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Mc lc
1 Tng quan v WiMAX.....................................................................17
1.1 Gii thiu chung v WiMAX.........................................................................17
1.2 S i ln t Wifi n WiMAX.......................................................................17
1.3 Hai m hnh ng dng WiMAX.....................................................................19
1.3.1 M hnh ng dng c nh (Fixed WiMAX)....................................................19
1.3.2 M hnh ng dng WiMAX di ng................................................................20
3.2 Lp MAC.......................................................................................................33
3.2.1 Service-specific convergence sublayer.............................................................34
3.2.2 MAC common path sublayer_lp con phn chung..........................................34
3.2.3 Lp con bo mt..............................................................................................41
Mc lc hnh nh
Hnh 1.1 M hnh mng WiMAX c nh..........................................................................8
Hnh 3.1 Cu trc khung OFDM dnh cho truyn TDD...................................................14
Hnh 3.2 Cu trc khung OFDM dnh cho truyn FDD...................................................15
Hnh 3.3 Cu trc khung WiMAX OFDM........................................................................18
Hnh 3.4 Minh ha khung OFDMA vi cu trc a vng.................................................19
Hnh 3.5 M hnh lp PHY v MAC................................................................................22
Hnh 3.7 nh dng MAC PDU........................................................................................25
Hnh 3.8 Generic MAC header format..............................................................................26
Hnh 3.9 Bandwidth request header..................................................................................27
Hnh 3.10 MAC management messages format................................................................28
Hnh 3.11 Ghp MAC PDU..............................................................................................28
Hnh 3.12 MAC PDU encryption.....................................................................................29
Hnh 3.13 M hnh lp con bo mt.................................................................................31
Hnh 3.14 Giao thc chng thc.......................................................................................34
Hnh 4.1 iu ch QPSK..................................................................................................36
Hnh 4.2 B bin i ni tip song song...........................................................................37
Hnh 4.3 T hp bit iu ch QPSK.................................................................................37
Hnh 4.4 S khi iu ch QPSK.................................................................................38
Hnh 4.5 S khi phng php iu ch M_QAM......................................................39
Hnh 4.6 K thut ghp knh theo tn s trc giao...........................................................40
Hnh 4.7 Cu trc ca mt k hiu OFDM.......................................................................41
Hnh 4.8 Tin t vng CP v hin tng a ng..........................................................43
Hnh 4.9 Hai ch song cng TDD v FDD..................................................................44
Hnh 4.10 Cu trc sng mang con OFDMA....................................................................46
Hnh 4.11 Knh con ha trong OFDMA...........................................................................47
Hnh 4.12 S to knh trong m hnh FUSH....................................................................48
Hnh 4.13 Cluster trong m hnh DL PUSH.....................................................................48
Hnh 4.14 Tile trong m hnh UL PUSH...........................................................................49
Hnh 4.15 M hnh AMC..................................................................................................50
Hnh 4.16 Nhm cc sng mang con cho mi ngi dng khc nhau..............................51
Mc lc bng biu
Bng 3.1 Thng s nh dng ca DLFP..........................................................................15
Bng 3.2 Mt s bn tin s dng kt ni c s.................................................................22
Bng 3.3 Mt s bn tin s dng kt ni qun l s cp...................................................22
Bng 3.4 Ni dung kha chng thc AK trong PMK version 2........................................31
Bng 3.5 Bng so snh chun 802.16d v 802.16e...........................................................33
Bng 4.1 Cc tham s t l OFDMA.................................................................................51
Bng 4.2 Tc d liu PHY trong WiMAX di ng......................................................53
Bng 4.3 Cc dch v WiMAX v QoS...........................................................................61
Wifi c thit k cho mng t thu bao,knh truyn ca n c nh kch thc khong
20Mhz, do vy rt km linh hot. Bn cnh , Wifi khng h tr kin trc Mesh, mt
kin trc m bo s lin thng tt trong mng th.Hn na, nu ta truyn trong
mi trng tt, t nhiu, tm nhn thng ( LOS ), dng cc Anten nh hng vi cng
sut ln th Wifi cng ch t ti khong cch vi km, rt hn ch cho vic ph
song trong mt pham vi ln
S ra i ca Wimax khc phc c nhng nhc im trn ca Wifi. Hin nay,
Wimax c xem l mt gii php ton din ca cng ngh khng dy bng rng
trong th, ngoi v nhng vng nng thn xa xi ho lnh Wimax cho php
truyn khng dy cc loi d liu, hnh nh, m thanh nhanh hn c DSL hay cp, v
tt nhin l nhanh hn nhiu ln cc cng ngh khng dy hin hnh nh 802.11a hay
802.11b m khng yu cu iu kin truyn thng.
