TM TT CCH DNG 12 TH TRONG TING ANH

1. Hin ti n:

* Cu trc:
(+) S + V/ V(s;es) + Object...
(-) S do/ does not + V +...
(?) Do/ Does + S + V
* Cch dng:
_ Hnh ng xy ra hin ti: I am here now
_ Thi quen hin ti: I play soccer
_ S tht hin nhin;Chn l ko th ph nhn: the sun rises in the east
* Trng t i km: always; usually; often; sometimes; occasionally; ever; seldom; rarely; every...
Cch chia s nhiu:
th khng nh ca th hin ti n, "ng t thng" c chia bng cch:
-Gi nguyn hnh thc nguyn mu ca ng t khi ch ng l "I / You / We / They v cc ch ng
s nhiu khc"
-Thm "s" hoc "es" sau ng t (Vs/es) khi ch ng l "He / She / It v cc ch ng s t khc"
+Phn ln cc trng hp th ng t khi chia vi ch ng s t u c thm "s", ngoi tr nhng
t tn cng bng "o,x, ch, z, s, sh" th ta thm "es" vo sau ng t.
+Khi ng t tn cng l "y" th i "y" thnh "I" v thm "es" vo sau ng t
Cch pht m s,es:
/iz/: ce, x, z, sh, ch, s, ge
/s/: t, p, f, k, th
/z/:khng c trong hai trng hp trn
2. Hin ti tip din:
* Cu trc:
(+) S + is/am/are + Ving
(-) S + is/am/are not + Ving
(?) Is/Am/ Are + S + Ving
* Cch dng:
_ ang xy ra ti 1 thi im xc nh hin ti
_ Sp xy ra c d nh t trc.
_ Khng dng vi cc ng t chi gic nh: SEE; HEAR; LIKE; LOVE...
* Trng t i km: At the moment; at this time; right now; now; ........
3. Hin ti hon thnh:

* Cu trc:
(+) S + have/has + PII
(-) S + have/has not + PII
(?) Have/ Has + S + PII
* Cch dng:
_ Xy ra trong qa kh, kt qu lin quan n hin ti.( Nhn mnh n kt qu ca hnh ng)
* Trng t: just; recently; lately; ever; never; already; yet; since; for; so far; until now; up to now; up to
present..
4. Hin ti hon thnh tip din:
* Cu trc:
(+) S + have/has been + Ving
(-) S + have/has been + Ving
(?) Have/Has + S + been + Ving
* Cch dng:
_ Xy ra trong qu kh, ko di n hin ti v c th tip tc xy ra trong tng lai. ( Nhn
mnh tnh lin tc ca hnh ng)
* Trng t i km: just; recently; lately; ever; never; since; for.
5. Qu kh n:
* Cu trc:
(+) S + Ved/ PI-ct 2 trong bng ng t bt quy tc.
(-) S + didnt + V
(?) Did + S + V
* Cch dng:
_ Xy ra v chm dt hon ton trong qu kh.
_ Nhiu hnh ng xy ra lin tip trong qu kh.
_ Trong cu iu kin loi 2.
* Trng t i km: Yesterday; the day before yesterday; ago; already; last; in + mc thi gian trong
qu kh.
Cch c ed:
/id/: t,d
/t/: c, ch, s, f, k, p x, sh
/d/: cc trng hp cn li
6. Qu kh tip din:
* Cu trc:

(+) S + was/ were + Ving

(-) S + was / were not + Ving.
(?) Was/ Were + S + Ving.
* Cch dng:
_ Cc hnh ng xy ra ti 1 thi im xc nh trong qu kh
_ Nhiu hnh ng xy ra ng thi trong qu kh.
_ 1 hnh ng ang xy ra 1 hnh ng khc xen vo: hnh ng ang xy ra dng QKTD; hnh
ng xen vo dng QK.
* T ni i km: While; when.
7. Qu kh hon thnh:
* Cu trc:
(+) S + had + PII
(-) S + had not + PII
(?) Had + S + PII
*Cch dng:
_ Mt hnh ng xy ra trc 1 hnh ng khc trong QK ( hnh ng xy ra trc dng QKHT;
hnh ng xy ra sau dng QK)
_ Hnh ng xy ra trc 1 thi im xc nh trong qu kh.
_ Trong cu iu kin loi 3.
* Trng t i km: before; after; when; while; as soon as; by(trc); already; never; ever; until...
8. Qu kh hon thnh tip din (t dng):
* Cu trc:
(+) S + had been + Ving
(-) S + hadnt been + ving
(?) Had + S + been + Ving
* Cch dng:
_ Ch hnh ng v ang din ra v c th hon tt trc 1 hnh ng khc trong qu kh ( nhn
mnh n tnh lin tc ca hnh ng)
* Trng t: before; after; when; while; as soon as; by(trc); already; ever; until
9. Tng lai n:
* Cu trc:
(+) S + will/ shall + V (will ngy nay c th dng vi tt c cc
(-) S + will/ shall not + V ngi nhng shall dng vi I v WE )
(?)Will / Shall + S + V
* Cch dng:
_ Sp xy ra trong tng lai khng c d nh trc.
_ Cu yu cu; ngh; li ha; d on cho tng lai.

_ Trong cu iu kin loi 1.

* Trng t: tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; next; in + thi gian tng lai
Tng lai gn:
* Cu trc:
(+) S + is/am/are + going to + V
(-) S + is/am/ are not + going to + V
(?)Is/Am/ Are + S + going to + V
* Cch dng:
_ Sp xy ra trong tng lai c d nh trc.
_ Chc chn s xy ra trong tng lai theo 1 tnh hung cho trc.
* Trng t: tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; next; in+ thi gian tng lai
10. Tng lai tip din:
* Cu trc:
(+) S + will / shall + be + Ving
(-) S + will / shall not + be + Ving
(?) Will / Shall + S + be + Ving
* Cch dng:
_ ang xy ra ti thi im xc nh trong tng lai.
_ Nhiu hnh ng xy ra ng thi trong tng lai.
* Trng t: cc trng t nh trong tng lai n; nhng phi da vo tng hon cnh c th chia
th.
11. Tng lai hon thnh:
* Cu trc:
(+) S + will / shall + have + PII
(-) S will/ shall not + have + PII
(?) Will / Shall + S + have + PII
* Cch dng:
_ Mt hnh ng xy ra trc 1 hnh ng khc trong tng lai.
_ Mt hnh ng xy ra trc 1 thi im xc nh trong tng lai.
* Trng t: By the time; By + mc thi gian trong qu kh.
12.Tng lai hon thnh tip din:
* Cu trc:
(+) S + will have been + Ving
(-) S + wont have been + Ving
(?) (How long) + will + S + have been + Ving

*Cch dng:
_ Kt hp vi mnh thi gian ( by the time + th hin ti n )
_ Din t hnh ng v ang xy ra v c th hon tt trc 1 hnh ng khc trong tng lai.
* Du hiu nhn bit: By the time + mnh thi gian th hin ti; by + ngy/ gi.
Trn y ch l nhng cch dng c bn nht ca 12 th trong ting anh,qua y cc bn s c ci
nhn tng th nht v 12 th,v bi cng kh di nn ad khng ng thm v d na.Tuy nhin y
khng phi l mu cht c th lm tt bi tp chia ng t.