oi Solution 4.1. AAA The values the signals ares fellow Ce [emo [o [= [aay [0 eps 2 [sam [0 | xe | tomw | o ALUM isthe conto signal that controls the Mux at the ALU inputs 0 (Reg) selects the output ofthe register ile and 1 Imm) selects the immediate fom the instruction weed as the secon input othe ALL. [Regi is the contro signal that controls the Mansa he Data input to the regis: tere, 0 (ALL) selects the outpr ofthe ALU and 1 (Mem) selects the output of memory. ‘value ofXis ‘ont care” (does not mutter if signa sO or 1) 4.4.2 Resources pororming a useful fanetin for this instruction are 2 [Mean baatinaradooenaa 1S [ Alowostnonh fot rt deacon mada abe Rne 443 SS Sco baa Moray 1 [arc a sz ead pare egies | None al res pode aad) 4314 One ong path for and instruction isto read the instruction red he rg ‘ser, go through the ALUMasy, perform the ALU operation, and go through the ‘Max that conta the wrt data for Registers (I-Mem, Res Mas ALU, and Me). ‘The other lng path ssi, but goes through Cental while registers are read (Q-Memn Coro Mas ALU, Mu Ther are other paths but they are short suchas the PC increment path (ony Add and then Mux) te pat to prevent branching (-Mem, Conta Max uses Branch signa to select the PC +4 input as the new vale for PC, the path tha prevents a memoey write (only TeMem and then Contact).[Car ee eS we GCA NON BAT RGSS [canons sr an aS we GRE pa HAS RS MGA 421.5 Onelong path so rea instruction read registers use the Max to select the immediate asthe second ALU input, use ALU (compute address) access D-Menty and we the Mux to select that as register data input we have FeMesm, Res, ‘Mux, ALU; D-Mem, Ma, The other log path is smal, bu gos through Cantol instead of Regs (to generate the control inal for the ALU MUX). Other pts are shorter and ate similar to shorter paths described for 4.4. | car er an eG Ue ON TaN RAT Re MAL DM i [Cart fr ene oe abil pais Hb Pe Ma AM 4.1. This insrection has two kinds of long paths, those that determine the ‘branch condition and these that compute the new PC: To determine the branch «condition, we read the instruction, red registers or use the Control unt then we ‘the ALL) Muscand then the ALU to compare the rwo values then use the Ze out pu of the ALU to contro the Mux that selects the new PC. Asin doe al 415: = | Peiisieah naa Rap nee [Testa era a) ee “To compute the PC, one path isto increment itby 4 (Add), add the off (Add), ann selec that valueas the new PC (Mux). The other path for computing the PC's ‘to Read the instruction (to ge the off) use the branch Add unit and Mux. Both ‘of the compute-PC paths ae shorter than dhe eritical path that determines the ‘branch condition, Because [-Mem slower than the PC +4 Add unit ane because ALU is slower than thebranch Add Solution 4.2 4.24. Existing blocks that can be used for this instruction are: a] Pe rawasin ane roratinmmrarshen aise pre a Rages, Hew tevetopatarhegsies 1. | Tae nstutin uss te vats nara oe ee eG RCOS Te a ‘Tetpsce eae athe a he er ee 4.2.2 Now functional blocks needed for this instruction are: i | sae cri eis foes a eter Sor ALS BISTRO HLS ecrpttoteetrg i, By [ve resto cna Pe usr LU asso ens aes 0 SLL Von4.2.3 The new contl signals are: ‘ ] Wovecda cote sgultat sore A wal od ove caval eo ALD ve resto cos a USPC. 7 | Woreedtoanngp re AU pater Gwe aR cA Ue ATL pT teal. 42a time i determi ait Intences happens to be to gst the data Yale forthe lead instruction: Mem (ead instruction), Regs (takes longer than Control), Max (select ALU input), ALU, Data Memory and Max (select value from memory to be witten inte [Reyer The lavency ofthis path is 400ps-+ 200ps + 30ps-+ 120ps + 350ps + 30p8=1130p5. 