Saeid,Semaan,Ton1

AnnotatedBibliography
Primary

2Pac.WordsofWisdom.1991.MP3.
In2Pacssongabouttheblackrace,hedeliverstheideathatblacksarenotinferior,but
theyaresuperiorinmanycases.HementionsMalcolmXandhowhewasnotmentioned
inschooltextbooks,norwereotherblackleaders.Thissongisslightlybiasedintheway
thatitisbeingconveyedbyablackmanwhowasaffectedbythewhitegovernment.We
willusethistoshowthatMalcolmXstilllivesintodaythroughentertainment.

"ADeclarationofIndependence(March12,1964)."N.p.,n.d.Web.25Jan.2015.
ThisPDFhadatranscriptofMalcolmXsspeechattheMuslimMosqueInc.sinitial
pressconference.Hediscussesthereasoningbehindthecreationoftheorganization.He
alsoexplainsthereasoningoftheideologyoftheorganizations.Wewillusethisto
describetheMuslimMosqueInc.

Breitman,George,ed.
MalcolmXSpeaks:SelectedSpeechesandStatements
.NewYork:Grove
Weidenfeld,1990.Print.
ThisbookcontainedmanyspeechesthatMalcolmXgave.Italsocontainedsomeofhis
shortstatements.Itcontainedallofhismostimportantandwellknownspeeches.Each
speechwasaboutaspecifictopicthatMalcolmfelttheneedtoaddress.Thebookalso
containedmanyinterviewswithMalcolm,inwhichheexpressedhisideasondifferent

Saeid,Semaan,Ton2

topicsconcerningthecivilrightsmovement.Wewilluseinformationfoundinthebook
tosupportthepointsofMalcolmXsleadership.

Brown,James.SayitLoudImBlackandImProud.1968.MP3.
InJamesBrownssong,heexpresseshisfeelingsaboutbeingBlack.Hesingsabout
beingproudtobeanAfricanAmerican.HealsoexpresseshowtheAfricanAmerican
communitywillnotstopfightinguntiltheygetwhattheydeserve.Thissongshowshow
oneofMalcolmXsmainbeliefs,Blackpride,ispresentinmusic.Wewillusethissong
toshowhowMalcolmXsencouragementofBlackPridecanbeseeninmusic.

"ExcerptsfromOAAUFoundingRally."
PanAfricanPerspective
.N.p.,n.d.Web.25Jan.2015.
ThiswebsitehadexcerptsfromMalcolmXsOrganizationofAfroAmericanUnity
FoundingRally.MalcolmXspeaksabouthisseparationfromtheNationofIslamand
thecreationofhisneworganization.Heexplainsthefivemainpointsofthe
organization.Wewillusethisinformationtostatethefivemainpointsofthe
OrganizationofAfroAmericanUnity.

Handler,M.S."BlackMuslimsAskedtoHelpTreatAddictsHere."
NewYorkTimes
10Jan.
1964:Web.4Nov2014

In,
BlackMuslimsAskedtoHelpTreatAddictsHere
,manyBlackMuslimsturnedto
MalcolmXsguidancetohelpthemovercometheiraddictiontonarcoticsandalcohol.
ThegoalofthisarticlewastoprovethatMalcolmXdidnotjusthelptheAfrican

Saeid,Semaan,Ton3

Americaninracialstruggles,butalsohelpedtheminalltypesoflifestruggles.Wewill
usetheinformationinthisarticletoproveMalcolmslegacyandleadership.

Hyman,Mark."PeopleAreTalkingAbout."
PhiladelphiaTribune
1Apr.1950:9.
ProQuest
HistoricalNewspapers
.Web.10Nov.2014.
ThisnewspaperarticleconveysthemistreatmentofAfricanAmericansoldiersduringthe
KoreanWar.ItalsoshowedsomeoftheotherwaysthatAfricanAmericanswere
discriminatedagainst,suchasunfaireducationalopportunities.Wewillusethisarticleto
helpdevelopmyhistoricalcontextandgiveexamplesofhowAfricanAmericanswere
oppressed.

Kihss,Peter."MalcomXShottoDeathatRallyHere."
MalcomXShottoDeathatRallyHere
.
TheNewYorkTimes,22Feb.1965.Web.02Dec.2014.

Thisarticle,thoughslightlybiasedagainstMalcolm,describestheeventssurroundingthe
deathofMalcolmX,beforeandafter.KihsswritesabouthowtheNationofIslamwas
directlyinvolvedwithhisdeathandspecifiesthemembersthatshottheMuslimspeaker.
WewillusethistoshowhowMalcolmaffectedthemembersoftheNOIwiththeir
opposingviewsonsimilartopicsandinthebiographysection.

