Sonatest VEO 16:64 - User Guide: Version 1.2.2010-10-21

Sonatest VEO 16:64 - User Guide
v3.1.3X
Copyright 2010 Sonatest Limited

Version 1.2.2010-10-21
Table of Contents
9
Part I Introduction
10
Part II Disclaimers and Notices
1 Copyright
................................................................................................................................... 10
2 Warranty
................................................................................................................................... 10
3 Equipment
...................................................................................................................................
Directive Conformance
11
4 Risks
...................................................................................................................................
and Hazards
11
5 Operator
...................................................................................................................................
Requirements
12
6 Operating
...................................................................................................................................
Conditions
12
13
Part III Instrument and Accessories
1 Hardware
...................................................................................................................................
Overview
13
2 UT...................................................................................................................................
Connectors
14
3 PC...................................................................................................................................
Connectors
15
4 Keypad
................................................................................................................................... 16
5 Click
...................................................................................................................................
Wheel
18
6 Power
................................................................................................................................... 19
7 Accessories
................................................................................................................................... 20
Part IV Connecting Probes and Powering Up
21
Part V User Interface
22
1 Elements
...................................................................................................................................
of the Graphical Interface
22
2 Navigating
................................................................................................................................... 25
3 Manipulating
...................................................................................................................................
Cursors (Cartesian Cursor, Angular Cursor, Gate, Box, Extractor)
26
4 Selecting
...................................................................................................................................
Views and Layouts
26
5 Color
...................................................................................................................................
Palettes
28
6 Ruler
...................................................................................................................................
and Axis Color Map
29
30
Part VI Ultrasound Techniques
1 Scan
...................................................................................................................................
Types
30
Sectorial Scan
......................................................................................................................................................... 30
Linear Scan
......................................................................................................................................................... 30
Mono Scan
.........................................................................................................................................................
(Conventional UT)
30
TOFD Scan......................................................................................................................................................... 30
2 View
...................................................................................................................................
definitions
30
A-Scan
S-Scan
......................................................................................................................................................... 30
......................................................................................................................................................... 31
Copyright 2010 Sonatest Limited - 1.2.2010-10-21
Contents
L-Scan
......................................................................................................................................................... 32
B/D-Scan ......................................................................................................................................................... 32
Projected .........................................................................................................................................................
View s
33
TOFD View......................................................................................................................................................... 33
Part VII Setup and Operation Workflow
35
1 Loading
...................................................................................................................................
and Saving
35
2 Defining
...................................................................................................................................
Inspection Items
37
3 Loading
...................................................................................................................................
the Probe(s)
37
4 Loading
...................................................................................................................................
the Wedge(s)
39
5 Defining
...................................................................................................................................
the Part Being Inspected
40
6 Positioning
...................................................................................................................................
the Probe on the Part
42
7 Setting
...................................................................................................................................
Up the Encoder
43
8 Starting
...................................................................................................................................
data acquisition
45
9 Adjusting
...................................................................................................................................
Gain and Reference Gain
46
10 Adjusting
...................................................................................................................................
the Focus
47
11 Adding
...................................................................................................................................
or Deleting Cursors
48
12 Making
...................................................................................................................................
Measurements with Gates
49
13 Moving
...................................................................................................................................
the A-Scan Extractor
50
14 Moving
...................................................................................................................................
the Extraction Box
51
15 Customizing
...................................................................................................................................
the Measurements Bar
51
16 Taking
...................................................................................................................................
Screenshots and Creating Reports
53
17 Setting
...................................................................................................................................
up Encoded or Time Based Scan
54
18 Managing
...................................................................................................................................
Files
55
Using the .........................................................................................................................................................
Media Brow ser
55
Part VIII Defining Scan Plan Geometry

(Cartesian/Axis Reference System)
59
1 Wedge
...................................................................................................................................
References
60
2 Group
...................................................................................................................................
Reference
60
3 Part
...................................................................................................................................
Datum
61
Part IX Calibration Wizards
62
1 Available
...................................................................................................................................
Calibrations
62
2 Element
...................................................................................................................................
Activation Wizard
64
3 Velocity
...................................................................................................................................
and Zero Wizard
66
4 Wedge
...................................................................................................................................
Delay Wizard
69
5 Sensitivity/ACG
...................................................................................................................................
Wizard
72
6 TCG/DAC/DGS
...................................................................................................................................
Wizard
76
7 Encoder
...................................................................................................................................
Wizard
86
8 Distance-Amplitude
...................................................................................................................................
Curves (DAC)
87
88
Part X Creating Defect Reports
1 Creating
...................................................................................................................................
and Customizing Reports
88
Part XI Data File Analysis
92
Part XII Menus
94
1 Inspection
...................................................................................................................................
Menu
94
Probe Qty......................................................................................................................................................... 94
Scan Qty ......................................................................................................................................................... 94
Select Layout
......................................................................................................................................................... 94
Select Measures
......................................................................................................................................................... 95
Report
......................................................................................................................................................... 96
Report Options
.................................................................................................................................................. 97
Produce Report
........................................................................................................................................... 97
Report Type
........................................................................................................................................... 97
Cursors Info
........................................................................................................................................... 97
Inspection Info
........................................................................................................................................... 98
Probe Info ........................................................................................................................................... 98
Wedge Info........................................................................................................................................... 98
Scan Info ........................................................................................................................................... 98
Encoder Info
........................................................................................................................................... 98
DAC Info ........................................................................................................................................... 98
Voltage PA
.........................................................................................................................................................
Mono
98
Acquisition
.........................................................................................................................................................
Frequency
98
Max Fram e.........................................................................................................................................................
Rate
99
Alarm
......................................................................................................................................................... 99
Lock Setup
......................................................................................................................................................... 99
Short Menu
......................................................................................................................................................... 99
Inspection.........................................................................................................................................................
Identifiers
99
2 Probe
...................................................................................................................................
Menu
100
Load Probe
......................................................................................................................................................... 100
Probe Type
......................................................................................................................................................... 100
Probe Identifiers
......................................................................................................................................................... 100
Frequency
......................................................................................................................................................... 101
Pulse Width
......................................................................................................................................................... 101
Connected
.........................................................................................................................................................
to (Mono only)
101
First Elem
.........................................................................................................................................................
ent Pin # (PA only)
103
Nb Elm t Dim
.........................................................................................................................................................
1 Dim 2 (PA only)
106
Elm t Size.........................................................................................................................................................
Dim 1 Dim 2
106
Elm t Offset
.........................................................................................................................................................
Dim 1 Dim 2
107
Elm t Pitch
.........................................................................................................................................................
Dim 1 Dim 2 (PA only)
108
Elem ent Layout
.........................................................................................................................................................
(PA only)
109
Save Probe
......................................................................................................................................................... 113
3 Wedge
...................................................................................................................................
Menu
113
Load Wedge
......................................................................................................................................................... 113
Wedge Type
......................................................................................................................................................... 113
Wedge Identifiers
......................................................................................................................................................... 113
Contact Surface
......................................................................................................................................................... 114
Diam eter......................................................................................................................................................... 115
Back Height,
.........................................................................................................................................................
Front Height, Height
115
Width, Length
......................................................................................................................................................... 117
Contents
Cut Angle......................................................................................................................................................... 118

Roof Angle
......................................................................................................................................................... 118
Probe Back
.........................................................................................................................................................
Distance, Side Distance
119
Probe Inset
......................................................................................................................................................... 119
Velocity LW
......................................................................................................................................................... 120
Save Wedge
......................................................................................................................................................... 120
4 Part
...................................................................................................................................
Menu
120
Material ......................................................................................................................................................... 120
Part Identifiers
......................................................................................................................................................... 121
Thickness
......................................................................................................................................................... 121
Velocity LW
.........................................................................................................................................................
SW
121
Cal Block.........................................................................................................................................................
Type
122
Cal Block.........................................................................................................................................................
Serial
125
Weld Type
......................................................................................................................................................... 125
Weld Root
.........................................................................................................................................................
Gap
127
Weld Bevel
.........................................................................................................................................................
Width
127
Weld Root
.........................................................................................................................................................
Face Left, Right
128
Weld Widths
......................................................................................................................................................... 128
Weld Angles
......................................................................................................................................................... 129
Weld Heights
......................................................................................................................................................... 129
5 Scan
...................................................................................................................................
Menu
129
Scan Type
......................................................................................................................................................... 130
Gain
......................................................................................................................................................... 130
Focalisation
......................................................................................................................................................... 131
Focal Distance
......................................................................................................................................................... 132
Resolution
......................................................................................................................................................... 133
Start, Stop
.........................................................................................................................................................
Angle (S-Scan)
133
Angle (L-Scan)
......................................................................................................................................................... 133
Num ber of
.........................................................................................................................................................
Active Elem ents (L-Scan)
134
Start, Range,
.........................................................................................................................................................
Stop Path
134
Delay Offset
......................................................................................................................................................... 134
Lateral Wave
.........................................................................................................................................................
Offset (TOFD)
134
Backw all.........................................................................................................................................................
Offset (TOFD)
134
Wave Mode
......................................................................................................................................................... 135
Travel Mode
......................................................................................................................................................... 135
PRF
......................................................................................................................................................... 135
Sub-Sam.........................................................................................................................................................
pling
136
Sm oothing
......................................................................................................................................................... 136
Averaging
.........................................................................................................................................................
(Mono)
136
Filter
......................................................................................................................................................... 137
Signal Rectification
......................................................................................................................................................... 137
IFT Active......................................................................................................................................................... 137
IFT Gate Start
......................................................................................................................................................... 137
IFT Gate Range
......................................................................................................................................................... 138
IFT Gate Threshold
......................................................................................................................................................... 138
Probe TX,.........................................................................................................................................................
Probe RX
138
First, Last
.........................................................................................................................................................
Elm t TX/RX
138
Double Resolution
......................................................................................................................................................... 138
Probe Center
.........................................................................................................................................................
Spacing (TOFD)
139
Beam s Qty
......................................................................................................................................................... 139
Sam ples .........................................................................................................................................................
Qty
139
Path Resolution
......................................................................................................................................................... 139
Equivalent
.........................................................................................................................................................
Reflector Size
140

6 Geometry
................................................................................................................................... 140
Probe Scan/Index
.........................................................................................................................................................
Offset
140
Probe Rotation
......................................................................................................................................................... 141
Enc Area.........................................................................................................................................................
CL Position
141
Enc Area.........................................................................................................................................................
CL Offset
141
Enc Area.........................................................................................................................................................
Rotation
141
7 Encoding
...................................................................................................................................
Menu
141
Encoding.........................................................................................................................................................
Setup
141
Encoders.........................................................................................................................................................
Nam e
141
Scan/Index
.........................................................................................................................................................
Axis Nam e
141
Scan/Index
.........................................................................................................................................................
Encoder Type
141
Scan/Index
.........................................................................................................................................................
Encoder Resolution
142
Scan/Index
.........................................................................................................................................................
Start Position
142
Scan/Index
.........................................................................................................................................................
Distance
142
Scan/Index
.........................................................................................................................................................
Stop Position
142
Scan/Index
.........................................................................................................................................................
Step
142
Scan/Index
.........................................................................................................................................................
Invert Dir
142
Reset Position
......................................................................................................................................................... 143
Data File Size
......................................................................................................................................................... 143
Max Enc Speed
......................................................................................................................................................... 143
8 Calibrate
...................................................................................................................................
Menu
143
Velocity Wizard
......................................................................................................................................................... 143
Wedge Delay
.........................................................................................................................................................
Wizard
143
Sensitivity/ACG
.........................................................................................................................................................
Wizard
143
TCG/DAC/DGS
.........................................................................................................................................................
Wizard (Curves)
144
Encoder Wizard
......................................................................................................................................................... 144
Elem ent Check
.........................................................................................................................................................
Wizard
144
Clear Calibrations
......................................................................................................................................................... 144
9 Preferences
...................................................................................................................................
Menu
144
Media Brow
.........................................................................................................................................................
ser
144
Language......................................................................................................................................................... 144
Unit System
......................................................................................................................................................... 144
Keep Measures
......................................................................................................................................................... 145
Default Palette
......................................................................................................................................................... 145
Date Form
.........................................................................................................................................................
at
145
System Date/Tim
.........................................................................................................................................................
e
145
UI Color ......................................................................................................................................................... 145
Netw orking
......................................................................................................................................................... 145
VNC Enabled
......................................................................................................................................................... 145
VNC Passw
.........................................................................................................................................................
ord
145
Video Out
......................................................................................................................................................... 146
Softw are.........................................................................................................................................................
Version
146
Hardw are.........................................................................................................................................................
Version
146
Last Calibration
......................................................................................................................................................... 146
Support Console
......................................................................................................................................................... 146
10 View
...................................................................................................................................
Menu
146
View Orientation
......................................................................................................................................................... 146
Add Cursor
......................................................................................................................................................... 146
Top, Bottom
.........................................................................................................................................................
, Left, Right Rulers
146
Circular Ruler
.........................................................................................................................................................
(S-Scan)
146
Horizontal,
.........................................................................................................................................................
Vertical Grid (A-Scan)
146
Envelope......................................................................................................................................................... 147
Contents
Part Overlay
......................................................................................................................................................... 147
Skip Qty ......................................................................................................................................................... 147
View Palette
......................................................................................................................................................... 147
Palette Position
......................................................................................................................................................... 147
Show Measures
......................................................................................................................................................... 147
Show DAC
.........................................................................................................................................................
(A-Scan)
147
Show DGS
.........................................................................................................................................................
(A-Scan)
147
Depth/Am.........................................................................................................................................................
plitude Mode (Cum ulated view s)
147
View Scrolling
.........................................................................................................................................................
Mode (Encoded view s)
148
Fram e Start/Range
.........................................................................................................................................................
(Encoded view s)
148
IFT Culling
......................................................................................................................................................... 148
11 Cursor
...................................................................................................................................
Menu
148
Nam e
......................................................................................................................................................... 148
Type
......................................................................................................................................................... 148
Focal Law.........................................................................................................................................................
(L-Scan)
148
Angle (S-Scan)
......................................................................................................................................................... 148
Sound Path
......................................................................................................................................................... 148
Depth ......................................................................................................................................................... 148
Level / Threshold
......................................................................................................................................................... 149
Surface Distance
......................................................................................................................................................... 149
Enc Scan.........................................................................................................................................................
Axis
149
Enc Index.........................................................................................................................................................
Axis
149
Gate Follow
.........................................................................................................................................................
Peak
149
Color
......................................................................................................................................................... 149
Delete Cursor
......................................................................................................................................................... 149
Part XIII Examples
150
1 Example
...................................................................................................................................
of Phased Array Setup
150
Load the .........................................................................................................................................................
configuration
150
Modify the
.........................................................................................................................................................
configuration
151
Making Measurem
.........................................................................................................................................................
ents
152
Record Data
......................................................................................................................................................... 152
Open analysis
.........................................................................................................................................................
file
153
2 Example
...................................................................................................................................
of Conventional UT Setup
154
Load the .........................................................................................................................................................
configuration
154
Modify the
.........................................................................................................................................................
configuration
155
Making Measurem
.........................................................................................................................................................
ents
156
3 Example
...................................................................................................................................
of TOFD Setup
156
Load the .........................................................................................................................................................
configuration
156
Modify the
.........................................................................................................................................................
configuration
157
Record Data
......................................................................................................................................................... 159
Part XIV Maintenance
160
1 Casing
................................................................................................................................... 160
2 Screen
................................................................................................................................... 160
3 Temperature
................................................................................................................................... 160
4 Traveling
................................................................................................................................... 160
Part XV Product Specification
161
Part XVI Troubleshooting and Support
162
1 Troubleshooting
...................................................................................................................................
Tips
162
2 Update
...................................................................................................................................
Procedure
162
3 Contact
...................................................................................................................................
Support
162
Introduction
Introduction
This manual provides information for the Sonatest veo 16:64 device. The information contained herein allows usage
of the veo to its full capability in order to take advantage of its numerous and user-friendly features.
The user guide has been designed so that people with good knowledge of basic ultrasonic non-destructive testing
may understand how to operate the veo. It is crucial that users understand the critical nature of ultrasonic nondestructive testing. Section 2 contains important information on the proper use of this technology.
10
Disclaimers and Notices
The following information must be read and understood by users of the veo ultrasonic phased array flaw detector.
Failure to follow these instructions can lead to serious errors in test results or damage to the phased array flaw
detector. Decisions based on erroneous results can lead to property damage, personal injury or death. Anyone using
this instrument should be fully qualified by their organization in the theory and practice of ultrasonic testing, or under
the direct supervision of such a person.
All statements, technical information and recommendations contained in this manual or any other information
supplied by Sonatest in connection with the use, feature and qualification of the veo are based on tests believed to
be reliable, but the accuracy or completeness thereof is not guaranteed. Before using the product you should
determine its suitability for you intended use based on your knowledge of ultrasonic testing and the characteristic of
materials. You bear all risk in connection with the use of the product.
2.1
Copyright
Copyright c 2010 Sonatest Limited

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the
prior written permission of Sonatest Limited.
Sonatest Ltd
Dickens Road
Old Wolverton
Milton Keynes
MK12 5QQ
ENGLAND
Tel: +44 1908 316345
Fax +44 1908 321323
www.sonatest.com
sales@sonatest.com
2.2
Sonatest Inc.
12775 Cogburn
San Antonio
TEXAS
78249-2239
USA
Tel: +1 (210) 697 0335
Fax: +1 (210) 697 0767
sales@sonatestinc.com
Warranty
Immediately upon receipt of the goods, the buyer is required to check the goods carefully and thoroughly in order to
benefit from the warranty; any defect in the product should be immediately reported in writing to Sonatest. We will
make good by repair or by the supply of a replacement or by equivalent adjustment of the price at our sole option
defects which under proper use appear in the goods within a period of twelve (12) calendar months after the goods
have been delivered and which arise solely from faulty design, material or workmanship. Provided always that the
goods are carefully packed and promptly returned by you free to our works unless otherwise arranged. Said goods
should be covered while in transit to us and must be accompanied by a written statement detailing the precise nature
of the fault and the operating conditions under which the fault occurred. The repaired goods will be returned by us
free of charge.
Save as in this clause hereinbefore expressed we shall not be under any liability in respect of defects in goods
delivered or for any injury damage or loss resulting from such defects and our liability under this Clause shall be in
lieu of any warranty or condition implied by law as to the quality or fitness for any particular purpose of such goods.
You are reminded that all warranties as to merchantability and fitness for purpose are exclude from the contract
under which the product and this manual have been supplied to you. The Seller's only obligation in this respect is to
replace such quantity of the product proven to be defective.
Neither the seller nor the manufacturer shall be liable either in contract or in tort for any direct or indirect loss or
Disclaimers and Notices
11
damage (whether for lost of profit or otherwise), costs, expenses or other claims for consequential or indirect
compensation whatsoever (and whether caused by the negligence of the company, its employees or agents or
otherwise).
2.3
Equipment Directive Conformance
Directive 2004/108/EC (EMC) on Electromagnetic compatibility directive

