Chng 3.

L thuyt bin dng

I. Chuyn ng Bin dng Chuyn v
x3 , x3

P xi

x1 , x1

hnh thi ban u (hnh thi

quy chiu) ca mt vt th

x2 , x2

hnh thi ca vt th khi b

bin dng

P xi

Chuyn ng, hay s thay i v tr ca mi trng lin

tc l php bin i im
xi xi x1 , x2 , x3

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

I. Chuyn ng Bin dng Chuyn v

uuur uuur uuu

r
Chuyn v ca im P: u PP PP OP

Cc thnh phn ca vect chuyn v:

ui x1 , x2 , x3 xi xi

Tp hp ca u to thnh trng chuyn v

Bin dng l s thay i hnh dng ca vt th:

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

II. Tenx bin dng
Gi ds v ds l hai phn t thng tng ng trong v
Ta c:

ds 2 dxk dxk ij dxi dx j

ds2 dxk dxk ij dxi dx j

M: xk xk xi

xk
dxk
dxi
xi
xk xk
2
Nn: ds
dxi dx j
xi x j

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

III. Tenx bin dng
xk xk

Hiu s: ds ds
ij dxi dx j
xi x j

xk xk
ij
t: 2 Eij
xi x j

Do : ds2 ds 2 Eijdxi dx j
Eij - Tenx bin dng

Ta c th biu din theo trng chuyn v: xk uk xk

T o hm ring:
xk uk xk uk

ik
xi xi xi xi

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

III. Tenx bin dng
Chn i lng

uk
gi l gradient ca chuyn v
xi

uk
uk
Ta c: 2 Eij
ki
kj

xi
x j

ui u j uk uk
Hay: 2 Eij

x j xi xi x j

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

II. Tenx bin dng
Quan h bin dng - chuyn v trong h trc ta Decartes
u 1 u v
w
Exx

x 2 x x
x

v 1 u
E yy

y 2 y

2
w 1 u
Ezz

z 2 z

v
w

y
y

v
w


z
z
2

Exy E yx

1 u v u u v v w w

2 y x x y x y x y

Exz Ezx

1 u w u u v v w w

2 z x x z x z x z

E yz Ezy

1 v w u u v v w w

2 z y y z y z y z

u, v, w l cc thnh phn ca vect chuyn v

Exx, Exx, Exx bin dng php tuyn
Exy, Exz, Eyz bin dng tip tuyn

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

III. Tuyn tnh hnh hc
Gi thuyt tuyn tnh hnh hc: Gradient ca cc chuyn v rt b, sao
cho bnh phng v tch s ca chng khng ng k
ui
=1
x j

Khi tenx bin dng Eij c n gin thnh tenx bin dng b ij:
1 ui u j
ij

2 x j xi

u
x
v

1 u v
xy yx

2 y x
1 u w
xz zx

2 z x

w
z

1 v w
yz zy

2 z y

xx
yy

zz

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

IV. Cch din gii v mt vt l
AB AB
AB

dx

u
dx dx
u
x

dx
x

v
dy dy dy
AD AD
v
y

AD
dy
y
Bin dng php tuyn (bin dng di) biu din s thay i chiu di

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

IV. Cch din gii v mt vt l
v
v
dx
v

x
tg

u
u x
dx dx 1
x
x

u
Tng t:
y

u v

y x
Bin dng tip tuyn (bin dng gc) biu din phn na s bin
thin ca gc vung

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

IV. Cch din gii v mt vt l
DD
Ta c: tg
AD
Nu AD 1

DD

A A

S trt biu din 2 ln bin dng tip tuyn:

ij 2 ij , i j

B B

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

IV. Cch din gii v mt vt l
DD
Ta c: tg
AD
Nu AD 1

DD

A A

S trt biu din 2 ln bin dng tip tuyn:

ij 2 ij , i j

B B

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

IV. Cch din gii v mt vt l
Tenx bin dng c th c dng ma trn:

xx

T yx
zx

xy xz

1
yy yz yx
2
zy zz

1 zx
2

1
ij ij ; i j
2

1
xy
2

y
1
zy
2

1
xz
2

1
yz
2

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

IV. Cc bin dng chnh Bt bin lch
i vi tenx bin dng ta cng kho st ging tenx ng sut
xIII

1 I dxI

Ti mt im ca mi trng lin
tc lun tn ti 3 phng chnh
vung gc, m dc theo khng
c bin dng tip tuyn no.

