ti

Ni dung v xu hng
pht trin EDI trn th
gii v
Vit Nam
MC LC
I, C s l lun..................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Lch s ra i, hnh thnh v pht trin ca EDI....................................................................3
1.1.1: Khi nim.........................................................................................................................3
1.1.2: Trao i thng tin doanh nghip v s ra i ca EDI...................................................3
1.1.3. S pht trin ca EDI.......................................................................................................5
II, Ni dung v xu hng pht trin EDI trn th gii v Vit Nam..............................................8
2.1 Ni dung v EDI......................................................................................................................8
2.1.1 Nguyn l hot ng ca EDI..........................................................................................8
2.1.2 M t qu trnh giao dch trc v sau khi c EDI (giao dch qua giy t v qua
EDI)......................................................................................... .7...................................... 10
2.1.3 Cc loi kt ni EDI:......................................................................................................12
2.1.4 Phn bit s khc nhau gia EDI truyn thng v

EDItrn c s Internet.......15

2.1.5 Hn ch ca EDI truyn thng....................................................................................16

2.1.6 Li ch ca EDI..............................................................................................................16
2.2 Xu hng ng dng EDI trn th gii v Vit Nam..........................................................18
2.2.1 Xu hng ng dng EDI trnth gii............................................................................18
2.2.2 Xu hng ng dng EDI Vit Nam............................................................................20

[1212ECM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

2.2.3 ng dng EDI trong lnh vc Thng Mi in T.....................................................21

III,..........................................................................................................................................Kt Lun
25
I, Co s l lun
1.1 Lch s ra i, hnh thnh v pht trin ca EDI
1.1.1: Khi nim
Trao i d liu in t (EDI - Electronic Data Interchange ) s truyn thng tin t my
tnh ca doanh nghip ny n my tnh ca doanh nghip kia, trong c s dng mt s nh
dng chun no .
Theo y ban lin hp quc v lut thng mi quc t (NCITRAL), vic trao i d
liu in t c nh ngha nh sau: Trao i d liu in t (EDI) l vic chuyn giao thng
tin t my tnh in t ny sang my tnh in t khc bng phng tin in t, c s dng mt
tiu chun c tha thun cu trc thng tin. ED c th rt ngn ng k khong thi
gian t lc bt u giao dch cho n khi thanh ton kt thc, bng cch gi i nhng thng tin
cn thit v trnh c s trng lp trong c qu trnh giao dch.
EDI l hnh thc TMT u tin c s dng trong doanh nghip, v tn ti nhiu
nm trc y, trc khi chng ta ni ti thut ng TMT . Cho n nay EDI vn l cc giao
dch quan trng bc nht trong TMT B2B .
Cc d liu giao dch trong giao dch B2B bao gm cc thng tin c cha ng truyn
thng trong cc ho n, phiu t hng, yu cu bo gi, vn n v bo co nhn hng. D liu
thuc 5 loi chng t k trn chim ti 75% tng tt c cc thng tin trao i gia cc i tc
thng mi M
1.

1.2: Trao i thng tin doanh nghip v s ra i ca EDI

S xut hin cc t chc kinh doanh ln vo cui th k 19 v u th k 20 dn n s cn

thit phi to lp cc loi ti liu giy t giao dch doanh nghip chnh thc.
Trong cc nm 1950, cc cng ty bt u s dng my tnh bo qun v x l cc chng t
giao dch ni b, nhng thng tin trao i gia cc doanh nghip vn tip tc c in ra giy.

[1212ECOM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

u nhng nm 1960, trong khi ang lm vic ti Cng ty Du Pont, ng pht trin mt
chun dnh cho cc thng ip in t gi thng tin hng ho gia Cng ty Du Pont v hng
vn chuyn Chemical Leahman Tank Lines. Nm 1965, hng vn chuyn Steamship Line bt u
gi cho hng vn chuyn Atlantic nhng bn k khai chuyn hng di dng nhng thng ip
telex m sau c th in ra giy hoc nhp vo my tnh.
Tip , Cng ngh truyn thng d liu tin tin chophp cc i tc thng mi
truyn d liu qua cc ng dy in thoi thay cho vic vn chuyn phiu c l hoc bng t.
Kh khn: mt chng trnh dch thut m mt i tc vitra c th khng ph hp vi
i tc kia, mi cng ty thamgia vo qu trnh trao i thng tin ny phi u t kh ln vo pht
trin h tng c s CNTT. Ch nhng cng ty ln mi c th u t, v lng giao dch phi tht
ln mi c th tng xng vi chi ph u t.
ban ny to ra mt h thng thng tin chun bao gm ttc cc thnh phn d liu
c cha mt cch ph bin trongcc vn n, ho n, t khai vn chuyn v cc mu giy t
khc.
Thay cho vic in ra mu giy, ngi vn chuyn c th chuyn thng tin v chuyn hng
vo file d liu my tnh tng thch vi cc nh dng chun ca TDCC.
Ngi vn chuyn (Shipper) c th chuyn file d liu n bt k mt cng ty i l vn
ti (Freight company) no chp nhn nh dng chun ca TDCC.
Cng ty i l vn ti c th chuyn file d liu nh dng chun ca TDCC thnh
d liu ph hp vi vic s dng trong h thng thng tin ca cng ty mnh.
Cc cng ty vn ti hng li ch t vic tit kim do khng phi in ra giy v x l giy
t, khng phi nhp d liu hai ln, khng phi lo lng v li v cc th tc sa li.
en nm 1968, rt nhiu cc cng ty vn chuyn ng st, hng khng, ng b v vn
chuyn ng bin s dng nhng chun k khai in t lin ngnh do U