PhiladelphiaEveningBulletin,Newspaperclippingcollection,

BlackAllianceFormedbySNCC
AndPanthers,
23July.1968.Philadelphia,TempleUniversityLibraries,Special
CollectionsResearchCenter.

Saeid,Semaan,Ton4

ThisarticleinthePhiladelphiaEveningBulletin,hadinformationaboutanalliancethat
wasformedbetweentheBlackPantherPartyandtheStudentNonviolentCoordinating
Committee.ThealliancewasformedinordertouniteBlackmilitantgroupsinorderto
formaBlackpoliticalParty.Thesetwoorganizations,whichMalcolmXinspired,
wantedtouniteinordertohelptheAfricanAmericancommunity.Wewillusethis
articletoshowtwooftheorganizationsMalcolmXinspired.

PhiladelphiaEveningBulletin,Newspaperclippingcollection,

MuslimsPlanFundForNegro
Schooling,
24Nov.1965.Philadelphia,TempleUniversityLibraries,SpecialCollections
ResearchCenter.
InthisarticleintheCourierPostNewspaper,informationwasgivenonthetopicofone
oftheNationofIslammosquesplanningonraisingmoneyforschools.Theschoolswere
forAfricanAmericanstohaveabettereducation.ThemosquewasMosque20in
Camden,NJ.Wewillusethisnewspaperarticleinordertosupportthepointson
MalcolmXexpressinghisleadershipbyfurtheringBlackeducation.

PhiladelphiaEveningBulletin,Newspaperclippingcollection,

NegroEducationGains,
3Jun.
1951.Philadelphia,TempleUniversityLibraries,SpecialCollectionsResearchCenter.
ThisarticlefromthePhiladelphiaEveningBulletinshowstheimprovementof
educationalopportunitiesforAfricanAmericans.Inthearticle,itisstatedthatthe
enrollmentofAfricanAmericansstudentsincollegeincreasedgreatlyinabout50years.
Howevereventhoughthepercentagesincreasedverymuch,thereisstillagapbetween

Saeid,Semaan,Ton5

otherinstitutions.Wewillusethisarticletoshowtheimprovementofeducationof
AfricanAmericanthroughtheencouragementofleaderssuchasMalcolmX.

PhiladelphiaEveningBulletin,Newspaperclippingcollection,

NegroIncomeMedianIsHalf
ThatofWhites,
27Aug.1936.Philadelphia,TempleUniversityLibraries,Special
CollectionsResearchCenter.
ThisarticlefromTheSpecialCollectionsResearchCenteratTempleconveys
informationgatheredthroughresearchabouttoincomesofbothwhiteandnonwhite
worker.Thearticlestatedthatwhiteworkersreceivedabouttwiceasmuchmoneyas
theirincomeasnonwhiteworkers,includingAfricanAmericansreceived.Wewilluse
thisarticletoshowhowAfricanAmericanswerenttreatedequallyonthebasisofjobs
andtoaddhistoricalcontext.

PhiladelphiaEveningBulletin,Newspaperclippingcollection,
TheMeaningofBlackPride,
10
Sep.1972.Philadelphia,TempleUniversityLibraries,SpecialCollectionsResearch
Center.
ThisisanarticlefromtheSpecialCollectionsResearchCenteratTemplewhichshows
howMalcolmredefinedBlackpride.Wewillusethisarticleinblackpridetoshowhow
afterhisdeath,MalcolmX,alongwithotherfigures,increasedthelevelofself
confidenceamongtheblackcommunity.

Saeid,Semaan,Ton6

PhiladelphiaEveningBulletin,Newspaperclippingcollection,
UrbanLeagueChiefPraises
WhitesConcernforNegro,
10Feb.1966.Philadelphia,TempleUniversityLibraries,
SpecialCollectionsResearchCenter.
ThisarticleretrievedfromTemplesSpecialCollectionsResearchCentertalksabouthow
duringthemid1900s,Americacouldnotmoveforwardinworldeconomicswithoutthe
inclusionofAfricanAmericans.ThearticlesshowsthatAfricanAmericansandwhites
neededtoworktogetheriftheywantedtomoveforwardeconomicallywiththerestofthe
world.WewillusethisarticletoshowanexampleofwhatAfricanAmericanswere
fightingfor.