WiMAX l mng khng dy ph sng mt vng rng ln, thun tin cho vic trin
khai mng nhanh, thun li v c li ch kinh t cao so vi vic ko cp, c bit l
vng c a hnh phc tp. V vy, mng truy nhp khng dy bng rng WiMAX s
p ng c cc chng trnh ph cp Internet cc vng su, vng xa, ni c mt
dn c tha. i vi cc vng mt dn c va phi (ngoi vi cc thnh ph ln
ni i hi cung cp a dch v vi cht lng c m bo) th vic trin khai
WiMAX cung cp cc dch v a phng tin s nhanh v c hiu qu kinh t cao
hn v vi vic cung cp bng thng rng s p ng c cc yu cu v cht lng.
WiMAX c nhng u th vt tri so vi cc cng ngh cung cp dch v bng thng
rng hin nay v tc truyn d liu v gi c thp do cung cp cc dch v trn nn
IP. Vi kh nng truy nhp t xa, tc d liu cao p ng a dng cc dch v nh
Internet tc cao, thoi qua IP, video lung/chi game trc tuyn cng vi cc ng
dng cng thm cho doanh nghip nh hi ngh video v gim st video, mng ring
o bo mt... WiMAX ph hp vi cc ng dng truy cp xch tay, vi s hp nht
trong cc my tnh xch tay v PDA, cho php truy nhp khng dy bng rng ngoi
tri cc khu vc th, ng thi cng thch ng vi cc ng dng truy nhp bng
rng c nh nhng vng xa xi, ho lnh.
WiMAX l mt gii php tuyt vi v mt cng ngh kt ni nhng s cn mt chi ph
ln phi b ra pht trin h tng cho mt h thng mi trong khi h thng c vn
cn cha c s dng ht. Qu thc, nu phi u t mt khon kinh ph trin
khai WiMAX trn mt quy m ln trong khi cng ngh 3G vn l tim nng cha khai
thc ht th chc chn cc cng ty vin thng s phi tnh ton v cn nhc ht sc k
lng trc khi b tin u t cho vic pht trin dch v ny.
10
12
13
14
C php
DL_frame_prefix_format(){
Base_station_ID
Kch thc
Note
4 bits
Frame_number
Configuration_change_coun
t
Reserved
For (n=0;n<4;n++){
DL_frame_prefix_IE(){
Rate_ID/DIUC
4 bits
4 bts
4LBS ca BS_ID.
Burst c xc nh
bi DLFP s khng
c gii m nu
nhng bit ny khng
ph hp vi nhng bit
ca BS m n c
ng k
4 LBS
4 LBS ca gi tr
change count
S c thit lp v 0
4 bits
4 bits
i vi nhng thng
tin u tin n s
c m ha rate_ID
theo bng 224.
If(DIUC!=0){
Preamble present
1 bit
Length
11 bits
Nu bit ny bng 1
th preamble s nm
trc burst
S OFDM symbol
trong burst
} else {
Start time
}
}
}
HSC
}
12 bits
8 bits
ngoi tr thng tin c lu cho HCS v chia chng cho hm g (x) v s dng s d
nh l mt m HCS. Ti bn nhn, php chia DLFP cho g (x) s s d bng 0 nu
thng tin thu c l chnh xc.
