Phng php

Nghin cu khoa hc
(SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY)

Ts. L Mnh Hi
Khoa CNTT,
H K thut Cng ngh TP HCM
1

M u

I Mc ch mn hc:
Gip hc vin c cch tip cn khoa hc vi vic Nghin
cu vit lun vn thc s lun n tin s
Trin khai cc hot ng v qun l cc nghin cu khoa
hc sau ny.
II. Thi gian v ni dung: 30 tit l thuyt + 15 tit seminar

Tng quan(3 tit)

Phng php khoa hc v Tng quan ti liu (6 tit)
T chc thc hin lun vn/lun n (3 tit)
Phi hp nghin cu (3 tit)
Xy dng cng v qun l d n/lun vn (6 tit)
nh gi kt qu (3 tit)
o c nghin cu v s hu tr tu (6 tit)
Bo co cng/trnh by bi bo (15 tit)

III Gio trnh v ti liu tham kho

Bi ging ca L Mnh Hi (Lu hnh ni b)
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES
AND TECHNIQUES by Luis M. Camarinha-Matos
www.uninova.pt/cam/teaching/SRMT/SRMTunit1.pdf
Scientific Research Method: Techniques, Models and
Practices. Prof. Vu Duong
http://www.jvn.edu.vn/upload/files/file/AdvSR/PPNC
KH2011-Part1.pdf

IV. nh gi:
im gia k (30%): cng lun vn thc s
Thi kt thc mn (70%): Bi t lun vi 3 cu hi.
hoc 02 bi bo c chp nhn
V. Gio vin:
Ts. L Mnh Hi. Khoa CNTT HUTECH.
email: lm.hai@hutech.edu.vn
Website: giangvien.hutech.edu.vn

Bi 1: Tng quan
Mc tiu:
Tm quan trng ca mn hc
Cc bc tip cn v hon thnh mn hc
Xy dng cng chi tit v k hoch hon
thnh lun vn/lun n/ d n

Ng cnh

Cc vn m mn hc s h tr

 Approach, Method or Methodology?

- Approach l cch tip c n m t vn , hay bt u
gii quyt m t vn .
- Method l cch thc hay phng php lm m t
vi c g.
- Methodology l m t h thng cc phng php, con
c gi l h phng php.
- Methodology cung c ngha l mn khoa hc hay mn
nghin cu cc phng php, hay phng php lu n
.

 Khoa hc l g? SCIENCE
1. The systematic observation of natural events and conditions in order to discover facts
about them and to formulate laws and principles based on these facts. (Quan st to quy lut)
2. The organized body of knowledge that is derived from such observations and that can
be verified or tested by further investigation. (T chc tri thc v kim tra tnh xc
thc)
3. Any specific branch of this general body of knowledge, such as biology, physics,
geology, or astronomy. (L mt nhnh ca ton b hiu bit ca loi ngi)

Academic Press Dictionary of Science & Technology

Lun vn thc s cng l mt nghin cu khoa hc -> cn thc
hin nh mi cng trnh NCKH

Khoa hc v k thut
Khoa hc tr li hai cu hi: Why and how
K thut tr li cu hi: what
Khoa hc to nn tng cho k thut. Kt qu ca NCKH l
pht minh (Invention), kt qu ca hot ng k thut l
to mi (Innovation)

10

Tm quan trng ca khoa hc

l thuyt
Gii thch hoc m t (m hnh ha) mt s kin
t ra mt khi nim khung gii thch v tin
on s kin
L thuyt khoa hc khng bao gi hon thin.
V vy nghin cu khoa hc l a ra cc gi
thuyt (Hypothesis) v kim chng /bc b
chng
11

Lun vn/Lun n (Thesis)

- L lun im khoa hc m nh khoa hc tin
v (c gng) chng minh tnh ng n.

12

 Nghin cu l g???
Phn loi nghin cu
Phng php lun: Nghin cu thc nghim
v nghin cu l thuyt (Empirical vs.
Theoretical Research)
Tnh ng dng: Nn v ng dng
(Fundamental vs. Applied Research)
Phm vi: Hn lm v cng nghip
(Academic vs. Industrial Research)
13

Nghin cu l thuyt v nghin

cu thc nghim
Nghin cu thc nghim
Ngm hiu l quan st v o c bng dng
c nh gi/cng c mt l thuyt.
Nghin cu l thuyt:
Ngm hiu l xy dng mt m hnh vi cc
quy lut/tnh cht/hot ng d kin
Hy cho v d v hai loi hnh NC trn?
14

Nghin cu ng dng v nghin

cu nn
Nghin cu nn: cc tc nhn h qu ni
chung.
Nghin cu ng dng: ng dng kt qu
nghin cu nn vo mt cng ngh to ra
mt sn phm phc v cuc sng
Nghin cu no quan trng hn?