X,Malcolm,andAlexHaley.
TheAutobiographyofMalcolmX
.NewYork:One
World/Ballantine,1992.Print.

TheAutobiographyofMalcolmX
goesintodetailaboutthestrugglesMalcolmand
otherslikehimduringthattimewentthrough.Thegoalofthisbookwastoshowhis
transformationfrombeingahustlerinHarlem,toaleaderoftheNationofIslam,and
finallytoanindependentspeakerandorganizer.WhendescribingMalcolmsyouthasa
hoodlum,itwasabitexaggeratedtoenhancethechangethathewentthrough.Wewill
usethisbooktoemphasishowMalcolmhelpedhimselftobecomeanamazingleader
andhelpingothersalongtheway.

Secondary

Saeid,Semaan,Ton7

Ayers,Rick.
ByAnyMeansNecessary:MalcolmX:Real,NotReinvented.
ThirdWorldPress,
28Feb.2012.Print.
ThisbookisinconversationwithManningMarablesbook,
MalcolmX:ALifeof
Reinvention.
ThoughitsmostlyquestioningMarablesbeliefsaboutMalcolmXs
autobiography,thebookalsohasinformationaboutMalcolmXslife.Itshowshisviews
ontheCivilRightsMovementandwhathewantedoutofit.Italsodescribedsomeofthe
organizationsthatheinspiredandhisbeliefs.Wewillusethisbooktoshowwhich
organizationsMalcolminfluenced.

Boggs,GraceLee"TheMalcolmIRemember."
MichiganCitizen
May2012:1.
ProQuest.
10
Oct.2014
GraceLeeBoggstalksabouttheconnectionbetweenreadingbookaboutMalcolmX
andherexperiencesfromlisteningtoMalcolmXsspeeches.Shedescribeshistalentin
speakingandwhohiswordswerehisweapons.Wewillusethistoprovehowhis
powerfulspeecheshelpedhimbecomeamoreeffectiveandinfluencingleader.

Brown,Kevin.
MalcolmX:HisLifeandLegacy.
BtBound,1999.Print
EventhoughthisbookisanoverviewofMalcolmXslife,itgoesintogreatdetail
abouthiseffectsontheNationofIslamandhowhetriedveryhardtochangethis
organizationforthebetter.Thegoalofthisbookwastointertwinethedetailsabout
Malcolmslifeandhiseffectsonthepeoplewhofollowedhim.Wewillusethis
informationtoshowtheoutcomeofMalcolmsleadershipintheNationofIslam.

Saeid,Semaan,Ton8

Burnett,Lucy."OrganizationofAfroAmericanUnity(OAAU)1965."
BlackPast.org
.N.p.,n.d.
Web.25Jan.2015.
ThisarticledescribestheoriginoftheOrganizationofAfroAmericanUnity.Itexplains
whereMalcolmXgottheideafortheorganizationfromanditsmainpoints.Itsstates
thathewasinspiredbytheOrganizationofAfricanUnity.Italsodescribeshow
MalcolmXdidnotwantanyoutsideinfluence.Wewillusethisarticletodescribethe
OrganizationofAfroAmericanUnity.

Calloway,Al."BlackPeopleMustNeverForgetWhatMalcolmXMeanstoUs."
SouthFlorida
Times
May2012:1.
ProQuest
.10Oct.2014
ThisdocumentisaboutMalcolmsbiographyandthestruggleshewentthroughduring
hislife.

AlCallowaysgoalistoremindAfricanAmericansaboutMalcolmXslifeand
hisaccomplishments.WewillusethisdocumentaspartofMalcolmsbriefbiographyto
showhowhispasthelpedhimbecomewhohewas.

Dyson,MichaelEric.
MakingMalcolm:TheMythandMeaningofMalcolmX
.NewYork:
OxfordUP,1995.Print.
ThisbookincludesinformationaboutBlacknationalism.Itgivesmultiplewaystolookat
Blacknationalism.Italsogivesanideaofwhatcausedit.Itconveyshowheinfluenced
rapculture.ThebookalsolistsorganizationsthatMalcolmXinspired.Wewillusethe
booktosupportpointsmadeabouttheimportanceofBlackpridetoMalcolmXandthe

Saeid,Semaan,Ton9

CivilRightsMovementandhowheinfluencedthecultureusinghisideasofBlack
pride.Wewillalsouseittoshowwhichorganizationsheinspired.

