vy cng ngh mng li hin c c th h tr cng ngh truy nhp v
tuyn mi. Chng hn cung c th nng cp mng li hin c h tr UTRAN sao cho mt MSC c th ni n c
UTRAN RNC v GSM BSC.
Trong thc t cc tiu chun UMTS cho php h tr chuyn giao cng t UMTS n GSM v ngc li. y l mt
yu cu rt quan trng v cn phi c thi gian trin khai rng khp UMTS nn s c khong trng trong vng ph
sng ca UMTS v v tgh thu bao UMTS phi c kh nng nhn c dch v vng ph sng ca GSM. Nu
UTRAN v GSM BSS c ni n cc MSC khc nhau, chuyn giao gia cc h thng t c bng cch chuyn
giao gia cc MSC. Nu gi thit rng nhiu chc nng ca MSC/VLR ging nhau i vi UMTS v GSM, MSC cn
phi c kh nng h tr ng thi c hia kiu dch v. Tng t hon ton hp l khi gi thit rng SGSN phi c kh
nng h tr ng thi kt ni Iu-PS n RNC v Gb n GPRS BSC.
Trong hu ht sn phm ca nh sn xut, nhiu phn t mng ang c nng cp h tr ng thi GSM/GPRS
v UMTS. Cc phn t mng ny bao gm MSC/VLR, HLR, SGSN v GGSN. i vi nhiu nh sn xut, cc trm
gc c trin khai do GSM/GPRS c thit k c th nng cp chng h tr cho c GSM v UMTS. i vi
mt s nh sn xut BSC oc nng cp hot ng nh c hai GSM BSC v MT RNC. Tuy nhin cu hnh ny
rt him. Yu cu giao din v cc chc nng khc nhau (nh chuyn giao mm)ca UMTS RNC chng t rng cng
ngh ca n hon ton khc vi GSM BSC. V th thng thng ta thy cc UMTS RNC v GSM BSC tch bit.
Hnh v cho thy kin trc c s ca mng W-CDMA pht hnh 4. S khc nhau c bn gia pht hnh 1999 v pht
hnh 4 l ch khi ny mng li l mng phn b. Thay cho vic c cc MSC chuyn mch knh truyn thng nh
kin trc trc, kin trc chuyn mch phn b c a vo.
V cn bn, MSC c chia thnh MSC Server v cng cc phng tin (MGW: Media Getway). MSC cha tt c
cc phn mm iu khin cuc gi, qun l di ng c mt MSC tiu chun. Tuy nhin n khng cha ma trn
chuyn mch. Ma trn chuyn mch nm trong MGW c MSC Serve iu khin v c th t xa MSC Serve.
Bo hiu iu khin cc cuc gi chuyn mch knh c thc hin gia RNC v MSC Serve. ng truyn cho cc
cuc gi chuyn mch knh c thc hin gi RNC v MGW. Thng thng MGW nhn cc cuc gi t RNC v
nh tuyn cc cuc gi ny n ni nhn trn cc ng trc gi. Trong nhiu trng hp ng trc gi. Trong
nhiu trng hp ng trc gi s dng giao thc truyn ti thi gian thc (RTP: Real Time Transport Protocol)tren
giao thc IP (Internet Protocol). Theo hnh v ta thy lu lng s liu gi t RNC i qua SGSN v t SGSN n
GGSN trn mng wongf trc IP. Nu gi thit rng c s liu v ting u c th s dng phng thc truyn qua IP
bn trong mng li , th c th cu trc mt ng trc h tr c hai dch v ny. Tuy nhin iu ny i hi u t
v chi ph cho khai thc rt ln so vi trng hp s dng cc mng ng trc tch bit cho chuyn mch knh v
gi.
ni m cuc gi cn chuyn n mt mng khc, PSTN chng hn, s c mt cng cc phng tin khc (MGW)
c iu khin bi MSC Serve cng (GMSC serve). MGW ny s chuyn thoi wocj ng gi thnh PCM tiu
chun a n PSTN. Nh vy chuyn i m ch cn thc hin ti im ny. V d: Gi thit nu ting giao
din v tuyn c truyn ti tc 12,2 kbit/s th tc ny phi wocj chuyn vo 64 kbit/s MGW gioa tip vi
PSTN. Truyn ti kiu ng gi ny cho php tit kim ng k rng bng tn nht l khi cc MGW cch xa nhau.
Giao thc iu khin gia MSC Serve hoc GMSC Serve vi MGW l giao thc ITU H.248. Giao thc ny c ITU
v IETF cng tc pht trin. N c tn l iu khin cng cc phng tin(MEGACO: Media Getway Control). Giao
thc iu khin cuc gi gi MSC Serve v GMSC Serve c th l mt giao thc iu khin cuc gi bt k. 3GPP
ngh s dng giao thciu khin cuc gi c lp vt mang (BICC:Beare Indepentdent Call Cotrol) c xy
dng trn c s khuyn ngh Q.1902 ca ITU.