[121211 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

ban Phi hp Truyn d liu (Transportation Data Coordinating Committee - TDCC) ca

M khi xng v vo nm 1975, TDCC xut bn ti liu c t k thut thut trao i d liu
in t (EDI) u tin ca mnh.
Ngnh lng thc v thc phm bt u mt d n th nghim v trao i d liu in t
vo nm 1977.
1.1.3. Spht trin ca EDI

Sau mt thp k c gng nhm thit lp cc chun EDI rng ri hn, mt s t hp cng
nghip v cng ty ln ca M quyt nh cng hp lc to lp mt h thng chun chung cho
nhiu ngnh i vi cc linh kin in t, thit b c kh v nhiu loi sn phm c s dng
ph bin khc.
Vin tiu chun quc gia M (ANSI- American National Standard Institute) l c quan

[1212ECM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

iu phi i vi cc tiu chun M.

Nm 1979, ANSI hnh thnh nn mt u ban mi c nhim v thng nht cc chun EDI.
ban ny mang tn U ban tiu chun c u quyn XI2.
U ban v cc tiu ban bao gm cc chuyn gia v h thng thng tin lm vic hn 800 doanh
nghip v t chc.
Tiu chun thng thng bao gm cc c t cho vi trm sets giao dch (Transaction
Sets), l tn ca cc nh dng (format) cho cc trao i d liu kinh doanh c th.
Hnh 1: Cc set giao dch ASC X12 s dng ph bin
104

Thng tin vn ti hng khng

829

Yu cu hu thanh ton

110

Cc chi tit v ho n vn ti
hng khng

840

Yu cu bo gi

125

Thng tin vn ti ng b a
cp

846

Thng tin v tn kho

151

Gii thiu lp file in t d

liu thu doanh thu

847

Yu cu v vt liu

170

Thng bo v thng qua doanh 850

thu hng ho

Phiu t mua hng

812

iu chnh n/c

997

Gii thiu chc nng

813

Lp file in t d liu thu

doanh thu

998

Hu see

Mt s sets giao dch thuc h ASC XI2 s dng ph bin nht trong kinh doanh.

en u nhng nm 1980, Tp on t Ford Motor v Tp on t General Motor yu

cu nhng nh cung cp ca h s dng EDI. Nhng nh bn l ln nh Sears, Roebuck v Co.
v Kmart Corp. cng bt u s dng EDI.
Tuy nhin, trong khi EDI tit kim cho khch hng rt nhiu tin bc bng cch loi b tt
c cc th tc giy t, th n li t ra rt t i vi nhng nh cung cp. N i hi nh cung cp
phi s dng phn mm t tin v nhng mng gia tng gi tr (VAN). Ngoi ra, nhng nh
cung cp thng phi s dng nhng h thng EDI khc nhau cho cc khch hng ln ca mnh
v khng c khch hng no hon ton tun th tp chun con EDI trong ngnh ca mnh. Trc
tnh hnh phn ln khch hng ln u yu cu cc nh cung cp phi s dng EDI, s la chn
tr nn kh n gin: Khng c EDI, khng c doanh thu.

[121211 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

Nm 1987, Lin hip quc cng b nhng chun u tin di tn gi EDI cho qun
tr, thng mi v vn ti (EDIFACT, hay UN/EDIFACT).
Hnh 2: Cc set giao dch UN/EDIFACs dng ph bin
BOPCUS

Bo co v cn i cn i IFTCCA

Tnh chi ph gi v vn

thanh ton giao dch khch

hng

chuyn hng

CREADV

Bo n

QUOTES

Yu cu bo gi

CUSDEC

K khai hi quan

INVRPT

Thng bo tn kho

DELFOR

Lch phn phi

REMADV

Nhn thng bo tr n

HANMOV

Vn chuyn v bo qun

STATAC

Din gii ti khon

hng ho

ICSUM

Bn tng hp gi v
tp trung hng

SUPRES

Tr li ca nh cung
ng

en nm 1991, khong 12.000 doanh nghip M ang s dng EDI.

T chc ASC X12 ng chuyn cc chun ca M sang cc chun quc t UN/EDIFACT .
Tuy nhin, cha xc nh thi im cui cng cho vic hon thnh vic dch chuyn ny .
Mt s kin ph phn cc chun EDI hin hnh cho rng vic cc chun ny da trn cc mu
chng t giy lm cho vic tch hp cc dng d liu EDI vo cc h thng thng tin nh hng
qu trnh kinh doanh tr nn kh thc hin.
Vic chuyn i cc sets giao dch EDI hng ti cc qu trnh kinh doanh thay cho cc mu giao
dch qua giy t c th i hi phi thit k li hon ton cc mu chun, m cc mu ny tr
thnh mt b phn ca c s h tng CNTT ca nhiu t chc trong 30 nm qua.