2 [axes doce: a nis sere onmectes sere 1 [089+ Op Fes eo et) 4.2.5 The speed-up comes fom changin dock gle time and chang othe number of dock eyes we need for the program: a [Sete i tourer nani dorksrocerernaicoce ine 1 | re ous 5 tor rest 9 pagan tc tne & 1250 vowed ofs150 so vehawe Seentpet W038) 4430230)" 097 WA TWare ac awa SN 4.2.6 ‘he cost abays the total costo all components (not just those on the stitial path, so the orignal processor has a cost of eMem, Regs, Contra, ALU, D.Mem, 2 Addl units and 3 Mux units, fora total cost of 1000 + 300 + 500+ 100+ 2000-+2 30+ 3% 10= 3850, We will ompute cost eative to this baseline. The performance relative 0 this baselines the speedup we computed in 4.25, and our cow/performance relative tothe baseline sas follows ‘a |s0+ 2020-200 [sceye= 01 |L0Y/1=10L ve re mnteatitre pecan premares. '» |smor senso aneyeeon ins |LovasT =108 wemenarasanenae crating cal sewn soo co! peters wre.Solution 4,3 at 1 [bon nas a PRE NT ST cau 4a2 + pa a pq ‘This so the Fenn it of cach word This shea: i pet Tee anes for de reninig en bis Note ht der a No Coe tins for Dad C fips inputs because dapat gr donot ety han indraction mary ten, craters sotto als ie na! 7S res Lp] oF This ithe shat fr the lovee bit neds be opal 7 mate ns forthe ening tas Rg isthe ead ger np EZ te Read gue 2 pet, WR he Wie east input Wat the Wie Duta int Dua and RDat? ae Real Data an Read Dat ct ‘Dts pets and ait ane" denote at isso at ote tiga1 [feomgstice ser psu nae pa TRS TOE 484 The taney ofa uth the ten fom an input (oa Docket opt) ‘Ba ouput or Dds inj. The tency ofthe creat hel ofthe ph wt he longest. Noe thre re ty core Graatinaz.ani fread sain where Wa diet slain os problem. the 435 The cos ofthe implementation is simply he wal tof its compo as Noe ta theta may cnet wns to desig the atin 32 a or ‘ah altion to 3.2 bre a dre sain fo tas probe. Sausnaaninosdmamigatearcuy = Am oe van erage aces ret ops ono amton restos Pe [SourSmattiture at wean ceca Ap ahve sine are cae Tura, ‘near a ore alta eae anys sens gee bn eouge Ztot gaan ay sour gum ve Sassen ay coctectcwnerrceras wremnoacen eT me “44. We show the implementation ar ao deteng the tency (i ates) A.B Secale tl aon,‘Re eS ORO ee HH 4as 5 [RETRO RET ae RTI see Oe ts a8 p= CL the cs of te sere cuits an tbe sings 4.446 Wealmady computed the an ofthe combined drt Nw we deen ace sero SRO wtfe not = osc 0 SS e cs Dos 001807 p= ee 454 = ES OUAOAO (Ee cyan xD * SOLA (ie pS) = 375 55 a a =| manor 1eR20 DERBI D0) ercersinann | Sxinxinese | Onvetmwadcor 76 © [RSS | BCBG | Case dee ‘Solution 4.6 448.8 vem takes longer than he Ad uni sothecock quetimeisequaltthe Ibtenc fhe Mem: =a [as 448.2 The cial ph for this insrction i tough the insrution memory, ‘Siprextend ae Shite (0 pt the fet, Ak unto compurte the new and ‘Maco selxt that ale nse of PC+ 4, Note that he path Ugh the other‘Addl nits shorter because the latency of -Mem longer thatthe hteney ofthe ‘dkluni. Wee 5 [ ees pn ae om 1 | eons 20 + 5 «00 = Be (48.3 Conlitons branches hve the same Ing atency pth tot computes the ‘ranchaddresas uncon ranches da. Atoll oy hae olen ath goes ough egses My and ALU oconpuethe Cain, “The cet paths the longs ofthe two, and the ph through PCS ong for these lntences i [i pe Sos 1 [ s+ Zaps as nS = LS 48a = [arrenetes tyes eae re PER OPEL 485 4.8.6 Of the two instruction (one and ac), be has a longer exit ph sot “determines the cock cele ine. Note tha every pth for 204 shorter of equal to ‘than the comesponding path for one so changes in unit atency will nat afc this, Asa res, we fouson how the unt’ latency aft the citical path of ne: = ERI Testa ah aoe OBES mmm rence ies ne aoya be tbeaes co ome Teme orev omen en teh oe ee {otro on roo re na re oy eee 25d eee Loe Tove 0 re ary ne Aas ut eo ee OS te on PRN 1 Tas ut ores ery ACD cea ne a Ta eer ‘Solution 4.7 4.7.4 Thelongestlatency path for ALU operations is through I-Mem, Regs Manx (select ALU operand) ALU, and Max (to skct value for register write). Note ‘thatthe only other path oF imterest isthe PC norerent path through Add (PC+4) and Mux, whih is much shorter So forthe Fem, Regs, Man ALL, Min path wwebive + Bp Se is ae Te p+ Zp AOS e+ 1 = 4:72 Thelongst-tency pth or |wis trough Mer Regs. Mix (Qo select ALU ‘npr, ALU,D-Dem, andl Mu (to seer what is write egies). The only other Jnerestng pasar the PC-ncrement pa (hich stmac shot) athe path through Se-eend unit in adress computation instead of through Registers lweres, gs has longer teny than Siren fr I-Mey Re A, ALL DM aid Max path we ee: | ass Sos tes Ss vats = SS 1 | ep Zp + aps +p oe os = 200 4:13 Theansweristhesomeasin4.72 bone the |ninstractionhasthe longest citi path. The lonst path for sis shorter by ne Mx akeny (no wit ‘egsier, and the gest ps or 203 One sorter by ane Dem ken, 4.7 The data memory isu by Iw and sw instrutons 9 the