FCC Part 18
Directive 2006/95/EC (LVD) on Safety testing for the Low Voltage Directive
Directive 2002/95/EC (ROHS) on Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic
equipment
Directive 2002/96/EC (WEEE) on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive
WARNING!
This is a CLASS A product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio
interference. In which case the user may be required to take adequate measures. Under
some environmental constraints and depending of the type of equipment connected the
device, the product could be found not conformant.
This product should not be connected to cables greater than three (3) meters in length. If
this is necessary, the installation may require further EMC testing to ensure conformity.
The Sonatest veo 16:64 complies with EN 12668-1, Non-destructive testing and verification of ultrasonic examination
equipment - Part 1: Instruments. For any question relating to the proper use of this product, please contact the
manufacturer.
2.4
Risks and Hazards
The Sonatest veo 16:64 contains a high-energy, precision pulser allowing optimum testing results to be obtained by
matching the pulse width to the probe characteristics. This circuitry may be damaged by voltage spikes. It is
recommended that the instrument be switched off, or the pulser stopped before changing transducers (probes).
Proper use of the ultrasonic test equipment requires three essential elements:
Knowledge of the specific test or inspection and applicable test equipment.
Selection of the correct test equipment based on knowledge of the application.
Competent training of the instrument operator.
This user guide provides instruction in the basic operation of the veo flaw detector. In addition to the methods
included, many other factors can affect the use of this flaw detector. Specific information regarding these factors is
beyond the scope of this manual. The user should refer to appropriate textbooks on the subject of ultrasonic testing
and thickness gauging for more detailed information.
12
2.5
Operator Requirements
Operators must receive adequate training before using the veo. Operators must be trained in general ultrasonic
testing procedures and in the set up and performance required by each specific test or inspection. Operators must
have experience of and be qualified to use standard ultrasonic phased array flaw detectors equipment. Operators
must understand:
Sound wave propagation theory

Effects of the velocity of sound in the test material
Behaviour of the sound wave at the interface of two different materials
Sound wave spread and mode conversion
Operation and triggering of gates for C-scan capture
Sound beam forming in phased array
More specific information about operator training, qualification, certification and test specifications can be obtained
from technical societies, industry groups and government agencies.
2.6
Operating Conditions
If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the equipment
may be impaired.
Operating temperature:
Storage temperature:
Maximum relative humidity:
IP rating:
-10C to 40C (14F to 104F)

-25C to 70C (-13F to 158F)
5 to 95% non-condensing
IP65 (splash proof / rain)
Do not operate with fans obstructed.

Do not operate under water.
Instrument and Accessories
13
Your new instrument is a state-of-the-art ultrasound imaging device. It was designed to perform phased array
imaging using S-scan and L-scan, as well as conventional UT and TOFD based on A-scan.
The core of your machine is an embedded computer platform which architecture is optimized for real-time ultrasound
imaging and off-line data analysis. Many of the components are industry standards like VGA, USB and Ethernet.
This facilitates interfacing with standard computer peripherals.
The Graphical User Interface (GUI) is designed to let users accomplish their tasks as efficiently as possible. The
interface is designed with simplicity, intuitively and versatility in mind.
The following chapter presents this new instrument and its accessories.
3.1
Hardware Overview
It's now time for you to boot your system for the first time. The veo is designed so that the first experience to be as
pleasant as possible. Quite obviously, you won't have all the reflexes from start. The interface is such that you'll learn
fast. Really fast.
Before starting, verify that your package includes the following:
Make sure that you have the appropriate probes, wedges and encoder for the type of inspection you intend to perform.
You may also have purchased the Sonatest veo 16:64 as part of a kit , which includes many accessories required to
perform some of the detailed example scenarios described in this document.
14
3.2
UT Connectors
The following connectors are featured on the right hand side of the device:
1 TX/RX A (BNC or LEMO)
1 RX A (BNC or LEMO)
1 TX/RX B (BNC or LEMO)
1 RX B (BNC or LEMO)
1 Phased Array (I-PEX)
1 I/O (LEMO)
1 Scan Axis encoder connector
1 Index Axis encoder connector
Note: The Phased Array connector protective cap may be screwed to the back of the device (over CE Markings) while
a phased array probe is plugged in.
3.3
PC Connectors
The following connectors are featured on the left hand side of the device:
3 USB ports (USB 2.0)
1 Video output (VGA)
1 Ethernet Gigabit (RJ-45)
15
16
3.4
Button
Keypad
Button Nam e
USB Keyboard
Short Function Description
CANCEL
Escape
Cancels an ongoing value change and resets to the previous value.
Click Wheel
---
Rotate your finger clockw ise and counter clockw ise to scroll through a menu,
to increase/decrease a parameter value, to move cursor or zoom in/out in 3D
view .
UP / DOWN
ARROWS
Arrow s
Moves from one menu item to another.

Changes a parameter value. Moves the selected cursor or gate.
LEFT / RIGHT
ARROWS
Arrow s
Moves from one menu tab to another.

Moves the selected cursor or gate.
OK
Enter
Confirm selection or new value.
MENU
Activates the menu and allow s menu navigation.
VIEW
Toggles betw een the various view s.
CURSOR
Toggles betw een the various cursors of the currently selected view . Also
acts as BACKSPACE during text entry.
dB
Changes the gain value.
CAL
F4
Brings focus to the calibration menu.
WELD
Show s or hides the w eld overlay for the selected view .
17
LAYOUT
Access the view layouts.
ZOOM IN/OUT
Zooms in or out of the view .
MAX / MIN
Toggling to maximize or minimize the selected view
EXTRACTOR
Focuses or toggles betw een extractors
GATE
Focuses or toggles betw een gates.
RANGE
Changes the range path value.
F1 / HELP
F1
Toggles the display of contextual and full help pages.
F2 / INFO
F2
Displays the cursor information menu.

In Wizards, F2 goes back to the previous step or page.
F3 / SET REF
F3
Resets the encoders position to the origin.

In Wizards, F3 goes forw ard to the next step or page.
PLAY/PAUSE
Starts live ultrasound images, or freezes the acquisition.
STOP
Stops the live acquisition, or stops the recording.
RECORD
Records ultrasound data in real-time.
SAVE
Saves a file. Will display a pop-up to confirm the type of file to save (Setup,
Report, Screenshot).
LOAD
Loads a configuration file. Will display a file list to choose from.
LED
ALARM
---
Lit w hen any of the gates has a threshold detected.
LED
BAT1 / BAT2
---
Off=Full Charge, Green=Charging, Orange=Low battery
ON/OFF
---
Pow ers the instrument on (Hold dow n) or shuts it dow n. Lights up in green
w hen the device is ON.
18
3.5
Click Wheel
The Sonatest veo 16:64 features an innovative Click Wheel. There are 2 ways to use the Click Wheel.
1. Use your thumb or index finger to touch lightly on the surface around the
button, and rotate clockwise or
counter-clockwise, without applying pressure. Use this to quickly increase or decrease values, scroll down or up
through parameters, move cursors around, etc.
2. Push one of the 4 directional arrows (

) to perform the same operations with more precision. Increase
or decrease values, switch to other menus, scroll through parameters, move cursors around, etc.
3.6
19
Power
The instrument can operate from 3 power sources:

DC power in
Battery 1
Battery 2
To insert batteries, unscrew both battery doors, and insert the 2 batteries. Pull out the AC rubber cap (back of the
device) and connect the AC adaptor. The first charge must last at least 6 hours. The unit can be used while
charging, however this increase the charging time. To avoid any downtime when you perform an inspection, we can
provide you with an external battery charger, or additional battery packs.
Exterial battery charger available

w ith veo unit.
The Sonatest veo 16:64 can operate on a single battery. Also, batteries can be replaced during operation (hot
swappable), as long as one power source remains connected.
20
3.7
Accessories
A wide variety of high-quality Sonatest accessories are available for the veo. Refer to your local Sonatest distributor to
find out about:
Conventional Transducers
Phased Array Transducers (DAAH transducers and adaptors)
Wheel Probes
Adaptors
Cable Splitters
Encoders (Quicktrace Micro-Encoders)
Multipurpose Scanners
TOFD Kit
TOFD Scanning Frames
TOFD Pre-Amp
Test Blocks
Batteries
Water pumps
Custom wedges
and more...
Connecting Probes and Powering Up
21
Connecting Probes and Powering Up
Connect your probe in the appropriate connector. To connect phased array probe(s), unscrew the protective cap and
place it on the back of the unit (over the CE markings). If you own probes with a different type of connector, Sonatest
distributor may provide you with adaptors. With the appropriate splitter, 2 phased array probes may be connected to
the Sonatest veo 16:64.
Adaptors for conventional UT probes (mono-element) are also available from your Sonatest supplier (Sonatest veo
16:64 is offered with BNC or Lemo connectors, depending on users preference).
The TX/RX connector must be used for pulse-echo (PE) type scans. For Pitch and Catch (PC) setups, use the TX/RX
connector as the pulsing (pitch) probe and the RX connector as the receiving (catch) probe.
To power up the device:

1. Press the ON/OFF (
) key for about 4 seconds until you see a flashing indicator (this delay ensures that the
unit does not starts accidentally during shipping and handling).
2. Sonatest veo 16:64 will then start-up. The boot process takes approximately 40 seconds.
3. At the end of the boot process, the Graphical-User Interface (GUI) appears, displaying the following screen:
22
User Interface
5.1
Elements of the Graphical Interface
Tab Bar
Shows the list of tabs (menus). Tabs are placed in a logical sequence that should be followed when doing a new
inspection configuration.
Main Menu
Displays the list of parameters (numerical, text, lists or action buttons) that are in the current tab. The list is scrollable
with the UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW keys, or by rotating your finger around the click wheel. The list can contain
more than 10 parameters (going up or down reveals new parameters).
Number of Probes/Wedges/Scans
Allows the user to know, at a quick glance, how many probes, wedges or scans are configured in the setup. There
are always as many probes as there are wedges, but there can be multiple scans on a single probe, or a scan that
uses multiple probes (pitch and catch).
Summary View
Shows a quick summary of the current configuration settings.
User Interface
23
Plan View
Shows the location of probes on the part, as configured in the Geometry menu. Especially useful in multi-probes
setups.
Battery Status
Displays various information about the device state, such as the Instrument State, the Time/Date Indicator and the
Battery Status Indicator.
Information Bar
Displays a short help message related to the selected parameter in the main menu, or displays error messages.
Help View
Displays more detailed help text related to the selected parameter in the main menu. Can be maximized.
3D View
Show the representation of probes, wedges, scans and part in 3D.
24
Views (center area)

The main area of the screen is used to display ultrasonic views (here, 4 views are displayed, a Sectorial Scan, a
Linear Scan and 2 A-Scans). The views are the representation of the ultrasonic data captured by probe(s). Press the
VIEW key to toggle between each view.
Measurements Bar
Displays various numerical measures extracted from the ultrasonic data. The measures to display can be selected
in "Inspection:Select Measures", during PLAY mode. It is displayed only when the VIEW key has been pressed, or
when the "Preferences:Keep Measures" option has been enabled.
Calibration Indicators
Gives color coded information about calibrations that were performed. BLACK = not calibrated, GREEN = calibrated,
YELLOW = partial calibration, RED = calibration failure.
Instrument State
This area indicates the current inspection state, either Play, Stop, Pause or Record. Shows as "ACQ" when a
configuration is loaded for acquisition, and "FILE" when "utdata" file has been loaded for post-analysis. See the "
Starting data acquisition" section for more details.
Item Selection
User Interface
25
When multiple probes, wedges or scans are configured, their menus are stacked together. This indicator shows
which probe's, wedge's or scan's properties are currently being displayed in the menu.
Scrollbar
Use to scroll with a USB mouse.
View Layout
Shows the current screen layout. The active view is always shown in blue, and the properties of the active view are
located in the "View" menu.
Encoder Position
When an encoder is plugged in and configured, the encoder position is shown here, in mm or inches. This value is
updated in "PLAY" mode.
View Measures
This area shows various measures automatically selected depending on the context. They can been hidden by
using the "View:Show Measures" option to increase the viewable area.
5.2
Navigating
26
1. Press the
key to select the menus tab, then use the click wheel (
parameter. Press the
) to navigate. Press
to edit a
key to cancel ongoing changes.
2. Press the
key to toggle between the different views.
3. Press the
key to toggle between the different cursors of the selected view, then use the click wheel (
) to move the current cursor (displayed in blue).
5.3
Manipulating Cursors (Cartesian Cursor, Angular Cursor, Gate,

Box, Extractor)
1. In "acquisition mode" (play), press the VIEW key (once or multiple times) to select the appropriate view.
2. Press the
key (once or multiple times) to select the appropriate cursor in the current view.
3. Use the click wheel (
) to move the selected cursor.
4. To change "gates" size, press

edition mode. Press
, then change size by using the click wheel (
). A square is visible in
to confirm gate width.
Exam ple of gate resizing.
5.4
Selecting Views and Layouts
An important number of views are available, presented in layouts are contextual to your scan setup. Below the list of
available views:
View
Description
A-Scan view
B-Scan view
Use "top view"
D-Scan view
User Interface
L
L-Scan view
S-Scan view
Top
Top view
End
End View
TOFD
TOFD View
1. Press LAYOUT (
2. Press
) to change the view organization.
to see the available choices, then use the click wheel (
) to select the appropriate layout.
Note: Only the layouts applicable to you setup (number of scans, type of scan) are available.
27
28
5.5
Color Palettes
Palette Names
Color Gradient
3 level threshold
ABF Amplitude
Aeronautic
Rainbow
Spectrum
Greyscale
TOFD
Thermal
User Interface
5.6
View
A-scan
Ruler and Axis Color Map

Axis Content
Amplitude
Sound Path
B-scan
Scan
Sound Path
C-scan
D-scan
Accomplish by using top view