[1212ECM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

II, Ni dung v xu hng pht trin EDI trn th gii v Vit Nam
2.1 Ni dung v EDI
2.1.1 Nguyn l hot ng ca EDI
EDI c th rt ngn ng k khong thi gian t lc bt u giao dch cho n khi thanh ton kt
thc, bng cch gi i nhng thng tin cn thit v trnh c s trng lp trong c qu trnh
giao dch.
Quy trnh hot ng ca EDI nh sau :

Chun b ti liu in t

Dch d liu chuyn i

Truyn thng

Dch d liu n

X ti liu in t

e ng dng EDI gia cc bn vi nhau th trc tin cn phi yu cu nhng bn tham gia
cn phi tch hp, s dng h thng EDI. Cc bn tham gia s truyn v nhn d liu in t
di dng chun EDI. V hin nay thng thng s dng 2 dng chun l: ANSI ASC XI2 v
UN/EDIFACT.
Bc 1: Bn gi d liu in t s chun b ti liu in t. Ngha l h phi m ha d liu
in t ca h di dng chun EDI da vo h thng phn mm ca mnh. Nh trn s
chng ta c th nhn thy cc bc thc hin y:
Bc 2: Dch d liu truyn thng: bc ny: t b chuyn i ED Phong b EDI cho
thng ip truyn ti modern. e chun b truyn d liu in t thng qua cc phng tin
in t.
Bc 3 : Truyn thng. Truyn EDI trong mi trng mng. y s c 2 cch thc hin
truyn EDI v mi cch u c nhng un im v nhc im ring ca n.
-

Truyn EDI thng qua mi Lrng internet cng cng. Phng php ny c u im
l tn t chi ph, nhng an ton bo mt khng cao. D liu c th d dng b thay i trn
ng truyn ti i tc ca mnh.

[1212ECOM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

Truyn EDI thng qua mng VAN ring. Ngha l s c nhng cng ty ng ra lp cc

ng dy mng kt ni cc i tc vi nhau. Phng php ny c nhc im l rt t

nhng c u im l bo mt c thc hin mt cch tuyt i. Ti liu khng th b thay
i do truyn trong mt ng dy ring.

Bc 4: Dch d liu n. d liu modern Phong b EDI cho thng ip truyn ti

chuyn nh dng trong. y vi h thng phn mm ca mnh, bn nhn s tin hnh dch
cc d liu m bn gi gi thng qua b h thng phn mm ca h da trn cc chun EDI.

Bc 5: X l ti liu in t . Ti liu sau khi c dch s c chuyn n h thng

in t. V y ti liu in t s c bn nhn x l.
Khi giao dch c thc hin bng EDI, h thng my tnh s hot ng nh mt kho d
tr cc d liu cn thit h tr cc giao dch . Khi c s dng, EDI rt thng tin t' nhng
ng dng ca cng ty v truyn ti cc chng t giao dch phi giy t di dng my tnh c
c qua ng dy din thoi hoc cc thit b vin thng khc. u nhn, d liu c th nhp
trc tip vo h thng my tnh ca i tc, c t ng x l vi cc ng dng ni b ti ni
nhn. Ton b qu trnh ny din ra trong vi pht m khng cn phi g li thng tin v trnh
cho cc bn nhng phin toi v giy t i km vi vic x l vn bn bng tay. Lc ny mng
EDI ( thay cho bu chnh ) kt ni hai cng ty.
My tnh EDI lm nhim v phin dch : bin i d liu t cc nh dng s dng ni b
cng ty ( ngi mua v ngi bn ) thnh cc set giao dch EDI chun. S dng EDI qua s
gip tng gi tr khon u t ca cng ty cho vic ng dng phn mm giao dch. Hn na vic
to, gi v nhn cc chng t giao dch EDI c th c t ng ho v tch hp vi nhng ng
dng my tnh hin hnh trong ni b cng ty.
2.1.2 M t qu trnh giao dch trc v sau khi c EDI (giao dch qua giy t v
qua EDI)
Giao dch trc khi c EDI - qua giy t : Trc khi c EDI, cc giao dch thng mi
c thc hin hu ht qua giy t, vn bn.

[1212ECOM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

Dng thng tin qu trnh mua trong h thng da trn

giy t

Cc ha n, chng t, vn phiu, hay phiu giao hng... u phi trc tip 2 bn chuyn
giao cho nhau. Khi 2 bn tha thun v a ra quyt nh k kt hp ng, tt c hp ng,
ha n, tnh trng hng ha, tnh hnh vn chuyn... u cn thit n s c mt ca 2 bn xc
nhn, k tn, ng du.Qu trnh ny lm tn kh nhiu thi gian v cng sc ca c doanh
nghip v c nhn.
Sau khi c EDI ( giao dch qua EDI)

[1212ECOM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

Cc dng thng tin trong qu trnh mua c s dng

EDI

(EDI - electronic data interchange) l s chuyn thng tin t my tnh ny sang my tnh khc
bng phng tin in t theo mt tiu chun c tha thun v cu trc thng tin . EDI
c thit k nhm mang li hiu qu ti cho vic trao i cc chng t thng mi (n t
hng, ha n, vn n, phiu giao hng, v.v...), gia cc i tc cng nh kt ni vi cc i tc
trong/ngoi doanh nghip.
EDI cho php tch hp v trao i thng tin gia cc ng dng t ng m khng cn c
s can thip ca con ngi. ED c th lm thay i quy trnh/vn ha kinh doanh ca doanh
nghip m khng phi xy dng li kin trc ca phn mm doanh nghip c trc .
Cng vic trao i EDI trong thng mi in t gm cc ni dung nh giao dch kt ni,
t hng, giao dch gi hng v thanh ton, vn ny ang c tip tc nghin cu v x l,
c bit l bun bn gia cc nc c quan im chnh sch, php lut

