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Studies have shown literacy rate Pacem cet eects ee oer to ily: acquired develop their ing involved in practical work. d education of her children sse mother travelled son behalf of Chi t the boy with her notestaken in the class, All these instances illustrate the high value attached to education in Asia, Beginning with the Meiji era, primary Japan by 1870, all, secondary ation was made After establishing p cation for all n for ary educat al, and after ertiary ‘The Japanese were probably the first to realize that it was essential for their very for the and technology. elves, Weste In the nineteenth ury, majority of the S countries did not make conscious efforts to educate their ern lines, The yple on m troduction particularly in the sub-con grounds that the educated elite was Christian ology. yore steoped erature ani culture than in se tory. ology: li uth Asia is 43 pe world average of 60 percent. F sation systems have f to bring about the desirable transform cither in the prevalent social milieu or in the behaviour and outlook of ividuals the region eann regional objcetives hy producing people whe ‘are capable of only reading and writing, ‘The eurre ional system is 1g people with skills that are not directly relevant to the needs of protent day society. It would not be too wrong to say that SAARC count far behind in education and be allowed to persist. ‘The emer, demands on the ed Ways to improve and widen access to learning a ‘opportunities to a larger segment off the societ South Asia. picture s to explore meaningful id provide in the Science Edueation and Economy Economic development is a goal of all nation-states, and a BIShOY Articles | Pakistan Engineering Council life necessity for lesser developed countries, Strategics for rrance of seie technology in accomplishing such goals Tehas been argued that high rates of ed for countries to he able e high levels of tend to support the theore arieh should grow faster th already tried and tested by rich cow clogy transfer requites knowles practices borrowed from the leader in order to eose the gap There untry’s ability to learn he le went study of the dete nants of aggregate economic i fui 1 the role af cogni growth have stressed the import mie instit Economy? lomy consists of the ecomami or other area, the labour, capital and land resources, and the economic agents that socially participate in the f production, exchange, di pti goods and services of that area. ve Edueati Relation between Economy and § ‘The seience of socio-ceon: pillars, knowledge, technology, tof all, visionary and competent je development there are four innovation and ‘the most importa honest Ne eadersh capital, building institutions for, adoption and creation of knowledge, its productivity gains, employr: reduction in the opinion of D: ticle, he elaborated that th that recognises the need for investing in human srcialisation and diffusion for 1 creation and poverty Au 1 pillar of knowledge r-Rehman, subdivided into four critical sub- nponents that hey are must all come together to ry education for all, and high jake a coherent whol compulsory ps 2 technical and university education compatible JULY 2014/49Pakistan Engineering Council | Articles > . a \ Ser oe with the best international standards, He this happen, the emphasis must be on attracted the b highly profession. Gi government is spending 25 ‘years on education and as a result its exports are U Dilliow annually as compared to USS19 billion from Pa 1 prepare their technology-based development ¥ walified professionals into the teacl ng comparison, he said that 4 of its budget for the last 30 $155 second pillar is technology. Most developed countries ion for ssources in a few niche areas. Finkand, with Sif pirating nall population, id jelecommunieations and agro- forestry through such an exercise about 20 years ago. Today, just his country -ading cell pl acturer has exports of about USS40 billion; more than double the total exports of Pal stan. jstan government had conducted similar evercise a result of cabinet dec 1 in year 2008. The cabinet approved = 2007 the technology and strategy for Pakistan's socio-eeonomie development but on Augu the same was largely un-implemented. If implemented, this y the technology, policy skills key issues confronting o ‘would cortainly help to iden! aps For addres must strengthen our colleges and a provide the needed research inputs for new technology development. Our industry needs a qualified workforce 50| Juty 2014 alleges hay diplomas. Pakista Pere we plan change tremor implement metrology: standards, testing and quality in order to produce world quality products for enhance its exports. ‘The third pillar is innovation, which requires the systemic flow of knowledge be P of knowledge. Itis urgently needed to develop the absorptiv cent ts and users ability, prior acer jes. This could be possible that government will encourage the industrial coneerns through appropriate measures that al employment opportunities will be ereated. Coming to the fourth and the most important pillar is that educated, clighte striet adherence to merit, supren and its quick dispensation and that understan In china many cabinet members are eminent scientists and engineers that ean ensu takes to transition to a knowledge econon Impacts on Human Resources, Technology, Industrialization & Environment One of the major challenges facing human resources planning is dealing with the uneven level of technological development in different countries, The world has witnessed a huge tific and technological explosion in recent decades: hut Ilsocieties have berm equally afferted by U not Yet the ability to master and apply seience and technology dispensable to the process of modernization and tly, larly suffered from the economic developn seems to have parti imties. More reer ve edueat ‘h has led to a decrease in real terms of the austerity wh resources allocated to edueation in a number of eountr AML th b ordination between the numerous administrations and concerned with secondary education and by nt phan large number of countries is still in a critical state. as knowledge and t (products, tools, and instruments). Designing BsBreyY problems have been aggravated hy Ick of c= insu ig As a result, science education in a ‘Technology can be thought of as procesArticles | Pakistan Engi ring Council demands that we plan change so that we up with desired . Technologists, Economie Profile of East Asian Countries neers, industrial designers, and architects. use Over the past decade, there results, minimize uade-offs, and control 1 jas heen rapid long-term the process to find solut to tee nological problems. economic growth lor East Asian countries, These newly industrialisi es are experi growth rates in By studying mology, students gain a unique — GDP per head at around 6 inks sto questions about the South Korea and Taiwan might take away Am ion “Wh tisecks growth is a resu f compared to the 2% to perspective on these important forms of human th 3% for most industrial ceonomies. If this growth ve seeks answer natural universe and answers the que distinction as the world's richest eountey, This econ eal fi Technology: to adapt our eny answers to questions about the designed world and answers The pace of economic development, growth in world trade the question “How?” Advances in seientifie knowledge often sations, and inves support new technological inventions as the human need to learn more for technological development. bout ural universe presents new problems As time progresses, countries seem to be able to grow at a What the scientists and mational leaders alike failed to. much id rate, From 1780, it took Great Britain 58 underetand was that development docs not necessarily years to double its reali some, It took coincide with the possession of nuclear weapons or the — Ameriea 47 years to pability to la agriculture, industrial systems, and education. The technical 1800's w! elite natvely believed that spin-offs from their lear energy or space programs would Hh satellites. Rather, it requires modern double in the le somehow convert th countries to 20th-century dustrialized state EORTC ct From 1780, it took in the 1800's while Pere eter bent It took Ame ed ag ne acer Seer: ok 34 years from th Japan took 34 years from the late 19th century. Finally, ‘This scenario means that we in developing countries should South Korea was able to double its rea a not expect to follow the research model that led to the — 11 years from 1966, sciontifie enterprise of the United States and elsewhere, Rau approp we need to adapt and develop technologies East Asiais investing much of its GDP is in physieal eapital Headers the Es h higher investn 1c to our local cixcumstances, help strengthen and education. Compared to the indust education, and expand our roles as advisers n both — Asian tries have sustained a 1 government and industry. Ta this way. we eam prevent the in these areas. South Korea invests 35% of its GDP brain-drain of our scientists, wineers and doctors. is more than double America's capital spending. JULY 2014] 54|___ Pakistan Engineering Council Articles ‘The standants of education for these countries have improved as rapidly as their economies. No longs ntry's economy burt by a small domestic market. World trade has grown tremendously over the past few decades, Exports for about 30% of South Kerea’s GDP and 40% of South Korea and Taiwan should we Lo experience Jong-term economic growth in the next several years. Both, countries are investing heavily in education and physical ich are key for