ansiveri = [RaoSotition 4.8 4.25 Thesigr-evtend circuits acwally computing result n very eye but is ‘axputis gored for 20 and not inaction. The input ofthe signee ite fil speed for adc (to proviethe imate ALU operand), 29 (to provide the PCrebtv oft) and Th and sw (o provide the eet wel in resin smemexy) sothe answer is 4.18 The chock ole ies ceerinolby dhe ctcal pt for he inaction ‘har has the Tongs rt pth This he inaction, a i ca path goes through Mer, Res Va, AUC, DMs and Mx Weave =] mangos ome ecw mio ney fon ars Ste pam ets ne: re susne wstyaNy Pe samere ne het SY Sees 1 | oes pe gt en sve cats ery Fon bas wD nae ‘Socote oy ore ouonaninssyroasry hoa gov ten Sysop 484. Totes fora stckat0 fat ona wie we ne an insruction hat puts that wine toa vale of andhasalileent eat the Yalu n theirs stuckat 2c ‘| Bef atte cin yao ju a oo paneer Fa ‘2areor ina voile boain OO swn Hew amwoiorne nate 1 | Reaarnencurs pas o7O 00 ton oom may tne Tomaneney \Neavor ars onaung sb renean ey arerave sao, NS, aioe, ‘rier ramet, eve st seman ue Pe aay sre [2 rownn n rmpsarom ss tot eeitassess on oape Ge ree Santennvon te 4.8.2 The test for stuckatze0 equines an instrucon thet asthe sia 1 1 fn the tet or teat reais easnot be both Oand inthe sme cyde, weeannot est he sare sna for etch a0 and stick for stceat-t Sanalogoastothestuck-at est an itruction thts the sgl to Base Tsing only one instruction, The ot = | heen RO SL a Duan hon Dol ame ZORELNLTS We kc shat ese dc an cn 8 Seer er ae eng sont pene wam oto suena ss one oe Stuea teas autdaavinr) Mowue cate be recs take ony iors efi ma nso omy rete 7] Repeater rea oe aba nya i poe wa eS anlpron tol okt r cue prance Uno 9 ere "Sic aac oon awh staat rt rear uh Sass os Ow ashen maar nr rst ge a Stet eta) aves eam he ess ae [Weert vrkaare ts pen inoue poets aisiuasma en sere ter | ‘makrimgin ccs fa revue Ls rac come 8 NO ‘Stegas so haycarel betel wove Mopars ot Bea.434 * Sao a hee eens Ervin shceums ones 7 Se c= ar caw pers ts oh ress (uk toarr nmap ore eu rs DA hate De Gt oC 485 = | Deamon GE amaie om ihera EIR eS. (petautveton saan on cs reso rma rr Ft epost ae Salter sc cen anthers Po enctonttaas Pe 1) este sores nnanutinetee ate ave me roe Lhe ‘cus ej rename fe aes nce Sogo ie ns ‘Setos inatee re purer poses rete 4.88 Fach singlensiactin est “cove” al fs tha if present ret in di feet behavior forth et instruction. To test fora many of tes falas pos ‘He in asngeirstreton, wend an instruction that sss many of these sgl teva ht weld be a Semen canoe eed ths segeintrcton mete becuse fk nope ol sl re ‘ompldy erect ction ofall intone ret a, ‘Solution 4.9 asa [Creme ~ oo = Chegtor4 soktions 493 Toa 1 | emer? anya ay partie ne exe abe 6 aoa = ae a * esi = Ma 49.5 We use 11 trough 126 to dente individual bits of Instructon|3126), ‘sbich sth input tothe Contre anit = [arora 1 [es = POTATO NOT GREE MOTE) ‘4.98 posits wey rome smn oll theo eae! fr ne siglo ‘np us compute tots at alone est = Ears Mires oreo xore9 ‘Rainer oor SEAN an one‘Solution 4.10 “To sohe problems in this exercise it helps to fist determine the latencies of di {erent paths inside the processor. Assuming ze latency forthe Control unit, the titcal path isthe path to get the data fora load instruction, so we have I-Miem, ‘Mus Regs, Mas, ALU’ DeMem and Maxon this path 4.20.4. The Control unit can begin generating MemWrite ony affer Mem is. reac It must finish generating this sul before the end of the clock cycle. Note that Mem it is actually a writeable signal for D-Mem flipflops, and the actual rite is triggered by the edge ofthe dock signal, so MemWrite need not Lcngtrasontons are before that tne, So the Cane nit mas generate the Mente in one ‘lock cj minas the Mam acs te: | eer prs Se ayes St eS Bs oe = zap eee {bots be the 2 440.2 All cond signals start tobe erated after -Men ead iscompete. The ‘most slack snl ca have ual the end of heey and Met and Rage ‘ite are bh med cya thee of the cys 0 they have the mnt ck The tine to gneate both sal without increasing the crcl path the one somputedin 4101. 