10

[1212ECM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

thng mi khc nhau, i hi phi c khung php l chung trn nn tng thng nht
quan im v t do ha thng mi v t do ha vic s dng mng internet. Ch nh vy mi
m bo c tnh kh thi, tnh an ton v hiu qu ca vic trao i d liu in t.
2.1.3 Cc loi kt ni EDI:
Hai quan im kt ni c bn: Ket ni trc tip v Ket ni gin tip
>

Ket ni trc tip cc i tc thng mi

Ket ni EDI trc tip yu cu mi doanh nghip tham gia mng EDI phi vn hnh mt
my tnh phin dch ring ca mnh.
Cc my tnh ny kt ni trc tip vi nhau bng cc s dng modem v qua cc ng
dy in thoi hoc cc ng thu bao ring.
Phng n kt ni qua in thoi tr nn bt tin khi cc i tc nm cc mi thi gian
khc nhau vi cc giao dch nhy cm v thi gian, v khi khi lng giao dch ln.
Phng n s dng ng dy thu bao ring tr nn rt t i vi doanh nghip,
c bit khi h phi duy tr rt nhiu kt ni vi nhng i tc khc nhau. Cc i tc
thng mi thng dng cc giao thc truyn thng khc nhau, iu ny lm cho c hai
phng n kt ni trc tip u kh thc hin

>

Kt ni gin tip cc i tc thng mi s dngVAN - Mng gi tr gia tng

Thay cho kt ni trc tip n cc i tc thng mi, cng ty c th quyt nh s dng
dch v ca Mng gi tr gia tng (VAN).

VAN l h thng mng ca mt cng ty chuyn cung ng cc thit b vin thng, cc phn mm
v cc k nng cn thit nhn, bo qun v gi cc thng ip in t c cha cc set giao
dch EDI.
e s dng cc dch v ca VAN, cng ty cn phi lp t mt phn mm phin dch EDI sao
cho tng thch vi VAN. Thng thng, VAN cung cp lun phn mm ny nh mt b phn

[1212ECOM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

trong tho thun vn hnh ca mnh.

e gi mt set giao dch EDI n i tc, khch hng ca VAN kt ni vi VAN bng cch s
dng ng dy thu bao ring hoc ng dy in thoi, sau gi thng ip c nh
dng EDI n VAN.
VAN s log thng ip v chuyn thng ip n hmth nm trong my tnh VAN ca i tc.
i tc s kt ni vi VAN nhn thngip gi n mnh t hm th. Cch tip cn ny gi l
kt ni gin tip v cc i tc gi thng ip qua VAN thay v kt ni ccmy tnh ca h trc
tip ti nhau.
s u im ca vic s dng VAN:
-Ngi s dng ch cn duy tr mt giao thc truyn thng thay v phi s dng nhiu
giao thc nh trong trng hp trc
-VANghinhn cc hot ng thng ip trong mt audit log. Audit log (nht k kim tra)
VAN ny tr thnh mt bn ghi cc giao dch v iu ny rt c ch khi phi gii quyt
cc tranh ci ny sinh gia cc i tc
-VANcth cung cp vic phin dch gia cc set giao dch khc nhau (v d dch t set
ASC X12 sang set UN/EDIFACT)
-VANcth thc hin kim tra tnh t ng tng thch m bo rng set giao dch c
nh dng EDI ring bit
s Nhc im ca cc mng VAN:
- Chi ph ln: Phn ln cc mng VAN i hi ng ph vn hnh, ph bo tr hng thng v
ph giao dch. Ph giao dch da trn khi lng giao dch, di giao dch hoc c hai.
Nhng i tc thng mi c lng giao dch t thng thy kh khn chi phi chi tr ph vn
hnh v ph bo tr c nh hng thng.
V d, chi ph ban u cho vic trin khai EDI, bao gm phn mm, ph vn hnh v phn
cng c th vt qu 50.000$

12

[1212ECOM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

- Cc cng ty c th s dng cc mng VAN khc nhau, khng phi khi no cng d giao
dch vi nhau. Mc dmt s mng VAN thc hin dch v trao i thng ip vi cc mng
VAN khc, th chi ph cho dch v ny l khng th d on trc c
- Lu chuyn thng tin gia cc VAN khng phi lun lun cho php vic kim tra theo di
mt cch minh bch cc giao dch lm c s' cho vic gii quyt cc bt ng
2.1.4 Phn bit s khc nhau gia EDI truyn thng v EDI trn CO s Internet

13

[1212ECOM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

EDI truyn thng

nh ngha

EDI trn CO SO Internet

L s chuyn thng tin t my tnh ny L s trao i thng ip cho cc giao dch

sang my tnh khc bng phng tin kinh doanh gia cc my tnh ca cc t
in t theo mt tiu chun c chc khc nhau bng cch s dng cc tha
tha thun v cu trc thng tin

thun chun ( cc hip nh khc nhau c

ng rng ri trn th gii n mc c th
c) qua Internet.

c im

S dng mng gi tr gia tng

S dng mng Internet l phng

lm cu ni cc my tnh in t c tin chnh ca EDI vi nhiu chc nng hn

th lin lc vi nhau, lun tr v tm
kim

ng gi, vn chuyn...v c giao dch

Tn chi ph cho vic ng gi, thng qua Internet.

vn chuyn....trc tip n tay ngi

mua.