Cu trc khung PMP trong WiMAX di ng
Trong h thng s dng TDD v FDD bn song cng, cc trm thu bao chp nhn
phi c to bi khong h truyn dn gia cc trm thu bao thu/pht SSRTG (
Subscriber Station Receive/Transmit Transition Gap ) v khong h truyn dn gia
cc trm thu bao pht/thu SSTTG ( Subscriber Station Transmit/Receive Transition
Gap ). Trm gc s khng th truyn thng tin ng xung ti mt trm mun hn
thi gian SSRTG v tr vng lp RTD ( Round Trip Delay ) trc khi bt u vic lp
lch cp pht ng ln u tin ca n. Thm vo , trm thu bao khng nhng
c php thu nhn mo u ng xung ( preamble downlink ) cho mi khung
m n cn cha ng d liu DL trong , bo m cho cc khong c ch nh
trn khng c chng lp vo phn mo u. Cc thng s SSRTG v SSTTG c
cung cp bi BS v SS da trn nhng yu cu trong qu trnh i vo mng
Hnh sau minh ha cu trc khung OFDM ch TDD.Mi khung c chia ra
thnh cc khung ln v khung xung bi b Pht / Thu v Thu / Pht trnh ng
gia ng ln v ng xung. Trong mt khung, cc thng tin iu khin i theo
m bo h thng hot ng ti u :
- Phn u khung ( Preamble ) : Phn mo u, c s dng cho ng b, l symbol
OFDM u tin ca khung.
- Tiu iu khin khung FCH ( Frame Control Head ) : FCH nm sau phn mo
u khung. N cung cp thng tin cu hnh khung nh di bn tin MAP, nguyn l
m ha v cc knh con hu dng.
- DL-MAP v UL-MAP : DL-MAP v UL-MAP cung cp s cp pht knh con v
cc thng tin iu khin khc ln lt cho cc khung con DL v UL.
- Sp xp UL : Knh con sp xp cho UL c cp pht cho cc trm di ng MS
( Mobile Station ) iu chnh thi gian vng kn, tn s v cng sut cng nh yu
cu v bng thng.
- UL CQICH : Knh UL CQICH cung cp cho trm di ng MS phn hi thng tin
trng thi knh.
- UL ACK : Knh UL ACK cung cp cho trm di ng MS phn hi thng tin bo
nhn DL HARQ.
17
18
19
3.1.1 C ch iu khin
ng b mng
TDD v FDD c th nhn bit, n s ngh (khng yu cu) tt c cc BS ng
b ha v thi gian theo mt tn hiu thi gian chung. Nu nh mt tn hiu thi gian,
BS vn tip tc hot ng v t ng ng b ha li theo theo tn hiu thi gian ca
mng khi n c phc hi. frequency references nhn c t timing reference c
th c s dng iu khin chnh xc tn s ca BS vi iu kin l chng p
ng nhng yu cu v chnh xc tn s theo 8.3.12. iu ny p dng trong iu kin
hot ng bnh thng trong qu trnh mt timing reference.
Ranging
C hai loi qu trnh ranging: initial ranging (ranging ban u) v periodic ranging
(ranging chu k). Initial ranging (ng b th) v power din ra trong hai pha: th
nht l lc ng k v lc mt ng b ha, th hai l trong qu trnh truyn da trn
mt chu k. Initial ranging s dng
Bandwidth requesting
C hai loi REQ Region trong mt frame l: REQ Region-full v REQ RegionFocuse. Trong mt REQ Region-full, khi mt subchannelization khng c active
mi TO s bao gm mt preamble ngn
Khi subchannelization c active, phn c cp c phn vo TO c trong tn s
v thi gian. rng (trong knh ph) v chiu di (trong OFDM symbol) ca mi
TO c nh ngha trong bn tin UCD (bng 352). Truyn thng tin ca mt SS s
bao gm
c nh ngha l tng cng sut thu ca mt thu bao cho trc chia cho s sng
mang ph active. Khi mt knh ph khng c thu, th s lng sng mang ph
active tng ng vi tt c cc thu bao v thut ton iu khin cng sut s mang li
tng cng sut thu t mt thu bao cho trc ti mc mong mun. BS s c kh
nng o chnh xc cng sut ca tn hiu burst nhn c. Gi tr ny sau c th
c so snh li vi mt mc tham chiu v kt qu sai lch c th gi tr li SS trong
mt bn tin. Thut ton iu khin cng sut c thit k h tr s suy gim cng
sut theo khong cch suy hao v s giao ng ca cng sut. S p dng thut ton
ny c a ra bi nh sn xut. Phm vi iu khin tng cng sut bao gm hai
phn: th nht l phn c nh v th hai l phn t ng iu khin bi phn hi.