4.10.3 Memtite and Reg\ite ae only raed by the end of the ce, ‘RegDst Jump, and Memuofeg are neal one Mux tency before the endo the cyelea0 they are mere tical than MaaWte and Regt, Branch i nese ‘wo Mu latencies before the end ofthe ee soi is moc cial than thes ‘MemRead i neoded ane D-Mem plus one Max latency before the end of the ‘Qe, and DeMem has move aeney than a Mu, so Memfead is more rial than Branch, ALUOp must get © ALU control in tine to allow ne ALU Ce, fe ALU; one D-Mer, and one Mas latency before the end of the cil. This Clearly more erica dan Memead. Finally ALUSec mae get vo the pre-ALU ‘Mut in time, one Mia one ALU oe D-Memy ann oe Mux latercy before the ‘edo the ove Again, isis erica han MemRea, Between ALUOp and ALUSre, ALUOp is more critical than ALUSre i ALU contol has more latency ‘than a Max. If LUO isthe most etait mst be generated ane ALL Ce latency before dhe ritcal-path signals can go through Mux Regs and Mix IF the ALUSr signal isthe mos criti it mstbe generated whale the critica ath pes through Mux and Reps We ane = ube ps 30) * "AUB tp 55) Tr the next thce problems it helps to compute fr each sgl how much ine ‘wehave to generate before it starts feting the crt path Weald dhs for RepD and Retin 4.10.1 ain L103 we described how do it forthe emai contol sna. Weave4.10.4 With his in min, the clock gc ime is what we computed in 4.10.1, the absolute ost negate slack. We ne: Fee =) tes = i [Eee a 421065 Itonly makes sense to pay to speed-up signals with negative slack because improvements to signals with postive slack cost us without improving perfor ‘mance. Furthermore, foreach signal with negative slack, we need to spee it up ‘only until we elminite alts negative slack, 0 we have: i | erry ‘tera wit atv sack eres = ManPas 20) cost 5 Regie 2055) & ‘ALLO ES) ipa aoe AUS tes sus hapor 4 Setaons 4.408 The sign withthe most opted ctrmins the a cack ie Te now cee ecco sel eS ‘te remsnignpae ck: To minnow he dw down saath ex! up having some (postive) lack. Overall the cost i minimized by sowing signals down by: SSS ee a ee we [eps [ape [ass [aes Ts aees [aos | eo ‘Solution 4.11 aaa Sree PT elssans a a = a Eeresdemmie Tle Eeanan [Soran Enseitese [omscurences eracteermmgoee Feeetwen aaa NT a eee ee onan a ana Towne Pes aanab4 Peres crc 5 = = o = = an23 Pe saswen | nvenacceeme | 5 ‘r ae = F om aaa a8hacer Soktons 4328 = “4.42.6 We say computed dock aye times for pipelind and singe ode ‘rpinizatons in 4.12 an the mul-cjde organization has the sae dock Que time asthe pipelined organization. We will pe ection times relative tthe etn pete In tr ry rion es co Oo) ek ‘ele. append, long-running Frog with no pipe stalls completes one istration in every ck. Finally 3 mulkicyde orgnzation completes 2 Tw i ‘que aw in feces (no WB), an ALU instruction in eyes (00 MEM). anda Betind les (no WE). Sowehae thespa-up of pling | __ Ons x5 0am ean 5 Solution 4.13 aaa =i mE, Fonsi wo TB ations? Fvensoton 2 sie Hi Sento fonensemon ie dana Ba: ou He tec) Ween St tanta 1 Sa s5.86 ton ons en 8 ABE In te bs Five-stage pete WAR and WAW dependences do not ase ay uvards Without any RAW dependence between an struction fand the nes two instructions if rept ead happens in the second hal of the ‘lock cleand the ester write happens inthe ist hal). The code tht mina these havardshy isertingnopinaructions yo ewer he 4.43.3 Wit fal frwanng an ALU insracion can forward a vaie to EX stage ff he nex ingructionwihout a zara Hower oad ernot fore 0 the Exstageef heen tration by canto dentin er tht) Tce Ut clini thse azasby merino inseucionsie “Sues eee a Sex-wan ih escermametrgtonn443.4 The wal eccton tines dock guletine nes tbe mune of ees Withoutarysallsadee-insractin sequence exxuesin7 oles (Sto comple {he fintinsiraction tn one esac), The ewcuton mito orang ‘mus ada sal for evry 0) we han, and extn warding st add $l foreery rep we hada 4133, Oval eg [cracame-0pe | Teaihe=ditne | Ashe eaN sac 1 [race =a [cate 2m | as her 443.5 Wh ALL-AIU-only orvaring an ALU instruction can fra othe ‘at iat, but not to he cme ination (bea tat wou rom MEM to EX). aad ena far athe # dering ‘the dive in MEM stag whens too ter ALU-ALU farang Weare: coe rtp AA ova mates = cnture AL aang Sem perry 1 [a vaivates= unm | 7+ 232% i002» | O51 seme Son ‘Solution 4.14 saree eee hee: siete deat mein ae eee Tenner eaeae S| URES eg mee ‘Wecan nota 95 tothe code eliminate thishazard—nops neato betcha just ik ay ter instr this haa ust beaded with