CHNG 4

TNH TON THIT K TUYN THNG TIN SI QUANG

T VNPT TAM K N VNPT THA THIN HU
4. Gii thiu chng:
Ni dung chng 3 trnh by:
+ Thc hin tnh ton thit k (Ghp knh theo bc sng gm 16 knh)
+ Tnh ton cng sut ngun pht, ngun thu
+ Tnh chn b khuch i EDFA
+ Tnh si b tn sc DCF
+ Tnh ton thi gian ln
+ Tnh ton cc tn hao trn ng truyn
+ Tnh chn b khuch i v v tr lp t
4.1 Thc hin tnh ton thit k
y bi ton thit k tuyn cp quang t VNPT Tam K - VNPT Tha Thin
Hu c s dng b khuch i quang EDFA t ti VNPT Nng, ghp knh theo bc
sng WDM c 16 knh, tng chiu di tuyn l 170 km.
Khong cch t VNPT Tam K n VNPT Nng l 70Km
Khong cch t VNPT Nng n VNPT Hu l 100Km
S dng si quang n mode SMF 154km v si b tn sc DCF l 16km.
Da vo bng khuyn ngh G652 chn si quang.
Si quang n mode c cc thng s k thut nh sau:
- ng knh trng mode bc sng 1550 nm:
- ng knh si c v:

10,5 m 1 m.
125 m 3 m .

- Suy hao (1550 nm ):

0,25 dB/km.

- H s tn sc (1550 nm ):

17 ps/ km. nm.

- Bc sng ct (cc):
- chu nn:
- Di nhit lm vic:

1270 nm.
240 kg/cm.
-400C 700C.

1 m.
nhy bc.
n mode.
4km.
120 mm.
240
mm.

- lch tm trng mode:

- Chit sut:
- Loi si:
- Chiu di mi cun cp:
- Bn knh cong nh nht khi khng ti:
- Bn knh cong nh nht khi c ti:
+ Chn mi cun cp di 4km.
+Chn tc bt truyn dn STM-16, Rb=2,5 Gb/s
+ BER cho php 10-11 .
+ M s dng l m NRZ

+ Do tuyn di nn c s dng mt b khuch i quang EDFA ti Nng.

4.2 Tnh ton thit k VNPT Tam K - VNPT Tha Thin Hu
Khong cch 170km tc yu cu 2,5Gb/s (STM-16) theo ph lc B (bng B1)
th m s thit b c xc nh l L-16.2 v L-16.3 tng ng vi bc sng l 1550nm.
Chn thit b c bc sng 1550nm l L-16.2
Si quang theo khuyn ngh G.654 c suy hao l = 0,25dB/km.
* Cc thng s ngun pht (Source)
- Thit b pht quang Laser diode (LD)
Tham s
Dng ngng
in p st trn Laser
Hiu sut ghp quang
Tuyn tnh
Bc sng lm vic

Gi tr
10mA 20mA
1,5V 2,5V
Si n mode (SMF)30% - 50%
Tt
1550nm

Di sng lm vic [minmax]

Cng sut pht PTX
Thi gian ln tTX
rng ph
ng dng
-

1mW 50mW
Nhanh (1ns)
(0,01 n 0,1)nm

H thng tc cao, tuyn truyn di

Bng 4.1 Thng s k thut ca Laser diode (LD)

Thit b thu quang photodiode PIN

Thng s

K hiu n v Si

Di bc sng

Ge

InGaAs

Nm

400-1100 800-1650

1100-1700

A/W

0,4-0,6

0,4-0,5

0,75-0,95

Dng ti

Id

nA

1-10

50-500

0,5-2

Thi gian ln
Bng thng
in p phn cc

tr
BW
VB

Ns
GHz
V

0,5-1
0,3-0,7
5

0,1-0,5
0,5-3
5-10

0,05-0,5
1-2
5

H s chuyn i quangin

Bng 4.2 Thng s c bn ca loi Photodiode PIN

- Chn bc sng lm vic 850nm, 1300nm, 1550nm
Vi tc 2,5Gb/s tra bng ph lc B (bng B4) ta xc nh c ngun pht l
ph hp SLM.
- Cng sut ngun pht:

PTXmax = 0dBm
PTXmin = - 5dBm

* Lung quang gia S v R (gia ngun pht & ngun thu)

Nh vy, vi suy hao si l := 0,25dB/km trn khong cch 170km, th suy hao
trn si l: 0,25dB/km x 154km = 38,5dB, v 16km si b tn sc l 0,3dBx16km=4,8dB
Tng suy hao trn ton si(tuyn) l: 38,5dB+4,8dB=43,3dB
Suy hao mi hn = 0,1dB/mi.
Mi cun cp di 4km (4.000m), cho nn suy hao hn cho ton tuyn l:
[(170.000 : 4.000) - 2]x 0,1 = 4,05dB
Tng suy hao si v mi hn l: t= 43,3+4,05 = 47,35dB
* Tnh chn b khuch i EDFA
Vi gi thit cho t b khuch i EDFA ti VNPT Nng cch v tr trm
pht VNPT Tam K l 70km ( tnh d phng).
Suy hao do khong cch ny gy ra l : 0,25dB/km x70km = 17,5dB.

