You are on page 1of 6

:

5 : 18;


 : 


   

   

 ! # $


 
   

:
 
"  
  #

 :  
 
  (  ' 
 :  (  '


: ' ( (1
1
x      ln        
x
.1 " $ ]  0, +[ ! 

( x ]0, +[ ) : ln ( x ) = x1 : 
. ln (1) = 0 1 " $      
:     + , : #( 2
lim ln ( x ) = + :1 ,-
x +

lim ln ( x ) = :2 ,-

x 0+

: $  , ( 3

( a  0 )( b  0 )
ln ( ab ) = ln ( a ) + ln (b )

:1 ,- 4$!
ln ( 2 )  0, 7  

1
ln = ln (b )
b
a
ln = ln ( a ) ln (b )
b
1
ln a = ln ( a )
2
n
( n  ) ln ( a ) = n ln (a )

ln ( 3)  1,1
:
ln ( 6 ) = ln ( 2 3)
= ln ( 2 ) + ln ( 3)
 0, 7 + 1,1  1,8

( )

.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6

:$# 13 , 4$!


:  678" ln ( 3)  1,1 ln ( 2 )  0, 7 3! : 

ln 3 2

3 2
ln

2 3

ln

( 6)

ln ( 72 )

8
ln
12

:67
a
ln = ln ( a ) ln (b )
b

72 = 9 8

8
2 4
2
ln = ln
= ln
12
3 4
3
= ln ( 2 ) ln ( 3)
= 0, 7 1,1 = 0, 4

ln ( 72 ) = ln ( 9 8 ) = ln ( 9 ) + ln ( 8 )


 
:

= ln ( 32 ) + ln ( 23 )

= 2 ln ( 3) + 3ln ( 2 )

ln ( ab ) = ln ( a ) + ln (b )

= 2 (1,1) + 3 ( 0, 7 )
= 2, 2 + 2,1 = 4,3

ln ( a n ) = n ln ( a )
ln

ln

1
a = ln ( a )
2

( )

3 2
3 3 2 2
3
3
=
=
=
2
2 3
2 3 3 2
2

( 6 ) = 12 ln ( 6) = 12 ln ( 2 3)

1
1
ln ( 2 ) + ln ( 3) ) = ( 0, 7 + 1,1)
(
2
2
1
= (1,8 ) = 0, 9
2

3 2
3 1 3
ln
= ln
= ln
2
2
3

2 2
1
= ( ln ( 3) ln ( 2 ) )
2
1
1
= (1,1 0, 7 ) = 0, 4 = 0, 2
2
2
ln 3 2 = ln ( 3) + ln 2

1
= ln ( 3) + ln ( 2 )
2
1
= 1,1 + ( 0, 7 )
2
= 1,1 + 0,35 = 1, 45

ln ( ab ) = ln ( a ) + ln (b )
ln

( )

( a ) = 12 ln (a )

: x ln ( x ) (  > 4

( a  0 )( b  0 )
ln ( a ) = ln (b ) a = b
( a  0 )( b  0 )
ln ( a )  ln (b ) a  b
ln ( a ) ln (b ) a b
.$:;   ln  

( x ]0, +[ ) : ln ( x ) = x1 : 
( x ]0, +[ ) : ln ( x ) = x1  0 "x
]0, +[
x
f'

 0 

! $:;   ln  


:  = 
+

0
+

+
f(x)

ln (e 3 ) = 3
ln (e 4 ) = 4

ln ( x ) = 7 $ +8
x = e 7 $

e  2, 71828

:e

( (5

. ln (e ) = 1 >,?  @, ,? $  e

e $ ! 7A  A > :


( n  ) ln (e n ) = n ln (e ) : ! +B?

( n  ) ln (e n ) = n


 
:

1B# ( 1( C ln  A#7#( 6


y
8
6
4
2

x
-8

-6

-4

-2

-2
-4
-6
-8

:BE
:( 1, 0 ) :,  " ln    ? $

1
ln ( x ) =
x
1
ln (1) = = 1
1
ln (1) = 0

y = ln (1)( x 1) + ln (1)
y = x 1

:( e , 0 ) :,  " ln    ? $

y = ln (e )( x e ) + ln (e )

1
e
ln (e ) = 1

ln (e ) =

y =

1
(x e ) +1
e

1
x :
e
. ( x ]0,1[ ) : ln ( x ) 0  $ ] @0,1[ " + " ? 3?  ln  ? 

y =

. ( x ]1, +[ ) : ln ( x )  0  $ ] @1, +[ " + " ? 3?  ln  ? 

ln (10 ) 1 I8J
log (10 ) = 1 K 8 "
:2 ,- 4$!
log ( 20 ) 78  

log ( 2 )  0,30103 !


log ( 20 ) = log ( 2 10 )
= log ( 2 ) + log (10 )
 0,30103 + 1
 1,30103

: G( 13 ( 7
:'(

]0, +[

! "$  log : F$    


ln ( x )

( x ]0, +[ ) : log ( x ) ln (10 ) : 


:G( 13   ,
log (10 ) = 1 log (1) = 0 .1

( a  0 )( b  0 ) : log ( a b ) = log ( a ) + log (b )

.2

( a  0 ) : log

1
= log (b ) .3
b

( a  0 )( b  0 ) : log

a
= log ( a ) log (b ) .4
b

( a  0 )( n  ) : log ( a n ) = n log ( a )
( n  ) : log (10n ) = n
1

( x ]0, +[ ) : log ( x ) = x ln (10 )