ahardnae Iswaltechon un inthe pccevce(4142 This change ony snes one gc in an etre ection witha data Fnvand (sich s dhe one gen. Tiscyce sed bese tekst traction i ‘Shes ancy ea (one stage to othr) ere ere da zac oh Jens to ther insrocton, the change woul ap cite ome stall ees. (4243 Sual-cr-branch dys the fetch of the net instruction un the bandh ‘Srewcuted, When branches exten the EXE stags each branch cases 90 sal ‘Gel When brakes exe the ID sage each ranch ony cause ne sal, ‘Gude Watoutranch stale ith pect branch prediction thereae nota the xmas pas he nur of ect insrctons Weve 3 LEA fseavanarw] srarbaa]| Osha 4.44 ‘The munber of cs forthe (normal) Sage and the (combined EX MED 4-sagepptine already comps in 4.12. The dock eee ine sea (othe ey ofthe gstatency sae. Combing EX and MEM sags ics eck tine oni the combined EME sage bere the angst tensa er — 44s fa[ se | aes | oeeson) [enone | aoesmve-am -000 (= [ass [seas [2x00 | zene [a zaps 20/330] 4.846 The oeline esis unchanged 2 rhs in EXTatenyhas:no ‘lt er clad oye ume because Xf tthe lenges recy se The changedocs exaion tne boca iad one ait sal ye 0 ech ranch. Bcase the dock ce tine does not imeroe bt the nub of odes nce ‘hesped-ap om thischage willbe blow | (ase). 1143 we area computed the number of joes when branch bin EX ag. Weve fa aravsxzas0 [soxsmpenins | araracaess 08 Bl] aisetezen | inzayeeamns | aveneser2 co ‘Solution 4.15 pore ‘Tourn ea sage rut ents ao wt mane ‘onsen woes ool en ame een A Seance * [soca nee ae naa ate ‘roars rears oee aus fps eat ean caren gaat ‘eal agns rere aaa east ein ‘urn ww rou wane tnvabe nevus reer Sore 4252 "| SSorsuas te ome Secr apo ces a rave wom ‘Sitiomeb omer. 4253 “| tenemos. Fas tgs er Wa mse sor enor os Sqmieese UOvetene ouaurghen tuntse eb naac oe Sore Eesetet is pete ceeaon assa Saas Ta Bean aa TODO NTE Sr ig. Monieunl wipe Bam are vee Sean! San Gores vows 48.5 Theinsucion can brash no sinpie MIPS. mic- Uns ‘rita, X welane a rep (esta of Band Ian sil caine ought peta oly(4272 When Dis indhe MEN sts gan ception concn dat rus {ngumeting and intro) (and rae aleay nop: by thane et (es elec Htc the Set trac the ection her he Saxe ged by 427-3 The BDC is the PC + ofthe delay dot nario, As deere in ‘Sect 4 the eatin ander strats rm the EP 0 pets the aes ‘ftheingraction hr generat teen (Ds tied sx nsction the ‘eke Hale dches resume ecu the apg lun 0 ‘he artsy hisses te program fcentinue sf branch ‘akin son Roe 4204 The prssor cin the se ntacion al thr inaction om ‘Beta iran expeon han) fc afer a gis She ngincrocotso ia ess et re ey et denevenqtions heEPC deisucton adres ne ined intron" Ind ostaing ie ENG vl tit ssl ce adler tng, the pregean) the tad es baner rept pce a ty ‘wcomtax tc program the nabl irate hander wl eet He Sey manag epithe pce ad as wo contin he prog e FrCit naar (tas rite cud bese) Thies y ‘upton funders mat be ween cuculy aoa geri ects a ‘Sheva i ey hae ly lt £42758 Wo fr str nsretions If week forthe aes nto io MEM, ‘Testes bea iting tao onary at ee ade a 9 ge “Garey we era nr nil heyy ally changad ty the sae facto athe hand an nt ob th at Fhe ‘nadine ht extadbee there 4278 we mt ak wo npr the ALU real © WADDR, and usher ht conyers nett aps the ‘Save Eom Reb alte henry al erin a thatrgena Mapa pn. ede fork ncaa ‘compart ure MEM stag beca at ht tine stove done ‘ee sp theapleaon tthe Pint bee the ar haps Sowtion 4.28 ta= "RERES << RE REN << ER/TE BTRRETERMRERE Some oe =‘Solution 4.29 4.20. Now ttl egser rod ors areacineineyey gc ser eae (Gistvaia wih 2reascac happen sneer ce Nedemnie De uber ‘focesitakes w qzanean teraanol help numer of use eas, Then thet, The nunber of wel epter reads or anasto the ‘umber of uc vps parce nur fhe utr of esr = ‘vada from ror intratons Weare ht rege reshape inthe ist Taf tel snd the einer readupen nae scone S88 ae " 3858 drew“le ebe |PE. se Heoe ee sBes BSSS eS Siw sm =], See = Bie. [BERS Bene neoBee 223 Pogo ies CREWS igo FSB fe iS ies fend 123, asa yr eee [meer tea Eeebteceeiaregnrncoa Se /Fseet 2 idea 5 ata 2 Lona ambaee dos el nae Bee 3 ‘4.218 Ona pti proces nme ofertas Bac! by aldng ogee te maner ef anscaon od he manber ‘Fyeony sath occur when nrc awed ary wha RAN den intone ane [rasan 2 a ‘Solution 4.20 4.304 Let pte the potty of ang mispreicelbmch