Rebecca Costanzo

Writing 2010
Jennifer Courtney
Group 1 Annotated Bibliography

Lillis, Michael P., and Robert Guang Tian. "The Impact of Cost on College
Choice: Beyond the Means of the Economically Disadvataged." Journal of
College Admission. 2008. 4-14.
This journal article elaborates on the findings of research that have been done to help
determine what key factors students focus on when picking a college institution.
Specifically expanding on the effect the costs associated with certain institutions
have on students especially students that are paying for school on their own. Studies
show that the increasing costs of attending college have caused students to take out
loans, go to less expensive institutions, or even not attend college. It is also shared
that it is not only tuition costs increasing but it's housing, food, and transportation
that all play into the cost of attending college.
Archilbald, Robert B., and David H. Feldman. Why Does College Cost so Much?
Oxford UP, 2010.
This book shares information like how much the cost of attending college has changed
over the past few decades and why. The focus is mainly on the increasing costs of
tuition and housing. Research shows that the overall decrease in growth of our
economy has a huge part in why schooling has become so expensive but where you sit
has a large impact on what you see for example the president of a university see's the
issue differently than a congressman. The book is separated into four parts and each
part elaborates on the change in costs of higher education and what the effects are.
Paulsen, Michael B., and Edward P. St. John. "Social Class and College Costs:
Examining the Financial Nexus between College Choice and Persistence." The
Journal of Higher Education. 2nd ed. Vol. 73, 2002. 189-236.
Over the past twenty years state and government involvement and funding that
supports higher education has changed. Tuition keeps rising because of less and less
involvement from the state. Grants used to be a huge promotion that the federal
government used to convince people to further their education after high-school but
now loans are being used to help students pay for school and are sometimes the only
way someone can go to college causing students to rack up debt that they spend the
rest of their life paying off. With tuition costs rising the way they are our younger
generations may not be able to afford to college.

 King, Tracy, and Ellynne Bannon. "At What Cost? The Price That Working
Students Pay for a College Education." United States Public Interest Research
Group. Washington DC,, 2002.
The main focus in this piece is the effect of working while attending school. With the
extremely high cost of attending college many students have to work full-time to even
have the ability to attend school and receive a quality education. But students that
have to juggle work and school struggle more than people that can give 100% to their
schooling, Working students don't have nearly as much time to further their education
and their grades suffer because of it.
Astin, Alexander W. "The Changing American College Student: Thirty-Year
Trends, 1966-1996." The Review of Higher Education. Vol. 21.2: Association for
the Study of Higher Education, 1998. 115-35.
As colleges change so does the impact of specific trends and the effect on students. In
this paper information about the change in common trends of college students over
the past 3 decades is shared. Like the change in educational plans, career plans, and
gender differences. One trend that is shared is financial concerns. With college costs
becoming so extreme students are beginning to pick schools with low tuition because
that's all they can afford not quality education.
Ikenberry, Stanley O., and Terry W. Hartle. "Too Little Knowledge Is a Dangerous
Thing: What the Public Thinks and Knows about Paying for College." American
Council on Education, 1998.
The information in this source is based mainly off of a survey given to 2,000 random
adults ranging in age across the US. The survey shares that most people value higher
education and are sometimes willing to do whatever it takes to attend a college that
offers a high quality education. But some people also have a distorted view of what it
costs to attend a quality teaching institution; in fact not many people know how or
why college costs are increasing. And there are people that even assume they can
save money by going to a cheaper institution without affecting the quality of
education.
Kelchen, Robert, and Sara Goldrick-Rab. "Accelerating College Knowledge: A
Fiscal Analysis of A Targeted Early Commitment Pell Grant Program." Journal of
Higher Education 86.2 (2015): 199-231. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 Feb.
2015.
Synthesizing the costs and benefits of early commitment programs, Kelchen and
Goldrick-Rab provide the Pell Grant Program as an example of an early commitment
program that has benefits that outweigh the costs. They explain how children from
higher income families are six times more likely to complete a bachelors degree than
students from lower income families. Students are less likely to push academics in
grade school if they are from lower income families because they know that the cost
of college will be too much for their family. But an early commitment program focuses
on aiding students from eighth grade to graduation in academic, social, and financial