.5
.6
.7


 
:

lim log ( x ) = + lim+ log ( x ) = .8

x +

x 0

c log ( x ) c + 1 "10 x 10c +1 .9


c

x = 104, 27 :TU
100 x 1000 : 
10 2 x 103 :
2 log ( x ) 3 :

( a  0 )( b  0 ) : log ( a ) = log (b ) a = b
( a  0 )( b  0 ) : log ( a )  log (b ) a  b

.10
.11

:G( 13 > 

log ( x )  2, :

x
f'

0
+

+
f(x)
-

:H  (:$# 13 , 4$!


ln ( x ) = 7 (3

:  J$ "  +8 : 


ln ( x ) = 0 (1

ln ( x ) = 1 (2

ln ( x ) + ln ( 4 x ) = ln ( 6 x ) (6

ln ( x 1) = ln ( 2x + 3) (5

ln ( x + 1) = ln ( 3) (4

:67
ln ( x ) = 0 $ " x  0 P 6 (1

]0, +[  $ Q@ R $  = !


ln ( x ) = ln (1) S"P ln ( x ) = 0 $
1 ]0, +[  x = 1 = 
S = {1} : $ 8 ! "
]0, +[  ln ( x ) = 1 $ R $( ! 2
x = e ln ( x ) = ln (e ) S"P 
S = {e } "e ]0, +[ 
]0, +[  ln ( x ) = 7 $ R $( ! 3
x = e 7 ln ( x ) = ln (e 7 ) S"P 
. S = {e 7 } "e 7 ]0, +[ 

. x  0 $  ln ( x ) P

. ln (1) = 0

7 = ln (e 7 )

. ( n  ) : ln (e n ) = n

x  1 x + 1  0 P 6 (4
]1, +[  ln ( x + 1) = ln ( 3) $ R $  = !

x 1

3
2

3
x 
2
x 1 x  3
2

x  1 S"P

x = 2 x + 1 = 3 S"P $
S = {2} "2 ]1, +[ 
2x + 3  0 x 1  0 P 6 (5
3
x  1 x  x  1 2x  3 x  1
2
ln ( x 1) = ln ( 2x + 3) $ R $  = !
x = 4 x 1 = 2x + 3 S"P  4 ]1, +[ 
S = "4 ]1, +[ 


 
:

S"P x 6 x 4 x  0
.0 x 4

4 x  0 x  0 P 6 (6
.6x  0
. x 6 x 4 x  0
R $  = !
ln ( x ) + ln ( 4 x ) = ln ( 6 x ) $

ln x ( 4 x ) = ln ( 6 x ) S"P]  0, 4[ 

ax 2 + bx + c = 0

x ( 4 x ) = 6 x

= b 2 4ac

x 5x + 6 = 0 4x x 2 = 6 x
 V  K $  Q@
  7? 8 
2

ax 2 + bx + c = 0 $  " 0 
K XA K 8 + ,
b
b +
x1 =
x2 =
2a
2a

= ( 5 ) 4 (1)( 6 ) = 25 24 = 1

x 2 5x + 6 = 0 $ =  = 1  
5 +1
5 1
.x2 =
= 3 x1 =
= 2 K XA K 8 + ,
2
2
3 ]0, 4[ . 2 ]0, 4[ 

ln ( x ) + ln ( 4 x ) = ln ( 6 x ) $ 8 ! "


S = {2,3} :

:$# 13 A  >, 7   :$# 13 , 4$!


: 

( x ]0, +[ ) f ( x ) = x ln x x + 1 : ] 0, +[
. e  2, 71 ln ( 3)  1,1 ln ( 2 )  0, 69 !

ln (1) = 0
ln (e ) = 1
ln ( 2 2 ) = 2 ln ( 2 )
1
ln = ln ( x )
x

! "$ f   $

1
f f ( 4 ) f (e ) f (1) 678 .1
3
. ]0, +[ K x +P f ( x ) 678 .2
. f   Y  Z! .3
.4 " (C f )  $ 8 .4

:67
f (1) = 1ln (1) 1 + 1 = 0 .1
f (e ) = e ln (e ) r + 1
= e 1 e + 1
= e e +1 = 1
f ( 4 ) = 4 ln ( 4 ) 4 + 1
= 4 ln ( 22 ) 4 + 1

= 8ln ( 2 ) 3
= 8 0, 69 3 = 2,52
1
f = ln ( 3)  1,1
3


 
:

: f ( x ) 78 .2

f ( x ) = ( x ln ( x ) x + 1)

= ( x ln ( x ) ) ( x ) + (1)

f ( x ) = ln ( x )

= ( x ) ln ( x ) + x ln ( x ) 1 + 0

= ln ( x ) + 1 1
4 B" :,   !  $ .3
y = f ( 4 )( x 4 ) + f ( 4 ) :
. f ( 4 ) = 1,38 f ( 4 ) = 2, 25 y = 1,38x 3
1 B" :,   !  $
y = f (1)( x 1) + f (1) :

f (1) = 0 f (1) = 0 y = 0
f ( x ) = 2 ln ( x ) x : ] 0, +[ ! "$ f   $

]0,3] 

! f   Y  Z!

]0,3] .

! [  $ $ " f (  ? C f ) SF


:+?
. lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ x = 0 lim+ ln ( x ) =  
x 0

x 0

x 0

2
2x
1 =
x
x
:   f Y  = 

.$:; 6 x ( 2 x )  f ( x ) f ( x ) =
x
f' ( x

2
+

3
-

-0,6
f(x)
-

-0,8


 
:

You might also like