Index
Sound Path
L-scan
S-scan
Surface Distance
Depth
Top
Scan
Surface Distance
End
Scan
Depth
TOFD
Scan
Depth (non-linear)
29
30
Ultrasound Techniques
6.1
Scan Types
The "Scan: Type" parameter allows to select amongst Sectorial, Linear, Mono or TOFD scan. Each scan is configured
either in Pulse-Echo (PE) mode or Pitch-and-Catch (P&C) mode, except for TOFD scans which always are used in
Pitch-and-Catch. Each type of scan is described below.
6.1.1
Sectorial Scan
The sectorial scan, also called azimuthal scan or more commonly S-scan, is a cross-sectional image of the
inspected volume. It represents an angular coverage of the volume under the probe.
6.1.2
Linear Scan
The linear scan, commonly called L-scan, is represented on screen as a parallelogram view, directly under the probe
or at a specific angle. The L-scan is generated by multiple A-scans at the same transmitted angle, but from different
exit points. A small group of elements are activated to generate each beam (focal law), and the group of elements
moves along the elements array for each subsequent beam.
The linear scan is also referred as an electronic scan or E-scan.
6.1.3
Mono Scan (Conventional UT)
The mono scan refers to the conventional A-scan representation, using a single reception element. The A-scan is a
waveform representing the amplitude of the ultrasound signal as a function of time or distance of propagation.
Echoes become apparent as soon as reflectors occur on the travel path of the ultrasound wave front. A reflector may
be a defect, such as a crack or component geometry (i.e. weld root).
6.1.4
TOFD Scan
The Time-of-Flight-Diffraction (TOFD) scan involves a pitch-and-catch setup of conventional UT probes where data is
generally displayed using a gray-scale B-scan.
6.2
View definitions
6.2.1
A-Scan
The A-scan view is probably the most important ultrasound view. For most cases, it is the source of all other views
like B-scan and S-scan. The A-scan is a waveform representing the amplitude of the ultrasound signal as a function
of time or distance of propagation. Echoes become apparent as soon as reflectors occur on the travel path of
ultrasound wavefront. A reflector may be a defect (i.e. crack) or component geometry (i.e. weld root).
For manual inspection, the A-scan is observed by the user until a susceptible echo becomes apparent. Therefore,
the probe position is adjusted by the user to peak out the echo. Then, the cursors or gates are adjusted in amplitude
and time to depict defect location and size.
For automated inspection, it is quite the same thing except the A-scans were all previously recorded. The user
browses throughout the data (i.e. S-scan) and suddenly finds an indication (most of the time a red spot because of
31
color palette). He places the extraction cursors on the red spot and the corresponding A-scan appears in the view.
The set of cursors are adjusted in the A-scan to make similar measurements such as in manual inspection.
A-scan view
6.2.2
S-Scan
The S-scan view is a powerful tool available when using phased array probes. Indeed, it represents an angular
coverage of the volume at a specific probe position. As a convention, it represents beam steering into one tilt plane,
most commonly 0 degree (azimuthal plane). More generally, it is the accumulation of color-coded A-scan lines or
"pie" sections, placed side-by-side since they represent A-scans acquired at different consecutive angles. Normally,
all angles within a S-scan are triggered at once, either from a clock event or a position event within a sequence. The
time triggered version is called the free-running S-scan since a S-scan is grabbed N times per second, without
respect for the actual position of the probe. Echoes become apparent in the form of a spot or a trace as soon as a
reflector occurs on the travel path of ultrasound wavefront. A reflector may be a defect (i.e. crack), but most of the time
you get traces from bouncing waves on component geometry (i.e. weld root). The rendering on screen depends on
the angular span and resolution.
For manual inspection, the free-running S-scan is observed by the user until a susceptible spot becomes apparent.
Therefore, the probe position is adjusted by the user to peak out the spot, since some defects have better responses
at specific angles. The A-scan may or may not be used to perform the measurements. For semi-automatic or
automated inspections, it's pretty much the same thing except the A-scans were all previously recorded, so all the Sscans were recorded. The user browses throughout the data, and suddenly finds an indication (most of the time a
red spot because of color palette). Quite often, the user scrolls an extractor cursor on the S-scan to see the
corresponding A-scans and the echodynamic of the echo.
32
S-scan view
6.2.3
L-Scan
L-scan means linear scan. It presents on screen a parallelogram view at a specific angle. The L-scan is generated
by multiple A-scans at the same transmitted angle, but from different exit points. The exit point variation comes from
the fact the activation of array elements changes such that a small group of active elements are moving from one
beam (focal law) to the other. For example, with a 32-element probe we generate a L-scan where only 8 elements
are active at a time. The first beam (focal law) would activate elements 1 to 8, the second law elements 2 to 9, the
third law elements 3 to 10, and so on. Of course, the exit point moves accordingly.
The number of active elements per law determines the number of laws the L-scan will have. One way to refine the
resolution of the L-scan is to use a Vernier pitch, meaning that alternatively N and N-1 active elements are used. Of
course, the number of beams (focal laws) will double (almost). For example, the first beam would use elements 1 to
8, the second beam elements 2 to 8, the third beam elements 2 to 9, the fourth beam elements 3 to 9, and so on.
Because the effective aperture of each focal law is reduced (i.e. 8 elements instead of 32), the L-scans are known to
have less spatial resolution. However, they sometimes overcome problems of wedge noise and they simplify the
analysis. After all, the L-scan can be interpreted as an electronic B-scan.
Like any other view, the L-scan provides a colored cumulation envelope mode that can be turned on or off.
6.2.4
B/D-Scan
The B-scan is a view generated from the extractor angle from the S-scan. If the extractor angle is changed, a different
B-scan will be created. Depending on your probe displacement, the B-scan may be considered as a D-scan. In an
encoded inspection, there will be no confusion between the B and D-scan since the system will know for sure the
direction taken by the probe, assuming the encoder was correctly configured.
33
The B-scan view is the accumulation of color-coded A-scan lines, placed side-by-side since they represent A-scans
acquired at different scanning position. The scanning can be position encoded (most common form), or time
encoded. The time encoded version is called the scrolling B-scan since an A-scan is grabbed N times per second,
without respect for the actual position of the probe. Echoes become apparent in the form of a spot or a trace as soon
as a reflector occurs on the travel path of ultrasound wavefront.
6.2.5
Projected Views
The projected views are a very useful tool allowing you to quickly have a global view of an inspection from three
different angles : the top, the side or the end of an inspected component. The resulting view of this kind of projection
is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional view. The amplitude peaks encountered in the
inspection are projected on the 2D view, so that using the three different projected views will give you a pretty good
idea of the inspected component.
The projected view can also represent the position of the peak in the projection axis instead of the amplitude of the
peak itself. To change the display from amplitude to depth, you just need to modify the Depth/Amplitude Mode option
in the View menu.
The use of a cartesian box to extract those views is quite useful since it can limit the area to be included in the
projection, allowing the user to cut out any noise from the projection. Also, since creating this type of view requires
browsing a lot of data, limiting the range of the view will also tend to give a faster rendering.
6.2.6
TOFD View
The TOFD scan involves a pitch-and-catch setup of conventional UT probes where data is generally displayed using
a gray-scale B-scan or D-scan. The signal typically starts with the pulse from a wave traveling on the surface of the
part, called Lateral Wave. It then can be followed by some diffracted wave pulses from defects, if any. Finally, the
specular reflection from the bottom of the part comes back, called the Back-Wall Echo.
Hyperbolic cursors are available in this view to measure defects position and length.
34
TOFD view
Setup and Operation Workflow
35
The user interface has been designed to match the workflow described below.
7.1
Loading and Saving
1. At any time, press the
key to open one of the provided example configuration files.
2. Press the
key to select the left-side menu, then use the click wheel (
appropriate menu item.
3. Press the
file.
key to select the file list, then use the click wheel (
) to navigate and select
) to navigate and select the appropriate
36
File Extension
Description
.utcfg
Contains the entire configuration for an inspection (the probe, the wedge, the type of
scan, the position of each cursor, the layout, the color palette to use).
.utdata
Contains everything a .utcfg file contains, plus all the recorded data.
.pdf
Reports created by veo use the PDF file format. Any other PDF file can also be
displayed by the veo.
.png
Screen captures created by veo use the PNG image standard.

(PNG: portable network graphics)
4. If necessary, press the
key to swap media. Files can be loaded from or saved to the internal solid state
drive (
), or an external USB drive (
). The Sonatest veo 16:64 comes with an extensive
list of sample configurations stored on the internal solid drive. These files start with "Example_....". They are read
only files. Once a file is selected, the "configuration summary" is displayed on the right hand side window.
5. Press
to open the selected file.
6. To save a configuration (utcfg), a screenshot or a report, press the

cell phone to enter your filename.
key on the keypad. Use the keypad like a
Saving setup, screen capture or report.
7.2
37
Defining Inspection Items
The inspection tab is the first step when defining the inspection strategy. This is where the number of scans and
probes is specified. This is also where the information relative to the inspection can be written for further reference in
reports and examination records. The inspection tab contains items that are common to all scan, like the voltage
and the acquisition frequency.
7.3
Loading the Probe(s)
Once the number of probes to be used has been decided, you can load them from the probe database or define
them manually. To load a probe, press
displayed.
on the Load item under the probe tab. The probe database will then be
38
Tip:
If you define the probe manually, maximize the help view by pressing the help key
database using the Save button at the bottom of the menu.
. Save the probe into the
7.4
39
Loading the Wedge(s)
For each probe, a wedge can be associated. It means that probe 1 is automatically linked with Wedge 1, probe 2
with wedge 2, etc.
When no wedge is attached to the probe, the wedge Type has to be defined to None.
To load a wedge, press
on the Load item under the wedge tab. The wedge database will then be displayed.
Tip:
If you define the wedge manually, maximize the help view by pressing the help key
database using the Save button at the bottom of the menu.
. Save the wedge into the
40
7.5
Defining the Part Being Inspected
It is in the Part tab that the longitudinal and shear wave velocities are defined. Velocities can be manually entered if
they are known or the Velocity Wizard can be used to set them. When performing a shear wave (SW) inspection, the
longitudinal wave (LW) velocity can be ignore as you will set the Wave Mode to SW velocity in the Scan tab.
41
The second half of the Part tab is dedicated to the definition of the weld geometry.
If there is no weld, the Weld item can simply be set to None. Otherwise, the most representative geometry can be
chosen and the parameters adjusted accordingly. Details on geometry type can be found under the Weld Type
description. When selecting a specific geometry type, some of the parameters will be grayed. These items are
calculated values based on other ones. As per example, the Top Bevel Width is the sum of the Top Left Width and
Top Right Width.
42
Tip:
Maximize the 3D View while defining the weld geometry.
7.6
Positioning the Probe on the Part
Refer to next section "Defining Scan Plan Geometry".
7.7
43
Setting Up the Encoder
To record data based on the encoder position, it is required to setup an encoder.

The current software version allows one axis encoding. Two axis will be available in further version.
The encoder has to be plugged into the Scan axis which is identified with a S on the casing.
Go to the Encoding menu and choose Scan Axis only.
For the Quick Trace, the Scan Enc Resol. can be set to 14.40 ticks/mm or 365.8 ticks/in. If unknown, use the
Encoder Calibration Wizard.
The Scan Start Pos defines the position from where your acquisition will be starting relative to your reference point.
The Scan Distance defines the distance over which data will be collected.
The Scan Step defines the distance between each data collection position.
44
The Max Phys. Enc. Speed indicates what will be the maximum scanning speed with the current setup. Increasing
the PRF will increase this number.
The encoder position is written in the bottom left corner and is active in Play mode only.
7.8
45
Starting data acquisition
The Sonatest veo 16:64 was designed with user workflow in mind. The device has 3 operation modes:
Configuration
Acquisition / Recording
Analysis
These states are controlled like a common DVD recorder, by using stop (
), play (
current operation mode is always displayed in the top-right corner of the screen.
1.
).The
After opening a file, the Sonatest veo 16:64 always starts in "configuration mode", also called stop (
mode. Before starting the data acquisition, it is a good practice to review your setup. At any time, you can
press the stop (
2.
) and rec (
) to return to "configuration mode".
In "configuration mode" (stop mode), the Sonatest veo 16:64 displays the following screen:
46
3.
Press the
to edit a parameter.
4.
To navigate in the various menus, press the

and
arrow keys. Press
around the OK button, to move up or down in the menu.
5.
Press the
key to toggle between the different views, then use the click wheel (
views (scroll up and down, rotate and zoom the 3D view).
6.
Pour gel couplant on the weld sample.
7.
Position your probe so that the flat front-face of the probe touches the weld crown.
8.
Press
9.
You're ready to start your first phased array inspection with this instrument!
7.9
PLAY (
) to navigate. Press
or
, or rotate your finger
) to move within
) to change to acquisition mode.
Adjusting Gain and Reference Gain
Simply press the dB (
) button to set the gain of the current scan.
Tip:
If you have multiple scans, you should select the appropriate scan by pressing
) key. Gain can be adjusted separately for each scan.
47
before pressing the dB (
The reference gain can be set by pressing the "Set Ref Gain" button available just below the Gain item. The
Reference Gain is the actual reference level based on reflector responses. The value of the Reference Gain is
automatically set to the current Gain when activating the "Set Ref Gain" button. For example, if Ref Gain is initially 0dB
and Gain is 10dB, pressing "Set Ref Gain" changes the Ref Gain value to reflect the current Gain, i.e. 10dB.
Gain, Ref Gain and Set Ref

Gain item s.
Tip:
The offset gain and reference gain are displayed on the top left corner of each scan. In the example below, an offset
gain of +25dB has been applied in addition of the reference gain of 10dB. The actual gain is 35dB (25dB + 10dB) in
this case. The offset gain can either be positive or negative and is relative to the reference gain. The reference gain
is the value displayed in parenthesis. It is always possible to know the actual by looking at the gain item in the scan
menu.
Exam ple of offset gain and reference gain

displayed on S-scan view .
7.10
Adjusting the Focus
An important parameter to adjust in phased array is the focus. Focusing too far can lead to a lack of resolution. Overfocusing is not good either: the inspection would be fuzzy or you would have blind spots elsewhere. As a rule of
thumb, choose a focal distance that is at the end of the area of interest inside the part, depending on your application.
48
1.
Press the
2.
Press the RIGHT ARROW key on the click wheel (
3.
Press the DOWN ARROW key a few times in order to reach the "Focal Dist" parameter in the sidebar.
4.
Press the
5.
Rotate the wheel (
6.
Press the
7.11
key.
) a few times in order to reach the SCAN tab.
key to modify the value.
) to increase or decrease the focusing distance.
key to accept the new value.
Adding or Deleting Cursors
Cursors can be added or deleted manually to available views:
Adding Cursors
1. In acquisition mode, press the
2. Press
key (once or multiple times) to select the appropriate view.
and select the "View" tab.

cursors will be available.
) to select "Add Cursor..." item. Depending on the selected view, a choice of various
Here is the list of available cursors:

Type
Description
Drawing
Gate
The gates are used to make flank and peak measurements in a ASCAN views. When the gate is triggered by an echo, the peak amplitude
level is displayed, as well as its absolute position in True Depth ( ),
Surface Distance ( ) and Sound Path ( ). All Sound Path
measurements use the "Scan:Travel Mode", thus measurements can
either represent the Full or Half Sound Path in the part (in mm or
inches), or the Full or Half Sound Time spent in the part (in s). When
the rectification is set to None, the values range from - 100% to 100%.
On the other hand, when the rectification is set to Full, the values range
from 0 to 100%.
Quick access key:
Extractor
49
The extractor is used to extract A-SCANs from the L/S-SCAN.
Quick access key:

Cartesian
Cursor
The "cartesian cursors", also called crosshair cursors, are used to

make Surface Distance (SD) and Depth measurements in S/L/A-Scan.
Angular
Cursor
The "angular cursors" are used to perform Sound Path measurements

in S/L-Scan.
Box
The box is used to extract Top/End-Views from the L/S-SCAN.
Quick access key:

Hyperbolic
Cursor
The "hyperbolic cursors" are used to evaluate Surface Distance (SD)

and Depth measurements in a TOFD Scan (Time of Flight Diffraction).
The TOFD-View is a B-Scan type view with a pitch and catch probe
configuration. TOFD-View uses a non-rectified color palette (Black: 100%, White: +100%).
Deleting Cursors
1. In acquisition mode, press the
2. Press the
3. Press
key and select the cursor to be deleted.

and select the "Cursor" tab.
7.12
key (once or multiple times) to select the appropriate view.
) to select "Delete Cursor..." item.
Making Measurements with Gates
There are various ways to make measurements, but using gates is the most common and precise way to do it:
1. In acquisition mode, press the "gate" (
) key (once or multiple times) to select the appropriate gate.
50
) to move the selected "gate".
3. To change "gates" size, press
).
Tip:
Measures shown beside the gate are affected by the "Scan: Travel Mode" parameter. Choose either round-trip or one
way measurements, either in distance (mm or in) or time (s). Refer to Customizing the Measurement Bar to know
how to make peak or flank measurements using the gates.
7.13
Moving the A-Scan Extractor
Sectorial scan (S-scan) and Linear scan (L-scan) are made of stacked A-scan. It it possible to look at each individual
A-scan (focal law) composing them by moving the extractor. The extractor is represented as a dashed line.
1. In acquisition mode, press the "extractor" (
) key (once or multiple times) to select the appropriate extractor.
) to move the selected "extractor".
Moving the A-scan extractor to select a focal law .
7.14
51
Moving the Extraction Box
The extraction box, also refereed as the square box is used to generate Top and End views.
1. In acquisition mode, press the "extractor" (

3. Press
) key (once or multiple times) to select the appropriate box.
) to select and move the selected "box".
to modify the "box" size, then use the click wheel to change dimensions and
again to accept.
Resizing the extraction box.
7.15
Customizing the Measurements Bar
The Measurements Bar is shown at the top of the screen in PLAY mode, when focus is in the views (in PLAY mode,
press the
preference.
button). It can also be shown permanently in PLAY mode by enabling the Keep Measures
52
To select desired measures from available cursors:

1. Press
if youre not in PLAY mode.
2. Go to the INSPECTION menu and choose Select Measures.
3. Select one of the Measurement entry (1 through 6), and press
to modify it.
4. Each measure ID is composed of 3 parts; the cursor identifier, the reference point and the type of measurement.
As per example, G2 ^ %FSH means the amplitude, in percent, of the peak detected in the second gate. The
description of each type of measure follows:
Identifier
Cursor Type
Ref
Reference Point
Meas
Measurement Type
Angular/Extractor
Peak (or point)
%FSH
Amplitude in Percent
Cartesian
Flank
%REF
Amplitude Reference to the

Curve (DAC or DGS)
Frame Extractor
(encoded views)
Start
First point of a gate
Stop
End point of a gate
Depth
Gate
Sound Path (from exit point)
Hyperbolic (TOFD)
Surface Distance (from

wedge reference)
IFT Gate (interface)
SQ
Square Box
AB
Angular Box
DAC
Distance Amplitude
Curve
iRating
Indication Rating (d), as per

AWS with a 80% reference.
7.16
1.
53
Taking Screenshots and Creating Reports
To produce a screenshot or a report, press the
key and either select "Report" or "Screen Capture".
Saving setup, screen capture or report.
2.
Reports content can be customized by choosing the information to be included in. Go to the Inspection tab and
select the "Reports" item.
54
Report options
3.
Screen captures are a picture of what is currently displayed on the screen. Screen capture are saved as PNG
files.
7.17
Setting up Encoded or Time Based Scan
There are 2 types of inspection :

Manual (Free Running) with time based recording.
Encoded (Trig Encoder), where ultrasound pulses are emitted at specific positions provided by the encoder.
1. Press stop (
) to return in configuration mode.
2. Press the RIGHT ARROW key on the click wheel (

3. Press
) a few times in order to reach the "Encoding" tab
to edit the "Encoding Setup" parameter.
4. Select:

"None" for Manual (Free Running)
"Scan Axis Only" for Encoded (Trig Encoder)
5. Configure the "Encoding" tab parameters according to your "Encoding Setup"

6. If you selected "Scan Axis Only", connect the encoder in the "S" connector.
7. Press play (
scanner.
) and select appropriate layout. If you selected "Scan Axis Only", try moving your encoder/
8. Use the Encoder Wizard to easily configure your encoder step and granularity.
9. Refer to the Setting Up the Encoder section for additional details.
7.18
Managing Files
7.18.1
Using the Media Browser
The role of the media browser is to allow for local file management and file transfers Although it was made for
keypad operation, mouse interaction provides a lot more productivity. The media browser is launched from the
"Prefs" (it is only accessible when the device is in configuration/stop mode and with a file already loaded).
55
56
The following functions can be achieved:

Copy (files or folders)
Delete (files or folders)
Move (files or folders)
Create Folders
Rename (files or folders)
Navigation Key
) to navigate and select menu items.
key to select the file list (twice to select the second file list), then use the click wheel (
select the appropriate file.
) to navigate and
key to swap media. If you have an external key plugged in you can select the media displayed internal solid
state drive (
), or an external USB drive (
).
57
File Types
File Extension
Description
.utcfg
Contains the entire configuration for an inspection (the probe, the wedge, the type of scan,
the position of each cursor, the layout, the color palette to use).
.utdata
Contains everything a .utcfg file contains, plus all the recorded data.
.pdf
Reports created by veo use the PDF file format. Any other PDF file can also be displayed
by the veo.
.png
Screen captures created by veo use the PNG image standard.