Whence we ‘ea incr peed occas the ico the tw dros de he polity ths oat spe vaste one sue sx (hala oe) a ances fen oes eft insrocion nae ota Cog buttesecond one's epee fi (1~p) «py newase wo es ha these mires we nal! bea to Cmte 2 Pmt per ove Ne we 4.90.2 Into pric branch ets in these pally aa ispeticad {ch We compte tn OM le in 430, bt Us ine we bo anes eee ely if we ea correc predic! traci the fst det ar note branch tt woud be coret Profi inthe snd be Weave 4.90.3 vohuveaone qe pity whoever vehneacsdewithoinsrutos ‘hat box nea reste we. Suh ingots ae ALU and stn ‘Noe hat 3 des ot wt reper otal ei ies nd eto ‘rach mst ar ndependet eves Ve ha: 4.3044 Weve aay compute the CA wth he pte Bench prdicin ‘Sey. and we knw tha the CDT ih ie bach aii 4.30.5 The CH wits pert bach precio is pw 025 (ur insrtion Frey). A branch migoedtion nthe ist ue sk fale ss 275 Fey ces (emai lene dein the une ce ps2 eke Gul) ae Ist our ak penalty des Wein: secu sue doe 2.5 penal inthe tilt 225 peaty ain the fa [ea sac2275~ 05010021250 052%225- 050x002 6086 fe [eas vara rss napnonen28-aaPunaexaan 0807. 0n0x2= Oma Eviisucvemus?perouein se megane 1s | 0-000 98058 08 960313008 xO ‘Thespea-p fm npr banc priton much rer ina ser un ina su proceso gar reser Wat ue are Fer cj ere rum inyrone bach pico becuse ex Lan se than mune sine eaten pos 420 pega rumor Deore totem asa dors deta tno ta tlow ie beskh ie sue pree sae Te [sce nH OCR OS CAE KORDA ‘Wie seve huge spet-ups hen ranch prin i peed in a proces peer ger hd bent more ser ie pond rma deh belies erearaarcais worth of femactonsina Sage pip) oncach miprebtion‘Solution 4.22 4.BL4 The names of sis oped 0 he punber of isstins (one seus ecm per Ol) ts one aba oe for ec dia aed iis geum ene rn ny aloe! by + et strc We ® [esaraase 4.512 ‘The mente of ous is oqud w dhe munber of isucins (one ‘vu s Secu per Qed) ps he sll es doe wo dat faa Dts Faas oxcur wen the memory alesis by he insrcton dens on the st prevusinructon (EXE toARD,2 lcs) or tension er tha sallogleer wien anscucion wrestle o mnory an net he sto inirotns esa vale fo he snakes 3 Ital cis) (er dia deers on tn rring oad oa Web ae oa Tee ‘432.3 The umber pszvcios be ht rm the nde tbe ‘Deofecs er ean tu he MPSeake (veda stucions bu ser mucins dene we en up eaxaatag th MIPS wena elenp = A214 Dynamic shag allows ws 10 exete an ineyadet “fore” itr wn tc ne sould be esting all Wels eae” Gataneck | reat a) Tamme wwe 4.35 West thot ss mums for new resus nou nang, Welave: sat wae4216 Nec tha ow cvy te we exe an rstrtinitcan be reed Sane Pen Ea Bie Homey Saeene Wet ‘Solution 4.32 4324, the ext munber of migrations pe ingration he pababity thataghen insructon fasonch tis mispedicta The nur of nara ‘dns bewee migrodcoos sone vided byte aber of mapas per hanes = reo 2 1 = oa KL 058) 00 t (4322 the minber of isprgess nsnactons coal to the pipsine deh Stein tenairainpmgertnnscnthsteath sr tl case ny ht prea of al instore brahes Wee = ‘432.3 Woko itching om he rng path unite sarch oasis, (Eating ntti ered bane acre sunning No te pling alnsracins are fom the rong pth in N= sages nthe Nas $linaresicas ater thetandharefre aon ol Acuting et heteaneh Soca ele > cit Raai wee bnags insrtons he renga he Nh gape sans Thteanchb 29,1 b bench? andow ranch bk Wehne 4324 Wecan compare he CP fr each prs then compute ‘Seepue te CFL wc tow hte ne arene fe a oF snares betwen each migration br 432.) and he numb fm ‘ich aeons eran mpecton fe 4333) nde kao a Sts nal ae feted pr ule (rom that wean dere henba of oc tee ranch msetions an hen the CPL ces pe ‘Sellar. Whe ———— Dense [gape [Hearse | 4325 Whenkerche weenie onecce exert nanelen ended ‘wemate inst betwen two blanch mipedrtions We be a 790-008 mae0=048 108 STD sos Spr fom hs np a sue pra tn wth the bie prcsees, isis ecu the ise proswor reds fever oes {Sect pe ah f rsuuao so besape roe ea EP ‘Sisal: nate inprorement (penis) ‘Solution 4.33 433: We med wo mgr ele exh insti isa ere 4.382 We empath ineperinrction CPL ims he dock gle ine Fer -soe sue poser welsea cP anda decked neat For ln ase Kgs prseor wef CPL of UN al a ck ee of 1 Se Over eget aspect EE 4.38.3 Wearcunle ober hema wide sue widh (CHS so wel ee eee Be sani eacaianmememunaanpe Siete cea teense Schaum perenne aes Siiethrecnmactanacarysaentee