prep for college. Giving students early financial knowledge about college is the key to
help them attend school after graduation.
Knapp, John C. "For Liberal Arts Colleges, No Time To Be Content With The
Status Quo." Vital Speeches of The Day 79.12 (2013): 397-400. Academic Search
Premier. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.
John Knapp establishes himself as an Alum of Hope College who is interested in still
maintaining the original goal of the school, to prepare students for success and
leadership after they graduate. But recently liberal arts colleges have been under fire
for the cost of the education, yet not adequately preparing students for the future.
Knapp gives an inspirational speech promising that the school is fighting annually
increasing tuition rates, and using students tuition money for the advancement of the
curriculum. This relates to our topic because it is an example of a school that is very
expensive, facing criticism, yet still strives for the greater good of the student body.
Gonzlez Canch, Manuel S. "Is The Community College A Less Expensive Path
Toward A Bachelor's Degree? Public 2- And 4-Year Colleges' Impact On Loan
Debt." Journal of Higher Education 85.5 (2014): 723-759. Academic Search
Premier. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.
Many students believe that it is a smarter and cheaper alternative to get their general
education requirements done at a two year community college then transfer to a four
year university to finish their degree. Gonzlez Canch explains how this logic is
incorrect. In an investigation, results showed that students who chose the path of a
two year college then transferring to a four year college acquired more loan debt
than those who went straight to a four year college. Those transfer students also had
problems adjusting to the transfer, as well as took longer to complete their degree.
Block, Sandra. "The Right Way To BORROW FOR COLLEGE." Kiplinger's Personal
Finance 88.11 (2014): 54-59. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.
Sandra Block writes an article, using real families as examples who have borrowed for
college the right way. Block suggests a plan for borrowing money for college that will
leave students with the least amount of debt possible. She suggest that students be
smart about borrowing money, looking for the loans with the best terms and
borrowing little money. She suggests students look at Federal Loans first, like the
Perkins Loan. She then suggests students look into alternative loans, such as state
loans or private loans. But the most important thing about borrowing money for
college is to make a payment plan so that you can pay back the money.
Kim, Youngmi, Jin Huang, and Michael Sherraden. "What Shapes Assessment Of
Ability To Pay For Children's College Education?." Journal of Consumer Affairs
48.3 (2014): 486-514. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.
The authors analyze parents financial decisions on their childrens college expenses.
The authors state the most important thing is to educate parents early on, and to get
them ready to make financial decisions about college before it is time to pay. Parents
are willing to pay whatever it takes because they believe that the cost of an
education is worth it in the long run. But they are poorly informed and unaware of