Nh vy : b lng suy hao do khong cch ny gy ra ta phi t mt b khuych

i c khuch i G

18 dB .

Chn b khuch i c li G = (19 n 25)dB. Nn chn b khuch i c

li G=25dB
* Thng s ti u thu(theo bng ph lc Bng IV.4 Thng s tuyn STM-16)
- Cng sut thu ti thiu cho php : PRXmin = - 26dBm
- Cng sut thu ti a (an ton) l:

PRXmax = - 9dBm

Nh vy: Cng sut ngun pht l:

0dBm

Suy gim u ni

- 2dB

D tr gi ha

- 1dB

Tng suy hao trn si v mi hn l:

t=47,35dB

Suy ra: Tng suy hao trn si, mi hn, u ni v d tr gi ha l:

Ploss = 2 + 1 + 47,35= 50,35dB
Nu khng d tr gi ha:

Ploss= 2 + 47,35= 49,35dB

Trng hp l tng: PRX = PTXmax = 0dB.

Nhng do b suy hao, nn cng sut ti u thu khi c b khuch i l:
P

=P

+G-P

= 0 + 25 49,35= - 24,35dBm.

Tha mn trong khong: PRXmin <

PRX

<PRXmax

tng ng -26 dBm < -24.35 dBm < -9 dBm.

Ngha l tuyn truyn dn cho tha mn iu kin qu cng sut.
Khi thit b mi lp t cha c hin tng gi ha th cng sut ti u thu khi c
b khuch i l:
PRX = 0 +25 49,35= -24,35 dBm < PRXmax = - 9 dBm.
u thu c an ton.
Sau 25 nm, cng sut ngun pht thp nht: PTX = PTXmin = - 5 dBm.
Th cng sut ti u thu s l: PRX = 0 + 25 49,35 -1 = -25,35dBm

PRX > PRxmin = -26 dBm. Vi PRmax=-9dBm >PRmin= -25,35dBm >-26dBm

u thu vn hot ng tt.
* Kt lun: Vi thit b la chn th tuyn truyn dn vn cn tha mn iu kin
v qu cng sut.
* Tnh ton cho si b tn sc ( DCF )
b tn sc, khi thit k ta phi chn 2 loi cp l cp truyn v cp b tn
sc.
si quang s dng L trn suy hao do tn sc l : D = 17 ps/km.nm .
Vi chiu di ca tuyn cp 170 km Ta s dng cp truyn L = 154 Km , cp b tn sc
L = 16 Km . Nh vy xp x 1km cp b tn sc cho 10km cp truyn .
Tnh ton cho si b tn sc: Khi pht cng cng sut pht ta s b tn sc sao
cho:

D L +D L

D = - (L1/L2)xD1

Thay s vo ta c :D = -(154/16)x17 = - 163ps/km/nm

Vi phng php ny, tn sc xung ti mi bc sng l gn bng nhau v bin
nhng khc du nhau trn mi on cp .
4.3 Tnh ton thi gian ln
- H thng hot ng c nu kt qu chnh lch ca thi gian ln cho php h
thng ln hn thi gian ln ca tuyn. Khong chnh lch gi l qu thi gian
Do tuyn c thit k s dng si quang n mode nn gi tr t mode c b qua.
- n s tnh cc tham s cn li nh sau:
+ Chn thi gian ln ca my pht linh kin Laser loi 2SC2525 c tTX= 0,3(ns) <
1 (ns)
+ Thi gian ln ca my thu tRX l:

+ n v bng thng ca my thu tnh bng[MHz]

2,5 Ghz = 2,5 * 10 Mhz =2500Mhz
+ Thi gian ln cho php i vi tn hiu l NRZ :

Trong : Bt : Tc Bit

+ Thi gian ln ca c tuyn tsys: Do TCD=

tnh ton c t

-t

= 0,15 (ns) < 0,28 (ns) = T

= D1L1+D2L2=0

v qu thi gian ln nh sau :

= 0,28 (ns) - 0.15 (ns) = 0, 13(ns).

Ngha l tho mn iu kin v qu thi gian ln .

* Kt lun: Vi thit b la chn th tuyn truyn dn vn hot ng tt.
4.4 Tnh ton tn hao trn ng truyn
y l suy hao tng trn sut chiu di tuyn, bao gm suy hao do bn thn si
quang gy ra v cc suy hao khc nh mi hn, mi ni v d phng cho s gi ha
thit b sau ny. Gi tr suy hao c tnh ton ng vi bng di y:

Loi tn hao

n v

S lng

Tng

Tn hao si

0,25dB/km

154 km

38,5 dB

Tn hao do si b tn sc

0,3dB/km

16km

4,8dB

Tn hao mi hn

0,1dB/mi

40,5

4,05dB

2 dB

2 dB

1dB/tuyn

1 dB

Tn hao mi ni (dng conector)