Trong nhiu trng hp MSC Serve h tr c cc chc nng ca GMSC Serve, Ngoi ra MGW c kh nng giao din
vi tt c RAN v PSTN. Khi ny cuc gi n hoc t PSTN c th chuyn ni ht, nh vy c th tit kim ng k
u t. V d ta xt trng hp khi mt RNC c t ti thnh ph A v oc iu khin bi mt MSC t ti thnh
ph B. Gi s thu bao thnh ph A thc hin cuc gi ni ht. Nu khng c cu trc phn b, cuc gi cn chuyn
ti thnh ph A n thnh ph B (ni c MSC) u ni thu bao PSTN ti chnh thnh ph A. Vi cu trc phn
b, cuc gi c th c iu ti MSC Serve thnh ph B nhng ng truyn cc phng tin thc t c th vn
thnh ph A, nh vy gim ng k yu cu truyn dn v gi thnh khai thc mng.
T hnh v ta thy HLR cng c th c gi l Serve thu bao ti nh (HSS: Home Subscriber Serve)HSS v HLR
c chc nng tng ng, ngoi tr giao din vi HSS l giao din trn c s truyn ti gi (IP chng hn)trong khi
HLRs dng giao din trn c s bo hiu s 7. Ngoi ra cn c c giao din gi SGSN vi HSS/HLR v gia GGSN
vi HSS/HLR.
Rt nhiu giao thc c s dng bn trong mng li l c giao thc trn c s gi s dng hoc IP hoc ATM. Tuy
nhin mng phi giao tip vi cc mng giao tip truyn thng qua vic s dng cc cng cc phng tin . Ngoi ra
mng cng phi giao din vi cc mng SS7 tiu chun. Giao din ny c thc hin thng qua cng SS7 (SS7
GW). y l cng m mt pha n h tr truyn ti bn tin SS7 trn ng truyn ti SS7 tiu chun , phi kia n
truyn ti cc bn tin ng dng SS7 trn mng gi (IP chng hn). Cc thc ht nh MSC Serve, GMSC Serve v
HSS lin lc vi cng SS7 bng cch s dng cc giao thc truyn ti c thit k c bit mng cc bn tin
SS7 mngIP. B giao thc ny c gi l Sigtran.
Bc pht trin tip theo ca UMTS l kin trc mng a phng tin IP (hnh v)Bc pht trin ny th hin s
thay i ton b m hnh cuc gi. y c ting v s liu c x l ging nhau trn ton b ng truyn t u
cui ca ngi s dng n ni nhn cui cng. C th coi kin trc ny l s hi t ton din ca ting v s liu.
MGW thc hin tng tc vi cc mng ngoi mc ng truyn a phng tin. MGW kin trc mng ca pht
hnh 3GPP 5 c chc nng ging nh pht hnh 4. MGW c iu khin bi chc nng cng iu khin cc
phng tin (MGCF). Giao thc iu khin gia cc thc th ny l ITU-T H.248.
Cu trc IP l mt tng cng ca mng pht hnh 1999, hoc 4. N a thm vo mt vng mi trong mng l
vng a phng tin IP (IM: IP Multimedia). Vng mi ny cho php mang c thoi v s liu qua IP trn ton tuyn
ni n my cm tay. Vng ny s dng vng chuyn mch gi PS cho mc ch truyn ti. Kin trc ny c xy
dng trn cc cng ngh gi v in thoi IP cho ng thi cc dch v thi gian thc v khng thi gian thc. Kin
trc cho php chuyn mng ton cu v tng hp vi cc mng ngoi nh: cc mng thng tin di ng th h hai
hin c, cc mng s liu cng cng, cc mng VoIP v cc mng a phng tin.
7. CC LOI THIT B U CUI 3G:
+ Ting: 8/16/32 kbit/s
+ S liu (chng hn PCM CIA).
- Truyn dn s liu bng m em ting cho cc tc :1,2 kbit/s, 2,4 kbit/s, 4,8 kbit/s, 9,6 kbit/s, 19,2 kbit/s, 28,8
kbit/s.
- Truyn dn s liu s chuyn mch theo mch cho cc tc : 64 kbit/s; 128 kbit/s; u cui video thp hn 2 Mbit/s
+ nh tnh (u cui cho PSTN)
+ Hnh nh di ng: c phn loi theo cc cp bc cht lng (32/64/128 kbit/s)
+ Thoi c hnh cht lng cao vi tc khng thp hn 128 kbit/s
7.1 Thit b u cui ging my thu hnh
+ u cui kt hp my thu hnh v my vi tnh
+ My thu hnh cm tay c kh nng thu c MPEG
7.2 Thit b u cui s liu gi:
+PC c ca thng tin cho php :
- in thoi c hnh
- Vn bn, hnh nh, truy nhp c s d liu, video
+ u cui PDA
- PDA tc thp
- PDA tc cao hoc trung bnh
- PDA kt hp vi sch in t b ti
+ My nhn tin hai chiu
+ Sch in t b ti c kh nng thng tin