Outline

Reading: Livingston, Chapter 4

Electromagnetic Waves in Dielectric Materials

Refraction and Reflection
Snells Law
Total Internal Reflection
Normal Incidence Reflection
Frequency Dependence of r and n
Electric Field Intensity and Attenuation
Diffraction SKIPPED

Chapter 4

Electromagnetic Waves in Dielectric Materials

x

z
y

Chapter 4

normal

Material Properties: Refraction and Reflection

n1
n2

Total internal
reflection

Refraction
Simulator
Snells Law:

Critical Angle:

http://interactagram.com/physics/optics/refraction/
Chapter 4

Total Internal Reflection: Fiber Optics

Chapter 4

n2>n1

n1
n2

Normal Incidence Reflection

dielectric

metal

2
(
n2 n1 )
R=
(n1 + n2 )2

2
(
n2 n1 ) + 2
R=
(n1 + n2 )2 + 2

Compare reflection of glass window to silicon.

Lecture #4
Chapter 4

Frequency Dependence of r and n

Chapter 4

Dispersion in Dielectrics

Chapter 4

Intensity and Attenuation of Light

How do you quantify light?

How does the intensity of light change as it propagates through a matl?

Chapter 4

Review Questions
1. As compared to vacuum, does the speed of light
increase or decrease when it enters a dielectric
material? What causes this change?
2. What is refraction?
3. What is total internal reflection?
4. In real materials, what is the difference between n and
r?
5. How are light intensity and electric field amplitude
related?

Chapter 4

Important Equations
cmat 'l =

mat 'l =

c
n

n1 sin 1 = n2 sin 2

2
(
n2 n1 )
R=
(n1 + n2 )2

r = n2

Xo 2
I = c o n
2
dB = 10 log10

2d sin = n
Io
I

2
(
n2 n1 ) + 2
R=
(n1 + n2 )2 + 2

Chapter 4

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