economic development. ‘They also are benefiting from world trade and the diffusion of new t 210,731 5,068,059 21,700 4,023 27,820 832,512 370,909 735,997 ECONOMIC PROFILE OF PAKISTAN ‘The economy of Pakistan is the 27th largest economy in the wo fn terms of purchasing power in absolute dollar terms, Pakistan has a sem the 48th largest Jndust economy, which m: he ly encompasses textiles, food processing, agriculture and other industries. Growth poles of Pakista the Indus River, diversified economies my are sit along ind lesser the country. of Karachi Punjab's urban centres: coexist with developed areas in other parts of 52| Jucy 2014 Background Historically, Pakistan's overall economic output (GDP) has grown every year since a 1951 recession, Despite this revord of sustained growth, Pakistan's economy had, years ago, heen characterized as vulnerable to external and economy proved to be unexpectedly resilient in the face of multiple adverse events concentrated into a four-year (1998- 2002} period. stable nal shocks, However, the ‘The Economy Toilay Due to inflation and eeonomie erisis worldwide, Pakistan's economy reached a state of Balance of Payment crisis. "The IMF bailed out Pakistan in November 2008 and in July last year increased the loan to $1.3 billion from an initial $7.6 billion, By October 200 Reserves to-a handsome $16.1 billion. Exeeptional policies kept Pakistan's trade deficit controlled at $13 bill hoomed to S18 billion, reven Pakistan raised back its Foreign exports generation inereased to festment of $8.4 hecom $13 billion and attracted forvig billion. 2008, Pakistan's economic outlook has taken mming from the nation's role in the War on Terror have created great instability and led to a decline in FDI from a height of approximately $8 ‘bn to $3.5hn for the current fiseal year. Combined with high global commodity prices, th impact has shocked Pakistan's economy, with gaping trade deficits, high i and a erash in the value of the Rupee, which has fallen from 60-1 USD to over 80-1 USD in a few m lation hs, For the first it may have to seck external func Balance of Payments st ng as ort. ‘The middle term however may be less turbulent, depending ical environment. The EIU estimates that on the pol inflation should drop back to single digits in 2010, and that growth should pick HL Although less than the previous 5 years average of 7%. t sis wherein ‘would represent a overcoming of the present growth isa mere 35-4%. Education in Pakistan ‘There is no doubt that the future of our State will and must greatly depend on the type of education we give to our children and the way which we bring them up as ons of PakistanPakistan, laboratories, one university and one Governane Pakistan inherited f agrie the importance of seience and t tural college in 1947. Sinee inception, Pakistan walized nology for socio-econ development, however, duc to various reasons, mainly financial constraints and politi tel nda of successive ogy couldn't we the priority ag Despite these « raints, considerable progress has heen made, At present; there are 83 major S&T organizations With over 224 laboratories and research stations in Pal Tn addition, there are 109 universities, about half of which are in the private sector, For making the role of parliament in the development of scionce and technology more efficient and well-organized, n this regard, the National Commission for Science and Technology (NCST) is the most important institution which was ereated im 1984. The 2: ic th and Technolo anisms have been devised in Pakistan, ember Co issio apex Scien policy laying body that provides for s a cross-cutting funetion of determining poliey across wwernment ministries ies and, it does not any administrative func: the Prime Minister of Pakista for Science and Technology, \dustries and Finance along w Departments of the provinces. The Con Executive Cor ve that is responsible to coordinate, oversee and review the policies, and developm Committee is headed by the Federal Minister for Science and Technology Bssrey and consists of 29 members. “There is no doubt that the future of our State will and Articles | Pakistan Engineering Council Couneil for Science and hnology is the ed secretariat of nd in this ulation and making process, pest, supported by a small tech serves as the Secretary of the Commission, National ly and Senate have Standin Chairman, al workforce, Committees on Edueation, Sei Commits co & Technology. Presence of these » political oversight over the funetio ations in the country. Recently, a Sub- tee of the Senate Stand of the: Com g Committee on Seience between industries & Technology considered the linkage nd research institutes. Ministry of a Tec garding science a © ogy is focal poi important matters 1g developing policies and plans and, coo: of seicnce andl technology at the goverment level. Keeping in view the importance of IT and acknowledging its eentral role in the future eco nie progress, a separate ministry was created for IT and Telecommunicati w= Other important federal ministries with regard to science and technology are ministries of Edueation, Agriculture and Industries. Higher Education Commission (HEC) and Pakistan Atomic nergy Commission (PAKC) are other important bodies NCST through their heads. Chairman, TH recently been poste responsible for higher rescareh & development in basic and applied sciences and engineering & technology. There are a significant number of Research & Development organization: uniter the adi under the adi mi chnology and, agriculture these organizations at the are respor local level. Literaey Issues The ed cohesion and sation system after 37 years of independence lacks n proper distribution. The education JULY 2014/53Pakistan Engineering Council | Articles indicators in Pakistan have b High illiteracy n persistently poor: especially of females, the participation level around 73% and at second: tales and 40% ‘The overall literaey rate © for females in 2004) demands proper attention towards the problem of low literacy. Net primary enrolment ratio was 46% in 1990-91 and is expected to reach 58% hy 2005-06. ‘The literacy ra ary enrolmen r the same develop are low not and net pri as absolutes but also in comparison with other count at bracket. Lav formate li teisone of the ses of wan and social low participation in the political, economi target of providing free and compulsory primary edueat This was followed by th within a deead appointment various commissions beginning with the Report of th ¢ al Education (1959). The Education Policy of 1972 nationalized the private educational astitutions, In broad terms, each policy invariably phasized the following: nission on Natio in inequalities of ies. They cannot achieve t rights available opportunities in the job market, This situat ad economic dependence of women tion in soviety, Under has led to the social which in turn ensures male domi globalization women have been perceived as v economic globalization and structural adjustn nes (Sassen, 1008). It is feared th process is likely to affect gens program detrimental 10 wo (shave acknowledged ake Since independence, various gover the importance of education and adopted policies t An All Pakistan Educa was held in 1947, whieh laid down a1 education accessible to all Conferen 54|auey20t4 tion on merit Access to Easy access to higher edu: opportunities through education and training, he 1979 Education Policy denationalized some of the titutions, but majority of them nationalized educatios sector ant. The continued to operate under publi ana. I 0 establish priv: institutions. A Literacy and Mass Education Com established in 1081 to evolve strategies literaey. The and “mohallah’ schools was introduced. and non-formal mass educat concept of mt od the ) ®) ‘The National Education Policy 1992 - 2002 roeog BisFundamental right of every Pakistani child to get education. Te was made compulsory and free to achieve universal ‘enrolment by the end of the decade, The National Education Policy 1998-2010 was formulateil to consolidate the earlier cfforts with renewed crease literacy by 1 the Natio the pr vzration of primary and middle ley Mi ‘education. It also emphasized improvement quality of elementary education by op ties, The policy high nuanagement, monitoring and superv particularly nat all Levels. naking. ith a view to decentrali 1g deci atl Year Development Plans anil recent ation jor Reform Plan and Mid-Term Development Framework (2005-11) have recommended that: Developments in agriculture and industry and heavy atthe primary level to reveal talent and to lay the basis of attitudes of mind essential to d I This will improve the se il higher stages of investmet education, which have heen recruiting fr a the past. [n ald ally furnish the necessary expanded inflow into technical and vocational institutions and would lead to a knowledge society. base A lesson for Pakistan ‘The modern ec that provides the productivity and economic growth in all areas like renewable the technology has played the or The hypothesis of this report revealed that the education plays a key role for understanding various aspects of the socio-economic challenges whereas the science education eof available eclalogy cau wre in quality as well provides a way to enh: ce the eapacity bus lan resource and its practices . how t ide the n cchanism to produce invest HR developing is as provided 25% of its resources, sion sector from the last 10 years, Similarly, South are the most relevant example, how the c growth could take off through The highcr education commission (IEC) has already set the platform for the scientific knowledge based education v eilucation. Articles Pakistan Engineering Council system in the country but ne. enefit has heen availed by either the public or the private sector, The coun is mostly dependent upon the walks of life, Pakistan is woth human resources, like the sc ported items almost in all wfiting from their available ist, the research based science departments already exist 1 universitics of the country. Iris known faet that the science education in the country Jdlereid a8 problematic area, for understanding these vey was carried out in year 2003 on the following terms of relere 1. A test of students 2. Asurvey of teacher’s n core science subjects. 