SA ae sanatiechnanrieteacneeans Stiviaieercolenape moter acani pneu neem wetonaiaiee Susteren Resta eee Eeicekersageenne mmece fie toboceeaokelecryae Saying gue comcnomrcdate fa [ wos. =667 4 [ esr sesnnaee(4.335 Wee alendy compel the mnie floes de arash mis Prelcion apd we kno hn caput he meber oat ges tte speci (0 whee the msec Pacha ance). WelaNe 4386 Thispmileminver sir o Wea aay np the numb of stiles toabran msl ae we br hw ocope ea irol nna seeks evecare (ie othe mae a anc). Webi cst hate sing tobi anys ds Tamenonstll dss Wes “Thenewed acca 1M isthe allowe igen ae ‘Solution 4.34 43441 We pedantF ptine supe Sch theirs. Sine We wi ey ‘Seog ia of uo ve nx a Urn bl Sled el re foal ad an D piel age ang ST weal te masa At ht we hate an EXE age bat as se sl [eta ne knw cot wach oration dani becca the Besieran lL at appr fern operations Ak vensedno Mase Ti pS sc ne peso enc ens cat a wehave {ica worne 100 ep aru we a han sew Her Moeromemtiys ove weareTecte a acn Tecoma Te mele womens. "| Regatacnc te ain aypetowtar ve Gua ference Oe (Siig ern rer ow Ye ngs ate er Ss hans atcorae eee ese ‘eae Wieourtusunahut ocala ans PSG fue nonusers em renc ‘aarti sre Senne 7 [orn rte i beamed Dacch nae [Eititinsdre mane ne toconer anertesenune bec more Me agua li cult o Seas Fos 4246 Wience oademe ding ge or ID sap Te deni than dnp ick wither degen ant Hl the ns ane) itch thsinsroicthae oma ne ms put ales fhe thin arin the Chis alsa MA bet the PC) a a ve Tops) he ui nsrton (we ens to dh VEX pipe eat) and the blowing area hha aly ben cel (whe eso ID Pelee asta [RetwatatneRtMeoe eetoneue ana eune Aipe sat See eeresmmen Te ibposstiettex sweirae ‘Rv Sou ou nwt Amman gum Curate en A (hatanrs te osate micotesreyvemstou esas. {rattan ccogse is nana Sine SO ADR| Roaie anwar yy anion me Moorea aaa aan, Fe Secs err CIA seein en DRO ‘ehehits rarer teint eee Sone ena Sr ‘emma tune te tens secre Crtosakay onions er ‘4,948 The ded pic st now check the instruction matches eof | thetwoinsracions Ate Ut he eepeemhnug sthesane sor. 4.36. Thewonscasforonmnhaandsthemiproinatbanch santo [Bihckst one ins ue anf we a bch etching he msn mb | instuaios neato Tieniheantrdaandalfetsteremarglsrutins ine anew ppetine sage an allen ines tes eae (rach aon sage Wola (4.95.2 tranches are ecu stage X the nb fall ks dw 8 ‘spabosan (8-1). Tse sys are ol! yi vis i ok Intatons Wecenput tener fection ort ete ie [ons andthe esl 4.38. For oftrandes ead near incon for 3% thelrans ‘yea to ea suction an for 40% of Brahe we al hie ea {aration Overaan overage branch ndrton we sci A (Gan 2 040 32 sro. Ne thatthe ops ae ae er every Tranchtampmscl one Tse inaction ad to the on time of the progam, so eave © Ses Tamron | AST SA OO aaaEM: eee, Be a Ati {4354 The maim maberof night introns is oq t the pipeline ‘Ephvines the te nhs Weta ote tutan erating wen enone ofitsinsrctons inh Tis Say glee arene cng ements Meee nlon analy ng) Slo ‘Solution 4.36 44382 ThetD sty oshepptne weld ame sop ean amo er i optical be Ed cin ude xo Irlup aie rosy woul hn be dt he [DME ie rash uiegusngis ees pecreat anita rie Tecan inet ek need eet pach bein rechten rerun noe IMEX gine nec allow de PAD mec ey extinct, Nn tr ods ces op ome pp fern eng west a 4383 ee eee ScuirantesOse 4.964 Nox on eno ost he ngs we need o make to the piping, ‘Nite thatthe change sew downal hi ther insractinns wae pecing ‘rately ml ton the cuctton we dwg dawn certains 4.965 Fach ovgil accn instruction raw wuts in excuting 09 more ittrctions al ao asa sil eth 260 depen the Ie Asa eiexh ocein which we eet an tothecscuten Wehr! 1 [ir oa0 307 instr nea tre mere oS (4.36.6 Each vandal asthe 3 all ces be now ofthe xing ‘Stared Wee s fra o0m a ocmr-onn ‘Solution 4.37 4374. Allofthe ists tse the inaction menor he PC+ ae the ome do rao anthe ate kt et, ena cosets etanconn tse rere "Noe tat the bran ade eros is operation in very cbt its eats tly wl owen and ae. {4372 The read por clus by I aed he wie port by introns Sete fe anata saat (452.3 the WD pipeline regs, we aed 32 is forthe instuction word {Balbir Pt tor aloft ts te IYER ogee we ms 32 is faeach ofthe ta eter vel teste femme als rd PGs Gorexxp handing We a need itso eaho hehe eer fds rom te nructon word (As and 10 forall he contol ‘Spas