Thut ton iu khin cng sut s xem xt n s tng tc gia khuych i cng
sut RF vi cc burst profile khc nhau.
Khi knh ph c thu, SS s duy tr mt cng sut c truyn tr khi t ti
mc cng sut ti a. Ngha l khi s lng knh ph cp cho mt ngi s dng
gim i, SS s gim tng cng sut c truyn mt cch tng ng m khng cn c
thm bn tin iu khin cng sut. Khi s knh ph tng tng cng sut c truyn s
c tng tng ng. Tuy nhin mc cng sut c truyn s khng t n mc ti
a. SS s thng bo cng sut ti a cho php v cng sut truyn bnh thng.
SS s thng bo cng sut ti a cho php v cng sut truyn hin thi. nhng thng
s ny c th c s dng bi BS phc v cho vic la chn m ha ,iu ch v
phn phi knh ph. Thut ton l do nh sn xut a ra. Cc thng s ny c
thng bo trong bn tin SBC-REQ. Cng sut truyn hin thi cng s c thng bo
trong bn tin REP-RSP nu nh c thch hp c thit lp.
Cng sut truyn hin thi l cng sut ca burst m mang bn tin. Cng sut ti a
cho php c quy inh cho cc mc iu ch BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM.
Thng s cng sut hin thi v cng sut ti a c n v l dbm. Cc thng s ny
dao ng vi bc nhy 0.5dbm trong phm vi t -64dbm (m ha 0x00) n
63.5dbm (m ha 0xFF). Cc gi tr ngoi khong ny s c gn cho gi tr trong
khong m gn nht. Nhng SS khng h tr iu ch 64QAM s thng bo gi tr
0x00 trong trng cng sut ln nht dnh cho iu ch 64QAM.
21
3.2 Lp MAC
Cng ging nh cc b phn khc ca h 802 ca IEEE, m hnh tham chiu chun
802.16e ca WiMAX di ng ch tp trung vo hai lp : lp lin kt d liu ( Datalink
Layer ) v lp vt l ( Physical Layer ) trong m hnh OSI.
22
Point to point
Mi SS c mt a ch MAC 48-bit, a ch ny l duy nht n c s dng trong qu
trnh x l ng nhp cho mt SS. Cc kt ni c nhn bit boi 16 bit CID, ti SS
lc khi to c 2 kt ni qun l (uplink v downlink) c thit lp gia BS v SS v
mt qun l th 3 na c th c to ra. Ba kt ni qun l ny nh x 3 cp khc
nhau ca QoS cho 3 mc qun l khc nhau gia BS v SS. Kt ni c s c s
dung bi BS MAC v SS MAC truyn cc ban tin qun l MAC ngn nh:
Message
name
DBPC-REQ
DBPC-RSP
REP-RSP
REP-REQ
Message description
Downlink Burst Profile Channel
Request
Downlink Burst Profile Channel
Response
Channel measurement Report
Response
Channel measurement Report Request
Connectio
n
Basic
Basic
Basic
Basic
23
Message
name
REG-REQ
Message description
Connection
Registration Request
REG-RSP
Registration Response
PKM-REQ
Privacy
Key
Request
Privacy
Key
Response
Primary
Management
Primary
Management
Primary
Management
Primary
Management
PKM-RSP
Management
Management
Mesh
Mi node c mt a ch MAC 48 bit. a ch ny l duy nht do cc nh sn xut thit
b a ra. a ch ny c s dng trong qu trnh x l mng v l mt phn ca
qu trnh x l chng thc
24
Sau khi c xc nhn vo mng th node ny s nhn 16 bit ID. Node ID l c s cho
vic nhn din node trong qu trnh hot ng. Node ID c truyn trong phn tip
u ph nm sau MAC header chung trong thng ip unicat v broadcast .