(PNG: portable network graphics)
To copy files:
Highlight the files from a file list using the navigation keys.
Press VIEW and toggle to the "COPY TO" button. (or press F1)
Press OK.
You will be warned if the destination media is lacking space for full transfer.
A progress bar will appear in foreground while data is being copied.
To move files:
Highlight the files from a file list using the navigation keys.
58
Toggle to the "MOVE TO" button. (or press F2)

Press OK.
You will be warned if the destination media is lacking space for full transfer.
A progress bar will appear in foreground while data is being moved.
To delete files or directories:

Highlight the files from a list using the navigation keys.
Toggle to the "DELETE" button that shows the arrow pointing towards your destination media. (or press F3)
Press OK.
You will be prompted to confirm the deletion.
A progress bar will eventually show up while data is being deleted.
If directories are in the selection, they will be deleted too, including their full content. You will be prompted for
confirmation for each directory to delete.
To create a directory:
Select the media list where you want to create the directory.
Highlight something in the list.
Toggle to the "CREATE DIR" button.
Press OK.
A pop-up will ask you to enter the new directory name. Punctuation and exotic characters will not be accepted.
To enter a directory:
Select the media list.
Use UP/DOWN keys to highlight the directory.
Use RIGHT key to enter the directory.
To back out in the parent directory, use LEFT key or go to the ".." file item.
Defining Scan Plan Geometry (Cartesian/Axis Reference System)
59
Defining Scan Plan Geometry (Cartesian/Axis Reference

System)
The "Geometry" tab defines the "Scan Plan". The parameters of this menu define the location of each probe/wedge
on the part to be scanned.
To accurately define a "scan plan", the following information is critical.
As required by many codes, the position of the probe relative to the weld needs to be known and recorded. This is
done in the Geometry tab where the probes/wedges positions on the part are defined.
The Index and Scan Offset allow you to translate the probe/wedge while the Rotation parameter to rotate it around the
reference point.
Tip:
Set Rotation to 90 and 270 to have two probes facing each other.
Probes rotated at 90 and 270 degrees relative to the scanning axis.
In a multi-probe scenario, the probes/wedges are defined relative to a Group Reference mark as a green dot on the
plan view. The Group Reference point can be positioned anywhere, but a good practice is to position it aligned with
the weld center line and the probe/wedge center.
Once the "Group Reference (
) point has been defined, the last step is to properly define the reference system in
relation to the "Part Datum"(

), an arbitrary point on the piece under test. All ultrasonic data collected shall be
traceable to this reference point called datum, the (0,0) reference. When possible, it is recommended to superpose
the "Group Reference" point and the datum when using simple scan patterns. Otherwise, the items Enc. Area can be
use to move the Group Reference.
60
8.1
Wedge References
The "wedge reference" (
) is different for each type of wedge or probe (when no wedge is used):
Probe Type
Phased Array
Reference
probe without wedge
Reference point on the probe's active

surface center
probe with a flat wedge
Reference point on wedge's contact

surface center
probe with an angular

wedge
Reference point on center of wedge

front edge
Conventional UT probe with or without

wedge
8.2
Drawing
Reference point on beam exit point
Group Reference
An inspection setup can involve multiple probes. These probes are located in reference to a "Group Reference" ( )
point. The Group Reference point can be positioned anywhere on the probe retention system, but a good practice is
to position it aligned with the weld center line and the probe/wedge center.
Defining Scan Plan Geometry (Cartesian/Axis Reference System)
8.3
61
Part Datum
Once the "Group Reference" point has been defined, the last step is to properly define the reference system in
relation to the "Part Datum"( ), an arbitrary point on the piece under test. All ultrasonic data collected shall be
traceable to this reference point called datum, the (0,0) reference. When possible, it is recommended to superpose
the "Group Reference" point and the datum when using simple scan patterns. Otherwise, the user can define an
offset using the "Encoder:Scan Start Position".
62
Calibration Wizards
9.1
Available Calibrations
Once the Sonatest veo 16:64 is in "Acquisition Mode" (the "PLAY" button having been pressed), the "Calibration" tab
allows access to calibration wizards. The items in this menu are sorted in the order that calibrations should be
performed. If you are using a multi-scan setup, each scan must be calibrated independently.
Calibration wizards available from the "Calibration" tab.
Wizard Description and Applicability to each Scan Type

Scan Type
Wizard
Wizard
Type
Description
Conventional
PA
TOFD
UT
Element Check
Wizard...
Velocity and Zero
Wizard...
Wedge Delay
Wizard...
Sensitivity/ACG
Wizard...
Guides you in a step by step fashion to calibrate the

probe and find defective elements. Only applicable in
Phased Array.
Guides you in a step by step fashion to calibrate your

material velocity and Zero point.

Wedge Delay (compensates for w edge w ear).
**

sensitivity (also know n as ACG: Angular Corrected
Gain).
Calibration Wizards
TCG/DAC/DGS
Wizard...
Encoder
Wizard...

TCG, DAC or DGS curves (Time Corrected Gain /
Distance Amplitude Correction / Distance Gain Sizing).
63
TCG/DAC
Guides you in a step by step fashion to calibrate the

encoder resolution.
* It is not achieved within a wizard, it is done by calibrating the non-linear ruler ("Scan:LW Offset" and "Scan:BW
Offset" parameters).
** Not applicable, achieved by "Velocity and Zero Wizard..."
Phased Array, Wedge and Reference Type Applicability
Phased Array Wizard
Wedge
Type
None
Element Check
SDH Reference (IIW, Navship)
Wizard...
Thickness Reference
Flat
Angular
Radius Reference (IIW)

Thickness Reference
Notch Reference

Velocity and Zero
Wizard...
Thickness Reference
Thickness Reference

Notch Reference

Wedge Delay
Not Applicable

Wizard...
Thickness Reference
Notch Reference

Sensitivity/ACG
Wizard...
Notch Reference

TCG/DAC/DGS
Wizard...
Thickness Reference
Thickness Reference

Notch Reference
64
Conventional UT (Mono), Wedge and Reference Type Applicability
Conventional UT Wizard
Wedge
Type
None
Flat
Angular
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Velocity and Zero
Wizard...
Thickness Reference
Thickness Reference
Element Check
Wizard...

Notch Reference
Wedge Delay
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
TCG/DAC/DGS
Wizard...
Thickness Reference
Thickness Reference
Wizard...
Sensitivity/ACG
Wizard...

Notch Reference
9.2
Element Activation Wizard
The Element Activation Wizard is a single step wizard that quickly ensures that each element of the array is working
properly. It is only applicable in Phased Array. The wizard automatically configures a linear scan at 0 degree
consisting of one element activated individually and stepped along the array. Elements can be individually activated
or deactivated.
Applicability
Calibration Wizards
Scan Type
65
Wedge Type
Conventional
PA
TOFD
None
Flat
Angular
SDH Reference (IIW,

Navship)
SDH Reference (IIW,

Navship)
Thickness Reference
Thickness Reference
UT
Prior to starting
Verify the following parameters:

Probe:
Frequency, Pulse Width and Number of Elements
Steps
Step Nam e
Element
Activation/
Deactivation
Step Description and

Tips
Screenshot
Select the probe.

Set your "Gain", "Start
Path" and "Range
Path" to see an echo
response from the
reflector.
Select each element
and deactivate
defective or unw anted
elements.
Press "Accept" (last
menu item) or F3 w hen
completed.
Tip
A defective element will show up with a very weak response or no signal at all.
SDH Reference (IIW,

Navship)
66
9.3
Velocity and Zero Wizard
In most cases, the first wizard to start with is the Velocity and Zero Wizard. The velocity wizard shall be used when the
velocity is unknown. Otherwise, the velocity can be entered manually in the Part tab. The Velocity and Zero wizard
calibrate your material velocity and set the probe zero. Applicable in Phased Array and Conventional UT (not
applicable for TOFD).
Applicability
Scan Type
Wedge Type
Conventional
PA
TOFD
None
Flat
Angular
UT
2 Radius Reference
(IIW)
2 SDH Reference (IIW,

Navship)

Navship)
2 Thickness Reference
2 Thickness Reference

Navship)
2 Notch Reference
* It is not achieved within a wizard, it is done by calibrating the non-linear ruler ("Scan:LW Offset" and "Scan:BW
Offset" parameters).
Prior to starting

Inspection:
Probe:
Wedge:
PA Voltage or Mono Voltage

Frequency, Pulse Width and Elements
All Geometry
Scan:
Focalisation, Focal Distance, Wave Mode, PRF, Sub-Sampling, Smoothing, Filter, Signal
Rectification, TX and RX Elements
If one of the above parameters is changed after calibration, it will invalidate the calibration.
It is important to ensure the velocity is calibrated on a test block of the same material of the part to be inspected.
Steps
Step Name

Screenshot
Tips
Scan Selection Select the Scan to
Calibration Wizards
calibrate. This step is

automatically skipped if
the setup has only one
scan.
Reflectors
Selection
Select the type of

reflectors or references
used to calibrate.
Tip:
Ideally, choose a block
w ith reflectors that
require no or little
probe movement.
Reflectors
Position
According to the selected

reflectors, set the
distance at w hich they
are actually located in the
block.
Tip:
Choose reflectors that
have a greater gap
betw een them to
obtain more accurate
results.
Scan Settings
To improve detection
of your reflectors, it is
possible to modify
scan parameters
(angle, path, gain...),
only for the w izard
duration.
Especially make sure
that the Range Path is
long enough to detect
both reflectors.
Tip:
Typically, the middle
angle is chosen to
67
68
Reflector 1
calibrate the velocity.

The gate is
automatically
positioned by the
softw are, but may be
adjusted manually if
required.
Maximize the reflector
signal in the gate (w e
recommend over 80%,
but any peak amplitude
w ill be considered).
Tips:
The gate can be set
w ith the menu
parameter or by
pressing the "gate"
button on the keypad
and using click w heel
to move freely.
Best results w ill be
obtained by using
reflectors that w ould
avoid the need to
move the probe
betw een reflectors
(Thickness or Radius
on IIW type 2 block).
The w orst case is to
use 2 SDH and add
couplant before
scanning each
reflector.
Reflector 2
Set gate settings.

Maximize the reflector
signal in the gate (w e
recommend over 80%,
but any peak amplitude
w ill be considered).
Tip:
Properly maximizing the
indication is crucial for
accurate results.
Calibration Wizards
Validate Result
69
The last step of the

velocity calibration
w izard is to validate
the calculated velocity.
If the calculated
velocity doesnt
correspond to the
expected value, go
back to the Reflector 1
step.
9.4
Wedge Delay Wizard
The Wedge Delay wizard aims to compensate for the sound path variation in the wedge. The calibration ensures that
indications are displayed at the right depth.
Applicability
Scan Type
Wedge Type
Conventional
PA
TOFD
None
Flat
Angular
UT
Not Applicable
**
SDH Reference (IIW,

Navship)
SDH Reference (IIW,

Navship)
Thickness Reference
Notch Reference
Prior to Starting

Inspection:
Probe:
Frequency, Pulse Width and Elements
70
Wedge:

All Geometry
Scan:
Focalisation, Focal Distance, Start Angle, Stop Angle, Wave Mode, PRF, Sub-Sampling, Smoothing,
Filter, Signal Rectification, TX and RX Elements
If one of the above parameters is changed after calibration, it will invalidate the calibration.
Steps
Step Name

Screenshot
Tips
Select the Scan to

Scan Selection calibrate. This step is
scan.
Reference
Type
Select the appropriate

target for the calibration.
To improve detection of
Scan Settings your reflectors, it is
possible to modify scan
parameters (angle, path,
gain...), only for the
w izard duration.
Calibration Wizards
Box Position
Configure the box

settings to encompass
the reflector. (This is the
region w here your
indication is located in the
scan)
Set "Box Start Depth"

setting.
Set "Box Range Depth"
setting.
Tip:
The box location can
be changed w ith menu
parameters or by
pressing the
"extractor" on the
keypad and using click
w heel to move it
freely.
Reference and The reference is the
Tolerance
targeted sound path or
depth of the selected
reflector. Represented
as a dashed green line.
The tolerance is the

acceptable distance
deviation from the
reference level. A
tolerance of 1mm
means 1mm.
Represented as a
continuous green line.
Set "Reference Depth"

(controls the dashed
green line in the bottom
view )
Set "Tolerance
Depth" (controls the
continuous green line
in the bottom view )
Calibration
Move your probe back Image 1

and forth to sw ipe
your reflector (and
only your reflector) in
the box. The reflector
must pass through all
angles. You can press
71
72
"Reset Envelope" if
any spurious
indications are
present.
Press "Apply" w hen
you have a nice and
smooth red curve in
the bottom view (see
"image 1").
Verify calibration by
moving your probe
back and forth once
again. The red curve
should now be w ithin
tolerance (see "Image
2"). If it is not w ithin
tolerance, you can
press "Apply" again to
Image 2
re-correct, or press
"Reset" and restart
from start.
Press "Accept" once
you are satisfied of
the calibration.
Tip:
You can check the
w edge delay calibration
by setting a cursor at the
depth of the target and
move the probe over the
it. The indication should
appear at a constant
depth follow ing the
horizontal cursor for all
angles.
9.5
Sensitivity/ACG Wizard
The Sensitivity Wizard aims to compensate for the sound attenuation due to the wedge and the angle variation in the
S-scan. The calibration ensures a uniform amplitude response for each focal law for a given reflector. Also known
as ACG: Angular Corrected Gain.
Applicability
Calibration Wizards
Scan Type
73
Wedge Type
Conventional
PA
TOFD
None
Flat
Angular
UT
SDH Reference (IIW,
Navship)
SDH Reference (IIW,

Navship)
SDH Reference (IIW,

Navship)
Notch Reference
Prior Starting

Inspection:
Probe:
Wedge:

Frequency, Pulse Width and Element Characteristics
All Geometry
Scan:
Focalization, Focal Distance, Start Angle, Stop Angle, Wave Mode, PRF, Sub-Sampling,
Smoothing, Filter, Signal Rectification, TX and RX Elements
If one of the above parameters is changed after calibration, it will invalidate calibration.
Steps
Tips
Select the Scan to
scan.
Step Nam e
Screenshot
74
Reference
Type
Select the appropriate

target for the calibration.
Tip:
For an L-scan, a SDH
is suitable enough.
With S-scans, a radius
offers a constant path
w hich ensures that
the compensation
corrects only w edge
attenuation and echotransmittance effects.
How ever, a SDH is a
better target for
compensating the
effect of beam spread.
Scan Settings The same settings than
those used for the
w edge delay w izard
shall be used at this
stage.
Box Position
Position the box to

encompass the reflector.
Set "Box Start Depth"

setting.
Set "Box Range Depth"
setting.
Tip:
Move the probe back
and forth and adjust
the box accordingly.
Make sure that all
angles/focal law s
have to be covered.
The box location can
Calibration Wizards
be changed w ith menu

parameters or by
pressing the
"extractor" on the
keypad and using click
w heel to move it
freely.
Reference and The reference is the
Tolerance
target amplitude level
w hile the tolerance is the
accepted deviation from
the tolerance.
Set "Reference
Amplitude" (it controls
the dashed green line
in the bottom view ).
Set "Amplitude
Tolerance" (it controls
the continuous green
line in the bottom
view ).
Tip:
Set the gain so that the
amplitude level is below
100% for every focal
law .
Calibration
Move your probe back Image 1

and forth to sw ipe
your reflector (and
only your reflector) in
the box. The reflector
must be sw iped over
every scan angle (or
focal law s). You can
press "Reset
Envelope" if you are
not satisfied w ith your
probe manipulation.
Press "Apply" w hen
you have a nice,
smooth red curve in
the bottom view (see
"image 1").
Verify the calibration
by moving your probe
back and forth once Image 2
again. The red curves
should now be w ithin
tolerance (see "Image
2"). If it is not w ithin
tolerance, you can
75
76
press "Apply" again to

re-correct, or press
"Reset" and restart
from start.
Press "Accept" once
satisfied of the
calibration.
Tip:
Even if your
configuration is out of
tolerance, you may
press "Accept". The
softw are w ill modify
the tolerance
parameter
automatically to make it Image 3
fit (see "Image 3").
9.6
TCG/DAC/DGS Wizard
TCG
The TCG (Time Corrected Gain) wizard aims to equalize the amplitude level of a given reflector size along the sound
path.
Applicability
Calibration Wizards
Scan Type
77
Wedge Type
Conventional
PA
TOFD
None
Flat
Angular
SDH Reference (IIW,

Navship)
SDH Reference (IIW,

Navship)
SDH Reference (IIW,

Navship)
Thickness Reference
Thickness Reference
Notch Reference
UT
It is generally recommended to use SDH reference spaced apart from each other, spread over the range over a
range of depth representative of the part to be inspected.
Prior to Starting

Inspection:
Probe:
Wedge:

Frequency,Pulse Width and Elements Caracterisation
All Geometry
Scan:
Focalization, Focal Distance, Start Angle, Stop Angle, Start Path, Range Path, Wave Mode,
PRF, Sub-Sampling, Smoothing, Filter, Signal Rectification, TX and RX Elements
If one of the above parameters is changed after calibration, it will invalidate calibration.
Steps (TCG)
Tips
Select the Scan to
scan.
Step Nam e
Screenshot
78
Select curves Select the type of

type
assessment technique:
TCG
DAC
DGS
TCG: Set Gain

References
Select the "angle" of

the A-Scan extractor.
Set the "Target
Amplitude" w hich w ill
be the reference level
for all TCG points.
The "Amplitude
Tolerance" is the
acceptable deviation
from the Target
Amplitude.
Select the Angle to
build the TCG curve.
Determine if you can
use the follow gate
feature. It is useful, but
if you encounter
unw anted echo in
your a-scan you may
have to disable the
feature to move your
gate manually (once
you have set "Gate
Follow Peak" to "No", it
is necessary to press
the "gate" button on
the keypad to select
the gate and move it
w ith the click w heel).
Set the "gain" to get a
signal at the Target
Amplitude.
Time Based
Correction
(Calibrate)
For each reflector:
Image 1
Start w ith the reflector

w ith the highest
Calibration Wizards
amplitude.
Maximize the
Amplitude by moving
the probe on the part.
Make sure the right
signal crosses the
gate.
Press "Add TCG Point
at Gate", to add points.
You can press this
button as many times
as needed to re-adjust
existing points.
Move the probe to the
next reflector, and
restart to step 2.
Once done w ith all
reflectors, press "F3"
to end calibration or to
select another angle
(focal law ) to calibrate
Image 2
Tips:
Avoid to add couplant
in betw een each
reflector (it increases
variability of the
results)
If "Multi-Beam" is
enabled, the Sonatest
veo 16:64 interpolates
TCG amplitude and
depth points for focal
law s betw een the
angles that have been
calibrated. This
speeds up the
calibration process.
If the gate doesnt lock
on the right peak, the
Level can be
increased or the Gate
Follow Peak disabled.
79
80
Verify
Correction
Once all TCG points have

been created, you can
verify if the amplitude of
each reflectors falls
w ithin the tolerance.
Verify calibration by:
Sw eeping each
reflector to verify they
now have a similar
amplitude.
Each "Angle" can be
verified in this step.
Tips:
If a TCG point is out of
tolerance you can
adjust it by pressing
F2 to come back at the
previous step and then
press Add TCG Point
at Gate again. The
amplitude w ill be
adjusted.
Point can also be
adjusted manually.
Press the "VIEW" key
to access the A-scan
view . Select a TCG
point by pressing
"OK". Amplitude
correction of this point
can be adjusted by
using up and dow n
arrow s.
DGS
The DGS method (sometimes referred to as AVG) is a theoretical sizing technique which uses attenuation curves to
size disk shaped reflector defects in materials. The standard measure of defects is ERS, Equivalent Reflector Size,
meaning that the sized defect is equivalent in size to a reference reflector of the specified size.
Applicability
Scan Type
Wedge Type
PA
None
Conventi TOFD
onal
Flat Bottom Hole (FBH)
Flat
Angular
Calibration Wizards
81
Side Drilled Hole (SDH)
Spherical Shaped Hole

(SSH)
Spherical Shaped Hole (SSH)
Spherical Shaped Hole

(SSH)
Backw all Echo (BWE)

Radius
Prior To Starting
The probe and inspection system must be correctly calibrated before beginning this wizard.