15

Cc im c trng ca nghin cu

Controlled (kim sot c)

Rigorous (nghim ngt)
Systematic (h thng)
Valid and and verifiable (ng v kim tra c)
Empirical (thc nghim chng t c)
Critical (c hn nh)

16

Cc phng php suy lun?

Suy lun suy din (deductive): T chung ->
ring
Gio s mn logic hc nhn ra mnh b mt knh. ng bn ngi suy
lun xem i tng no ly knh ca mnh.
"Ai ly cp? ng nhin l k cp ri. V tn ny c th b cn th, c
th khng. C th hn c knh, c th cha c.
Nhng nu cha c lm sao hn c th trng thy knh ca mnh? iu
ny chng t hn khng b cn th. M khng b cn th th u cn ti
knh.
T nhng gi thuyt trn, c th kt lun l khng ai ly knh ca mnh
c. Chc chn n nm u y thi.
Nhng mnh nhn khp ri, khng thy g c. M mnh nhn c
nh vy c ngha l mnh ang eo knh. i may qu!!!".
17

 Suy lun quy np (inductive)

T mt vi trng hp ring -> chung
- ng vi mt s trng hp. (im ring)
- Nu ng vi n th ng vi n+1 (ph qut)
Cc phng php suy lun cn thn trng khi s dng
Suy lun c ch chn la (abductive) (l mt hnh thc quy np
nhng thiu tnh ph qut- thng dng khi c t thng tin). V
d khi khm bnh,
Suy lun tng t (Analogical) (hng t chung ring nhng c
suy lun quy np). V d: A l ph n v A p,
B l ph n -> B p
Suy lun phn lun (Fallacious). c dng trong x hi hc, t
dng trong khoa hc
V d: Ph n th p. Tun khng phi ph n -> Tun khng p
18

 Lun (gi thuyt khoa hc)

Lun tr li cu hi cn chng minh iu g? trong
nghin cu. Lun l mt phn on hay mt gi
thuyt cn c chng minh.
Lun c
Lun c tr li cu hi Chng minh bng ci g?. - c s
chng minh mt lun . C hai loi lun c c s
dng trong nghin cu khoa hc:
Lun c l thuyt: bao gm cc l thuyt, lun im, tin
, nh l, nh lut, qui lut c khoa hc chng
minh v xc nhn l ng. Lun c l thuyt cung c
xem l c s l lun.
Lun c thc tin: da trn c s s liu thu thp, quan st
v lm th nghim.
19

 Lun chng
Lun chng tr li cu hi Chng minh bng cch no?.
Trong nghin cu khoa hc, chng minh mt lun , mt
gi thuyt hay s tin on th nh nghin cu s dng lun
chng, chng hn kt hp cc php suy lun, gia suy lun suy
din, suy lun qui np v loi suy.
Mt cch s dng lun chng khc, l phng php tip cn
v thu thp thng tin lm lun c khoa hc, thu thp s liu
thng k trong thc nghim hay trong cc loi nghin cu iu
tra. (x hi hc)

20

5 bc c bn NCKH
Bc

Ni dung

Quan st s vt, hin tng

t vn nghin cu

t gi thuyt hay s tin on

Thu thp thng tin hay s liu th nghim

Kim chng /Kt lun

21

7 bc lm lun vn thc s
t vn / Xy dng cng
5 bc NCKH
Cng b / Bo v

22

iu g cn tr bn NCKH

23

Hy t kim tra cc phm cht

ca mnh.
iu g sau y lm bn tht vng nht?
Vt v?
Mo him?
Tht bi?
Tn nhiu thi gian?
Ngi suy ngh?
Khng bit bt u t u?

=> gii php?

24

Bn cn g GVHD?

Is an expert in the area you selected ?

Is internationally recognized in the area ?
Is well connected in the international scientific arena ?
Is willing and able to promote your work at conferences and the
like?
Is active (research, publications) ?
Has previous supervision experience ?
Is interested in the topic you selected ?
Can provide research facilities ?
Is willing to fight the system for you ?
Will you be integrated in a group ?
Do you want co-supervision?
25

Cu hi n tp
1. Phn bit khoa hc v k thut (science vs.
engineering)
2. Hy nu cc hnh thc NCKH?
3. Cc c trng ca NCKH?
4. Cc phng php suy lun? V d?
5. Cc bc thc hin lun vn thc s nh
mt NCKH
26

Bi k tip
Phng php khoa hc v Tng quan ti
liu
Chun b mt tng cho lun vn thc s
(khong 1 trang)
Vn l g?
Gi nh ?
K hoch ?
27