Link ID c gi tr bit c s dng cho a ch node trong local neighborhood, mi
mt node s gn mt ID dnh cho mi link m n thit lp ti hng xm ca n. Link
ID c truyn nh mt phn ca CID trong generic MAC header trong bn tin
unicast
25
26
+ LEN (Length) c chiu di 11 bit, l chiu di tnh bng byte ca MAC PDU bao
gm MAC header v CRC nu n c.
+ Type c chiu di 6 bit ch r loi subheader v loi payload hin thi trong
message payload
Bandwidth Requet PDU s bao gm ch c bandwidth requet header m khng c
payload. Cu trc bandwidth request header c miu t sau y:
27
3.2.3 Lp con bo mt
Lp con bo mt cung cp cho ngi s dng kh nng bo mt v chng thc thng
qua mng khng dy din rng. N c th thc hin c nhng iu ny bi c
ng dng cc chuyn i m ho cho MAC PDU khi truyn dn qua cc kt ni gia
SS v BS
Bn cnh , lp con bo mt h tr hot ng vi kh nng bo v cao chng li cc
hnh vi trm cp dch v. BS bo v chng li s truy cp khng qua xc thc ti cc
dch v vn chuyn d liu ca chng bng vic bo m cc lung dch v lin kt
thng qua mng. Lp con bo mt s dng giao thc qun l kho chng thc
client/server , trong , BS vi vai tr l server s iu khin vic cp pht cc thng
s kho cho SS vi vai tr l client. Thm vo , cc c ch bo mt c bn c
tng cng bng cch b sung cc chng ch s da trn vic chng thc cc thit b
SS ti giao thc qun l kho.
Tt c lu lng d liu gia BS v SS c m ho, ch tr thng tin qun l MAC.
Tuy nhin, trng tm ca lp con ring bit l bo v cc nh cung cp dch v chng
li hnh vi trm dch v, v tt nhin l bo v c ngi dng dich v. M ho d liu
ngi dng l phng php hiu qu chng li hnh vi trm dch v.
M hnh lp con bo mt
Lp con bo mt bao gm 2 giao thc cu thnh l :
Giao thc ng gi dnh cho vic bo mt cc gi d liu khi truyn qua mng khng
dy bng rng. Giao thc ny c nh ngha l mt b cc mt m h tr kt hp
30
31
Thng s
Kch
AK
Chui dy s AK
thc
160
4
AK Lifetime
--
Chui dy s PMK
HMAC/CMAC_KEY_U
HMAC/CMAC_PN_U
160/128
32
ng dng
Kha chng thc
Chui dy s ca cc kha gc ( PAK
v PMK ) cho AK. Gi tr ny l s
kt hp gia ti a 2 bit trong chui
dy s PAK v ti thiu 2 bit trong
chui dy s PMK
L khong thi gian m kha ny c
gi tr. AK lifetime = MIN ( PAK
lifetime v PMK lifetime ) - khi n
ht hiu lc, s ti chng thc c
s dng
Chui dy s PMK c xut pht
bt ngun t kha chng thc
c s dng ng k cho cc bn
tin qun l UL
c s dng ngn chn s tn
cng tr li ca bn tin UL trong kt
ni qun l - khi n ht hiu lc, s
32
HMAC/CMAC_KEY_D
160/128
HMAC/CMAC_PN_D
32
KEK
160
EIK
160
33
Tc
Knh bng thng
ng dng di ng
Bn knh ph sng
WiMAX c nh
802.16d
< 11 GHz
LOS, NLOS
WiMAX di ng
802.16e
< 6 GHz
NLOS
TDD,FDD,HFDD
TDMA
QPSK,16 QAM,64
QAM, OFDM 256
TDD
OFDMA,SOFDMA
QPSK,16 QAM,64
QAM, OFDM
(128,256,512,1024)
30 MHz / knh 10
MHz
5, 7,8 .75, 10 MHz
Di ng < 120 km/h
1 3 km , ti a 15
km
35 MHz / knh 10
MHz
3.5 , 7 , 10 MHz
C nh, Nomandic
6 10 km , ti a 50
km
35
0011
B bin i
ni tip song
song
36
B
Hnh 4.16 B bin i ni tip song song
0111
3 5 7
,
,
4
4
4
+ 0 )
3
+ 0 )
4
5
+ 0 )
4
7
+ 0 )
4
37
x t x n . p t nTb
y t y n . p t nTb
x n v y n
l cc mc bin ri rc.