Inspection:
Mono Voltage
Probe:
Frequency
Wedge:
Type, Refracted Angle (If Angular), Wedge Velocity LW (If flat or angular)
Part:
Thickness, Velocity LW, Velocity SW
Scan:
Start Path, Range Path, Delay Offset, Wave Mode, PRF, Sub-Sampling, Smoothing, Filter, Signal
Rectification, TX and RX Elements
If any of the above parameters are changed after calibration, it will invalidate the calibration.
82
Steps ( DGS)
Step
Nam e

Tips
Scan
Selection
Select w hich scan to

calibrate.
Screen shot
This step is skipped if

scan.
Select
Select the type of
Curve Type assessment technique:
TCG
DAC
DGS
Calibration Wizards
Set Probe
Parameters
Set the probe Near Field

Length (NFL) parameter.
This value can usually
be found in the probe
data sheet. Otherw ise,
NFL is calculated using
the follow ing equation:
N = (D^2)*f / 4*v
Where
N = Near Field Length
D = Element Diameter
f = Frequency
v = Material Sound
Velocity
Check the probe

frequency and PED
(Probe Effective
Diameter) are correct.
Set
Reference
Parameters
The test block velocity

is automatically set to
the velocity specified
in the Part menu
based on the Wave
Mode parameter in the
Scan menu. It should
be checked and
adjusted here if
necessary.
The Reference Type

and Reference Size
should be set. Note; if
the Reference Type is
set to Back Wall the
Reference Size
parameter is removed.
The Delta Vk
parameter should be
set if calibrating using
an angle probe and a
radius reference.
The ERS value
83
84
specifies the size of

defect that should be
reported as such, is
the reporting level.
The ERS value can be
adjusted during
inspection from the
Scan menu.
The TB Attenuation
parameter can be set
to correct for
attenuation in the test
block.
Collect DGS Move the probe and

Reference maximise the signal from
Point
the chosen reference
reflector.
Adjust the gain so that

the chosen reference
reflector is set to 90%
FSH. Note; the reference
echo can be betw een
88% and 92%.
Press Add DGS Point at
Gate.
A message w ill be
displayed indicating
w hether the reference
echo has been
accepted.
Note; if the reference

echo is not accepted,
check the calibration and
previous steps to ensure
all values are correct.
Calibration Wizards
Set subDGS
curves
Select the number of

sub-DGS curves to be
displayed.
Select the tolerance for

each sub-DGS curve in
the chosen units
(Percent or dB).
Validation
The calibration is now

complete. Press F3 to
validate, construct and
draw the DGS curve(s).
Selecting
Go to the Inspection
Measureme menu and select from
nts
the list of measurements
available.
85
86
9.7
Encoder Wizard
Applicability
Scan Type
Conventional
PA
TOFD
UT
Prior Starting

Encoder:
All Parameters settings (except: "Scan Encoder Resolution")
Steps
Step Nam e

Tips
Screenshot
Axis Selection Select the Axis to

calibrate. This step is
skipped if the setup has a
one axis encoder.
Axis Move
Setup your encoder on a

30cm/12 inches surface.
Press "Reset Position".
Move your encoder by
30cm/12 inches, as
precisely as possible.
Press "F3".
Result
The number of ticks/mm

(or ticks/inch) is show n.
Calibration Wizards
9.8
87
Distance-Amplitude Curves (DAC)
The DAC curve acts as an alarm threshold level for the gate where the level varies to match the attenuation and field
characteristics of the transducer and test material combination. When properly established, the DAC curve will
provide consistent alarming from discontinuities of equal relative size at different depths in the test piece.
88
10
Creating Defect Reports
To produce a screenshot or a report, press the

saving file section).
10.1
key. Select "Report" or "Screen Capture" (refer to loading and
Creating and Customizing Reports
The veo is capable of producing defect reports. These report are produced in PDF format (see www.adobe.com to
get a free reader).
To produce a report:
1. Press the
key.
2. Select "Report"
3. Select the "media (internal solid state drive or external USB key) by pressing F3
4. Type report file name
5. Press OK
Note: The report can be produce from configuration (stop mode) or in acquisition (play mode).
To customize the desired section in the report:
1. Press MENU key

2. Move to INSPECTION tab using the click wheel and select the "Report..." item
3. Press OK
4. Configure as desired the section required for your needs:
Report Type (short or long)

Cursor Info (yes or no)
Prove Info (yes or no)
Wedge Info (yes or no)
Scan Info (yes or no)
Encoder Info (yes or no)
DAC Info (yes or no)
DGS Info (yes or no)
89
Below an example of the a long menu (with all sections enabled). The short menu would present only the items
presented on first page.
90
91
92
11
Data File Analysis
You can review all recorded files directly on the unit. Press
and select your file. Remember that data file have
a .utdata extension. Once the file loaded, it will be displayed in stop mode with most items grayed to ensure data
integrity.
Tip:
If a large amount of files are available, use the filter to only display data file.
By pressing
youll be able to look at the recorded data. There is various ways to look at the data. You can use
the scroll bar located at the bottom of the views. Press
to access it and then you use the arrows.
Otherwise, you can choose a layout that includes a view showing the scan axis. Moving the extractor will allow you to
look at each recorded point.
Data File Analysis
93
94
12
Menus
The following section describes in detail each of the sidebar menu parameters.
12.1
Inspection Menu
This menu is where the inspection is defined. The INSPECTION menu is the recommended starting point, since the
main inspection settings are located there.
12.1.1
Probe Qty
The total number of probes you are using, counting both phased array and conventional probes.
Phased Array
You can use up to two (2) phased array probes simultaneously.
Conventional
You can use up to four (4) conventional probes simultaneously. The instrument allows to plug two (2) probes TX and
two (2) probes RX.
The probe tab header always shows the current number of probes.
12.1.2
Scan Qty
The number of simultaneous scans desired, for both phased array and conventional probes. The total number of
simultaneous scans cannot exceed three (3).
Phased Array
You can configure a maximum of two (2) phased array scans. Phased array scans can be sectorial scan (S-scan) or
linear scan (L-scan), in pulse-echo (PE) or pitch and catch (P&C) mode.
Conventional
You can configure up to two (2) conventional scans. Conventional scans can be pulse-echo mono-element (A-scan),
pitch and catch mono-element (A-scan) or TOFD scan (Time of Flight Diffraction).
The scan tab header always shows the current number of scans.
12.1.3
Select Layout
Shows the Layout selection menu for real-time views. The layouts available at a given time vary according to the
number and the types of scans selected. When these parameters change, an appropriate layout is always selected
automatically.
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Figure 1: Exam ple of layout selection w ith a S-scan and a L-scan
12.1.4
Select Measures
Shows a selection of measures to be displayed in the Measurement Bar. Up to six (6) different measurents can be
displayed at once. As illustrated below, each cursor and gate is identified with a letter and a numerical identifier. For
example, G1^% stands for Gate 1 Peak (^) amplitude in percentage (%).
Figure 2: Exam ple of m easures available
ID
Cursor Type
Angular/Extractor
Cartesian
Frame Extractor (encoded views)
Gate
Hyperbolic (TOFD)
SQ
Square Box
AB
Angular Box
DAC
Distance Amplitude Curve
96
Ref
Reference Point
Peak (or point)
Flank
Start
Start point of a gate
Stop
End point of a gate
Meas
Measurement Type
%FSH
Amplitude in Percent
%REF
Amplitude Reference to the Curve (DAC or DGS)

Depth (from the part surface)
Sound Path (from exit point)
Surface Distance (from wedge reference)
iRating
Indication Rating (d), as per AWS with a 80% reference.
The list of available measures varies depending on the cursors and gates currently being displayed.
12.1.5
Report
Pressing the Report button opens the Report Options Tab. From there, report options can be configured, and the
report can be generated as a PDF file.
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97
Figure 3: Report options
12.1.5.1
Report Options
12.1.5.1.1 Produce Report
Generates a report with the settings specified in the report options tab.
12.1.5.1.2 Report Type
Either Short or Long.

The Short report only generates the very first page of the report, while the Long report is spread on multiple pages
and contains a plethora of information.
12.1.5.1.3 Cursors Info
Insert cursor positions details in the Report.
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12.1.5.1.4 Inspection Info
Insert Inspection details in the report.

12.1.5.1.5 Probe Info
Insert Probe configuration details in the report.

12.1.5.1.6 Wedge Info
Insert Wedge configuration details in the report.

12.1.5.1.7 Scan Info
Insert Scan information details in the report.

12.1.5.1.8 Encoder Info
Insert Encoder configuration details in the report.

12.1.5.1.9 DAC Info
Insert DAC (Distance Amplitude Curve) details in the report (if DACs are enabled).
12.1.6
Voltage PA Mono
To set the voltage of the Phased Array (PA) pulsers or Mono Element pulsers. All phased array channels use the
same high-voltage generator, therefore the same voltage is applied to all phased array scans. The same rule
applies for mono-element channels, only one voltage can be used at a time.
Voltage PA
Ranges from 50 to 100 Volts and can be modified by steps of 10 Volts. A negative square-wave pulser is used.
Voltage Mono
Ranges from 100 to 400 Volts and can be modified by steps of 10 Volts. A negative square-wave pulser is used.
A higher voltage value allows deeper sound penetration into the material but increases power
consumption and reduces battery life. It is important to make sure that the transducer being used
supports the applied voltage. We encourage you to read the transducer data sheet before using a
voltage higher than 100V.
12.1.7
Acquisition Frequency
The acquisition frequency for phased array and conventional UT scans. The device samples the ultrasound echo
signals at up to 100 MHz for phased array and up to 200MHz for conventional UT. This parameter applies to all
scans. Therefore, with a 200MHz configuration, only conventional UT scans can be used. Possible values are
50MHz, 100MHz and 200MHz (for conventional UT only).
Changing the Acquisition Frequency value affects the number of samples acquired for one waveform (A-scan). For
example, changing from 50 MHz to 100 MHz will double the number of samples acquired. To record scans with long
beam paths, use sub-sampling to limit the amount of data transferred or to respect the maximum number of
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99
samples allowed.
As a rule of thumb, the acquisition frequency must be at least four (4) times greater than the nominal
frequency of the probe. For example, an Acquisition Frequency of 50MHz is appropriate for a probe with
a nominal frequency centered at 5MHz.
12.1.8
Max Frame Rate
To limit the frame rate to a certain maximal threshold. It means that the number of frames displayed on the screen
will not exceed that threshold.
A frame is defined as one unique image displayed by the device. One frame includes all views displayed on the
screen. Therefore, a Maximum Frame Rate of 25Hz means that a maximum of 25 images are generated every
second.
Note that this is independent of the acquisition rate.
12.1.9
Alarm
To select the condition triggering the alarm indicator (external LED on the unit case).
12.1.10 Lock Setup

The Lock Setup feature will grey out most parameters, thus preventing unintentional changes to the configuration file.
Parameters used in a daily inspection routine, such the Gain, the Calibration Wizards, the Report creator and some
preferences, are kept unlocked.
At any time the setup can be unlocked by toggling Lock Setup from Yes to No.
12.1.11 Short Menu

When the Short Menu option is enabled, the number of available parameters is reduced to its minimum. This feature
aims to simplify device operation by keeping only the most important parameters displayed in the user interface. The
hidden parameters are automatically set by the unit.
This option can be useful during training sessions.
12.1.12 Inspection Identifiers

To qualify and differentiate your files and reports, we recommend entry of the following information:
Job/Customer
Site
Operator Name
Qualification
Procedure Reference
Couplant Name
100
This information must generally be included in the examination records, as per the inspection code.
12.2
Probe Menu
The PROBE menu controls the parameters of a connected probe. In multi-probe setups, you will have multiple
PROBE menus, one for each probe.
12.2.1
Load Probe
To load a predefined Probe configuration from the probe database.
12.2.2
Probe Type
The type of probe plugged to the instrument. You can select amongst 1D linear phased array probes, square monoelement probes and round (circular) mono-element probes.
12.2.3
Probe Identifiers
Manufacturer name;
Model number;
Serial number.
This information can be taken from the probe specifications document, or it can sometimes be found engraved on
the probe casing itself.
Example of SONATEST probe specifications document.
Figure 4 Probe
specifications docum ent
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12.2.4
101
Frequency
The nominal frequency of the probe plugged to the instrument. It is the frequency at which the probe should be
operated. The probe frequency is usually written on the probe case itself, and the value is in MHz (Mega Hertz).
Changing the probe frequency will define a new Pulse Width value. The default value of the Pulse Width
(PW) is PW = 1000/2f where "f" is the nominal frequency in MHz and PW the pulse width in ns
(nanoseconds). The Pulse Width value can still be adjusted afterwards.
12.2.5
Pulse Width
The pulse width calculation is based on the probe frequency. The pulse width is the duration of the pulse on
transmission.
The equation to calculate the pulse width is:
1000
_____ = TX pulse width
2f
"f" being the probe frequency in MHz (megahertz).
The result of the equation is in ns (nanoseconds).
Figure 5:Exam ple of pulse w idth for a

negative square pulse
For a phased array probe, we recommend using the default value, which is automatically calculated
using the formula shown above.
12.2.6
Connected to (Mono only)
This parameter allows to select the physical connector your probe is plugged to. For example, one would select Ch A
TX/RX when using a pulse-echo technique with a mono element probe plugged to the TX/RX connector of channel A.
With phased array probes, the connector cannot be changed.
102
Connector

Description
Name
PA
Ch A TX/RX
Phased Array connector for Pulse-Echo and/or Pitch & Catch setups using phased array probe(s)
Channel A connector. Complete transmitter-receiver for Pulse-Echo, Pitch & Catch and TOFD setups
using mono-element probe.
Ch A RX
Channel A connector. Receiver only, used for Pitch & Catch and TOFD setups using mono-element
probe.
Ch B TX/RX
Channel B connector. Complete transmitter-receiver for Pulse-Echo, Pitch & Catch and TOFD setups
using mono-element probe.
Ch B RX
Channel B connector. Receiver only, used for Pitch & Catch and TOFD setups using mono-element
probe.
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12.2.7
103
First Element Pin # (PA only)
To specify to which pin of the phased array connector is connected the element #1 of your phased array probe. This
parameter is only available if at least two phased array probes are used. By default, the element #1 is connected to
the channel #1 of the PA connector when only one phased array probe is used. You may need to change this
parameter if you use Y-splitter, a Dual adaptor cable, or one of the other possible configurations described below.
Since the Sonatest veo 16:64 has 16 active channels, it means that only pins 1 through 16 are linked to pulserreceiver circuits. This is why we use the term "channels 1 to 16" instead of "pins 1 to 16". Many different connectivity
schemes can be used and are presented here.
ONE PROBE, ONE CONNECTOR

The most typical usage is to connect a single probe that has only one connector. Elements 1 to 16 are connected to
channels 1 to 16. First Element Pin # must therefore be set to 1 (default).
Figure 6 Type 1 DAAH Adaptor, Single Socket - Hypertronics
TWO PROBES, ONE CONNECTOR USING DUAL SOCKET DAAH ADAPTOR OR EUROPEAN PROBES
In this scenario, two probes are linked to a single connector. This is the case with a Dual Socket DAAH Adaptor,
where one PA connector can be connected to two DAAH heads. On each DAAH connector, the connectivity pattern is
specified on the housing, as shown in the image below. For example, if channels 1 to 44 are connected with
elements 1 to 44 of the first DAAH head and channels 45 to 88 are connected to elements 1 to 44 of the second
DAAH head, then the First Element Pin# is set to 1 for Probe 1 and set to 45 for Probe 2. However, only pins 45
through 64 would be available for usage on a 16:64 device, corresponding to elements 1 to 20 of the second probe.
104
Figure 7 Exam ple of pattern connectivity for a Type 1 DAAH Dual