3. An analysis of officially prescribed text books. 4. An appraisal of the pattern of examination & que: papers, 5. An assessment of laboratory manuals and practices. 6. A review of Ii 7. School visitors, interview with school & college principal, science teachers, laboratory supervising staff and students. JULY 2014/55|__ Pakistan Engineering Council Articles It is revealed from this survey that the seience education from middle to higher secondary school level is hasieally a rontine method of examination, on the pattern the curriculum and the qual ns of teachers have othing long but this demands strong revolutionary changes in tho prosent patter 1. However, education commission in the year 2002, a considerable work on | rrecearch have heon carries out but depth study has been do ‘outilize the science education as 4 mechanism for technology based industrialization. The East Asian country as per there strategy has adopted education as @ tool of economic development. Their GDP and per yereased tremendously, taking example of South Korea, who had with the help of technology produced millions of mobile telephone on a very cheaper price. As per economie term the economy of the scale reduces the price of any commodity. The South Korea does not have the raw material as well as the cheap labour comparison to Pakistan we have abundant raw material ‘as well as the skilled labour foree which eould if be utilized effectively through the right application of the technology in our industries as being done by these East Asian countries this would bring a economie evolution in the country since Pakistan is fall of resourees both on ground and underzrow which are explain as der: ‘The Chine’s economy compared with Pakistan, in 60s it ‘was just one third of experts in comparison to Pakistan. In fact 60's era Pakistan export was US $6 billion whereas China’s was at USS 2 billion, In 70's Chine’s exports was USSIB billion whereas Pakistan was at USS6 billion, Similarly 80's, it. was USS50 billion whereas Pakistan stood at US '$8-9 billion, Presently we are export China has crossed over US $1000 bil of the and economy around the world, In 80s era, it was the vision of the world that in few years, Pakistan would be the Asian trigger but it is unfortunate that the inconsistent policy of the Government, the Japan, ‘who wishes to invest in Pakistan, but considered ‘Thailand 56| JuLy 2014 business partners due to consistence . The Koreau'sevonomy has been developed so rapidly that was due to science edueation, introduction of new technology, especially in the field of telecom industry alone ‘This has been done by the dynamic leadership of 01 Famous economist Dr. Mahboob-ul-Hay who gave the vision back in 70's, The East-Asian countries are benefitting with our ‘moclels and technocrats but we are totally ignorant. Another example of establishing human resource development in Malaysia, in early 80°s the Malaysian Government asked the Pakistan Government to help them in this sector, The Pakistani provided the bine print of their human resource training inst tly replicated in Malaysia and formed thi Institution of Public Administration (IN'TAN), The other fertile ar which has not yet been touched upon trees on our hy the Government is plantation of palm Jong belt of coastal area. This would have given an edge to Pakistan for boasting its economy on the pattern of the Malaysian model by simply replicating it with the help of Malaysian government. Malaysia have a 250 km coastal area through which the honest and visionary leadership of Malaysia converted it into an economic opportunity by effective usage of technology hence they were able to stabilize their economy. The improved eronom exporting Palm oil to various countries of the world including Pakistan are witnessed. On the other hand Pakistan is unable to explore such venture which could have helped them fortions. Thi stream lining its socio-economie o sector would haye provided Pakistan an opportunity to increase its GDP and per capita income since Pakistan is 100k n oil would have helped the Pakistan to c/GDP & ena luivatio having costal line spread over The export of pal rease per capita ine le to cat. Th ige chunk, ka. This will also. of tea of foreign is used for import upon our foreign Sindh coal reserves which are more than the oi of Se di Arabia and [ran would have been anathe levelopment. This needs latest technology to utilize the available res omically without Agro Based Economy The Pakistan solely depends 1 producti sat for the Jast many yea sporting rice last 3-4 years when wheat is ide this few frnits pt for v exported like in export of livestock and dairy products beeause, Pakistan i ntries which are nongst the four key producers of dairy and dairy based products beside livestock. This export could have gi boast Pakistan's exports and reduce its debt servicing. Borrowing loan from IMF is not the solution of the problem. The Country.s leadership must find out some other means so that the country will rely upon more taxation or to find Articles | Pakistan Engi of funds generation strate sufficient spacing to the country to control circular debi, The lesson Pakistan could have to learn from the Kas 25% in edu sector which will resultantly provide windows f more skillful hum: res etter understat Jing of yonest leadership or of technology and innovation ost important factor would be the ereation of which provides merit based decision making syste Pakistan with all a God has gi is mach needed to explore these opportunities a I way so that to maximize the econo skilled and unskilled human resource Pakistan but we is available in od to replien odels to improve ;eowth as being done by ast Asia The effective utilization of technology will convert in to, that 1g seienee ¢ vel, vocational training institut economic opportunities but of learn secondary nas well as higher education level. We have alreadly wasted considerable time and money but it isa general belief that if there isa will, always there isa way, and per capi ize our area of resp of the country 2 as Asian ti as being visualized by the develop world in early 80'sPAKISTAN Initiatives for ENGINEERING Poinvacut QE ENPINEERS COUNCIL EMPLOYMENT OF ENGINEERS Initiatives for EMPLOYMENT of ENGINEERS) JobShop Jj «© PEC Jobshop web interface (tp: ww. pc.2%8 pk Jobsop.2px) provides profile of unemployed engineers and jebs posted by national and overseas employers. ‘© Purpose isto connect the unemployed engineers with the potential employers. PEC E-Group {© An online group enttp:/witw.pecora, k/pe Wer engineers share valuable information ‘elevant jobs, tiring opportunities, scholarships and business ventures. GROUP Employment in Construction and Allied Industry PEC has made mandatoty to employ engineers for performance of englnering works In Construction firme and alled Industry necessary. Registration and renewal of a construction / allied tim from lowest category (C-5) to No Limit firm ts enly subject to employment of relevant engincrs. This itive Ras provided Job to around 30,000 engineers in Pakistan. Even fresh graduates get the job a Q Privilege to start Construction / Consulting Firm {© P£C encourages the unemployed Engineers and Non-engincers a new business as & « construction for eperater or service provider firm. MEP ow Pecaiso oters to setup a censlting frm in an field for engineers with 10-years if ‘experience or with master degree engineering degree. 6 ‘leg professionals may also become partner with engineers For details visit: www.pec.org.pk Call at our Helpline: Pakistan Engineering Council, O5t-111-111-732 Attaturk Avenue (East) G-5/2, Phono: (492-51) 2820348, Islamabad 2829311, 9206974 facebook.com/pecofficial Fax: (+92-51) 2276224 Email: info@pec.org.pkArticles | Pakistan Engineering Council 3Qac sw4in the World of TELECOMMUNIGATION thing about the 3G & 4G, I would like to ra of 1G and 2G. ration of wireless lephone technology or the first generation of later on acquiring popular buzz synonym of wireless telephony i.e. “The Mobile Callular Phone’ ‘That was the telecom tion's standard regime based on 1980s and remained digital ve between these two succeeding nd its trans bile telephone systems was of air interface ystems, more explicitly. 