38
40
41
Tg
Ts
42
43
44
4.4.1 TDMA
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access ) a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian: Ph
tn s c chia th thnh cc di tn lin lc , mi di tn lin lc ny c dng
chung cho N knh lin lc, mi knh lin lc l mt khe thi gian trong chu k 1
khung sao cho khng c s chng cho ln nhau. Lin lc c thc hin song cng
mi hng thuc cc di tn lin lc khc nhau, iu ny lm gim nhiu giao thoa
ng k.
4.4.2 OFDMA
Truy cp phn chia theo tn s trc giao (OFDMA) l cng ngh a sng mang pht
trin t cng ngh OFDM , ng dng nh mt cng ngh a truy cp. OFDMA h tr
cc nhim v ca cc nhm sng mang con i vi cc thu bao nht nh. Mi mt
nhm sng mang con c biu th nh mt knh con (subchannel), v mi thu bao
c ch nh mt hoc nhiu knh con truyn pht da trn mi yu cu c th v
lu lng ca mi thu bao.
Knh con ho (sub-channelization) trn ng ln l tu chn trong cng ngh
WiMAX, khi khng s dng knh con ho, nhng s hn ch iu tit v yu cu cc
CPE chi ph hiu qu gy ln qu ng truyn khng i xng, iu ny cng dn
n phm vi h thng trn ng truyn ln b hn ch. Knh con ho cho php qu
ng truyn c cn bng lm cho li (gain) ca h thng l tng t nhau i
vi c ng truyn ln v xung. Knh con ho tp trung ng sut pht vo mt vi
sng mang OFDM, iu ny lm tng li h thng v m rng h thng, khc phc
c tn hao thm nhp to nh hoc gim cng sut tiu th ca CPE. Vic s dng
knh con ho cn c m rng hn trong truy nhp a sng mang phn chia theo tn
45
s trc giao (OFDMA) cho php s dng linh hot hn ti nguyn cung cp cho di
ng.
Cu trc k hiu OFDM bao gm 3 loi sng mang con c biu din nh hnh
sau :
- Sng mang con d liu cho truyn d liu
- Sng mang con dn ng cho mc ch nh gi v ng b
- Sng mang con v dng khng dung cho truyn dn m c s dng cho di bo v
v cc sng mang DC
46
mt symbol OFDMA
Vi m hnh ny, do cc sng mang ph c tri dc trn bng thng nn t c
theo phn tp tn s l tt nht. FUSH c dung ch yu cho ng xung
M hnh PUSH
i vi DL PUSH: cc sng mang con kh dng s c nhm thnh cc
cluster
Mi cluster cha 28 sng mang con lin k tri u trn 2 symbol OFDMA
48
Tile cha 4 sng mang con lin k tri trn 3 symbol OFDMA
49
khc vi cc sng mang trong knh con 1 trong cell 2 ). S hon i gi ngu nhin
ny c nh hng tng i n nhiu. iu ny lm gim tc ng i nghch ca
hin tng nhiu gia cc cell. Nhn chung, FUSC v PUSC l 2 ty chn tt nht cho
cc ng dng di ng, trong khi AMC ph hp hon ton vi cc ng dng c nh,
mang xch v di chuyn chm.