Adaptor
Figure 8 Type 1 Dual Socket DAAH Adaptor
Pitch-and-catch search units with an embedded wedge also feature one connector linking two probes. The search
unit features two arrays, one for pulsing (TX) and one for receiving (RX), and both are sharing the same connector at
the end. Also, they most likely share the same tubing or multi-coax cable. In that case, the channels are split into two
banks: pulsing and receiving. Usually, pulsing elements 1 to 8 are connected to channels 1 to 8, and receiving
elements 1 to 8 are connected to channels 9 to 16. Thus, First Element Pin # would be set to 1 for the pulsing
elements (probe 1) and set to 9 for the receiving elements (probe 2).
TWO PROBES, TWO CONNECTORS, USING Y-SPLITTER

As with the last scheme, a search unit may include two arrays: one for pulsing and one for receiving. They are
sometimes identified by a TX(pulsing) cable and a RX(receiving) cable. Probes from Germany (IntelligeNDT, IZfP,
BAM, etc.) may feature the letter S for "Sende" (TX) and the letter E for "Empfnger" (RX). Since the Sonatest veo 16:64
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105
has only one PA connector, a Y-splitter adaptor is required. The Y-splitter has two I-PEX plug connectors in order to
accept two probes, and merges the signals into one receptacle connector plugged in the Sonatest veo 16:64.
Similarly to the preceding example, the Y-splitter connectivity pattern must be known for proper operation.
CUSTOM CONNECTIVITY
In order to use different connectivity patterns from the ones described in this document, it is strongly recommended
to contact Sonatest since it may cause severe damage to the instrument.
NOTE ABOUT THE PHASED ARRAY CONNECTOR

The Sonatest veo 16:64 features a minidock plug from I-PEX to connect phased array probes. This connector has a
total of 160 pins. Custom probe adaptors are also available for other types of connectors such as Hypertronics,
TCZIF, ITT Cannon DL5, etc. Contact Sonatest for details.
Figure 9 Minidock Receptacle
When using more than one probe, the probe tab header always shows the current number of probes.
Make sure to properly configure the different parameters for each probe. When using two probes, you
will most likely use two scans in pulse-echo mode, or a single scan in Pitch and Catch mode. Make sure
the scan parameters are also configured accordingly.
106
12.2.8
Nb Elmt Dim1 Dim2 (PA only)
These parameters refer to the number of elements disposed along dimension 1 (X-axis) or dimension 2 (Y-axis).
Figure 10: Nb Elm t Dim 1 and Dim 2
DIMENSION 1
DIMENSION 2
Dimension 1 and 2 refer to the two axes of the probe surface. For a linear (1D) or a 2D matrix probe, dimension 1 is
preferred for the X axis, and dimension 2 for the Y axis. Other manufacturers refer to these as primary and
secondary axis.
We avoid using the X and Y terms because when the probe is rotated (i.e. 90 degrees), the elements along the 1st
dimension will be aligned with another axis (i.e. Y). Using dimension 1 and 2 is less confusing.
12.2.9
Elmt Size Dim1 Dim2
These parameters refer to the size of individual elements along a dimension, either dimension 1 (X-axis) or
dimension 2 (Y-axis).
For round probes, the Diameter parameter replaces both dimension 1 and dimension 2.
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107
Figure 11: Elem ent Size Dim ension 1 and Elem ent Size Dim ension 2
12.2.10 Elmt Offset Dim1 Dim2

These parameters refer to the distance between the corner of the first element and the edge of the probe housing.
These measures can usually be found in the manufacturer specification sheet.
Figure 12: Elem ent Offset Dim ension 1

and Elem ent Offset Dim ension 2
Along dimension 1 (X-axis): Element Offset Dim 1
108
Along dimension 2 (Y-axis): Element Offset Dim 2

The first element is not located at the start of the epoxy (protective layer usually black). To locate the first element
more precisely, we suggest the following formula if this information is not specified by the probe manufacturer.
Please refer to the images below to identify each variable.
For a 1D linear array probe
Elmt Offset Dim 1 = (L - (number of elements Dim 1 * Elmt Pitch Dim 1)) / 2. Where L is the length of the probe
casing.
Elmt Offset Dim 2 = (Width of the probe - Elmt Size Dim 2) / 2.
For a 2D linear array probe
Elmt Offset Dim 2 = (Width of the probe - (number of elements Dim 2 * Elmt Pitch Dim 2)) / 2.
Figure 13: Length and Width of the probe
These parameters will change the representation in 3D View and may infer a misalignment of the probe
and the wedge, or other distortion in positioning.
12.2.11 Elmt Pitch Dim1 Dim2 (PA only)

This parameter refers to the center-to-center distance from one element to the next, for either dimension 1 or
dimension 2. The Element Pitch is usually engraved on the probe casing; otherwise refer to the probe specification
sheet.
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Figure 14: Elem ent Pitch Dim ension 1 and Dim ension 2
1. Large values are unlikely because of the necessary wavelengths in NDE, and because of the beam
deflection capabilities we want to maximize in phased array.
2. The pitch between elements affects the position of the center of each element, and therefore the focal
laws will be affected.
12.2.12 Element Layout (PA only)

Element Layout refers to the position of element # 1 when attached to a wedge. Element #1 is the element where the
first delay is triggered and its position is usually engraved on the probe casing. The available element layouts for 1D
and 2D probes are listed below.
For 1D array probe
LR
Left Row
RR
Right Row
110
For 2D array probe

BL ROW
Bottom Left Row
BR ROW
Bottom Right Row
TL ROW
Top Left Row
TR ROW
Top Right Row
BL COL
Bottom Left Column
BR COL
Bottom Right Column
TL COL
Top Left Column
TR COL
Top Right Column
The proper Element Layout can be identified by looking at the probe from the reference point marked on the wedge by
the element number one. The wedge front needs to be on the right hand side. Then, the top and bottom along with
column and row arrangement can be identified.
Elem ent Layout Reference
1D Linear Array
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Left Row
Right Row
Bottom Left Row
Bottom Right Row
2D Matrix Array
111
112
Top Left Row
Bottom Left Colum n
Top Left Colum n
Bottom Left Colum n
Bottom Right Colum n
Top Left Colum n
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12.2.13 Save Probe

To save the current Probe configuration in the probe database.
12.3
Wedge Menu
The WEDGE menu controls the parameters for the refracting wedge, in case you're using one. You will have multiple
WEDGE menus, one for each probe you're using in your setup.
12.3.1
Load Wedge
To load a predefined Wedge configuration from the wedge database.
12.3.2
Wedge Type
The type of wedge used, if any. Choice is either Angular or Flat wedge. When no wedge is used, select "None".
Figure 15: Exam ple of angular

w edge
12.3.3
Figure 16: Exam ple of flat w edge
Wedge Identifiers
Manufacturer name;
Model number;
Serial number.
This information can be taken from the probe or wedge specifications document, or is sometimes engraved on the
wedge itself.
114
12.3.4
Contact Surface
To select the proper wedge contact surface. If not a planar contact surface, various contoured shape are available
for a curved surfaces such as pipes, tubes, nozzles, axles, billets, etc.
Planar
Axial Concave
Circumferential Concave
Axial Convex
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115
Circumference Convex
12.3.5
Diameter
Refers to the wedge curvature diameter when a curved Contact Surface is selected.
Figure 17: Exam ple of w edge diam eter
The wedge must be contoured to the part diameter for an optimal coupling.
12.3.6
Back Height, Front Height, Height
These parameters define the back and front height of an angular wedge or the height of a flat wedge. The Back
Height parameter is crucial in the exit points calculation. If you are using a special wedge, like a Snail wedge, you
need to measure the Front Height where the slope stop.
With a flat wedge or a delay line, only the Height value is required.
116
Figure 18: Back and front height for a standard w edge
Figure 19: Back and front height for a snail w edge
Figure 20: Height for a flat w edge or delay line
Make sure you select the proper wedge type before setting the height.
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12.3.7
117
Width, Length
Define the area of the wedge in contact with the inspection surface. If you are using a special wedge, like a snail
wedge or a wedge with extra parts, you have to exclude these parts when you measure those values. See example
below, the red part is not included in the length measurement.
Figure 21: Exam ple of w edge w idth and

length
Figure 22: Exam ple of snail w edge w idth

and length m easurem ent. Red part is
excluded
Length value is crucial for the exit points calculation
118
12.3.8
Cut Angle
Refers to the angle of the wedge. Unlike for conventional UT, where the refracted angle is usually used, phased
array use the actual wedge angle.
Figure 23: Cut angle
12.3.9
Roof Angle
Refers to a complementary roof angle of the wedge. Wedges with roof angle are usually used with pitch-and-catch
setups.
Figure 24: Roof Angle
Roof Angle is always measured from the lower corner. When a Roof Angle exists, the Back Height is
measured from the same corner. Roof angles are rarely higher than 30.
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12.3.10 Probe Back Distance, Side Distance

Refer to the distance between the corner of the probe housing and the edge of the wedge.
Figure 25: Exam ple of Probe Back Distance and Probe

Side Distance on an angle w edge.
Probe Back Distance is crucial for the exit points calculation
12.3.11 Probe Inset

Refers to the distance the transducer is recessed into the wedge. It is the actual depth of the hole inside the wedge.
Figure 26: Probe Inset
120
12.3.12 Velocity LW
To set the longitudinal wave velocity in the wedge. The instrument uses this value in order to calculate the proper
wedge refraction and delays.
This information can be taken from the probe or wedge specifications document, often can be found engraved on the
wedge itself or can be measured.
The following table is given as a reference.

Material
LW Velocity
LW Velocity
(mm/s)
(in/s)
Water
1.48
0.0583
Rexolite (Cross linked polystyrene)
2.33
0.0929
Lucite
2.68
0.1055
Plexiglass
2.76
0.1087
Polystyrene
2.67
0.1051
Glycerine
1.92
0.0756
Source: - NDT Resource Center website

- Port Plastics website
We STRONGLY recommend to measure the velocity of the materials you intend to use, both for the
wedge and the part. The resulting delay laws are highly dependent on these velocities. Within a tolerance
of 5%, your acoustic results should not be affected much.
12.3.13 Save Wedge

To save the current Wedge configuration in the wedge database.
12.4
Part Menu
The PART menu controls the parameters of the part you're inspecting.
12.4.1
Material
To select the type of material being inspected. When a material is selected from the list, its longitudinal and shear
wave velocity are automatically set (when using one of the predefined materials). However, the default velocities can
be adjusted manually or by using the Velocity Wizard to match your component more precisely.
If a custom material name is entered in the list, you will need to specify that material velocity manually.
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121
Part Identifiers
12.4.2
Component Name or Type
Serial Number
Location Reference
This information must usually be included in the examination records.
Thickness
12.4.3
Defines the thickness of the component being inspected and displayed in the 3D view.
Figure 27: Thickness
When performing TOFD inspections, the thickness value is used to adjust the ruler properly. A wrong
thickness value can lead to false measurements.
12.4.4
Velocity LW SW
The sound velocity of the material being inspected. A default value is attributed according to the selected material,
but this value can be changed by overwriting it manually or by using the velocity calibration wizard.
Material
Longitudinal Velocity
Shear Velocity
in/s
mm/s
in/s
mm/s
Aluminum
0.249
6.32
0.123
3.13
AL 1100-0
0.250
6.35
0.122
3.10
AL 2014
0.249
6.32
0.121
3.07
AL 2024-T4
0.014
6.38
0.124
3.16
AL 2117-T4
0.256
6.50
0.123
3.12
Berylium
0.508
12.90
0.35
8.88
Brass
0.173
4.39
0.083
2.12
Bronze
0.139
3.53
0.088
2.23
Cadmium
0.109
2.77
0.059
1.50
Copper
0.183
4.66
0.089
2.26
Glass (plate)
0.227
5.77
0.135
3.43
Glycerine
0.076
1.93
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Gold
0.128
3.25
0.047
1.19
Inconel
0.229
5.82
0.119
3.02
Iron
0.232
5.89
0.127
3.23
Iron, cast
0.138
3.50
0.087
2.20
Lead
0.085
2.16
0.028
0.70
Magnesium
0.230
5.84
0.12
3.05
Nickel
0.222
5.64
0.117
2.97
Silver
0.142
4.62
0.063
1.59
Steel, 302
0.223
5.66
0.123
3.12
Steel, 347
0.226
5.74
0.122
3.09
Steel, 410
0.212
5.39
0.118
2.99
Steel, 1020
0.232
5.89
0.128
3.24
Steel, 1095
0.232
5.90
0.126
3.19
Titanium
0.239
6.07
0.130
3.31
Zinc
0.164
4.17
0.095
2.41
Zirconium
0.183
4.65
0.087
2.22
12.4.5
Cal Block Type
The calibration block used. It is not mandatory to use one of the predefined blocks, simply define a new one if it is
not available in the list.
IIW-Type 1*
IIW-Type 2
Mini IIW-2
DC
Menus
SC
DS
DSC
4-Step
5-Step
10-Step
Tipsy Step
Mini Resolution
123
124
V1/5 (A2)
V2 (A4)
30 FBH
Resolution Block
ASTM E317, Hori.

& Verti. Lin.
ASTM E317,
Resolution
AWS Resolution
Type MAB Mini

Angle Beam
Navships Test
IOW Beam Profile
Menus
*Images provided courtesy of PH Tool Reference Standards
12.4.6
Cal Block Serial
The calibration block serial number.
12.4.7
Weld Type
The weld geometry being inspected.

Single V: Left and Right side of weld are identical
Figure 28: Exam ple of single V w eld. Left and right side are identical.
Single V Asymmetric: Left and Right side of weld can be different.
Figure 29: Exam ple of single V w eld. Left and right side are different
Double V: Left and Right side of weld are identical. Bottom and top are different.
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126
Figure 30: Exam ple of double V w eld. Left and right side are identical.
Bottom and top can be different.
Double V Asymmetric: Left and Right side of weld can be different. Bottom and top are different.
Figure 31: Exam ple of asym etrical double V w eld. Left and Right side of
can be different. Bottom and top are different
Double V Mirror: Left and Right side of weld are identical. Bottom and top are identical.
Figure 32: Exam ple of double V m irror w eld. Left and right side are
identical. Bottom and top can are identical.
Double V Mirror Asymmetric: Left and Right side of weld can be different. Bottom and top are identical.
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Figure 33: Exam ple of asym etric m irror double V w eld. Left and right
side are different. Bottom and top are identical.
12.4.8
Weld Root Gap
The root gap distance of the weld.
Figure 34: Exam ple of root gap dim ension
12.4.9
Weld Bevel Width
A read only parameter indicating the total width of the top of the weld, and the bottom of the weld respectively.
Figure 35: Exam ple of root face height in a w eld
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12.4.10 Weld Root Face Left, Right

A read only parameter indicating the height of the root face on each side of the weld.
Figure 36: Exam ple of root face height in a w eld
12.4.11 Weld Widths

The width of the weld measured from the weld center.
Figure 37: Exam ple of w eld w idth m easurem ent
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12.4.12 Weld Angles

The bevel angles of the weld according to its geometry.
Figure 38: Exam ple of bevel angles on a w eld
12.4.13 Weld Heights

A read only parameter indicating the height at which the bevel starts inside the weld. The height is measured from
top and bottom following the weld geometry.
Figure 39: Exam ple of bevel height m easurem ent
12.5
Scan Menu
The SCAN menu controls the parameters for the scan to be achieved. It's essentially controlling what ultrasound you
want to generate and how the Data Acquisition (DAQ) will be performed.
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12.5.1
Scan Type
Allows to select among Sectorial, Linear, Mono or TOFD scan. Each scan is configured either in Pulse-Echo (PE)
mode or Pitch-and-Catch (P&C) mode, except for TOFD scans which always are used in Pitch-and-Catch. Each type
of scan is described below:
SECTORIAL SCAN
The sectorial scan, also called azimuthal scan or more commonly S-scan, is a cross-sectional image of the
inspected volume. It represents an angular coverage of the volume under the probe.
LINEAR SCAN
The linear scan, commonly called L-scan, is represented on screen as a parallelogram view, directly under the probe
or at a specific angle. The L-scan is generated by multiple A-scans at the same transmitted angle, but from different
exit points. A small group of elements are activated to generate each beam (focal law), and the group of elements
moves along the elements array for each subsequent beam.
MONO SCAN
The mono scan refers to the conventional A-scan representation, using a single reception element. The A-scan is a
waveform representing the amplitude of the ultrasound signal as a function of time or distance of propagation.
Echoes become apparent as soon as reflectors occur on the travel path of the ultrasound wavefront. A reflector may
be a defect, such as a crack, but most of the time you get echoes from bouncing waves on component geometry (i.e.
weld root).
TOFD SCAN
The Time-of-Flight-Diffraction (TOFD) scan involves a pitch-and-catch setup of conventional UT probes where data is
generally displayed using a gray-scale B-scan.
When selecting Pitch and Catch mode, don't forget to define the TX (transmission) and RX (reception)
probe with the Probe TX and Probe RX parameters. Because of the number of elements on phased array
probes, it is also possible to do pitch and catch on a single probe by setting correctly the First and last
active elements for TX and RX parameters.
12.5.2
Gain
The Gain parameter controls the actual gain, in decibels (dB), applied to the receivers.
The Reference Gain is the actual reference level based on reflector responses. The value of the Reference Gain is
automatically set to the current Gain when activating the "Set Ref Gain" button. For example, if Ref Gain is initially 0dB
and Gain is 10dB, pressing "Set Ref Gain" changes the Ref Gain value to reflect the current Gain, i.e. 10dB.
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12.5.3
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Focalisation
You can choose between three (3) types of focalisation. These define how the theoretical focal point will be moving,
from one beam to another.
For sectorial scanning, you can choose between Constant Path, Constant Depth or Constant Offset focalisations.
Constant PATH is always good to start with, to give a first try on your component;
Figure 40: Exam ple of constant path focalisation
Constant DEPTH is practical when you're tracking for defects in a cladding or at the internal diameter of a largediameter component;
Figure 41: Exam ple of constant depth focalisation
Constant OFFSET is useful for scanning the side-wall or center of a weld in an AWS or API code context.
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Figure 42: Exam ple of constant offset focalisation
In linear scanning, the only focalisation type available is Constant Depth focusing.
Figure 43: Exam ple of constant depth