1G networks used 2G networks By: Engr. Abdul Rehman Shaikh ‘Senior Manager PTCL Member PR. Committee Although voice is coded digitally in both generation systems as (Sindh) source signal, ed after modulating on higher frequency in purcly analogue (analogue domai from 150 MHz. a it overwhelmed its predecessor instantly tally modulated signals to air signals, owever IG systems it was tr the reference modulated freiquene | onwards, Due to this milestone advantage everywhere in the world, JULY 2014| 59fan Engineering Council | Articles iN One of the examples of 1G standard is classical NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone), used in Nordic countries (Switzerland, nd Russia), Other AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) used America and Australia, TACS (Total Access Comn ‘ortugal and South Africa, Radiocom 2000 in France, aud RIM in Fraly. two major i the state of the art technology. ie. the invention of the microprocessor, and the digital transform link between the phone and the cell Moreover, 1G analogue of the control sstem for mobile communications saw two key improvements during the 1970s: the improvements in the microprocessor systems and the digitization of the obile phone and the eell site, Advance Mobile Phone System (AMPS) was first Ia the US and is a 1G mobile system. FDMA, calls in L country: control link between th allows users to make voice 60] suLy 2014 networks wer platform in 1991, predecessors were that phone conversa iland by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Oyj) ree primary henefits of 26 networks over their (a) digitally enerypte efficient on Une spectrum allowing for far greater mobile phone penetration levels: (b) 2G introduced SMS text messages. ata serviees for mobile, starting wi 26 technologies enabled the various ‘mobile phone networks to provide the services such as text essages and MMS (Multi Media Messag 26 are digitally encrypted, allawing for the transfer of data in snded revel messages, picture m cs), In addi fon to that, text messages sent ove secure way that only the i er ean reeeive anil ore retrospectively dubbed 1G, While radio signals radio si tworks tworks are analog, are digital. Both systems nse digit the radio towers (which of the telephone syst ignals on 26 signaling to connect o the handsets) to the rest 3G Wireless Telephone Tech 3G stands for Srd technology and also known as tri-band 3G, This is a set of standards used for mobile devices and mobile and logy: eration of mobile telecommn tion use service works that comply sations-2000 jernational Mobile Te (IMT:2000)..© telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and. TV. 3G telecommunication networks support serviees that provide an information transfer rate of at least 200 Kbit/s. History of 36 & 4G: 3G technology is the result of search and development Work carried out by the International Union (ITU) in th specifications and standards were developed ‘The tec publie under the name IMT-2600. The communi spectrum between 400 MH to 3 GHz was allocated for 36. Both, Pul standard. The first pre-commervial 36 network was launched by NIT DoCoMo in Japan in 1998, branded as BOMA. It ‘Telecommuniea early 1980s, 36 ical specifications were made available (ot! ic andl private sector operators approved the 3G Articles | Pakistan Eng was first available in May 2001 a5 a pro-releaced (in tosting ) of W-CDMA technology. first commercial launch of ko by NPT DoCoMo in Japan on 1 October 2001, although it was initially somewhat limited in scope, broader availability of the system was delayed by apparent concerns over its reliability. 1G Wireless Telephone Technology: AG is short for 4th reless Tochnology; 4G is the feneration latest in all wireless telephone technologies because of its high speed improved and new features. 4G provides the data transfer spoed equivalent to the lightening speed that is amazing, provides the services such ax mobile web access, AP telephony. Games, HD movies, Video Calls and conference ‘alls, Multimedia newspapers, 3D TY and Cloud Computing. ‘Phus unfolding the new LT revolu For feedback & comments sheikhmukhtar@hotmail.com, engrhab@gmail.com makhan$13@gmail.com, pr@pec.org.pk JULY 201461 ring CouncilAN OVERVIEW OF DIGITAL SATELLITE NEWS GATHERING AND IT’S DIFFERENT ASPECTS IN PAKISTANI NEWS INDUSTRY oxen. siatanmes 62 suny 2014Articles | Pakistan Engineering Council _ INTRODUCTION. Satell inereasing cor Different economies are greatly [1-4 com radio, telephone and television signals .A nu ¢ communications represents the commercialization of space. Tt is aimed at achieving ever le casts for its customers munication ranges and capacities at the lowest possi in this industry to serve ication satellite is a spacecraft th interes wes ferent purposes of thei 1 orbits the earth and relay messages, through ber ellites ean cover the of three geosynchronous « whole world thus making communication between individual at two remote locations in the world ns on the ground, called earth stations, transmit signals to the satellite, which then relays the signal to other ¢ th stations, Communications between people that used to take days Satellites can be grouped based -ostationary Earth Orhit (GEO) 00 Miles above the earth, and the MEO known as the or even months, ly minutes or seconds using sate on their locations in the spacecraft as the GEO, MEO and LEO. ( also known as goosynchronous satellite the Low E; da few 100 miles above the eat M jon in between the two, The sat located at an altitude of ed to, In practice, there is always @ n referred to as hub. This hub is ually very expensive and more difficult to rom this hub, several smaller terminals can then be connected to, which serves as iary between the smaller terminals and the satellite. These smaaller terminals are t the VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal). VSAT is a form of small earth station whic 1. [2]And Telew transmit, receive signal to the satellite via the inter: . Digital Satellit age. Natur tellite commui icatio live oper activates, infotai tions possible for neves cove calamities, sports, poli lage, and health seu growth, and entertainment and many other segments like on-line banking, e-commerce, sidering that commercial TY is the ka ents brought about an attendant econ ete, are also possibile due to this t 2c of the entertainment indus -y, these develop JULY 2014 |63.|___ Pakistan Engineering Council Articles Satellites are used to carry network si nals from central ‘studios to multiple receive earth stations, each connected toa local TV transm jer. When equipped with forward- pment, the remote Earth Station can transmit ventral studio allow the station originate programming for the en tare can be used for enhanced ion news reports. R network. This reverse poin services such as on-loc enue for local broadcast operat onthly subseription by TY watchers, Th typical DSNG looks like a small control rooms mounted ¢ Lerior of puter u or screens, An editing suite, which used to weigh kilograms, ean now he replaced by a smart computer. ‘This is made possible by the fact that easier to transport, beeause its takes less bandwidth compared to analogue. As many news channels operate in Pa ns a fleet of DSNG’s all jan and each mi ws and provide li front of TV sere is vehicle mounted satellite communication equipn that is used to communicate with other earth stati via satellite. fig 1]. A communication satellite func overhead wireless repeater station that prov a microwave communication link between two geographically remote sites, Due to its high altitude, satellite transmissions can cover a wide area over the surface of the earth, Each satell ped with various "transponders" consisting of in part of the allocat d and then different frequency. Most sa an antenna tuned to a ce spectrum. The incoming si oadeast on lites simply broadcast whatever they receive, and are often a Fig]: Block Diagram of DSNG Network. 64| JuLy 2014 support applications such as TV broadcasts and voice telephon: DSNG is mobile earth station whic Each DSNG ing footprint in th ntral hub and remote location satellite and ¢ cates to local TV earth sta DSNG’s using star mesh topology. dother Normally GEO satellites 36000km above the equator provide TVservices and sale speetru band to TY Chan designed « and also cost comparatively to € band equipment as compared to European monster DS! designed on © band. KU band as itreduces the 's which are also DSNG EQUIPMENT AND ITS FUNCTIONALITY: A typieal KU band DSNG has a dish of size 1.2 m for inted on its roof top. Dish antenna is a comple module including BUC, Feed Horn, LNB, OM Teleyation and azimuth m of equip termed as ODU out door unit. The IDU indoor un includes Encoder, modulator, Antenna control uni combiner, integrated receiver and demodulator, downlink itoring LC ther audio ables, tool kits, [ fig 2]. The internal equipm uses L band frequency (0.8-2GHZ). The frequeney and cost has directly relationship. If we use low frequency equipment will be cheap but bigger in size. We manage low frequency at earth station but at satepay load is a big i equipment is d higher frequency to reduce the pay load siz ‘The functionality of IDU ipment is as under: ‘aptures the audio and video of interest and gives analogue and digital out pnts to DSNG via analog or I cable. Typical cables are RGO, RGT. audio and BN In Pakistan almost all TY channels use PD 170, PD 177, NX PWD 100 cameras for news coverage. ith XLR for for video connectors. ideo Switcher is used to switch m cording to the need. + Audio control, h * Data isin L, band frequency till this stage now Ei and modulator get output of switcher and apply sophisticated algorithms on video and encode it using M or 4 techniques and then modulate it over a career frequency using QPSK, or any other modulation scheme depending upon the equipment used. And modulated signal frequency is increased with the addition of career signal to L band signal. Tandberg, Aglow. Erieson are famous brands in Pakista The Outdoor unit functions are discussed as under: is used to refine audio quality, | tering removal and andio switching, coder fed to BUC for transmission. Here * Block up converter BUC increas modulated si n reach the sate transponder 36000 km away. [t is one of the most expensive equipment in DSNG. In Pakistani news industry BUCs of Ageless, Alga, Advantech