Harris,Barbara."HelloMalcolm!AreYouWatching?"
JacksonAdvocate
Feb2013:1.
ProQuest
.11Oct.2014
BarbaraHarriscomparesMalcolmXslifetomanychildrenslivestoday.This
documentfocusesonhowchildrenwithoutfathers,especiallyAfricanAmericans,
shouldlookuptoMalcolmXsincehewentthroughthesamestruggle.Thegoalofthis
documentprovedthatbylookingatMalcolmXslife,onecanseethemultiple
similaritiestheyshareandchangetheirlifeforthebetter.Wewillusethisinformationto
provethatMalcolmXinfluencedandstillinfluencesmanytodaybyhislifestoryand
legacy.

Jackson,Cheryl."MalcolmX`sInfluenceRebornAmongBlackCollegeStudents."Chicago
Tribune.ChicagoTribune,20May1991.Web.12Dec.2014.

ThisarticlebyCherylJacksontellsofthecollegestudentsthatwereinspiredby
MalcolmX.ShesaysthatthoughthereareotherleaderssuchasMartinLutherKingJr,
whowasanonviolentman,therewasMalcolm,amanwhowasaggressiveanddefied
thelaw,whomyoungadultslookedupto.JacksonshowsnobiasedviewonMalcolmX
ortherestofherinformation.WewillusethistoshowwhyMalcolmwaslookedupto

Saeid,Semaan,Ton10

bythewaythathestoodoutfromothernonviolentleadersbybeinganadvocateforthe
useofviolence.

Marable,Manning.
MalcolmX:ALifeofReinvention.
NewYorkCity:ThePenguinGroup,
2011.Print.
MarablesbookisinconversationwithMalcolmXsautobiography.Headdsto
informationprovidedintheautobiographyandalsogivesanotherlookatsomeof
MalcolmXsideas.ThisbookshowsthatMalcolmXwaspromotedtotheNationof
IslamsNationalMinister.ItdescribeswhathewantedfortheAfricanAmericans.Italso
showshowMalcolmXbecameanidolforAfricanAmericanyouth.Thebookalso
describestheMuslimMosqueInc.WewillusethisbooktoshowhowMalcolmXwasa
leaderthroughwhathedidforElijahMuhammadasNationalMinisterandtodescribe
theMuslimMosqueInc.

Natambu,Kofi.
MalcolmX(CriticalLives)
.Alpha,2001.Print.
MalcolmX(CriticalLives)
isaboutMalcolmslifeandhisimpactonpeoplesviews
aboutpoliticsandculture.Thegoalofthisbookwastoshowitsreadershowthedetails
aboutMalcolmslifeandhisaccomplishmentswasimportanttomanylivesaswell.It
alsodescribestheworkMalcolmXdidwiththeNationofIslam.Wewillthisbookto
showMalcolmXseffectonyoungstersandhustlerslivesandhowhehelpedtoget
themoffthestreetandintotherightpathandalsotodescribehowtheNationofIslam
helpededucateexconvicts.

Saeid,Semaan,Ton11

Shakur,YusefBlunchy"RememberingMalcolmX,RedefiningBlackFamilies."
Michigan
Citizen
May2012.
ProQuest
.11Oct.2014.
ShakurtriestoshowhowMalcolmXslifeaffectedmanylives.Thisisprovenwith
examplesofmanyprisonersleavingjailasbetterpeopleandpreviousaddictssincethey
basedtheirexperienceonMalcolmschanginglife.Wewillusethisarticletoargue
Malcolmslegacyandhowhelefthisaffectonpreviousaddictionsandexconvicts
today.

"TheKuKluxKlaninthe1920s."
PBS
.Web.30Nov.2014.

Thiswebsitegivesitsreadersageneraloverviewofthe1920sespeciallyinvolving
AfricanAmericans.TheKuKluxKlanismentionedandhowtheyaffectedmany
AfricanAmericanslife.Wewillusetheinformationobtainedtospeakabouthowthe
environmentMalcolmXwasborninandhowtheKKKplayedaroleinsociety.

Williams,Yohuru.Personalinterview.8November2014.
Inthisinterview,weaskedmultiplequestionstoDr.YohuruWilliams.Eachquestion
focusedonadifferentaspectofMalcolmXslife,mainlyconcerninghislegacy.The
questionsincludedinformationabouthisinfluenceondifferentorganizationsandthe
youth,hiscontributionstothecivilrightsmovement,andhisimpactontodayssociety.
Wewillusethisinformationtodemonstratehiscontributiontothecivilrightsmovement
andtodescribetheBlackPantherParty.