x3

1 III dxIII
xI

xII

1 II dxII
x1

x2

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

IV. Cc bin dng chnh Bt bin lch
xIII

1 I dxI

x3
O

C3

C1 C2

1 III dxIII

xI

III
II
I

xII

1 II dxII
x1

x2

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

Phng trnh c trng:

det
yx
2

1 zx
2
Trong :

1
xy
2

y
1
zy
2
I ii

1
xz
2

1
yz 0
2

1
II ii jj ij ji
2
III det ij

3 I 2 II III 0

l cc bt bin ca tenx bin dng

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

IV. Cc bin dng chnh Bt bin lch
Bin dng tng qut c phn tch:
S thay i th tch thun ty
S thay i hnh dng thun ty
Bin dng trung bnh:

1
1
tb x y z I
3
3

Khi ny tenx bin dng c tch ra:

T To D

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

IV. Cc bin dng chnh Bt bin lch
xy xz
x

2
2

yz
yx
2 y 2

zx zy
2 2 z

tb 0

0 tb
0

0
0 tb

Bin dng tng qut = Thay i th tch

xy xz
x tb

2 2
yx
yz
y tb

2
2

zx zy

z tb
2 2

Thay i hnh dng

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

V. Trng thi phng ca bin dng
Trng thi phng ca bin dng (trong mt phng xy), khi ti mt im
ca mi trng lin tc,

i 3 3i 0
Khi tenx bin dng rt gn li 3 thnh phn:

u
x
x

v
y
y

u v
xy yx 2 xy 2 yx
y x

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

V. Trng thi phng ca bin dng
Php bin di trc trong mt phng, trn mt x:

x x cos 2 y sin 2 xy sin cos

xy 2 y x sin cos xy cos 2 sin 2

dn di chnh:

II

2
x y
2

2
1

x y xy
2

x
y
xy
2

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

IV. Cc phng trnh lin tc v bin dng
u
v u
xy
x x ;
x y

v
w v

yz

Cc phng trnh Cauchy y ;

y
y z

w
u w
;
zx

z
z
z x

Bit u(x,y,z) , v(x,y,z) , w(x,y,z)

x , y , z , xy , xz , yz

Bit

x , y , z , xy , xz , yz

u x , y , z , v x, y , z , w x , y , z

duy nht?

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

IV. Cc phng trnh lin tc v bin dng
V mt ton hc s duy nht ca 3 thnh phn chuyn v
chng t 6 thnh phn bin dng khng phi c lp vi nhau
m gia chng phi c cc quan h no

3 quan h gia bin dng

gc v bin dng di

3 quan h gia bin dng

di v bin dng gc

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

Nhm 1
T phng tnh Cauchy:

xy
2

xy

u v

y x

u
v
2 2
xy x y
y x
2

xy

x y
2 2
xy y
x
2

xy
2

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

Tng t, t phng trnh

u w
xz

z x

xz

xz x z
2 2
xz
z
x

u w
xz

z x

yz

yz

z
2 2
yz
z
y

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

Nhm 2

u v

y x

xz

xy

u w
xz

z x

xy

xz
u
w

2
xy xyz x y

xy

xy

u
v

2
xz xyz x z

2 yz

x
xz
u
v w

2
2
2
2

x
xz xy
yz x
x z y
2

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

2 x
yz xz xy
2

yz x
x
y z
y

yz zx xy
2

xz y x
y
z
2

z
yz xz xy
2

xy z x
y
z
2

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

2 xy

Phng trnh Saint - Venant

2
2 x y
2 2

x
xy y
2
2
2

z
xz
x

2 2
z
x
xz
2
2

y 2 z
yz

2 2
z
y
yz

2 x yz xz xy
yz x
x
y z
Th hin s lin tc ca vt 2 y yz
xy
zx
th trong qu trnh bin dng 2 xz y x y z

2
yz xz xy
z

Chng 3. L thuyt bin dng

S lin tc ca vt th trong qu trnh bin dng

Cc phn t phi bin dng sao cho chng c th xp kht

c vi nhau