ete, are frequently used + LNB Low Noise Block Down converter is used to receive downlink signal and convert it to T, hand. This, device is used for dish allignment purpose. Downlinks frequency is fed in receiver and dis satellite transponder. the power of is tuned on specific + OMT Ortho mode transducer is a deviee which parates up link and downlink frequency coming and Articles | Pakistan Engineering Council going through feed horn. + Elevation and azimuth motors rotate antenna in spherical plane to get desired orbital position. + Now data comes to feed horn keeps a small pin which radiate the signal and throw it on reflector, + Reflector collec eeoncave mirror, And a beam is forwarded to satellite transponder, Reflector of ADVENT. SWEDISH, ADVANTECH, and INETVU are much preferred and li ts or seatters rai in Pakistani Satellite transponder collects waves and repeats the same procedure and regenerates the signal and throw on the foot print. Where each heath station is pointed towards transponder can receive that signal with limitations of different parameters COMMON PRACTICE IN DSNG OPERATIONS. DSNG team ineludes DSNG e1 cameramen and reporters, when an judged by some experts on news is of channels interest ner, technician, the importance of news is assignment desk and i the DSNG team is contacted and DSNG is moved to, location by DSNG Drivers who are usually much aware of entire map of cities every there streets and shor DSNG Engineers have a thorough knowledge ing of DSNG operation, the: the orbital positions of any compass they can point out directions in unknown, areas. And immediately DSNG is parked on level plane de so that it may not cause an to others. Then equipment is turned on and antenna control unit points towards satellite. Meanwhile ut and trai ferent satellites and without technician lays cables and makes comne captures the footages, and reporter collects the information from people who witness the issue. after establishment of video link to network operation center of TV air as LIVE, And the entire process takes 3 to 5 minutes, Which shows DSNG technology has made real time news possible and easy? Similarly a fleet of DSNG different regions and leayes no story unleashed. In Pakistan DSNG response time is very less that oft reaches on spot before other institutions like police, ambulance, or fire brigade. nd nnel t story goes 0 CHALLENGES INVOLVED WITH DSNG TEAM. Sometimes there are crises situations, natural and man- JULY 2014 |65,law and ord civil ‘wars or bomb blasts especially in Pakistani environment. And covering all above men NEWS Me nd othe joned events is very important as sue the nent supporting organization ate their efforts to solve the problem and rating competition is also a reason to rush towards such scenes, And DS NG crew is the first vietim of such sit ions. lives gave the in covering bomb blasts is tough choice type of physically very tough as it is cent percent field work Sor NG sticks to a location for a couple of days and things get messy. 1, you need to be mentally as well nes RELIABILITY OF DSNG SYSTEM. There are many systems exit for news coverage like “TVU Back Pack” KA Band dish system, FTP but all of th ys And location KA band system can operate but it is DSNG is conside nnsitive to had weath sdideal s sucess rate is clear from served due to weather conditio used at any fault or extreme ba « DSNG technology ean b lite. * in foot print of sai CONCLUSION. DSNG systems have made real time news co} ible with reliability and wide coverage area and re Considered back bone of alysis of Data it is evident that rate is satisfactorily ve Tine of site and eq t News channels, Fron 's why these system: these systems suc Whenever thi working well, we are sure that link will defi established to central earth station. And with th of DSNG ding with ishroom growth. New eb in process of launching in upcoming years. REFERENCES. [1] Satellite Communi Economies VOL 8407 Journal of Information Sciences. ns: Impact on Developing 2. NO. 11, October 2011 ISSN 2079. nerging Trends in Computing and [2] Design and Simulation of a Reduced — Antenna with Appreciable Gain VOL. 1, NO. 9. December 2011 ISSN 1833 ARPN Journal of Systems and Software. vs [3] 1 svolume, 10 ni pact of video compression on video quality mber 4 2012 [4] hutps://www.eviorg/aboutgvf/about-gvf.hun [5] https//www.howstuffworks.com/ thering.htmArticles | Pakistan Engineering Council DETECTION AND by: Engr. Shahroz Khan INTRODUCTION: The Global Syst GSM is a technology that dominated mobile dustry over the past decade. GSM for Mobile Communication known od fro »pe and spread into many other countries to become a popular standard for mobile communication. GSM started mainly with voice communication was introduced, but due to slow data jons. Research rate, it was useful to very few applic and development br of GSM, namely Hi Data), GPRS (Gene EDGE (Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution) Presently, GSM network operators provide a wide range ight about the different evolutions Cirenit Switched of servie y new services such as web Services), and ices). There are a lot he world ts which are not used not well known or JULY 2014| 67|___ Pakistan Engineering Council Articles ZigBee, also known as IEEE 802.15.4, communications standard designed for low-power short- munications between wireless devices. It is k (WPAN). © 802.15.3) classified as a wireless personal are «des the Bluetooth (I aterm that i standard as well. ‘The ZigBee standard has seen increasing interest from, both commercial and military customers for applica such as wireless sensor networks, home automation, ontrol, One interesting facet of the ZigBee standard is that it is designed so that devices n create a self-formin and industrial and self-healing ad hoc or ” PAN coordinator" device oversees the health of the network configuration, In recent years, sensor networks have en the subject of much research in military/battlefield, esh network. In this ses tral ideal for remote wireless senso of a low-power phys the phy to operate at one of three bands: 868 MTx ( 915 MET2 (North The 24 GH band, most commonly deployed, uses the OQPSK (offset quadrature phase-shift keying) modulation stream. ‘This scheme, a derivation of traditional QPSK, is used because it requires less power t is the implementation -al (PHY) layer. As an overview, ayer specifications allow 1 which ZigBee trans ilar se OQPSK m phase transition of 90 degrees from one symbol to the prevents symbol overshoot to s/s in a reasonably power-efficient Because ZigBee transceivers are designed for low-power applications, the physical layer is relatively tolerant to significant error: In fact, devices are able to tolerate an. error vector magnitude (EVM) of up to 35 percent while maintaining reasonable bit error rate (BER) performance, Thus, design validation and product 68 | JULy 2014 request require a variety of test methodologies. This, paper examines the reasons why you must conduct specific tests and provides tips to achieve the most accurate testing methodol Public understanding of science and te a important aspect of our modern world. Scienti discoveries and new t ologies serve the purpose of pushing back the frontiers of human ignorance and make life and the aetual way humans do things much simple Ivis therefore of little use keeping the and libraries alone. Information on scientifie discoveries ted to the -ople can be aware of them and in laboratori and new general publ ke informed choices. In this project we are aiming to design a system which ean detect the theft on power i paring the input power with output pow he W echnologies should be dissemi so that by sending sms through GSM module. PROBLEM STATEMENT: For the detection of theft on lines and for checking meters either they are having any fault or not the WAPDA personnel have to visit themselves for keeping on the uss nthe to prevent any loss of pow: fating due to which the man power and as well as U expenditure on every visit, may be several times a week is the main issue for WAPDA, Due to the corruption of some lower class WAPDA line men, there was quite difficulty for the Officers to detect where the problem lies, and government has to suffer shortage of power ial resources, And the WAPDA check th ver the bill to every particular user. and finan) er readers have to go first Unit used and then should have to del AIMS & OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJEC + The objective is to detect the theft for saving t WAPDA resources. + Our second objective is to inform the WAPDA office nt the theft on the main line on real time basis. +The third objective that can help the WAPDA is to take the readings of different meters. METHODOLOGY: ‘The methodology to build this system is qu the 220V output from the transformer will be given to Je simpleCurrent transformer which measures the current by using ADC, the other part of 220 will be given to different energy meters. All the energy meters also contain C.T for measuring current, Each meter have its own Zigbee, which sends the current information to main unit, the main unit also contains Zighee which ives th information from different meters, the main unit adds all the current and compares it with the input with the output then the information about theft vill be sent to WAPDA head office, also this informati will he displayed on LCD. rent, if t put current does not mateh EXPERIMENTAL SET UP : In this Project the transformer will allow the step down power to flow to the two Electricity meters which will Frequency, Amperes, Voltage and will also show the Units down for electricity usage [4]. A GSM Module will he attached to the main Transformer along with MATN LCD which will show rating or Transformer power as well as the two Electricity meters attached in this experiment, the Zigbee will receive the data and will send it to the WAPDA through GSM. Along with two electricity meter, Zighee transmitters are attached which will allow the reading to transmit to main Zighee receiver attached to the Main Transformer, Each meter will haye its own LGD to show readings separately. Fig shown below . [H Fig. GSM & ZIGBEE based theft Detection and Monitoring system. Articles | Pakistan Engineering Council RESULT EXPECTED: + The theft on power lines ean be detected, by comparing the input power with output power, this will save the WAPDA money by detecting the theft, a Iso inform the WAPDA offi on real ti seen on LCDs, UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS: +Man power ean be saved on taking readings fron the meters, *Any disturbance in the Electricity meters can detected. + User ean acerss the readings on LCD of their particular meter *Any Problem with the Lines can he detected. Government expenditure can be saved. REFERENCE + Minnkota Power's Load Management System, accessed. 