output bythe Contd unt The ttl or the VEX eter i 153 Inahe EEN ete nl 32 seach the ae freer ard ‘he ALU ra Weare is forthe mae oh sins rite a {Titov ccd sg The nl forthe EUMEM ng 7 aly ‘he MEM rer we nea 32 Dis ach fx the ALU rel vale ‘Remy 3s rth manbr ofthe dott regi and 2 bts for sna SEA eal Tian lar Siotbis 44.374 Inthe IF eather pth ithe Eve nen Inte ID sap, ‘hecrtal path the ten Inte EXE sage ives Mean then ADE Bec. nthe MEM sage eve the D-Man te i he soppy ne so cane a0) Fora hokeyc tie the sumo top lente or sl ttt) Fora fp aio the ck pce te isthelonges of he persage nec, To compar hoe dock ole ae We Compute e spend bs on ck eck te ne (asa the met ot diclgee Steetnalocc an poe doin at we ote that thir insgticasyloverthan 5 wich ithe ape Sg pang (4.378 te ny wpe 2 iris ed tel be MUX ine WD ‘Sore donee nel he ne MEN ss We sl Bn Ms eee he A earl Ve ne ‘oe that hea” pep api oe dhe MEM, Sugshanltiacdjeap seat bal 46.316 Forte singe oe dso we can oe theca cc inet Isr See egrets nie aoe iringraccionieenekon eke[oar ainn= as] eae Noe tat the an impinge pipes dm Uy 206 some. This i [xc sco ode tne abet, a APG pone ECS ‘ver ened er es Or rb) ‘Souttion 4.38 4.3844 The oe fr ihe css is be sane Mam ad 0 ees (meraandarepser byte Wehr: | tal (4.98.2 The nention menor steal alliminacons Ber intrusinao ‘sn two mse reac (even fn one of tse ales fay wa. ‘Aloinscuction wits ina meson ealanda rer tea gee nso ‘ous ina manor wt, an all er sets wet ther bo ete ‘recs tauren Beant my a ae ‘ert aur ge an marry we ay the worse nha ‘ead insti. Fur then get a oad wee a (490.3 tetris sone mut be ed every mtrction, Hee, we ‘an aid vkng rcs schon es ae ot ong htc do thi we ‘st add Regie and gic? cota mp oe gs un enor sale each reser rel emus pee toe cont seals acy oad lengli the cock eta With thes nor ert sna vation ‘alsin nly oe restr rel stl mst ead We iter sed pete oe lm ohne ts [ste 2m n= 7 7 a (4.384 Frese chan he Conte nit dese astron ie este ‘ade happen Afi the hangs he Ltn of Cote ad Reger esd vot be reaps Ti nes he are ofthe ID stage and ca alt tie process cack le tine the ID sage becomes the geen so Nehave =] Saami ag ‘Bae GFF SH sone nvensnes | rooee ame xe ao 4385 iF onnory sed in eer gy the ve ihr nce (raed SSetn| er # es ot tf he WS x or ad arto at ‘ites are rites or wenen any este lees ‘Beluga. Tis chang dstotai dk lene bes heck ‘iene ey aw anh tne or meray to ea the MEM sage ths ats nega meer ead aur every ee ned only nes ‘shen ints sine MEM spe, ced [menace | seen | centres te | Teettnentee | te eer =| amu ans = “om os a cy ome Spams | azo Sistas ‘Solution 4,39 4.30.4 Theme ofinsrnctins etd per send sega themes of inatrationsexeoted per ele (PC his UCP) nesthenumer fest ‘sand Goekropeno ch suber Tse dock eine The PC he escent of ule in wich we complet an instruction a net asta al he ode tine ti tena the maimaedey pene sa: Wehae: Pe cackeyaeten | Gecktemeey | tancteeepm eons] =] cm [oe aaa ae [ar | ae cor sae4.39.2 Fonerisequothe product feng per oeletimesthe chk eemy (Gp mend Th ene per je ie odo teeny exents allie sg Wee: (4.39.3 Tete hates in ie dock dealer act canes work ‘Sten call sek We denne thelck tea he he ack fre ppsinest| =] om | we | am | om | os | om fe [meas [as a |e (4.3044 Alls oe tenis eq te ceckyc tine For each stp ‘yea compute ie lao X ort by dling te bew ley (dod eee) dhe orga ey We hen comput te new Perec egy CoA ee vag sce yo ry econ pore di CS ie] a2 | ano | cove | am | ayo | eat 4205 Tinton dxherktinet hea bh date fas X foreach sage athe ck een: Aer thar hispblen seed theamesay mallee nh buenas opal whe deck, Forex ‘zag acme the faa Xe by ving the ne ey ock OW tine by heorgnal Inner We then compute henew ee ery ans ‘ion ch tage by dling sce by toe X Hal -ne rect ome spats We ge re [ sae | som | wasn | wom | soa | os ie moan | aan | zoe | case | ays [nae 4.996 the ficter fer eh tag isthe sume asin ths hangs he dk ee ‘ie othe rina whch changes the factor Xf ech stg ar the ok ‘Rogen Afr at hs pon sae inte ey sal sages aw ae [recs ul wo the cok etme Te a sas we can compute te Bctor iri by ding the new btn ek eine) by he org ten Ne ‘hecomute here perce ney censecion rex tage dng its ‘enya Xn, we resort tbe over dsp We pts bul {ftincinaur power mpi dd epoca ol a XTumadofe Vem