Tit kim c chi ph cho vic

Vic trao i gia cc n v, cng

ty v ni dung, dung liu th c trao i

Vic trao i gia cc n v, di dng s ha v truyn gi theo mng

cng ty v ni dung, dung liu th c ( hay cn gi l giao gi s ha

trao i di dng hin vt, v trc
tip)

2.1.5

Hn ch ca EDI truyn thng

Tng thi gian x l :Trong h thng da trn giy t, vic chuyn vt l cc ti

14

[1212ECOM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

liu gia cc i tc thng mi l nguyn nhn lm tng thi gian x l hon thnh
mt giao dch n l. Mt l do khc cng lm thi gian x l lu hn l thi gian nhp
li d liu. Cng mt thng tin c nhp vo hai ln, c th nhiu hn rt nhiu
bit l trong cc

ngnh cng nghip sn

xut.
chnh xc thp

: Vh thng da trn giy t

cng mt thng tin,

nn d liu phi nhp li nhiu ni trong chu trnh x l. R

rng vic nhp

li

d liu

ging nhau

i hi nhiu th nghim ca

lm tng kh nng sinh

li.
Chi ph lao ng ln : Lung thng tin truyn thng i hi d liu c nhp th cng
ti mi bc trong chu trnh x l, v d phiu t mua hng, ho n, thng tin giao
hng, bin nhn,... Nhng hot ng ny i hi nhiu lao ng. Bn cnh qu trnh
vn chuyn, luu tr d liu cng ta tn km .
Tng khng chc chn : V chm tr trong giai on chuyn th v x l, thi gian
nhn ti liu s khng c m bo. Vic ngi mua nhn ra rng nh cung cp khng
bao gi nhn c phiu t hng khi cc mt hng khng c a n nh mong i,
khng phi l chuyn him. iu khng chc chn ny thng dn ti vic gi in thoi
thng xuyn xc nhn ti liu.
2.1.6

Li ch ca EDI

Vic thc hin EDI c tc ng n c hai pha i tc thng mi, cho nn khng th
thc hin n ch mt bn V d: ch cho mt bn mua m khng cho bn bn. cng khng p
dng c nu ch em li li ch cho mt bn. V d, khch hng ca nh cung cp yu cu phi
cung cp cho h ho n theo ng in t. Ci c i vi khch hng l h gim c tng
chi ph cho vic x l cc ho n ca h. Tuy nhin pha nh cung cp khng c li g c v
chng c g m bo rng h s c thanh ton sm hn. Dn ti nh cung cp chng c quan
tm v hng th g khi thc hin EDI.
V vy chng ta cn xc nh c cc li ch v u im ca vic thc hin EDI t c

15

[1212ECOM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

hai pha ca t chc v cc i tc l iu rt quan trng. i vi v d nh trn, cng vi vic

trao i ho n in t, nn thc hin thm vic chuyn tin t ng thanh ton, sao cho vic
thanh ton cho nh cung cp c nhanh hn. Mt quan h i tc ng trong EDI l phi ch
n cch tip cn ny ng vin v pht trin mi quan h i tc kinh doanh thc s. Song
song vi vic xc nh cc li ch ca vic p dng EDI th ta cng cn phi tm r cc hn ch
ca vic thc hin EDI t a ra cc gii php gip khc phc cc hn ch v vic p
dng EDI ny c thc hin mt cch hiu qu nht.
Nhng li ch m EDI trn c s internet em li trong cc li ch sau y:

Gim chi ph giao dch cho vic trao i thng tin, chi ph giy t, th tn

Tit kim thi gian v khng cn phi nhp li thng tin nhiu ln

Gim chi ph x l d liu bng tay

Tng tnh chnh xc ca thng tin, gim li sai st do khng phi nhp li s liu nhiu
ln

H thng lu tr thng ip gip khng nh vn bn c giao n

tc v c th theo di ng i ca hng ho trong tng

cho i

giai on

c s dng cng vi h thng lu kho t ng, EDI gip gim thi gian lu kho,
gim s lng hng tn kho
Chu trnh giao dch thng mi nhanh hn c ngha p ng nhu cu ca khch hng
hiu qu hn

C c hi thc y cc hot ng cung cp v sn xutnhm tng tnh cnh tranh

ca cng ty v ca c ngnh cng nghip
Ci thin mi quan h thng mi, cng c quan h gia khch hng v nh cung cp
Gi c cc khch hng quan trng v c th s dng nh mt cng c tip th nhm
thu ht cc khch hng mi
Gip cc doanh nghip ng vng trn th trng. Mt s cng ty ln yu cu cc cng
ty i tc phi s dng EDI mi tinhnh kinh doanh.
Khng nhng vy, trong cc giao dch thng mi ca cc cng ty chng ta nn s dng

16

[1212ECOM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

EDI v khi s dng EDI, cc phn mm ng dng ca cng ty bn c th gi chng t

giao dch trc tip n h thng my tnh ca i tc m khng cn s can thip ca con
ngi .EDI gip gim thiu cng sc ca nhn vin v hn ch nhng chm tr hay li
thng i km vi vic x l chng t bng tay. Bng cch n gin ho v tinh gim cc
quy trnh giao dch, EDI c th gip cng ty bn kim sot c chi ph, tng tnh hiu
qu v ci thin trnh phc v khch hng.
2.2