22 August 2009. Cra Gooday ‘The morale of measurement: accurae irony, and trust in late Victorian el .. 2004 ISBN 0. Cambridge University Pre: 4, p 232-241 Electronic devices and circuit theory BY Robert L. Boylestad, ISBN 978-81-317-2520-0 + Whyte, Adam Gowans (1930). Forty Years of Electric: Prog London: Ernest Benn. pp. 31,159. + 8051 microcontroller BY Muhammad Ali Mazidi ISBN: 978-81-317-5899-1 + Electrical and electronic technology book + Po conics by Ashfaq Ahmad lathy". People. clarkson. edu. Archived cd 2009-08-04. cle Engineers, Journal of the Institu March 1896 Volume: 25 Issue: 120 On page(s): 57-77 Digital Object Identifier: 10.1049/jiee-1.1896.0005, CURRICULUM VITAE: Name: Shahroz khan. Contact: HAMDARD U: Institute of Information Technology). Address: House, No 50, Street 30, G-0/2, Islamabad. Phone: +92-345-9162055 E-mail: khumaryaan|@yahoo.com iversity Islamabad (Hamdard JULY 2014| 69Pakistan Engineering Council | Articles GATEWAY TO PROGREss IN PAKISTAN (With Especial Focus on Baluchistan) Soros ee a = ion ize rae cc ig pit)The Gwadar deep water port is the third Bore of a the straits\of Hurmooz. The Gwadar hecome operational in ‘December, 2008. Gwadar, a\districtiof Balochistan) enjoys strategic position) onthe nevol Pi ast port has formally | BRIEF HISTORICAL REVIEW OF GWADAR PORT G ar port was part of Oman hefore 1958 and became part of Pakistan on 8th December 1958 on the payment of of 01 Pakistan in 1954 durin urvey (USGS). Gi This potential site for deep sea por the coast ine survey by Un lar was a deprived small village without basic le. The villages” heavily dependent on fishing which hardly fulfil their ds of life, ecessities of life had a population of few thi population Duc to geopolitical and strategie location, the influence of superpower and vested interest of other countries, the government of Pakista was not in a position to construct the port site almost 30 years i.e. rom 1958 to 1988 a port project was first starter at the cost of Rs. 1.623 the purehase of Gwada the year 1988, ‘The technical and finane ated after 1993. A small n 1092 Omai feasibility udy for a major deep sea Port was ini INTERNATIONAL IMPORTANCE location, located on the laluchista Pakista prov and opposite end of Gulf of Oman, Gwadar port is bi of United Araly En 1c ate route for b st compet G © port of I ‘could serve as an al de between Bast Asi through 4 the Indian Ocean and Western Asia, best when shipping routes through, the Strait Mal “quire the status of a ‘Thre ca could blocked by US, Gwadar has the potential to. ter piece as a gate to Stra of Horus, igh Gwadar, by in the exiting links and infrastructu to Caspian Region, and means a better trade route to the land locked Caspian Region and also has a great pote a rey da trans-shipy|__ Pakistan Engineering Council Articles tis an important route for oil tankers hound for Bast Asian ike Japan, Korea and western countries out of ide route to ‘countries If. Gwada western China and Central Asia via Afghanistan which will the transportation time at very low port provides an overland drastically eut dow cost of transportation means very cheap traded goods to China and Gentral Asian countris Init for Pal early located to the Ind strategic terms, Gwadar will he a new av 1 Navy as compared to the Karachi w borders and twiee attacked Mndia. In ease of b ve as Wateh Dog, India already showed its during wars with tradit ‘over the port to China it will s specially for Indi a contract with CI ially be u observing the sea- concern when Pakistan signe hi ul the Port. Gwadar could pot 1d to a joring station and listening post fo lanes from the Persian Gulf to a full-fledged foreign naval CONSTRUCTION Gwadar deep sea port has two phases, Phase Iwas completed at the cost of USD $ 248 million during the period 22nd march 2002 to December 2006 and i President General Musharraf on rugurated by former 2007. Phase IT is under construction will be completed » ‘The berths capacity at phase I has Bulk carsiers of 30,000 construction Phase II has one bulk Cargo terminal capacity ‘of 100,000 DW and one Ro-Ro terminal. ships, one PROJECT DEVELOPMENT PLAN Master Development Pla of an area over 18,600 hectares of land for ‘of Gwadar Deep Sea Port includes project schemes and structures rea of 400 he ing Zone of 17000 acres located on land sion of port over an a Export Proc ent to the port in East Bay. dustrial Zone of about 4,000 hectares lying to. north of the town, ry of 1,000 hi ¢. Speeial th d. Oil re the tow ,. Residential arva'of 400 hectares stretching north of the located to the north e: existing town along Western Bay. UPDATE OF PROJECT ed by the government-owned Gwadar Port erated by state-run Chinese firm China (COPHC), Gwadar Port is om Authority and o) Oserseas Port Holding Com Feb, aly awarded 2 muhi-biion dollars contract (or operation of Gwadar Port to China. As per 1013 for tion the property of Pakistan the contract, the port will rem but would be operated by the state Brief Description of Gwadar Port Phases given below in the Table.1 S.No. Parameters Phase I Phase IT 1 Cost USD $248 million USD $932 million Duration 2002-2006(Completed) 2007— Present 3 Berths 3 Multipurpose Berths 4 Container Berths 4 | Approach Channels 4.5 km long dredged to 12.5m depth] To be dredged to 1 depth Oil Terminal 2 Oil Terminals (capacity: 200,000 DWT ships each) Dead Weight Tonnage (DWT) and container vessels of 25,000. DW'T with Iength of berths of 602 meters along with 100 m service berth. Turing basin of 450 m alongwith e. handling ‘equipment, pilot boats, tugs survey vessels ete, Under portant port inf 72| suLy 2014 Overseas Port Holding Company (COPHC) tract sign 1y was held on 18th Feb, 2013 in Islamabad and was attended by President Asif Ali ZardariGwadar was a deprived small village without basic necessities of life had a population of few thousands, The villages’ population is heavily dependent on fishing which hardly fulfill their basic needs of life. embers of parliament and senior goven ally held to mark the transfer of the concession agreement from the PSA (Port of Sing: Authority) to the COPHC. The cere ‘On 1th October, 2013, Pakistan's Minister for Ports & ng, Kamran Micha will be operational announced that Gwadar port 5 months period OTHER PORTS OF PAKISTAN ‘Port Qasim (PQ) and the newly developed port at Gwadar and KPT are the premier ports of Pakistan, handling major portion of the entire nat 2003-04, the port handles on an average 65% of total Pakistan’ tr: View of inerea © ports, a number of projects have been envisioned for phased mal tra plomentation on a BOT basis, Port Qasim is the second deep sea port of Pakistan. It is fast becoming & major couts economy of Pakistan, On an average the port is handling almost 35% of total trade sine 2003-DL. Qasim International ‘Terminal Limited (QICT) is operating at Port Qasim on BOT, tor to the uational trade PORTS MANAGEMENT AND CAPACITY UTILIZATI QICT isa foreign consortium of P&O Ports and Mackinn Pakistan Limited. QUCTis eloser to vital up-country markets tly it ean from where major exports are originated. Curr Articles handle more than 600,000 TEUs per annum and is ring the expan phases, increasing the overall capacity to 2.175 million TEUs per annum, In 2008 QLCT recorded a cont throughput of about 764.000 TEUs, making it pre jon plan of 1.175m TEUs in three the largest such terminal in terms of TEUs handl operator saiab ished at chs Keruult Port. Tels s asnibor of he Hutchison Port Holdings (HPH) Group. In 2008, the total container handling volume by KICT was abont 621,000 "TEUs. Currently, KICT is also pl i to increase its handling capacity tw 750,000 TEUs per annum. PICT has been setup na BOT basis, providing container handling services at Karac international shipping lin terminal is 220,000 squ container terminals Port to a large number of . The dedicated area for the meters, Amongst the present Pakistan, PICT has the deepest designed berths. It isthe only terminal in Pakistan, sponsored and owned by local groups and the only port infrastrueture ted on Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE). PICT is n (IFC), th collaboration with project finaneed by Internat private sector arm of the World Bank, i OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID). nal Finance Corpor GUNA: THE MAJOR BENEFICIARY. ‘The development of Gwadar port will not only benefit the Palkistan