Trigonometric Formulae

July 15, 2009

1 Basic Trigonometry
1.

sin2 + cos2 = 1

or sin2 = 1 cos2 or 1 sincos = 1 +sincos

2.

sec2 tan2 = 1

or sec2 = 1 + tan2 or sec tan = sec +1 tan

3.

cosec2 cot2 = 1 or cosec2 = 1+cot2 or cosec cot =

1
cosec + cot

2 Sum and Dierence of Angle formulae

1.
2.

sin(A B) = sin A cos B cos A sin B

cos(A B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B

(a) Derived from above :

i. sin(A + B) sin(A B) = sin2 A sin2 B = cos2 B cos2 A
ii. cos(A + B) cos(A B) = cos2 A sin2 B = cos2 B sin2 A

iii. sin 2 = 2 sin cos = 1 +2 tan

tan2
iv.

2
Another form : cos2 = 1 + cos
&
2

v.
3.

tan 2 =

tan(A B) =

2 }}

2 tan
1 tan2

tan A tan B
1 tan A tan B

(where A, B, (A B) {| < {n +

tan
(a) Special Case : tan( 4 ) = 11
tan

4.

1 tan2
1 + tan2
1

cos
2
sin2 =
2

cos 2 = cos2 sin2 = 2 cos2 1 = 1 2 sin2 =

cot(A B) =

cot A cot B 1
cot A cot B

PRODUCT TO SUM OR DIFFERENCE

3 Triple Angles
1.
2.
3.

sin 3x = 3 sin x 4 sin3 x

cos 3x = 4 cos3 x 3 cos x
tan 3x =

3 tan x tan3 x
1 3 tan2 x

4 Sum and dierence to Product

1.

sin C + sin D = 2 sin

C +D
C +D
cos
2
2

2.

sin C sin D = 2 cos

C D
C +D
sin
2
2

3.

cos C + cos D = 2 cos

C +D
C D
cos
2
2

4.

cos C cos D = 2 sin

DC
C +D
sin
2
2

(Note D C )

5 Product to sum or dierence

1.
2.
3.
4.

2 sin A cos B = sin(A + B) + sin(A B)

2 cos A sin B = sin(A + B) sin(A B)
2 cos A cos B = cos(A + B) + cos(A B)
2 sin A sin B = cos(A B) cos(A + B)

(Note the change here)