D phng

Tng cng:
Bng 4.3 Bng gi tr suy hao ton tuyn

50,35 dB

4.5 Tnh ton h s phm cht v t s tn hiu trn nhiu

-Da vo quan h gia Q, BER v OSNR tnh ton:
Yu cu ca tuyn c thit k l phi m bo t l li bit BER = 10-11 cho trc.
V BER l mt hm ca h s phm cht Q v t s tn hiu trn nhiu OSNR, nn tuyn
phi bo m Q v OSNR ti cui tuyn ln hn gi tr cho php.
H s phm cht Q c nh ngha nh sau:

: Bin dng in ca bt 1 v bt 0
: lch chun (nhiu) tng ng vi bt 1 v bit 0
Mi quan h gia Q v BER c biu din theo hm sai s b theo biu thc:

(4.1)
-Mt khc quan h gia BER v eSNR
Theo nh ngha eSNR b thu quang c th c vit di dng t s gia cng
sut tn hiu nh vi cng sut nhiu hiu dng:

(4.2)
Mt khc theo nh phn t s li bt my thu quang :

(4.3)

T (2) &(3) ta c th biu din t s li bt BER theo t s nhiu in eSNR

(4.4)
Theo nh cng thc (1) & (4) th ta c:

Biu din mi quan h gia BER v h s phm cht Q c nh sau:

Chart Title

LO G(BER)

Hnh 4.4 Quan h gia BER v h s phm cht Q

Da vo quan h gia BER v h s phm cht Q ta chn Q=6,7
Suy ra c eSNR = 4Q2=46,72= 179,56 180.
Nh vy : T s tn hiu trn nhiu u vo my thu nh nht thit b thu lm vic
c l : eSNR = 180

4.6 Tnh ton nhy my thu khi bit eSNR

Sau khi tnh c eSNR = 180 , ta i tm P

nh nht m my thu c th lm

vic c .
n gin hn cho vic tnh ton, ta bt u tnh tng thnh phn ca nhiu:
- Cng sut nhiu lng t c tnh theo biu thc:
(4.5)
- Cn nhiu dng ti c biu din theo cng thc :
(4.6)
-Nhiu nhit ph thuc vo nhit tuyt i, bng thng in v biu din di
dng :
(4.7)
-Vi K=1,38.10-23 J/K l hng s BoltZmam v T l nhit tuyt i.
- Tnh cng sut tn hiu n:
Gi RL l in tr ti ca my thu. Vy cng sut ca tn hiu n trn in tr RL l:

(4.8)
p dng cng thc tn hiu thu c trn tng cc thnh phn ca nhiu ta c
biu thc nh sau: [2]

Thay cc gi tr vo trn ta c:
(0,9025xPRX)2

:[3,2x10-19

23x300x2,5x109 ):50]=180

(0,95xPRX+

0,3x10-9)x2,5x10-19+(4x1,38x10-

Trin khai cng thc ta c phng trnh bc 2 theo PRX:

0,9025xP2RX -140,6x10-9PRX -14,9x10-11=0
Gii phng trnh bc hai ta c: PRX = 1,29.10-5 W
PRX = -1,27.10-5W (loi)
Vy nhy ca my thu l: PRX = 1,29.10-5 W
thun tin cho tnh ton ta i gi tr 1,29.10-5W ra n v dBm
PRX= 10log (1,29.10-5.10 ) = -18,89dBm.
T ta c cng sut pht ti u cho Laser trong trng hp s dng PIN:

Ta c cng thc

th:

Chn 1 b khuch i EDFA c G = 25dB

Suy ra :PT =PA - G+ PRX =50,35- 25 + (-18,89) = - 6,46 dBm
Vy chn cng sut pht ti thiu l -5 dBm.
4.7 Tnh ton b khuch i v v tr t
Gi L0 l khong truyn dn m h thng lm vic tt (my thu vn thu tt tn
hiu t my pht) m khng cn EDFA

Lo = (Ptx Pr)/ = (-1+18,86)/0,25 = 71,4km

Nh vy khong cch truyn dn cn t b EDFA l cch my pht di 71,4km.
Nu chn b khuch i quang l 25 dB th s b EDFA cn s dng l:
K = [(AB Lo)]/G = [(170-71,4)x0,25]/25 =0,986
Nn chn 01 b khuch i EDFA
Vy s b khuch i l 01 b khuch i EDFA
4.8 Kt lun chng
Cn c vo kt qu nu trnc th khng nh rng h thng thit k t yu cu
k thut v tuyn truyn dn hot ng tt.

Qua chng ny em cng thc hin c cc cng vic nh:

+ Thc hin tnh ton thit k (Ghp knh theo bc sng gm 16 knh)
+ Tnh ton cng sut ngun pht, ngun thu
+ Tnh chn b khuch i EDFA
+ Tnh si b tn sc DCF
+ Tnh ton thi gian ln
+ Tnh ton cc tn hao trn ng truyn
+ Tnh ton h s phm cht v t s tn hiu trn nhiu
+ Tnh ton nhy my thu khi bit eSNR
+ Tnh chn s b khuch i v v tr lp t
T lm nn tng ng dng sau ny cho cng vic tnh ton cc tuyn di, ngn,
v cc v tr lp t la chn cc thit b cng ngh, k thut ph hp.