IU benefit the whole region. This trade route JULY 2014/73, Pakistan Engineering Council|___ Pakistan Engin: ing Council | Articles will benefit China (CAR). The dependence of China in terms of oil from gulf and land lock Central Asia Republies region is very high. The route strait of Malacca whieh is very long is under the influence of US and US could block the route whenever required. China have huge area of world’s 1 of hot waters whieh they nese industrial approach to China) via Shanghai doesn’t have any ps can use whole year. The C Xinjiang province (Wester ( travel of aro astern China) is an approximately 16000 km and the sea. cur huge wansportation cp as well as duties and taxes. Gwadar, as compared to the other route has only distance of 2500 Kin from China and port it the year because of hot water. Ani Sha Coast, it has to be transported ¢ to West of Cl ‘Table 2 shows the cou ay work througl this oil has reached th or the Chinese Fast isands of miles in land a. By using Gwadar port an n the ASIA PACIFIC region Karakoram Highway (KKH) is mi cheaper and shorter route to west of china. In fact the china is major beside Pakistan, beneficiary of this Gwadar proj ‘Table 2 shows that China is the biggest Oil Consumption Country in the whole ASIA PACIFIC region which is 32.34% of the total ASIA PACIFIC region. Its Tota 10221000 barrels per day almost 3731 millio onsumption barrels per 1am last year with the growth of almost 5% last year, The consumption share of china in the world total smption is 11.7% whieh is second highest consumption of an individual country after USA. USA has the highest 185% 19.8% of th 000 barrels per day whieh total tion su ‘The Japan and Korea in Bast Asian region is potential client of china for the refined petroleum 5 7 : - product. Japan has consumption of Total Oil consumption of Asia Pacifie Region 4714000 barecl per day which ie 53 Tn Thousand % hange| 2012 | % of the world consumption and Beis ey South Korea has 2458000 barrels per oe day which is 2.6% of the world share. = net China, Japan and South Korea all- 2098 geer:jisea| one.| iene: cont| sez. | 9 together have 17393000 barrels per sa [936] 49 [ a8 [ c2[ oz] 19 | 9% [1.1% | day consumption which is 58.40% of | oc} 4] 2] 6] on] | am ASIA PACIFIC region and 19.6% 0 total world consumption with an oie mee 2 | | average growth of 4.6 % last year. China Hong Kong SAR sar] os] se] c2[ ot] [tam | 00%] This high percemtage growth shows Toaia | aza7[ 200 | o77| 2x7 19 aa] 62 | om] sam] the consumption of oll in these cai sail iaua lta lise ies Tal countries will increase very sharply fas compare to the other countaies of Japan | 5210 | sos [ 202 [29 7 | 3% sieecetate Malayria | ors] o72[ o1[ c2[ 72 m2 o7| 1% NewZealand | 153[ 154] st] 48{ so[ a9] a [oan] oan] of oll and high growth in the oil - — consumption of these countries shows Pali aH wal re] [ae] 2 [09% [0556 | 2 creat potential of traneportation Philippines | 20¢[ aor] oo s2[ e6[ 79] 2] 7% | 02% | “of oil via Gwadar portend it may pee | eae ism | a6 | aes Taig | #row by the time in coming years, = cia 20) 26% | he import and export of crude oil Tei 10s wa) at] a 0% | and oi prov Thailand | 973 o6[ami| 212 | 6%] 13%] below. Above tables shows Ch Viewam | 256 Pea largest oil importing. co Oiler Ata Pacitc | 902 USA its total import is 7162000 ial Ania Puce | 25126 | 25909 harrels per in which crude oil is 5433000 and oil product are 1729000 barrels per day. China Imported “oval Wold [05108 [90675 | on5a |ooi [7a20 [ar» [9774 | 9% [100.0% | 7162000 barrels oil and its product Sourect Sta 74| JuLy 2014 tical Review of world Energy 201‘Table 3 shows the Inport and Export of Crude Articles | Pakistan Engineering Council and its product besides the trading of goods and other Oil: imparts and Exports 2012 business from Central Asian Republies. Thomsand harreted COST MATRIX this scenario. ‘The calculation of cost estimation is complex No exact eost is given or calculated in case of this new rout i.e. from Middle East to CI ese province, X: Gwadar, Pakistan, however few sample esti available from secondary source which will use in this section to calculate the benefits from oil trading from this new route. Figure below indicate the route from Gwadar to Cride | Preduet Tnports | Imports | Expon us. e191 [2096 [2 Canale 314 [aul [2437 Mexico f sar S_A& Cent Ameriea| 392 [1411 [saa Europe Ostz [2076 | sar Former Soret Caen | F Tare, Middle Bast 23a [550 [17606 North Aries 2130 West Africa 132m Kashgar. East & Southern Atvica Austral China Tada cE Tapa Toot Singapore TOG Other Asta Paste T505, ‘Total World 16715 _ | 38509 Souree: Statistical Review of world ‘out of their total consumption of 10221000 barrelsiday last ; Total import of China is 70.07% of its total ‘consumption. Japan don’t have their own production of oil that why imported almost 100% from different countries ‘of which more than 75% were imported from Middle Fast Above date shows the potential for Gwadar Port a very huge size of busine in the shape of transportation of oil nergy 201:3-workhook According to Erickson and other “Two mportant onsiderations should be noted while examining the cost ‘The first that the approximations are based on publicly Table 4, INTER-AREA MOVEMENT OF OIL(ALL REGIONS) To [Mesien [Scie J onrope] Africa [ nara] China Toda Papa wos | ot [| om 7 A = 3 |wlt[s BSG Th xe | 455 | 35 Europe 555 a 7 [2 [6 Le Former Son 5s 3 fas) perp in [ oe _[ aon [esr Middle Bast 2108 i Tas | 2000) asia | ti | vas _|_6 [19009 Novth Afiien an | 19 > [26 [aan te] @ | @ | a7 [260 West Alfiva sa [a | - [12 [ais | - [no fies, | 2 | sis 1501 Fat &Sothem spin] 1 [| - | - | ® |? |-]| 3 |» oe 100 asia ¢ | = nas [ee 1st oo | ss | 1 [1 | a0 i SE el ee wo [52 | 3u_|_26 | son 0 w [ae [1 sal oo | 20 | 2 [aw [isi Tapan = [4 3 | 2 [2 |[-|[s [a[a[-[e2l@ Singapore Pe a a Toa ‘Other Asia Paci mw] - | 3 70 | 26 Total imports 10587 Ser_[ tos [rors front [95a [re 750) 5 Teas than 0.05 JULY 2014|75|__ Pakistan Engineering Council Articles available est ates and, therefore, should not be treated as ‘exact estimates but rather as secs dary estimates. Secondly, the numbers that are represented in the table below, while being approximations, give an indicative pieture of what th bv rortant to focus on the Transport Cots oo Ci Cost (USD oarre/1000h 100.009 burrs i (Marine Can 0 L8/hartean (Erickson & Colin, 2010) 3. Pipeline cots = $0.73barre/ 000k» (Ericoom & Col ation rolved i.e. ‘Table 5 is reproduced from Erickson and other's cale just to highlight the different type of cost through Sea, Pipeline and Train. Finally the average shipping cost $0.18/Barrel/1000km and trough pipeline co calculated as $0.75/Barrcl/1000km. Transportation through ion through train is most costly option. It is t sea and pipe line is used in ealeulations, CONCLUSIO: 1 Baluchictan reflects a aptitude, xploitat being the major runner of the national affairs, is to be held responsible more than anyone else, for the crisis Centre, in its successive policies and measures, overlooked the sociological and anthropological peculiarities of the people of Baluchistan and the resultant economic deprivation has haunted their lives for too long. Above all, the sheer disregari to the development needs of the provinee created a feeling of despair among the local people heckered history of relationship between Centre extended account of pi Su Moreover, the potential of Gwadar rains far from exploited despite the fact that its growth may well lubricate the engine for the development of Balochistan which may ultimat offer to the country, very similar to what, Karachi, as a port city and economie hub offered to Pakistan in terms of ‘The paper spec ally focused on the benefits gained from the trans-shipment of oil and other traded goods from and to China and other Central As munities. It was convincingly evident from the paper that from 1 na alone may result in saving of the Central Asian Countries shipmont of oil for C! billions of dollars, Trade and enticing China to share a portion of these henefits with Pakistan will result in thy me of dollar per "i mployment in nfrastructal industri rai a and raise the standard of livis of the prov ‘There is a need to develop state of the art port facilities to ‘competition with ports of Dubai, Sin, Hong Kong ete. Develope a new trade policy in special context 10 trade from Gwadar port. Develope a compreh ‘Transit trade policy as Gwadar port will he the major transshipment site of the region. Comprehensive industrialization policy for Balochistan focus diversified use of the port FDI policy for Balochistan provinee to attract the foreign direct investment.Govern also needs to aecord a high priority to the law and order situation take benefit of such port the province to Concluaively, these are good reasons to he optimistic about development, Whil done, the province is already transforming for the better, and these changes will bring about timely and laudable mprovements in the | the crucial challenge is to learn from the suecess failures of the past, draw clear lessons, and improvis policies to move Balochistan, once and for all, from the periphery to the core of economic development for the henefit of its people. Baluchistan’ ch remains to he os of its population. As for mow, sand Engineers ... are not mere technicians and should not approve or lend their name to any project that does not promise to be beneficent to man and the advancement of civilization - John Fowler 76 | JuLy 2014LAC [Pve] Led. ENGINEERS & CONTRACTORS mp LAC House - 495, Steet No.5, Main Market LV Guirez-I, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Z i & Ph: +92 61 6596003 4207388 Fax: #02 61 8598549 E-mail lac466@yahoo.com|___ Pakistan Engineering Council | Articles Spacecrafts A space craft can h designed to fly in outer space perform different tasks in space, but they can be broadly travel. nerically defined as a vehicle fferent spaceeratts Unmanned navigati military applications, Lander is the space vehicle robotic vehicles that move on the surface planet and pe designated tasks. Flyby is a space probe which flies by an astronomical body while consists of some subsystems, all of w together to formulate a working spacecraft. These nerally the follow \de & Orbit Control Subsystem (AOCS) try, tracking & command Subsystem (TSO, + Propulsion Subsystem Solar Panel Low cost, low mass alternative to mechanically deployed space structures. 