Xu hng ng dng EDI trn th gii v Vit Nam

2.2.1 Xu hng ng dng EDI trn th gii

Li ch ca EDI th ai cng nhn thy v ng dng EDI trong cc doanh nghip ln, c
tim lc v kinh t l mt iu tt yu. EDI ngy cng c s dng rng ri trn ton cu, ch
yu phc v cho vic mua v phn phi hng nh gi n hng, ngoi ra ngi ta cng dng cho
cc mc ch khc, nh thanh ton tin khm bnh, trao i cc kt qu xt nghim v.v. EDI ch
yu c thc hin thng qua mng ngoi (extranet) vi nhau v thng c gi l mng
thng mi (net-commerce). Cng c khi c EDI hn hp ( hybird EDI) dng cho trng hp
ch c mt bn i tc dng EDI, cn bn kia th vn dng cc phng thc thng thng ( nh
fax, th tn qua bu in...)
Tnh hnh pht trin EDI trn th gii c bit l nhng nc c pht trin c nn tng c
s h tng tt th vic ng dng EDI tr nn ph bin hn. Tuy nhin, trng khi EDI tit kim
cho khch hng rt tin bc nhiu bng vic loi b cc chi ph giy t th
EDI li t ra kh t vi cc nh cung cp. N i hi cc nh cung cp phi s dng cc phn
mm t tin v nhng mng gi tr gia tng ( VAN). Ngoi ra, nhng nh cung cp phi s dng
nhng h thng EDI khc nhau cho nhng khch hng ln ca mnh v khng c khch hng no
tun th tp chun con trong ngnh ca mnh. Trc tnh hnh phn ln cc khch hng ln yu
cu s dng EDI, s la ch tr nn kh n gin, khng c EDI, khng c doanh thu. Do vy,
iu ny buc cc doanh nghip, cc t chc phi s dng EDI trong cng vic sn xut kinh
doanh ca mnh v EDI ngy cng tr nn ph bin. Sau y l v d v vic pht trin EDI
mt s quc gia.

17

[1212ECOM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

Hn Quc tt c cc loi thng ip in t' (EDI, XML v XML/EDI) u c chun

ha bi y ban EDIFACT Hn Quc - KEC. Theo bo co ti AFACT 2008, tnh n thng
8/2008 KEC ph chun 610 thng ip chun (262 EDI, 53 XML/EDI, 295 XML) c th
trong cc ngnh, lnh vc nh thng mi, bo him, ti chnh, hi quan, in t, ng tu, vn
ti bin, phn phi, t-xe my...
Nht Bn: Hi ng trao i d liu in t (JEDIC) l t chc hot ng nhm ph
bin v thc y EDIFACT, thc y qu trnh chun ha vi c ngi bn v ngi mua cho cc
giao dch kinh doanh. Gn y, JEDIC a ra mt bn kho st v hin trng s dng EDI cho
58 t chc trong lnh vc cng nghip ti Nht Bn. Ket qu cho thy 59.4% cc t chc hin
nay ang p dng EDI trong cng tc hnh chnh v 53,9% ang p dng EDI trong lnh vc
marketing.
Ti i Loan, EDI c s dng chnh nhm mc ch pht trin ngnh ti chnh. Nm
2007, tng lng giao dch gia cc ngn hng dng chun EDI t n 3.012.961 giao dch vi
tng gi tr ln n 91.145 triu USD, trung bnh mi giao dch tr gi 30.300 USD
Ngy nay, vic ng dng EDI cng c m rng hn ra nhiu ngnh nh lng thc, y
t... ch khng ch c trong kinh doanh na v vic pht trin v s dng EDI l mt nhu cu rt
l cn thit.

18

[1212ECM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

2.2.2 Xu hng ng dng EDI Vit Nam

Hin nay mt s h thng thng mi in t c cc doanh nghip a vo v p
dng cc quy m khc nhau v tng bc c hiu qu, phc v hu ch cho hot ng sn xut
kinh doanh. Cc tiu chun h tr thng mi in t ca lin hp quc hoc tiu chun quc t
ang c ph bin v ng dng trong doanh nghip nh cc tiu chun ANSI ASC X12 hay
EDIFACT...
Ti Vit Nam, cc tiu chun c a s cc t chc v doanh nghip bit n v s dng
trong trao i liu in t l XML. Tiu chun ny thng c s dng vo sao lu cc c
s d liu, trao i d liu gia cc t chc doanh nghip khc nhau hoc gia cc chi nhnh ca
mt t chc, doanh nghip nh ngn hng, cng ty chng khon, hi quan...Hu ht cc t chc,
doanh nghp c kho st ang p dng then chun nh dng XML do doanh nghip t xy
dng v cng b p dng. Chng hn tng cc hi quan trin khai ng dng trn nn tng
XML kt hp vi m hnh theo khuyn co ca t chc hi quan th gii (WCO) trao i vi
cc doanh nghip tham gia dch v hi quan in t; b cng thng thng nht biu mu
XML vi phng thng mi v cng nghip Vit Nam (VCCI) v cc phng qun l xut nhp
khu, cc khu cng nghip, khu ch xut sao lu, truyn d liu cp chng nhn xut x in
t v h thng eCoSys.
Mt s doanh nghip nh cng Hi Phng i u trong trin khai trao i d liu in
t qun l v x l vn n cho cc hng tu trong v ngoi nc. Chng trnh ca cng Hi
Phng c xy dng theo tiu chun quc t N/SO EDIFACT 9735 qun l d liu
Container ca cng. Cng ty Uniliver Vit Nam xy dng mng EDI t nm 2007 da trn
tiu chun trao i d liu in t qun l sn phm bng h thng m vch theo tiu chun
GS1.
Ket qu kho st cho thy cc trao i ng dng d liu in t trong mt s ngnh cng
nghip v dch v ti Vit Nam vn ang pht trin mc s khai,n gin v nhiu ng dng
mi ch c quy m ni b ngnh hay trong mt doanh nghip.
Vic trin khai p dng cc tiu chun cng ngh h tr thng mi in t quc t ni chung v
cc tiu chun EDI ni ring vo thc tin l mt qu trnh cng phu cn c thc hin qua