how to cover such high costs. The article suggests parents become more aware of how
to cover the cost of college for the benefit of their children.
McArdle, Megan. "THE COLLEGE BUBBLE. (Cover Story)." Newsweek 160.12
(2012): 22-26. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Feb. 2015.
Megan McArdle questions the reason students decide to attend college in todays
society. Yes it is true that college grads make 80 percent more than those with a high
school diploma, but college grads are struggling in society. College tuition has nearly
doubled, while the price of goods has only increased by 50 percent, but why? Why has
the price of an education increased so much? College grads are paying more, yet jobs
are becoming few and far between. And half of recent graduates are unemployed or
working at a job not in their degree. So why pay so much if it doesnt pay off?
Abel, Jaison R., and Richard Deitz. "Do the Benefits of College Still Outweigh
the Cost?" Current Issues in Economics and Finance 20.3 (2014): 1-12. 1 Mar.
2014. Academic Search Premiere. Web. 18 Feb. 2015.
This article is all about comparing the benefits of college to the costs of college. It
looks at studies that find average wages for people who have obtained a bachelor
degree and compare the average wages to those who have obtained an associates
degree and people who only have a high school diploma. This article also looks at if
your major matters in obtaining a college degree. It then analyzes who with what
major is chronically underemployed and compares the studies majors to those rates.
Ekman, Richard. "Myths and Reality about U.S. Higher Education." Vital
Speeches of the Day 79.12 (2013): 392-96. 1 Dec. 2013. Academic Search
Premiere. Web. 18 Feb. 2015.
This is a speech that talks about the average student debt after graduating from a
higher education institution. This speech not only focuses on the cost and debt of
public institutions, but also in private institutions as well. This piece compares the
price differences between both public and private higher education institutions, as
well as analyzes them. It looks into studies of in which institution, public or private,
will a student graduate with more debt. This speech also discusses and compares the
quality of an education and if it really is different between public and private
institutions.
Khan, Salman. "What College Could Be Like. Communications of the ACM 56.1
(2013): 41-43. 1 Jan. 2013. Academic Search Premiere. Web. 18 Feb. 2015.
This is an article that discusses a number of things regarding the American higher
education system. This article talks about how much the cost of a college degree rose
in ten-year increments. It also discusses what majors are good in college for a higher
paying career once you graduate. However, a majority of this article compares the
U.S. higher education system to that of the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada.
It compares the debt between American graduates and Waterloo graduates and how
intellectually ready graduates of both Waterloo and U.S. institutions are for a career
after finishing their studies.
McCollum, Sean. "Drowning in Debt." Education Digest 80.1 (2014): 23-27. 1
Sept. 2014. Academic Search Premiere. Web. 18 Feb. 2015.
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This is an article that talks primarily about the low income students and how they are
getting steered away from obtaining a degree because of inflating tuition. This article
talks about how colleges do not really care as much about students as they used to.
College is now just a business, with a goal to make as much money as they can. This
articles talks that colleges have been raising tuition to get out of their own debts,
especially after states slashed spending towards public institutions because of budget
crises.
Min, Zhan. "The Impact of Youth Debt on College Graduation." Journal of
Sociology and Social Welfare 41.3 (2014): 133-56. 1 Sept. 2014. Academic
Search Premiere. Web. 18 Feb. 2015.
This article talks primarily about credit card and student loan debt and how it can
affect college graduation. This article looks at numerous amounts of studies that look
at associations between student loan debt and if that affects how likely a person is to
graduate. The article also looks at studies that associate not only student loan debt
with graduation, but also credit card debt and graduation. This articles also looks at if
parental assets positively or negatively correlate with students graduation.
Sobel, Ann. "Escalating Cost of College." IEEE Computer Society 46.12 (2013):
85-87. 19 Dec. 2013. Academic Search Premiere. Web. 18 Feb. 2015
This article primarily discusses how colleges are only a big business. This article talks
about how universities are gaining all of this money while at the same time putting
more and more students deeper into debt. It discusses how faculty composition has
changed over the years and how that saves the university money. This article lightly
touches on where some of this big money goes that universities have, including how
much CEOs and Presidents get paid. This article even lightly touches on the cost of
dorms, meals, and athletics for students at universities.
Bernardo Richie Best and Worst States for Student Debt. Wallet Hub. Web.
2014. 19 Feb. 2015 wallethub.com(Links to an external site.) Feb. 19, 2015
In this article on the website, wallethub.com(Links to an external site.), there is a
map showing the states with the highest rates of debt from state to stake and their
rankings. Surprisingly enough, the state of Utah is the number on state with the
highest amount of student debt. I plan to use this information for research on the
outstanding costs of attending a college or university.
Ehrenberg Ronald G. Tuition Rising: Why College Costs So Much. Cambridge,
Massachusetts. Harvard University Press. 2002
This piece of writing goes on to explain why you are paying so much for higher
education. Professors need to be paid, you need clean safe buildings, etc. But does
that really get taken care of with tuition? Other articles or books will be used to argue
against this claim.
Lorin Janet. College Tuition in the US Again Rises Faster Than Inflation.
Bloomberg. 2014. 19 Feb. 2015 bloomberg.com(Links to an external site.) Feb.
19, 2015

This article is fairly recent, being written in November of 2014. The author is
emphasizing not only the growing rates of tuition today, but the growth of tuition
from the past several years. In her title she refers to tuition costs rising, again. She
backs up that statement and gives factual examples on why her statement is true. I
will use this information to show that the high cost is not a new issue, but has been
going on for several years.
Peralta Katherine. Benefits of College Still Outweigh the Cost Fed Study Says.
US News and World Report. Web. 2014. 19 Feb. 2015 usnews.com(Links to an
external site.)
I am using this article to reference an argument made by others, against my
argument. Many will say, although college is expensive, the benefits after will cover
it. Is this argument true? The federal study shown in this essay gives statistics proving
that higher education is worth the cost and student debt but other statistics could be
found to prove otherwise.
Thelin John R. The Rising Cost of Higher Education: A Reference Handbook.
Santa Barbara, California. In Contemporary World Issues.2013.
This text will provide information on things you may need to pay for in college. Gas,
books, food, room and board, parking, injuries, etc.. The list truly goes on and on.
This will be a beneficial resource because the cost of education goes beyond tuition.
"The Rising Cost of Higher Education." YouTube. YouTube. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J89EUG8l8tI>
This YouTube video goes through Americas rising cost of college and/or a university.
Students, professors and peers alike took part in the video proving their clams and
statistics. Although the video was made in 2010, I believe this video still gives a
decent understanding on the issue. I will us this video for their statistics, knowledge
and agreeable arguments.