focalisation w ith a L-scan
In a LINEAR scan, a given number of elements are activated over the full array. With each new beam, an element is
deactivated and another one is activated. This type of scan is also known as electronic scanning. The scanning
always occurs at a constant angle and at a constant focal depth.
12.5.4
Focal Distance
The distance at which the focal point should be positioned, relative to a certain reference.
Depending on your scan focalisation type, this parameter will be referenced as:
an ultrasound path relative to the index point,

if it's a constant path scan.
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133
a path,
if it's a constant depth scan
an offset relative to the back of the wedge (or center of the exit points if no wedge is used),
if it's a constant offset scan
a depth,
if it's a linear scan
12.5.5
Resolution
Defines the angular step between each beam in the S-scan. An angular resolution of 0.5 means 0.5 separate
each beam.
The RESOLUTION will affect the size of the scans. Therefore, it will also affect acquisition speed, power
consumption and recording file sizes.
12.5.6
Start, Stop Angle (S-Scan)
The Start Angle and Stop Angle define the pie shape of your S-scan. You can determine the shape by entering values
from -90 to +90. For example, if the start angle is -45 and the stop angle +45, you will get a 90-degree scan pie.
The angles supplied are theoretical angles. When the resulting beams (focal laws) are programmed in a
phased array system, the effective angles might be altered because of system delay resolution or
velocity variation.
The Start and Stop Angle will affect the size of the scans. Therefore, it will also affect the acquisition
speed, the power consumption and the total size of the analysis file.
12.5.7
Angle (L-Scan)
The Angle defines the direction of focusing of your L-scan. It changes the shape of the parallelogram. The delays for
each focal law will be adjusted to steer the resulting angle for each set of active elements.
The angles supplied are theoretical angles. When the resulting beams (focal laws) are programmed in a
phased array system, the effective angles might be altered because of system delay resolution or
velocity variation.
Steering the Angle too far away from the 0 degree mark will result in weaker signals.
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12.5.8
Number of Active Elements (L-Scan)
This parameter refers to the number of active elements used when sweeping over the full array of a Linear scan (Lscan). The number of active elements used to form the ultrasound beam is also referred as the active aperture. The
active aperture is then less than the full probe aperture, defined by the surface populated by all elements.
A balance must be struck by applying the following rule of thumb:
- Using more active elements creates a smaller focal spot and shorter depth of focus;
- Using less active elements creates a longer but wider depth of focus.
The Sonatest veo 16:64 can go up to 16 active elements for high volume resolutions that precisely map and size
flaws, especially in conjunction with the SONATEST Wheel Probe.
This parameter automatically affects how many beams will be created in the L-scan. The formula to calculate the
number of beams is:
- Nb of BEAMS = Nb of Elmts - Nb of Active Elmt + 1
For example, it could be: 32 elements - 8 active elements + 1 = 25 beams
Using DOUBLE RESOLUTION will generate twice more beams with the half index point shift.
12.5.9
Start, Range, Stop Path
The Start Path and Range Path parameters define your sampling window. It tells the system when to start sampling
your A-scans and for how long, for all beams in the scan. The Stop Path is a read-only parameter indicating where
the acquisition path actually ends (simply the sum of Start Path and Range). Hence, a Start Path of 10mm with a
Range of 60mm results in a Stop Path of 70mm.
The Start Path and Range Path value can be represented either as a time (microseconds) or as a distance
(millimeters or inches), depending on the Travel Mode selection. If the Travel Mode is "Full Path" or "Half Path", the
value is displayed in mm or in. If the Travel Mode is "Full Time" or "Half Time", the value is displayed in
microseconds.
12.5.10 Delay Offset

Additional delay added to the delay line for fine-grained adjustments.
12.5.11 Lateral Wave Offset (TOFD)

The offset, in s, from the start of the scan to the position of the lateral wave. This offset is always positive. Changing
this parameters will move the green visual indicator in the associated A-scan.
Both offsets are used to correct the position of the TOFD depth ruler.
12.5.12 Backwall Offset (TOFD)

The offset, in s, from the end of the scan to the position of the back wall. This offset is always negative. Changing
this parameters will move the green visual indicator in the associated A-scan.
Both offsets are used to correct the position of the TOFD depth ruler.
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135
12.5.13 Wave Mode

Specifies which wave mode will be generated in the inspected material: longitudinal waves (LW) or shear/transverse
waves (SW). Selecting the proper wave mode is required in order to calculate the proper refraction, attenuation and
delays.
The velocity used by this scan will be the LW Velocity or SW Velocity that was entered in the PART menu.
12.5.14 Travel Mode

This parameter refers to the ultrasonic wave travel mode. It affects all measurements made for this scan. The
possible types of measurements are:
Full Path: Round-trip distance (mm or in)

Half Path: One-way distance (mm or in)
Full Time: Round-trip time (s)
Half Time: One-way time (s)
The travel mode changes how the Start Path and Range Path values are measured. When the Travel Mode is Full
Path or Half Path, the Path values will be measured as a distance. When the Travel Mode is Full Time or Half Time,
the Path values will be measured as a time delay.
To switch between millimeters and inches, change the global Unit System parameter in Preferences.
12.5.15 PRF
The pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is also called the firing rate. It refers to the number of pulses transmitted per
unit of time, in Hz. The PRF is adjusted according the number of ultrasound beams (focal laws) in order to get the
smoothest A-scan and S-scan rendering possible. In other words, the PRF determines how often the system
triggers high-voltage on all 16 channels, and it also defines how often the system samples the signals on each 16
channels.
To avoid ghost echoes, the echo from one pulse must be received before the next pulse is emitted. This condition is
met when:
PRF < 1 / [(start path + range) * sub-sampling]
The Sonatest veo 16:64 can operate at a PRF of up to 20 000 Hz in phased-array, and up to 10 000 Hz in
conventional.
The device can display a full sectorial scan (S-scan) at up to 60 Hz on the screen.
The PRF is limited by the "Inspection:Frame Rate" in non-encoded inspections.

Use the lowest possible PRF as often as you can since it saves power and lowers the occurrence of
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acoustic phantom echoes caused by the part geometry.
12.5.16 Sub-Sampling
You can use sub-sampling in order to reduce the size of your scans, hence reducing the resulting file size. When the
sub-sampling is activated, the software keeps the most significant sample in a certain ratio of samples, while
rejecting the least significant ones. For example, a ratio of 1:4 means 1 sample is kept for every 4 samples acquired.
The chosen sample always is the one with the maximal amplitude.
The possible ratio values are:
1:1
1:2
1:4
1:8
1:16
1:32
1:64
1:128
12.5.17 Smoothing
The smoothing allows you to pre-filter the signal with a low-pass filter during signal processing.
Smoothing, like filtering, affects the A-scan signals and all the imaging. Therefore, one may be careful
when selecting the proper smoothing mode. Typically, the smoothing will affect the dead zone, meaning
that each echo signal will decay down to zero after some period of time. You should make sure that
shallow echo signals such as tip diffraction and corner reflection are discernable enough for your sizing
requirements. The use of a filter will affect raw data during a recording.
12.5.18 Averaging (Mono)

Allows to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of a conventional A-scan by selecting one of seven levels of averaging.
Hence, for an averaging value of 1:4, the unit will acquire four times a given sample, sum the values of this sample
and divide the sum by four. The resultant value will be displayed in real-time.
High averaging values can significantly slow down the acquisition speed, since the entire
acquisition is performed multiple times. For instance, an averaging value of 1:4 require the
unit to acquire the same beam four times before displaying it, resulting in a longer processing
time and higher power consumption per resulting beam.
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12.5.19 Filter
Select amongst the list of band-pass filters
FILTERING ISSUES
Using filters has pros and cons. They provide a smoother signal variation because they clean some background
noise from the A-scan signals, but the drawback is that they can eliminate weak signals related to defects. Therefore,
they must be used with caution.
The recommended value when starting a new applications is "Automatic", which lets the Sonatest veo 16:64 select
the proper frequency band according to the probe frequency. Otherwise, the Sonatest veo 16:64 provides several
band-pass filters. It is recommended to select the proper filter very early in your application setup process, and to
leave that parameter constant for all subsequent inspections of the same nature to have comparable data.
Filters affect the amplitude of the received signal. It is then necessary to select the appropriate filter
before performing any calibration.
12.5.20 Signal Rectification

The Rectification changes the signal display of the A-scan. The most common setups use either the Full Wave (fully
rectified signal) or RF Waveform (complete sinusoidal wave) modes.
The Rectification parameter has an impact on the full screen height (FSH) display. If the rectification is Full, the
amplitude will vary from 0 to 100 % FSH. If the rectification is None, the amplitude will vary from -100 to 100 % FSH.
- None: Non-rectified waveform (RF waveform)

- Unipolar +: Positive half-wave rectification
- Unipolar -: Negative half-wave rectification
- Full: Fully rectified waveform
Rectification alters both displayed and recorded signals.

No smoothing can be applied when the rectification is set to None (RF Waveform), Unipolar+ or Unipolar-.
12.5.21 IFT Active

Enables part interface triggering for this scan.
12.5.22 IFT Gate Start

Delay after the acquisition start, where the device should search for interface of the part. Also controllable through the
IFT gate in the A-Scan.
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12.5.23 IFT Gate Range

Lapse of time to search for the part interface. Also controllable through the IFT gate in the A-Scan.
12.5.24 IFT Gate Threshold

Threshold, in %FSH, to consider for the interface trigger. Also controllable through the IFT gate in the A-Scan.
12.5.25 Probe TX, Probe RX

Identifies the probe used for transmission (TX) and the probe used in reception (RX) for the scan. In Pulse-Echo
mode, the same probe is used for both transmission and reception, while typical Pitch-and-Catch and Through
Transmission setups involve two (2) probes.
12.5.26 First, Last Elmt TX/RX

These parameters tell the device what elements to activate to perform the scan. For both TX an RX probes, you need
to set the first and the last element to be activated. All the elements in that range will be activated. The first element
position is the reference for all the parameters affecting the focal laws.
In Pitch & Catch and Through Transmission modes, the maximum number of active elements in TX or RX
cannot exceed eight elements.
12.5.27 Double Resolution

In the case of a LINEAR scan, you can choose to have use a doubled resolution. Enabling DOUBLE RESOLUTION
will result in twice the number of beams (minus 1). This should provide you with a better lateral resolution of
reflectors.
The double resolution works as following:
1. The NB ACTIVE ELMT parameter determines a given number of activated elements over the full array for the first
beam (i.e. 8 elements).
2. For the second beam (focal law), one element is deactivated; 7 elements are now activated (note that this beam
has 1/8th less acoustic energy).
3. For the following beam, the next element is activated; 8 elements are now activated. And so on...
The formula to calculate the number of beams with a double resolution is:
(Nb of Elmt - Nb of Active Elmt + 1) x 2
For example, it could be:
(32 elements - 8 active elements + 1) x 2 = 50 beams
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12.5.28 Probe Center Spacing (TOFD)

In TOFD, tells the distance between the beam exit point of each probe (PCS). This is a result of the chosen
Geometry:Index Offset parameters of each probe.
12.5.29 Beams Qty

This parameter is read-only and shows the number of beams forming the scan (S-scan or L-scan).
For a sectorial scan (S-scan), the number of beams can be modified through the ANGULAR RESOLUTION, START
ANGLE or STOP ANGLE. For a linear scan (L-scan), the number of beams is a result of the FIRST ELEMENT RX,
LAST ELEMENT RX, NB ACTIVE ELMT and DOUBLE RESOLUTION.
A phased array beam is just like any other ultrasound beam. It has a near field, a focal spot, a focal length, and a
certain width. It can eventually feature side-lobes or grating lobes because of the periodicity of the array or because
of elements being too large for the wavelength.
A phased array instrument like the Sonatest veo 16:64 can generate a lot of beams sequentially, thanks to its ultrafast beamformer (the unit that "forms the beams"). The beamformer needs a lot of parameters in order to form each
beam. We call this set of parameters a focal law. And in order to generate a scan constituted of many beams, the
beamformer needs just as many focal laws.
NOTE: Whenever you see this expression, you can imagine "beam parameter set". Remember that a focal
law doesn't necessarily mean an angle, because in the context of a L-scan, all beams use the same angle,
but centered at another index point. For simplicity, Sonatest sometimes uses the expression BEAM instead
of focal law.
Each beam includes a set of time delays that we call the delay law, which is calculated to focus the acoustic energy
at the requested angle and focal point.
12.5.30 Samples Qty

The number of measurement points of the A-Scan. This quantity depends on the Start Path, the Stop Path, the
Acquisition Frequency and the Sub-sampling values.
The resulting number of samples is recalculated when changing the parameters. For example, if we change the
Acquisition Frequency from 100 MHz (2.5 ns) to 50 MHz (5 ns), the number of samples changes (half as much in this
case).
The Sonatest veo 16:64 samples the ultrasound echo signals at up to 100 MHz for Phase Array and up to 200MHz for
conventional UT. Therefore, the achievable delay resolution is 2.5 ns, which is adequate for probes up to about 13 or
15 MHz.
For recording long metal-path scans, use sub-sampling to limit the amount of data transferred and to respect the
maximum number of samples allowed.
This parameter is read-only.
12.5.31 Path Resolution

A read-only parameter indicating the number of sample per millimeter or per inches. The Path Resolution is
basically the Sample Qty divided by the sound path length. It is a quick way to determine if the proper acquisition
frequency and sub-sampling value have been properly selected.
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12.5.32 Equivalent Reflector Size

The ERS (Equivalent Reflector Size) is shown when a DGS calibration has been performed.
It allows specification of the size of defects that should be reported, such that a signal at 0 dB relative to the DGS
curve will be sized equal to this ERS value. It can be adjusted within limits specified by the current DGS setup and
will cause a recalculation of the DGS curve.
ERS is sometimes referred to as the Registration Level.
12.6
Geometry
GEOMETRY parameters are used to specify how probes are positioned in relation to each other, and where the
group of probes is located on the part to inspect
12.6.1
Probe Scan/Index Offset
The distance between the group reference point and the wedge/probe reference along the scan or index axis.
Figure 44: Exam ple Scan and Index Offset
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12.6.2
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Probe Rotation
Orientation of the probe relative to the scan axis.
12.6.3
Enc Area CL Position
Offset of the Encoding Area from the part datum, in the direction of the center line.
12.6.4
Enc Area CL Offset
Offset of the Encoding Area from the part datum, away from the center line.
12.6.5
Enc Area Rotation
Rotation applied to the Encoding Area. This parameter rotates both the Scan Axis and the Index Axis clockwise.
12.7
Encoding Menu
The ENCODING menu controls the parameters for each connected encoder and specifies for the recording
sequence and area.
12.7.1
Encoding Setup
To select the kind of encoder setup being used. An encoding setup can be performed on the scan axis (one axis) or
on both scan and index axes (two axes).
12.7.2
Encoders Name
Tto identify the encoders being used. Encoders are generally identified by manufacturer or model name.
12.7.3
Scan/Index Axis Name
To specify a custom axis name to make your file more understandable.
12.7.4
Scan/Index Encoder Type
The type of encoder used for each axis. TheSonatest veo 16:64 supports quadrature encoders and also offers a
manual entry mode. Both modes are described below.
Quadrature encoder
This type of encoder uses two output channels (A and B) to sense the position. Each channel corresponds to one
track within the encoder. Both tracks are 90 degrees out of phase. The leading track will determine the direction of the
encoder (clockwise or counter-clockwise). The number of pulses and the relative phases of both channels provide
enough information to track both the position and the direction of rotation.
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Manual
This mode is available when a one axis encoder (scan axis only) is used. The increment on the index axis direction
is performed manually using a button.
12.7.5
Scan/Index Encoder Resolution
To set the encoder resolution specific to each axis. The encoder resolution is defined by the number of ticks
triggered per millimeter (or inch). The encoder resolution is usually specified in the encoder specification sheet.
12.7.6
Scan/Index Start Position
Define the position from where the data recording starts. The scan and Index Start Position are referenced to the
datum, which is the (0,0) reference point on the part.
12.7.7
Scan/Index Distance
Represents the distance, relative to the start position, over which data will be acquired while moving the probe over
the inspected part. Along with the Index and Scan Start Positions, it defines the encoding area.
12.7.8
Scan/Index Stop Position
Read only parameters indicating the position, relative to the Scan and/or Index Start Position, where the encoding
area ends and data stops being acquired.
12.7.9
Scan/Index Step
Allow to define the distance between each acquired point on an axis. It is the acquisition resolution of that axis. For
example, if the Scan Step is set at 1 millimeter, the unit will acquire a new scan every 1 millimeter.
The scan step and index step directly affect the final data file size and the scanning speed. If you
experience issues with the data file size being too large or the scanning speed being sluggish, you can
increase the Step value, or revisit one of the following settings:
Using Sub-Sampling
Using a lower Acquisition Frequency or PRF
Reducing the Range Path
Increasing the Angular Resolution (which reduces the number of beams)
Reducing the Index and/or Scan Distance
Increasing the Index and/or Scan Step
12.7.10 Scan/Index Invert Dir

The Invert Direction parameters indicate if the encoder count should be reversed on the scan or index axis. When this
parameter is enabled, the position given by that encoder will be considered as positive when the encoder reports a
negative position, and vice-versa.
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12.7.11 Reset Position

Reset the position of the encoders to the origin.
12.7.12 Data File Size

A read only parameter indicating the expected file size according to your current settings. File size can be reduced by
Using the Sub-Sampling

Using a lower Acquisition Frequency and PRF
Reducing the Range Path
Increasing the angular Resolution (which reduces the number of beams)
For an encoded setup

Reducing the Index and/or Scan Distance
Increasing the Index and/or Scan Step
12.7.13 Max Enc Speed

Evaluation of the maximal encoding speed based on the physical limitation when working at 100% duty cycle.
12.8
Calibrate Menu
The CALIBRATE menu contains all calibrations that can be performed by the device. Most calibrations can only be
performed in acquisition (PLAY) mode.
12.8.1
Velocity Wizard
Helps to determine the material velocity, by using 2 reflectors. See the "Wizards" section of the manual for details.
12.8.2
Wedge Delay Wizard
Adjusts the delay incurred by the wedge degradation. See the "Wizards" section of the manual for details.
12.8.3
Sensitivity/ACG Wizard
Calibrates and normalizes the sensitivity of each beam (focal law) of a Phased Array scan. See the "Wizards" section
of the manual for details.
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12.8.4
TCG/DAC/DGS Wizard (Curves)
Calibrates various kinds of curves to display in the A-Scan.

