BI TP LN C HC VT RN BIN DNG

Bi 1: Cho trng thi ng sut ti mt im nh bng 1.

STT

x , KN / cm 2

xy

xz

yz

03

-5

-7

-1

Bng 1
a. Hy biu din trng thi ng sut ny ln phn t

yx

xy

yz

zy

x
z
b. Xc nh cc bt bin ca tenx ng sut

5 1 0
T
=
1 7 3

Tenx ng sut c dng:

0
3 2

Ta c cc bt bin:
I1 = -5-7+2 = -10
I2 = -5*(-7)-7*2-5*2-((-1)2+32+02) = 1
I3 = -5*(-7)*2+2*(-1)*3*0-(-5*32-7*02+2*(-1)2) = 113

c. Xc nh cc thnh phn ng sut chnh

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BI TP LN C HC VT RN BIN DNG

Cc thnh phn ca ng sut chnh l nghim ca phng trnh:

3 +10 2 + 113=0

Ta c:
I =2,919(kN /cm 2 )
II =4,723(kN / cm2 )
III =8,196 (kN /cm2 )

Tenx ng sut trong h trc chnh c dng:

T =

2,919
0
0
0
4,723
0
0
0
8,196

d. Xc nh cc phng chnh
Phng chnh l nghim ca h phng trnh sau:

{(

5
1
0
l
1
7
3
m =0
0
3
2 n

)( )

l + m + n =1

(5+ ) lm+0 n=0

- l( 7+ ) m+3 n=0

0 l+ 3 m+ ( 2 ) n=0
2
2
2
l +m +n =1

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BI TP LN C HC VT RN BIN DNG

3 m
2

m
l=
5+
2
2
l + m +n2 =1
n=

ng vi = I =2,919 ta c:

n=3,264 m
l=0,126 m
l 2+ m2 +n2 =1

l=0,956
m=0,293
n=0,037

hoc

hoc

l=0,956
m=0,293
n=0,037

ng vi = II =4,723 ta c:

n=0,446 m
l=3,610m
l 2+ m2 +n 2=1

l=0,118
m=0,265
n=0,957

l=0,118
m=0,265
n=0,957

ng vi = III=8,196 ta c:

n=0,294 m
l=0,313 m
l 2+ m2+ n2=1

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BI TP LN C HC VT RN BIN DNG

l=0,270
m=0,919
n=0,288

hoc

l=0,270
m=0,919
n=0,288

e. Tnh li cc bt bin theo cc thnh phn ng sut chnh

I1 = 2,919-4,723-8,196 = -10
I2 = 2,919 *(-4,723)+(-4,723 )*(-8,196)+ 2,919 *(-8,196)= 1
I3 = 2,919 *(-4,723)*( -8,196)= 113
Nhn xt: cc bt bin khng i OK

f. Xc nh cc thnh phn bin dng(tenx bin dng), bit

0.3, E 2.104 kN / cm2
G=

E
2. 104
=
=0,76923.10 4 kN /cm2
2 (1+ ) 2 ( 1+0,3 )

Khi :

y + z
50,3 (7 +2 )
x =
=1,75. 104
4
2. 10
1
x=
E
x+ z
70,3(5+2)
y =
=3,05. 104
4
2. 10
1
y=
E
x + y
20,3 (57 )
z =
=2,80.104
4
2.10
1
z=
E
xy
1
1
4
xy = =
=
=0,65.10
4
2 xy 2G 2 0,76923.10

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BI TP LN C HC VT RN BIN DNG

xz
1
0
xz = =
=
=0
2 xz 2 G 2 0,76923.10 4
yz
1
3
4
yz= =
=
=1,95. 10
2 yz 2G 2 0,76923. 104

Nh vy Ten x bin dng c dng:

1,75 0,65
0
T =104 0,65 3,05 1,95
0
1,95 2,80

Bi 2. Cho vt rn hnh tr c kch thc nh hnh v.

M
[ x( x 2b) ( y 2 z 2 )]
zx
2E
EJ

03

M
(b x ) y
yz
E
EJ

M
(b x) z
[ x 2 ( y 2 z 2 )]
E
2 EJ

1. Vi cc thnh phn chuyn v cho trc, hy dng cng thc Cauchy

tm bin dng ca vt th chu lc.
x=

u
M
= ( xb ) +
z
x E
EJ

y=

M
= ( bx )
z
y
E
EJ

z=

M
= ( bx )
z
z
E
EJ

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BI TP LN C HC VT RN BIN DNG

1
1 v u 1

xy = =
+
= y + y =0
2 xy 2 x y 2
E
E

) (

1
1 u w
xz = =
+
=0
2 xz 2 z x

1
1 w v
yz= =
+
=0
2 yz 2 y z

2. Vi bin dng va tm c, dng nh lut Hooke tm cc thnh phn

ng sut
e= x + y + z =

M
( 12 ) ( xb ) +
( 12 ) z
E
EJ

x =2 G x + e=

(12 ) + ( 12 )
M
( ( x b ) + z)
J
( 1+ ) (12 )

y =2G y + e=

( 12 ) (12 )
M
( ( xb ) + z )
J
( 1+ ) (12 )

z=2 G z + e=

( 12 )(12 )
M
( ( xb )+ z)
J
( 1+ ) (12 )