78|JuLy 2014Articles | Pakistan Engincering Council Inflatable Electrical Power Subsystem (EPS) ‘Thermal Subsystem Structure Subsystem Subsystem ich cubsystem is equally important and significant way, | tem plays the role in the spaceera development the power subs; . conversion system, nd power storage unita, power d regulation and eontzol system. It pr and controls power supply toall the other subsystems les, manages heen the primary Spaceerafte fetch solar energy hoard ouverts this energy into eleetrical to operate all for power through mounted solar panels and thi n syst power using the photoelectric effec nponents of the spacecraft this regard as solar panels being the only feasible method of power n happens to be heavy and costly: Therefore scientists and engineers continue finding methods to Technology By Engr. Syeda Masuma Fatima Zaidi JuLy 2014/79|__ Pakistan Engin: ‘The following information gives us some insight about the ongoing work in the said field. + JPL STH Inflatable Solar Array we ST! inflatable ray is a3 meter by 15 meter ble of producing of 6kW power, The basic Solar Array Blanket, ontrolled Deployment System and ‘ + TELEDESIC Inflatable Solar Arrays PAK-SAT 1R: Pakistan’s communication This prog satellite (courtesy SUPARCO) LE0 to provide high data rate communication. An inflatable produce lighter paneli with gvod efficiency costa: tructnte is docgned to porta 3 water by 10 miter salar ‘This sesearch arva is called gossa array with $100/W cost targe + MARS Rover Inflatable visions a constellation of 288 sat Solar Array: ‘The term gossamer struct category of esand many latable stra altra-love of expandables. A space specific application of a membrane (highly flexible wcture. This usually i ew space technology, solar arrays, Satellite blanket solar array ete have been envisioned and developed an arrays volume and mass, inerrased specific power (greater thi Teledesic Inflatable Solar Array 100 W/kg) and reduced cost over current mechanically deployed solar arrays. These solar pancls are parti arly ‘This concept utilizes 1.3 meter deployable wheels and an put inflatable solar arn api Tr can hence led that inflatable solar array technology continues to mature and expand the possibilities scale satellite solar arrays as well as planetary to cover vast surface are inflatable rigid structures and controlled deployment systems, in conjunction with advancements in solar cell techn powor, reductions in system ev solar arrays, Lab and have shown the demonstrations of this te dE oppee msteation of the ST cola array will provide the necessary flight heritage to allow the use of this technology for future deep space and commercial MER Lander (Courtesy NASA/JPL/Caltech) For feedback & comments sheikhmukhtar@hotmail.com, engrhab@gmail.com 80| suLy 2014 makhan613@gmail.com, pr@pec.org. pk|___ Pakistan Engineering Council | Articles By: Engr. Hasan Ali Mire (Hamdard University) he UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION Since the last century, there is an ever increasing demand of an efficient, reliable and an even better communication system in both air and underwater. Projects like “Underwater Acoustic Communication”, provides an inspiration and corroboration to overcome those intensified modern desires of technology. 82| JULY 2014 ‘What is Underwater Acoustic Communication? Tris about wireless communication in underwater, where data is transmitted through 2 Piezo transducer in underwater in terms of sound, which is then received by hydrophone wirelessly The received acoustic data will he processed, analyzed and simulated to remove the ambient noises and multipath propagation effects of the underwater environment. Scope ‘The need for underwater wireless communications exists in applications such as remote control in off shore oil industry, pollution monitoring in environmental systems, secimie monitoring, collection of scientifie data recorded at ocean bottom stations, speech transmission between divers, mapping tf the ocean floor for detection of objects. unobstructed operationof unmanned or autonomous underwater vehieles (UUVs, AU voice processing of underwater living things (ice. fishes ete) xs well as for the discovery of new resources. Technology Used Since sound is the only quantity that travels underwater, here, Morse code serves as an efficient technique to transmit textual data in terms of sound through Piezo transducers. [t also provides data encryption facility. Standard delays are relatively ‘casier to implement with and to synchronize both the transmitter and the receiver, Indeed, better designing filters will help to rediuew much of the ambient noises, For data analysis, Bliptical filters give the best possible output to the users. Since it is designed for audio signals, has equal passband and stopband inples and are always stable. Articles Pakistan Engineering Council JULY 2014| 83Sh. Safder Ali & Co. (Pvt) Ltd. ENGINEERS & CONTRACTORSwww.hitechpipe.com HI-TECH PIPE & ENGINEERING INDUSTRIES (PVT) LTD STRIVING for the HIGHEST STANDARDS SPIRAL WELDED. STEEL PIPE ——» POLYETHYLENE PIPE Karachi Office Factory 505, 506 Al-Khaleej Tower, Plot # 24/3, Plot # X-22, Extenseion Area, S.I.T.E, Kotri, BMCHS, Shaheed-e-Millat Road, Sindh, Pakistan Karachi P|022-3870614 P|021-34922639, 021-34922640, 021-34922642 F |022-3870606 F021-34922643, E | info@hitechpipe.com E|info@hitechpipe.comCONTROLLING OBJECTS THROUGH 86| JuLy 2014Articles | Pakistan Engineering Council ‘The work which I want to describe you is Movemen rough he mov The work which acFriorom the nconalin arved aoelingy Belek . . felesolllcon vou ly Reel time image proc basically The device which en PPGA ( Field Pro =~ Nea 1 whic is the basic hardwate for impleanen ing his = pointe tak, " a Ween movement of your hand. Following are the components used to move mou pointer on sereen through image proc 1. Hardware Camera (High Resolut AMI these Bit st 2 Monitor/ LCD (Sereen ) FPGA processor to compare their old ima 2% FPGA Kit (Altera DE2-115 Cyclone TV) Performs various algorithims as cunt fi 2. Software (hots ho 2% Quota IT | Programingzon Vek! VHDL) nis are stored inthe Flow cha VGA controler Mock which go tal aml vertical to enable the Applications & Featu Hardware: further enbancemen Digital camera captiees the imas FPGA kit through AY cable and the outp VGA cable to Monitor. such type of projects surroundi pasta % Can be used as motion detecti FFPGA X Canbe kit is pass the processed in FPGA kit @ relatively slow algoritlum which we de tain % Image Processing on personal compute PPGA the 1 Fast response cs fast and the anmning So, by addi ane Lec of these pointer moven through software nnd after p algorithis it displays on Se Alera DE2-115 boat ix connected with VGA “This type of projects ist through SVCA moniter eable, Te provides wireless and virtual niouse cone won FPGAs now been popular in automotive, industries, security andl even for fun. Virtual provide fn for gamers exclude th of ined devi proce samora with the FPGA kit.The boaed ( Altera D) TV decoder chip whieh nal (NTSC, PAL JULY 2014] 87vaul RIMTAJ INDUSTRIES MG (PRIVATE) LIMITED ‘Rimta] industries MG (Pvt) Ltd is one ofthe leading companies in the Engineering Indust. We provide Serves in the fess of Engineering, Design, Manufacturing, Fabrication & instalation, ec. (oa wide variety of incustries Our compary is neaded by Engr. Mahmood Husain (Chartered Structural Engineer trom UK in 1886) as Founder & Chairman, having more than 50 years of exoerence of Engheerng & ‘Management i the Engheering indusry and Engr. Sajed Husain (8.Sc Hons in Mechanical Engg, fiom Pekisian & NBA fiom USA) as CEO. Engr. Mahmood Husaln in recognition of his high prof of technical and commercial services was elected as an honorable member of “ternational Who's Yiho of Professionals” for te year 1898 by “The Litirate Professional Diector". 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Muhammad Azeem Eph Sle Neo Tin PIPPEPELLEISELE ERATE PPP ELLE EEE BD er che gesece of the brats Chivas, Ege, Syed Adal Qadir Slab, the brable Vee Charnae, Ege. Melhter A, Shits ud on the efforts of the extne govern baty wanbene, the Pabitten Expizecncg Caneel (PEC) bat evooed ts « taney aritarc aed guides phatfeen fur el eapitsere, frock gradcatee ar well at experienced profestvats, thrsaphost Pubic, The CPD sutitos ergeited by PLE throsghat the ening bare held tthe prifecrieal develagrert ed anareese of the eagircerig coon, The shirt cnacer epsilly the tesheical evesine echaced the tochval oriatatn tad previded on parte of exproure with tnple antart of Lovable ard reaction with different inte, The dynam work ds by the PR cents a napratins ed worth ipprecittng, Thay ashicoed the objecie of bring the spartation te star dearetape ic eash ¢ chert itorval of tine. 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