Vn a truy cp c thc hin bng cch cung cp cho mi ngi dng mt phn
trong s cc sng mang c sn. N cho php mt vi sng mang con c phn chia
cho nhiu ngi s dng khc nhau. V d, sng mang con 1, 6, v 12 c phn chia
cho ngi s dng th nht, sng mang con 2, 8 v 11 c phn cho ngi s dng
th 2 Bng cch ny, OFDMA tng t nh phng thc a truy cp phn chia theo
tn s thng thng (FDMA); tuy nhin n khng cn thit c di phng v ln cn
rng nh trong FDMA tch bit nhng ngi dng khc nhau.
Hnh 4.30 Nhm cc sng mang con cho mi ngi dng khc nhau
T nhng c im trn ta nhn thy OFDMA c mt s u im nh kh nng linh
hot tng v thng lng v tnh n nh c ci tin. Bng vic n inh cc knh
con cho cc thu bao c th, vic truyn pht t mt s thu bao c th xy ra ng
thi m khng cn s can thip no, do s gim thiu tc ng nh nh hng a
truy nhp - MAI ( Multiple Access Interference ). Hn na, hin tng cc knh con
cho php tp trung cng sut pht qua mt s lng cc sng mang con t hn. Kt
qu ny lm tng s ng truyn dn n tng phm vi v kh nng ph sng.
50
51
Tham s
Gi tr
1.25
10
20
Tn s ly mu ( Fp MHz )
1.4
5.6
11.2
22.4
128
512
1024
2048
16
32
S knh con
rng tn s sng mang con
10.94 KHz
91.4 s
11.4 s
di k hiu OFDMA
102.9 s
48
52
Downli
nk
Uplink
Downli
nk
Uplink
5 MHz
10 MHz
512
1024
92
104
184
184
60
136
120
280
360
272
720
560
53
Knh con
15
17
30
102.9 s
di khung
5 ms
S
k
hiu
OFDM/khung
S k hiu OFDM d
liu
M ha
QPSK
16
QAM
64
QAM
35
Tc
m
1/2 CTC,
6x
1/2 CTC,
4x
1/2 CTC,
2x
1/2 CTC,
1x
3/4 CTC
1/2 CTC
3/4 CTC
1/2 CTC
2/3 CTC
3/4 CTC
5/6 CTC
48
44
Knh 5 MHz
Tc
DL
Mpbs
0.53
Tc
UL
Mpbs
0.38
Knh 10 MHz
Tc
Tc
DL
UL
Mpbs
Mpbs
1.06
0.78
0.79
0.57
1.58
1.18
1.58
1.14
3.17
2.35
3.17
2.28
6.34
4.70
4.75
6.34
6.34
9.50
12.67
14.26
15.84
3.43
4.57
4.57
6.85
9.14
10.28
11.42
9.50
9.50
12.07
19.01
26.34
28.51
31.68
7.06
7.06
9.41
14.11
18.82
21.17
23.52
55
56
57
58
59
dng cung cp thng tin trng thi knh t thit b ngi s dng u cui n b
lp lch trm gc. Nhng thng tin trng thi knh c lin quan c th c phn hi
bi CQICH bao gm c : CINR lp vt l, hiu sut CINR, la chn ch MIMO v
la chn tn s, la chn knh con. Vi k thut TDD, cc lin kt thch ng cng c
nhng u im v trao i knh nhm cung cp nhng nh gi chnh xc hn v tnh
trng knh.
Thng ip ch th cht lng knh pht theo thi gian ( CQI ) ti khi thu rt cn
thit iu khin cng sut thch ng v tc v mang li hiu qu cao. Vic h tr
cc dch v di ng yu cu thc hin tc ng chnh xc nhanh vo thit b truyn
pht m bo ng kt ni lun lun hot ng ti u. Wimax di dng xc nh
thng ip CQI theo mt kch c nh gn (4-6 bit), do dn n tr thp hn v
tin cy cao hn cc thng ip iu khin bnh thng. Cc thng ip CQI cung
cp cc phn hi nhanh v ng tin cy v iu kin ca ng dn ti trm gc.