Nhm 3

[1212ECM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

nhiu cng on t nghien cu ,tm hiu,xy dng d n th nghim n trin khai cc d n trn
din rng .c bit l s h tr,chuyn giao cng ngh ca nc ngoi l yu t mng li thnh
cng vng chc cho d n thng mi in t. Do vy ng dng thng mi in t trong cc
hot ng thng mi, cng nghip s cn mt qu trnh ph bin v hng dn,vi ngun nhn
lc mnh v cc chuyn gia v cn b k thut c o to bi bn trin khai cc d n
ln vi cng ngh h tr thng mi in t tin tin ti Vit Nam

2.2.3 ng dng EDI trong lnh vc Thng Mi in T

> H thng mng knh doanh in t ca Cng ty Vinamilk
Vi Vinamilk, pht trin h thng cng ngh thng tin hin i l mt phn quan trng trong
chin lc kinh doanh di hn ca cng ty. H thng qun l sn xut v phn phi trc y
khng th m bo cung cp thng tin chnh xc kp thi phc v cho vic qun l sn xut v
kinh doanh. Cng ty xy dng mt h thng qun l mi vi 2 gii php l Oracle E-Business
Suite v SAP CRM (Customer Relation Management - Qun l quan h khch hng) gii
quyt vn ny.
H thng cho php Vinamilk qun l tt c cc s liu t cc nh phn phi trn cc mi trng
trc tuyn (h thng qua ng truyn Internet s dng chng trnh SAP) hoc ngoi tuyn (s
dng phn mem Solomon ca Microsoft). Thng tin tp trung s gip Vinamilk a ra cc quyt
nh kp thi cng nh h tr chnh xc vic lp k hoch. Vic thu thp v qun l cc thng tin
bn hng ca i l nhm p ng kp thi, em li s tha mn cho khch hng ' cp cao
hn.
Sau mt thi gian th nghim, t thng 1 nm 2007 Vinamilk chnh thc a vo s dng
Oracle E-Business Suite (EBS) phin bn 11.5 v SAP CRM. Thng 4 nm 2007, chng trnh
ERP cng c chnh thc vn hnh. Vi h thng qun tr doanh nghip tng th ny,
Vinamilk c th qun l c tnh hnh ti chnh - k ton, mua sm, bn hng, sn xut v phn
tch kt qu hot ng ca cng ty vi 16 n v trc thuc t H Ni n Cn Th. y l gii
php ERP ln nht c trin khai Vit Nam.
H thng SAP c xy dng trn nn tng cng ngh SAP NetWeaver. Ti Vinamilk,

Nhm 3

[1212ECM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

NetWeaver tch hp thng tin t h thng ERP s dng:

- Oracle EBS - gii php gip gii quyt vic kt ni vi nh cung ng (supplier) v cc quy
trnh khc trong ni b doanh nghip bao gm cc module chun nh: Ti chnh (Finance), Qun
l n hng (Order Management), Mua hng (Procurement), Sn xut (Manufacturing), v.v...
- Microsoft Exchange: H thng email.
- Solomon ( c i tn li l Microsoft Dynamics SL) s dng ti cc nh phn phi v
ng dng trn PDA cho nhn vin bn hng. Ba ng dng ny c Net Weaver tch hp thnh
h thng (Business Warehouse -BW) phc v cho h thng bo co thng minh, gip ban lnh
o c c thng tin chnh xc v trc tuyn v tnh hnh hot ng kinh doanh trn ton quc.
Ti trung tm d liu tr s chnh ca Vinamilk c 4 my ch IBM cng cc my ch khc
ang lu tr cc gii php Oracle EBS, SAP CRM v Microsoft Exchange. Vinamilk xy
dng trung tm ny vi h thng d phng t mc 7, mc d phng cao nht theo tiu chun d
phng quc t nhm m bo s hot ng lin tc ca h thng.
Vic p dng CNTT nhm hin i ha knh phn phi gip Vinamilk h tr rt hiu qu cc
nhn vin nng cao nng lc, tnh chuyn nghip v kh nng nm bt thng tin th trng tt
nht nh s dng cc thng tin c chia s trn ton h thng. Thm vo , Vinamilk cng
105qun l xuyn sut cc chnh sch gi, khuyn mi trong h thng phn phi, hng ti mi
trng kinh doanh t chun quc t v tng cng nng lc qun l trong iu kin hi nhp.
> Cng ty u t v Pht trin cng ngh thng tin (Intecom)
Intecom thuc Tng cng ty Truyn thng a phng tin (VTC) l n v tin phong trong vic
cung cp cc dch v ni dung s vi cc mng hot ng nh VTC Game - game online, VTC
Mobile - cc dch v thng qua in thoi di ng, VTC News - bo ch (VTC News, tp ch
truyn hnh s VTC), VTC Paygate - h tng thanh ton in t cho cc dch v ni dung s trn
mng v di ng, VTC Software - trung tm phn mm xy dng v pht trin h thng phn
mm cho cc dch v s.
Tnh n thi im hin ti, VTC Pay gate c hn 13 triu ti khon ng k. Trong , hn 1,7
triu ti khon c pht sinh giao dch np v hn 1,2 triu ti khon cn s d vi ngun hnh
thnh Vcoin a dng bao gm np trc tip, th tr trc, chuyn khon ngn hng, thanh ton

Nhm 3

[1212ECM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

quc t, nhn tin SMS, Tng i thoi 1900.