TCG: Time-Corrected Gain. The device increases or reduces the gain progressively to correct the attenuation in
the material and/or the effect of focussing.
DAC: Distance-Amplitude Curves. The device displays curves to indicate the level at which indications need to be
considered by the inspector, by using detections from reflectors. These curves work like detection gates, but are
curves to compensate for the attenuation in the material and/or the effect of focussing.
DGS: Distance-Gain-Size Curves. The device displays curves to indicate the level at which indications need to be
considered by the inspector, by using empirical values. These curves work like detection gates, but compensate
for the attenuation in the material.
See the "Wizards" section of the manual for details.
12.8.5
Encoder Wizard
Guided detection of the encoder resolution. Use when the encoder specification is not available. See the "Wizards"
section of the manual for details.
12.8.6
Element Check Wizard
Checks the sensitivity of each individual element of a phased array probe. See the "Wizards" section of the manual
for details.
12.8.7
Clear Calibrations
Resets to zero one or all calibrations that were performed for the current configuration file.
12.9
Preferences Menu
The PREFERENCES menu is where global device settings are located.
12.9.1
Media Browser
Enter the file management media browser to copy and move configurations, recordings and report files.
12.9.2
Language
The language used by the device.
12.9.3
Unit System
Changes the representation of measures taken by the device. Either Metric (millimeters) or Imperial (inches).
Menus
12.9.4
145
Keep Measures
Locks the measurements display in PLAY mode.

When Enabled, measures are always displayed in the top area of the screen when views are displayed.
When Disabled, the measurements panel is replaced by the menu tabs when focus is inside the menu, i.e. after
pressing MENU or when editing parameters. Press VIEW or CURSOR to show measures.
12.9.5
Default Palette
The default palette used when creating new views, i.e. when switching layouts. (TOFD views are always greyscale.)
12.9.6
Date Format
The preferred Date Format used in the Unit Status Indicator and in Reports.
12.9.7
System Date/Time
Shows a popup window to specify a new system date and time.
12.9.8
UI Color
Select a bright or dark theme for the user interface for indoor or outdoor use .
12.9.9
Networking
To connect your device to a network, the following parameters are available:

DHCP
IP Address
Net Mask
MAC Address (read-only)
In some networking environments, using DHCP is often the easiest options. However, some enterprise networks
require manual configuration or special authorizations to access the network. Please contact your local IT
administrator if you wish to connect this device to the network.
12.9.10 VNC Enabled

Enables remote desktop access through the network.
12.9.11 VNC Password

Changes the password used for the remote desktop access.
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12.9.12 Video Out

To enable the video output, the device must be booted with the external screen or projector already plugged in.
12.9.13 Software Version

Displays the version number of the last software update.
12.9.14 Hardware Version

Internal hardware module revisions.
12.9.15 Last Calibration

Date of the last device calibration performed by SONATEST.
12.9.16 Support Console

Displays advanced support options. Use as directed by one of our support agents.
12.10 View Menu

The VIEW menu contains settings to manage the current view display features. The current view is the one indicated
in BLUE in the lower-left corner of the display. Press
to toggle between views.
12.10.1 View Orientation

Controls the display orientation of the view, i.e. whether the view is flipped or not.
12.10.2 Add Cursor

Shows a pop-up window to select the new type of cursor to add in the current view.
12.10.3 Top, Bottom, Left, Right Rulers

Enables the display of individual rulers in the current view.
12.10.4 Circular Ruler (S-Scan)

In the sectorial scan, displays markers for each angle.
12.10.5 Horizontal, Vertical Grid (A-Scan)

In the A-Scan, enables a grid display.
Menus
147
12.10.6 Envelope
In Envelope mode, the highest signal is kept over a period of time. To reset the envelope, simply disable and reenable the envelope option.
12.10.7 Part Overlay

Available in some views, it enables the display of a thickness overlay, as well as the weld display, as configured in
the Part menu.
12.10.8 Skip Qty

The maximum number of reflections (part skips) to display in the view.
12.10.9 View Palette

The color palette used to represent the amplitude or the depth in views.
12.10.10 Palette Position

Position of the color palette ruler. Select "None" to hide the palette ruler.
12.10.11 Show Measures

Enables the display of various cursor measurement overlays in the view area. Disable to increase the viewable area.
12.10.12 Show DAC (A-Scan)

Shows or hides the DAC Curve in the A-Scan view. Only available if a DAC curve was created by using the DAC
wizard.
12.10.13 Show DGS (A-Scan)

Shows or hides the DGS Curve in the A-Scan view. Only available if a DGS curve was created by using the DGS
wizard.
12.10.14 Depth/Amplitude Mode (Cumulated views)

In TOP or END views, chooses the extraction mode of the ultrasound data, i.e. what the color palette represents.
In "Amplitude" mode, an envelope of all frames is created, from the selected point of view (TOP, END). The color
represents the highest sample encountered in the area.
In "Depth" mode, the color represents the distance, or depth, of the highest peak sample in the area, from the
selected point of view (TOP, END). The highest palette values then represent the farthest or deepest distance from
our point of view.
148
12.10.15 View Scrolling Mode (Encoded views)

Choose the scrolling mode of the view, either Stacking or Smooth.
12.10.16 Frame Start/Range (Encoded views)

When zooming into encoded views, this represents the beginning frame number and the number of frames being
displayed.
12.10.17 IFT Culling

Keep only the samples past the IFT gate (Interface Triggering).
12.11 Cursor Menu

Displays the position and other properties of the current gate or cursors. Only available in acquisition or analysis
mode (PLAY). It can quickly be accessed by pressing the F2 / INFO key.
12.11.1 Name
Unique identifier of the current cursor or gate.
12.11.2 Type
Type of cursor. See section Adding Cursors in the Quick Start Guide for a detailed description of each type of cursor.
12.11.3 Focal Law (L-Scan)

For angular cursors in the L-Scan, specifies the index of the selected focal law (starting at 1).
12.11.4 Angle (S-Scan)

For angular cursors in the S-Scan, specifies the selected angle, in degrees.
12.11.5 Sound Path

Distance, in mm, inches or s, from the probe exit point to the cursor position. It can represent the full distance
(round-trip) or half distance, depending on the selected "Scan:Travel Mode" setting.
12.11.6 Depth
True depth, in mm or inches, of the cursor from the part surface.
Menus
149
12.11.7 Level / Threshold

Amplitude level of the gate alarm, in % FSH. When a Top or End view is extracted from a box cursor, this parameter
also controls the threshold under which samples are ignored, which helps reduce noise.
12.11.8 Surface Distance

Horizontal distance, on the surface, starting from the wedge reference point (
section for details.
). See the Wedge References
12.11.9 Enc Scan Axis

In encoded views, position of the cursor on the Scan Encoder axis.
12.11.10 Enc Index Axis

In encoded views, position of the cursor on the Index Encoder axis.
12.11.11 Gate Follow Peak

The gate automatically centers itself on the peak. When the gate does not detect a peak in its range, it automatically
moves towards the highest peak in the A-Scan.
12.11.12 Color
Color of the cursor or gate.
12.11.13 Delete Cursor

Deletes the current cursor from the view. Some cursors can't be deleted, especially if a view is extracted from it (ex:
angular extractor).
To add a cursor, use the ADD CURSOR button of the View menu.
150
13
Examples
13.1
Example of Phased Array Setup
The example presented in this section guides you in a step by step fashion to create a "Phased Array" setup, proceed
with calibration, inspect and gather data, analyze your data and make your measurements.
This scenario starts with a pre-configured example configuration file, which minimizes the number of parameters to
modify, it is also possible to start from any type of setup and reconfigure parameters.
This is a simplified workflow, it does not show you all the veo capabilities.
13.1.1
Load the configuration
1. Press stop (
), then load (
).
2. This demo usese a Type 1 "PE-5.0M32E0.8P" probe with a "T1-35W0D" wedge.

3. At this time, you should have this screen in front of you:
4. If the selected drive is not the internal drive (
), press the
5. Press the
"Example_T1_ PE-5.0M32E0.8P_T1-35W0D-REXO.utcfg".
6. Press
key to swap media.
) to navigate and select the
Examples
151
*
If you do not have this probe and wedge, select a setup that looks similar to your probe and wedge, review
all parameters in probe and wedge menu to ensure your setup is relevant (or use the "Probe:Load..." and "Wedge:
Load..." to load your probe and wedge from the database).
13.1.2
Modify the configuration
1. With the example file that you just opened, parameters of the "Inspection", "Probe" and "Wedge" menus do not
need to be modified. To navigate in the various menus, press the
and
arrow keys. Press
or
, or rotate
your finger around the OK button, to move up or down in the menu. Press
2. Review parameters of the "Part" menu, the most important being :
Part: SW Velocity
Part: LW Velocity
Part: Thickness
Part: Weld (type)
3. Press PLAY (
4. Review the parameters in "Scan" menu, the most important being :

Scan: dB (Gain)
152
Scan: Focal Dist

Scan: Start Angle
Scan: Stop Angle
Scan: Start Path
Scan: Range Path
5. To setup an encoder see section: "Setting up an Encoder" (optional).
6. To perform calibrations, move to "Calibration" Tab and select the appropriate wizard (optional).
13.1.3
Making Measurements
1. Move your probe so that a reflector goes through the extractor (maximize the reflector amplitude in the A-Scan).
2. Press PAUSE (
) to freeze your screen.
3. Press the "gate" (
) key once to select the "Gate 1".
) to move the selected "gate".
5. To change the "gate" size, press
13.1.4
).
Record Data
1. Position your probe at its start position.

2. Press REC (
).
3. Move your probe towards the end of your part, while applying constant pressure with the couplant.
4. Press stop (
).
5. Edit the file name by using phone style editing.

6. Press
to accept filename and save the file.
Examples
13.1.5
Open analysis file
1. Press load (
), you will see this screen appear:

4. Press
6. Press LAYOUT (
8. Press the
key to swap media.
) to navigate and select the file you just saved (with the extension *.utdata).
5. Press PLAY (
7. Press
), press the
) to change to analysis mode.

) to change the view organization.
to see the available choices, then use the click wheel (
to select frame position, use the click wheel (
9. To create a report, press save (
), select "Report", then press
) to select the appropriate layout.
) to change frame.
twice.
153
154
13.2
Example of Conventional UT Setup
The example presented in this section guides you through a step by step fashion to create a "Conventional UT"
setup, proceed with calibration, inspect and make your measurements.
13.2.1
1. Press stop (
), then load (
).
2. At this time, you will be presented with this screen:
), press the
4. Press the
"Example_Conventional_Pulse_Echo.utcfg" file.
key to swap media.
Examples
5. Press
13.2.2
155
1. With the example file that you just opened, parameters of the "Inspection" menu do not need to be modified. To
navigate in the various menus, press the
and
arrow keys. Press
or
, or rotate your finger around the
OK button, to move up or down in the menu. Press
2. Review the parameters of the "Probe" menu, the most important being :
Probe: Type
Probe: Frequency
Probe: Connected to
Probe: Elmt Diameter
3. Review the parameters of the "Wedge" menu, the most important being :
Wedge: Type
Wedge: Wave Mode (the refracted angle is given for SW or LW)
Wedge: Refracted Angle
4. Review the parameters of the "Part" menu, the most important being :
Part: SW Velocity
Part: LW Velocity
Part: Thickness
5. Press PLAY (
6. Review the parameters of the "Scan" menu, the most important being :
Scan: dB (Gain)
Scan: Start Path
Scan: Range Path
156
Scan: Delay Offset
13.2.3
Making Measurements
1. Move your probe until you can see a deflector. Maximize the reflector amplitude in the A-Scan.
2. Press PAUSE (
) to change freeze your screen.
3. Press the "gate" (
) key once to select "Gate 1".
) to move the selected gate.
5. To change the gate size, press
13.3
, then change its size by using the click wheel (
).
Example of TOFD Setup
The example presented in this section guides you in a step by step fashion to create a "TOFD" setup, proceed with
calibration, inspect and gather data, analyze your data and make your measurements.
13.3.1

stop (
), then load (
1.
Press
2.
At this time, you will see this screen:
).
Examples
3.
If the selected drive is not the internal drive (
4.
Press the
"Example_TOFD_5.0_Phoenix_ISL_60.utcfg".
5.
Press
13.3.2
), press the
157
key to swap media.
1. With the example file that you just opened, parameters of the "Inspection" menu do not need to be modified. To
navigate in the various menus, press the
and
arrow keys. Press
or
, or rotate your finger around the
OK button, to move up or down in the menu. Press
2. Review the parameters of the "Probe" menu, the most important being (or use the "Probe:Load..." to load your
probe and wedge from the database):
Probe: Type
Probe: Frequency
Probe: Connected to
Probe: Elmt Diameter
3. Review the parameters of the "Wedge" menu, the most important being (or use the "Wedge:Load..." to load your
wedge from the database):
Wedge: Type
Wedge: Wave Mode (the refracted angle is given for SW or LW)
Wedge: Refracted Angle
4. Review the parameters of the "Part" menu, the most important being:
158
Part: SW Velocity
Part: LW Velocity
Part: Thickness
5. Review the parameters of the "Geometry " menu (PCS will be computed from information gathered at this step):
Geometry: W1 and W2 Index Offset (W1 stands for "Wedge 1")
Geometry: W1 and W2Scan Offset (W1 stands for "Wedge 1")
Geometry: W1 and W2Rotation (W1 stands for "Wedge 1")
6. Review the parameters of the "Encoder" menu, if you intend on using an encoder :
Encoder: Encoding Setup
Encoder: Scan Encoder type (the type of encode your have)
Encoder: Scan Start Pos (the start position )
Encoder: Scan Distance
Encoder: Scan Step
7. Press PLAY (
8. Press the

and
to reset your encoder position.
9. Review the parameters of the "Scan " menu, the most important being :
Scan: dB (Gain)
Scan: Start Path
Scan: Range Path
10.To setup an encoder see section: "Setting up an Encoder" (optional).
11.To position the TOFD ruler properly on the Lateral Wave and Back Wall of the part, adjust these parameters :
Scan: Ruler LW Pos.
Scan: Ruler BW Pos.
Examples
13.3.3
Record Data
1. Position your probe at its start position.

2. Press REC (
).
3. Move your probe towards the end of your part, while applying constant pressure with the couplant.
4. Press stop (
).
5. Edit the file name by using phone style editing.

6. Press
to accept the file name.
159
160
14
Maintenance
14.1
Casing
Do not put the Sonatest veo 16:64 near a source of electromagnetic noise, which could disrupt data
acquisition.
If you have carpets in your workplace, be careful about electrostatic shocks.
Clean the Sonatest veo 16:64 often to make sure that oils, dust or couplant do not damage the unit.
To avoid damage to the surface of the instrument, do not use any abrasive or chemical cleaning
agents.
Avoid dusty places.
Protect the unit from adverse weather conditions.
14.2
Screen
The Sonatest veo 16:64 screen is a high-brightness color LCD screen with a resolution of 1024x600 pixels.
To wash the screen, use a clean, lint-free cloth. Do not use an abrasive cloth or brush.
Do not use a sharp object (pen, pencil) to point flaws or details on the screen.
Do not store or leave the unit where the LCD display will be exposed to direct sunlight for long periods
of time.
14.3
Temperature
Avoid putting the instrument near a heat source.
Never block the fans at the back of the instrument.
Always allow air flow between the instrument and its surroundings. Never lay flat the instrument on a
soft surface to avoid blocking the air flow.
The operating temperature of the Sonatest veo 16:64 is from -10C to 40C (14F to 104F).
Recommended storage temperature is -25C to 70C (-13F to 158F).
14.4
Traveling
Make sure the instrument does not suffer from excessive shocks or impacts while traveling.
Make sure the battery is charged when you travel abroad with the Sonatest veo 16:64. Some airport
administrations will ask you to boot-up the instrument in front of them, so make sure to have a battery
or the power adaptor handy.
Never travel with the Sonatest veo 16:64 with a probe connected on it.
Make sure unplug every external peripheral when traveling with the Sonatest veo 16:64.
Make sure that the proper voltage is supported in the country you to work with the Sonatest veo 16:64.
Product Specification
15
Product Specification
161
162
16
Troubleshooting and Support
16.1
Troubleshooting Tips
Q1 - The Sonatest veo 16:64 unit does not start when pressing the POWER button.
Hold the POWER button for 4 seconds for the unit to start. This delay prevents accidental boot-ups during
transport.
Make sure that a charged battery is in the device, or that the power cord is connected.
Q2 - The Sonatest veo 16:64 appears to have "frozen". How do I shut down the device?
In the rare event that an emergency shutdown is required, hold the POWER button for 5 seconds to hard-shutdown
the device. Do not do this in normal situations, since this shutdown method might result in data file loss.
Q3 - When the unit is turned off, the BAT1 or BAT2 LED remain solid green. What does this means?
The battery is charging.
16.2
Update Procedure
The internal software of the Sonatest veo 16:64 can be updated as now versions become available. The new
software can be loaded onto a USB key for update. Refer to the instructions provided with the new software for
details.
16.3
Contact Support
Please contact your local distributor for additional support or training.
Visit our website or e-mail us at:

www.sonatest.com
sales@sonatest.com
Troubleshooting and Support

United Kingdom (Head Office)
Sonatest Ltd
Dickens Road
Old Wolverton
Milton Keynes
MK12 5QQ
United Kingdom
Tel:
+44 (0)1908 316345
Fax:
+44 (0)1908 321323
United States
Sonatest Inc
12775 Cogburn
San Antonio,
TX 78249
USA
Tel:
+1 (210) 697-0335
Fax:
+1 (210) 697-0767
Canada
Sonatest AP
305-2900, Quatre-Bourgeois
Quebec, Qc
G1V 1Y4
CANADA
Tel:
+1 (418) 683-6222
Fax:
+1 (418) 683-7032
163

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