61
Yu cu QoS
UGS ( Unsolicited
Grant Servive )
ng dng
VoIP ( Voice over IP )
Cc c tnh QoS
-Duy tr tc ti a
-Ti u ha chng tr
-Trit Jitter
-Tc ti thiu nh
trc
-Duy tr tc ti a
-Ti u ha chng tr
62
ErtPS ( Extended
Real time Packet
Service )
Thoi vi s bo v
tch cc ( VoIP with
Activity Detection )
BE ( Best Effort )
-u tin lu lng
-Tc ti thiu nh
trc
-Duy tr tc ti a
-Ti u ha chng tr
-Trit Jitter
-u tin lu lng
-Tc ti thiu nh
trc
-Duy tr tc ti a
-u tin lu lng
-Duy tr tc ti a
-u tin lu lng
phn hi mt cch chnh xc, ng thi im nhng thng tin v tnh trng lu lng
v nhng yu cu QoS. Bng thng ng ln a ng yu cu nhng c ch, v d
nh yu cu bng thng thng qua di knh, yu cu kch thc ti v bu chn c
thit k h tr cho nhng yu cu bng thng ng ln. Cc lung dch v ng
ln xc nh c ch phn hi cho mi kt ni ng ln bo m vic d on cho
vic x l lp lch ng ln. Hn th na, vi cc knh con ng ln trc giao
khng h xut hin nhiu gia cc cell. B lp lch ung ln cp pht ti nguyn hiu
qa hn v tt hn l s dng QoS.
- Cp pht ti nguyn ng : Lp MAC h tr vic cp pht ti nguyn tn s - thi
gian c ng xung v ng ln trn c s tng frame. Vic cp pht ti nguyn
c gi i trong bn tin MAC vo phn u ca mi khung. Do vy, s cp pht ti
nguyn c th c thay i trn tng khung p ng vi cc tnh trng knh v
lu lng.Thm vo , s lng cc ti nguyn trong mi s cp pht c th thay i
t mt khe cho ti ton b khung.
- QoS c hng : b lp lch MAC iu khin vic vn chuyn d liu da trn nn
tng lin kt cc kt ni. Mi mt kt ni kt hp vi mt dch v d liu ring l
cng vi vic iu chnh cc thng s QoS m c th xc nh c cht lng nhng
p ng bn ngoi ca n. Vi kh nng cp pht ti nguyn ng trn c ng ln
v ng xung, b lp lch c th cung cp QoS cao cp cho c lu lng ng ln
v ng xung .Thng thng vi b lp lch cho ng ln, ngun ti nguyn
ng ln c cp pht hiu qu hn, c th d on hot ng chnh xc hn, v
thc thi QoS tt hn.
- B lp lch la chn tn s : B lp lch c th hot ng vi nhiu loi knh con
khc nhau. Vi nhng knh con thay i tn s nh l hon v PUSH, ni m nhng
sng mang con trn nhng knh con c phn b mt cch ngu nhin qua bng
thng, cc knh con s c cht lng tng ng. B lp lch thay i tn s c th
h tr cho QoS vi thuc tnh tt v b lp lch ti nguyn thi gian tn s linh hot.
Vi s hon v ln cn nh hon v AMC, cc knh con c th c nhng suy gim
khc nhau . B lp lch la chn tn s c th cp pht cho ngi dng di ng c
s tng ng tt nht cho cc knh con. B lp lch la chn tn s c th tng cung
dung lng h thng vi mc va phi cho phn u ca CQI trn ng ln.
64
Hard Handoff - y l chc nng chuyn vng dng ph v trc khi thc
hin "break before make" khi cc thit b u cui khch hng khng kt ni
vi bt k trm gc no trc khi kt ni vi trm gc tip theo.
FBSS - mng chuyn vng thu bao gia cc trm gc trong khi vn duy tr
s kt ni mng li vi trm gc
MDHO (Macro-diversity handover) - thu bao duy tr mt kt ni vi ng
66
68
dng cc knh con m bo cng sut pht tng ng vi cng sut duy tr cht
lng ng truyn n nh khi ang pht lu lng, do n lm gim ng k cng
sut tiu th trong thit b u cui khch hng.
69