Trong , =

E
( 1+ ) (12 )

xy =G xy =

E
xy =0
2 ( 1+ )

xz =G xz=

E
xz=0
2 ( 1+ )

yz=G yz =

E
yz=0
2 ( 1+ )

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BI TP LN C HC VT RN BIN DNG

3. Dng cc phng trnh cn bng, hy tm lc khi tc dng ln vt th

{
{

x yx zx
+
+
+f x =0
x y z
xy y zy
+
+
+ f y =0
x y z
xz yz z
+
+
+ f z=0
x y z

x ( 12 )+ ( 12 )
=

x
( 1+ ) (12 )
y
f y=
=0
y
z ( 12 )(12 ) M
f z=
=
z
J
(1+ ) (12 )
f x=

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BI TP LN C HC VT RN BIN DNG

4. S dng iu kin bin theo ng sut, xc nh lc b mt tc dng ln tt

c cc mt ca vt th
iu kin bin tnh hc:

x l+ yx m+ zx n=f x
x l=f x
xy l+ y m+ zy n=f y y m=f y
xz l+ yz m+ z n=f z
z n=f z

a) Xt mt y trn ca hnh tr ta c n1(1,0,0), khi ta c h phng trnh:

x =f x
0=f y
0=f z

f x =

(12 ) + ( 12 )
M
( ( x b ) + z)
( 1+ ) (12 )
J

f y =0
f z =0

b) Tng t mt y di ca hnh tr ta c n2(-1,0,0), khi ta c h phng trnh:

x =f x
0=f y
0=f z

f x =

( 12 )+ ( 12 )
M
( ( xb ) + z )
(1+ )( 12 )
J

f y =0
f z =0

c) Xt mt hng ca hnh tr ta c n3(0,y/r,z/r), khi ta c h phng trnh:

0=f x
y

f y=

r
y m=f y

z n=f z
z

f z=
r

f x =0
( 12 ) (12 )
M
( ( xb ) + z )
J
( 1+ ) (12 )
( 12 ) (12 )
M
( ( x b ) + z)
J
( 1+ ) (12 )

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BI TP LN C HC VT RN BIN DNG

Bi 3. Cho thanh c chiu di L chu lc nh hnh v. Cho hm ng sut

Airy dng da thc. Hy:
ST
T

Thanh chu lc

Hm ng sut Airy

x, y A1 x 2 A2 x 2 y A3 y 3 A4 x 2 y 3 A5 y 5

03

a Tm lin h gia cc h s trong a thc hm ng sut Airy l iu ha

Hm ng sut Airy l iu ha khi tha:
4

+2 2 2 + 4 =0()
4
x
x y y
4
=0
4
x
4

=24 A 4 y
2
2
x y
4

=120 A5 y
y4
( ) 24

A 4 y+ 120 A 5 y =0
A 4 +5 A 5=0

b Xc nh cc thnh phn ng sut php v ng sut tip.

y=

2
=2 A1 +2 A 2 y+ 2 A 4 y3
2
x

x=

2
3
2
=20 A 5 y +6 A 4 x y +6 A 3 y
2
y

xy=

2
=( 2 A 2 x +6 A 4 x y 2 )
x y

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BI TP LN C HC VT RN BIN DNG

c Xc nh cc iu kin bin
Ti iu kin bin y = c
q
xy =0 ; y = =q
b

Ti iu kin bin y = -c :
xy =0 ; y =0

Ti x=L ta c iu kin :
c

xy dy=0 ;
c

x ydy=M
c

d Xc nh cc h s trong biu thc ca hm ng sut Airy.

T cc d liu trn ta c:

xy =0, y= c
y =q , y =c
c

xy dy=0
c
4

+2 2 2 + 4 =0
4
x
x y y

( 2 A2 x+ 6 x c 2 ) =0
2 A 1+2 A2 c +2 A 4 c 3=q
c

( 2 A2 L+ 6 A 4 L y 2 ) dy =0
c

A 4 +5 A5=0

A 2+3 A 4 c 2=0 x
3
2 A1 +2 A 2 c+2 A4 c =q
A 2 + A 4 c 2=0
A 4 +5 A 5=0

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BI TP LN C HC VT RN BIN DNG

q
2
A2=0
A 4 =0
A5=0
A 1=

tm A3 ta da vo iu kin bin x=L:

c

x ydy=M (20 A 5 y 4 +6 A 4 x 2 y 2+6 A 3 y 2 ) dy =M

c

( 5 A 5 y 5+ 3 A 4 x2 y 3 +3 A 3 y 3 ) c =M
c
2 ( 5 A 5 c5 +3 A 4 x 2 c 3+3 A3 c 3 ) =M
A 3=

M
3
6c

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