Gii php thanh ton in t VTC eBank bao gm:
-

Cc knh u vo: Th tr trc VTC Online, tin nhn mobile SMS, thoi 1900, ti khon

ngn hng (ATM, m-banking, e-banking), tin mt (ti game centers, POSs), th tn dng quc t
(creditcard, International pp card), ti khon t e-bank khc, chuyn khon t game khc.
-

Cc knh s dng u ra: VTC game online, dch v online (hc, luyn thi trc tuyn, shop),

np ti khon mobile tr trc, mua m PIN mobile, cc gii php thanh ton: ph thu bao
truyn hnh di ng, in thoi IP AloVTC, chuyn khon cho cc ti khon e- bank, game khc
VTC, v.v...
Vietnams largest: Integrated online payment platform

Multiple in-streamSingle payment platform Multiple out-stream

Nation-wide coverage
https://Paygate.vtc.Vn

Ready to add on

M hnh thanh ton in t VTC eBank

- Cc m hnh ng dng: kt ni np tin, kt ni chuyn khon 2 chiu, v kt ni lm cng

thanh ton trong bn hng, thu ph dch v, v.v...
- Quy m ng dng: VTC eBank hin c kh nng phc v ti a 2 t ti khon, s giao dch
ng thi hin ti l hn 32 nghn.
Gii php cng ngh Paygate ca Intecom hin nay s dng cng ngh kin trc hng dch v

[1212ECM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

(SOA). Bo mt ng truyn v d liu s dng giao thc HTTPS/SSL, chng thc cc giao
dch gia cc my ch kt ni s dng cng ngh chng ch s RSA. Cc chun d liu c s
dng bao gm chun XML, chun thng ip giao dch ti chnh ISO 8583, cc quy nh chun
cu trc d liu t nh ngha. Cc giao thc kt ni HTTP/HTTPS, RMI, Socket TCP/P, SOAP,
MSQEUE, v.v... v cc gii php tch hp vi cc t chc, doanh nghip ngnh ngn hng, ti
chnh, vin thng, Intecom cng cc i tc thng nht cc giao thc, b ch tiu v th tc giao
dch da trn vic hiu chnh v ci tin cc tiu chun quc t cho ph hp vi iu kin ng
dng ti Vit Nam. Sau hai nm p dng gii php VTC eBank kt qu kinh doanh ca Intecom
c nhng bc tin ng k.

Nhm 3

[1212ECM0311 ] Qun tr tc nghip TMT B2B

Nhm 3

Bng tng trng doanh thu ca VTC eBank qua cc nm

Nm

(n v: t ng)

Doanh thu dch v ni dung s

2006

2007

2008

140

220

340

120

460

Doanh thu giao dch thng mi

Trong mt ngy, VTCeBank c hn 30.000 giao dch np tin vo h thng v cng hn 30.000
doanh nghip giao dch tiu dng Vcoin vo cc dch v. Hin nay lun c hn 1,7 triu ti
khon c d tin trong s hn 10 triu ng k thu bao.
Trong nm 2009, trn nn tng VTC Paygate v th a nng VTC Online, Intecom s tin hnh:
- Pht trin h thng thanh ton in t.
- Hnh thnh h thng thanh ton lin kt tp trung: kt ni ngn hng, cc im thanh ton.
- M rng quy m, a cc tiu chun vo p dng, trao i d liu in t EDI t ng ha
qu trnh t hng/phn phi, thanh ton th, v.v...

III, Kt Lun
Trao i d liu in t. y l mt cng c thit yu trong cc giao dch doanh nghip
vi doanh nghip (B2B) qua Internet. Mt gii php cho php truyn thng in t mt cch an
ton, bao gm cc thng tin v qu thanh ton gia ngi mua v ngi bn qua cc mng d
liu ring. Giao thc trao i d liu in t gia cc cng ty qua mng truyn thng nh mng
gi tr gia tng (VAN -value-added network) hoc mng Internet.
Khi ngy cng nhiu cng ty kt ni vi Internet, vai tr ca EDI - mt c ch gip cc
cng ty c th mua, bn v trao i thng tin qua mng, cng tr nn quan trng.

B tiu chun ph bin nht ca EDI l XI2, do t chc ANSI thng qua. Internet cng lm mt
cuc cch mng ho nn thng mi in t doanh nghip n doanh nghip. EDI thng qua
Internet r hn rt nhiu so vi VANs v nhng ngi s dng EDI qui m ln pht trin
nhng h thng giao dch trc tuyn ca h da trn web da trn nhng ngn ng nh du
tng thch vi Web thay cho nhng ti liu EDI cng nhc.
Nm 2001, mt phin bn ca XML c thit k cho thng mi in t, c gi l
ebXML, chnh thc c chun ho v nhng ngi s dng ngy nay ang tin hnh kt hp
nhng yu t tt nht ca ED v ebXML to ra mt loi hnh thng mi in t hon ho
hn.
Ngy nay m hnh trn c ng dng rt rng ri, cc doanh nghip Vit Nam c
gng a h thng EDI vo trong doanh nghip mnh tn dng ti a nhng li ch ca n.
Vi pht trin ca thng mi in t Vit Nam hin nay c l ngy khng cn xa na.