1

:
: 1221/10

2013.

. 1.

1.

. : , .
BC547B,
.
2.
, rcad
Capture. ,
, , :
1:

IDC1
(0500)A
SOURCE
VDC1
(01.2)V
SOURCE
VDC2
(0 6 ) V
SOURCE
0/SOURCE
/
SOURCE
BC547B
/
EBIPOLAR
/
VDC4
(0-70)V
SOURCE
VDC3
(030)V
SOURCE
3.
1)
(Ib)
(Ube), (Uce=const.) .
Ib=f(Ube), Uce=const.

Q 1

V2
BC 547B

0Vdc

V1
0Vdc

1.
500uA

400uA

200uA

0A
0V

0.2V

0.4V

0.6V

0.8V

1.0V

1.2V

IB(Q1)
V_V1

2. BC547B T= 0C

500uA

400uA

200uA

0A
0V

0.2V

0.4V

0.6V

0.8V

1.0V

1.2V

IB(Q1)
V_V1

3. BC547B T= 25C
500uA

400uA

200uA

0A
0V

0.2V

0.4V

0.6V

0.8V

1.0V

1.2V

IB(Q1)
V_V1

4. BC547B T= 25C
2, 3 4
. ,
. .

2)

4

, . .
(Ic) (Ib), Uce .
Ic=f(Ib), Uce=const.
6,7 8.
Uce=3 V, Uce=6 V.

Q 1

V2
0Vdc

BC 547B

I1
0Adc

5.

100mA

50mA

0A
0A

100uA

200uA

300uA

IC(Q1)
I_I1

400uA

500uA

5. T=0 C
100mA

50mA

0A
0A

100uA

200uA

300uA

400uA

500uA

IC(Q1)
I_I1

6. T= 25 C

150mA

100mA

50mA

0A
0A

100uA

200uA

300uA

400uA

500uA

IC(Q1)
I_I1

7. T= 100 C
,
3 .
OrCad-u.
T= 0 C:
6

8.
1 (Ib=200 uA) ,
(Ic=44.949 mA).
Ic
= I b

225
T=100 C:

9.

1 (Ib=200 uA) ,
(Ic=64.25 mA).
Ic
= I b

321

3)
(Ic)
(Uce), (Ib) .
Ic= f(Uce), Ib= const.
7

Q 1

V2
I

BC 547B

0Vdc

I1
0Adc

10.
600mA

400mA

200mA

0A
0V

1.0V
IC(Q1)

2.0V

3.0V

4.0V

5.0V

6.0V

7.0V

V_V2

11. T= 0 C
600mA

400mA

200mA

0A
0V

1.0V
IC(Q1)

2.0V

3.0V

4.0V
V_V2

5.0V

6.0V

7.0V

12. T= 25 C
600mA

400mA

200mA

0A
0V

1.0V
IC(Q1)

2.0V

3.0V

4.0V

5.0V

6.0V

7.0V

V_V2

13. T= 100 C
11 , 12 13
. .
.

4) BC547B
, : Ucmax=50V; Icmax=100mA;
Pdismax=500mW:

Q 1

V4
I

BC 547B

0Vdc

I1
0Adc

14.
( 15) .
.

15.

10

5) h
Q(UCEQ,ICQ)=Q(7 V, 2 mA)
h :

Vbe=h11Ib+h12Vce
Ic=h21Ib+h22Vce
h :
20uA
Vceq = 7 V
(703.223m,12.948u)

10uA
(682.780m,6.1384u)

(655.794m,2.3473u)

0A
200mV
IB(Q1)

300mV

400mV

500mV

600mV

700mV

V_V7

16.

h11=?
h11=

V BE
I B , VCE=const

11

800mV 858mV

V BE
IB =

h11 =

703.223 mV 655.794 mV
12.948uA2.347 uA

h11 = 4.474 k

4.0mA
Vceq = 7 V

3.0mA

(7.4769u,2.4295m)

(5.1000u,1.6208m)

2.0mA

(6.2154u,2.0004m)
1.0mA

0A
0A

2uA

4uA

6uA

IC(Q1)
I_I4

17.
h21=?
h21=

IC
I B , VCE=const

h21=

IC
IB

2.430 mA 1.621 mA
7.477 uA5.100 uA

h21= 340

12

8uA

10uA

700mV

(7.0000,683.536m)

(11.491,683.536m)

650mV
(308.824m,683.467m)

600mV

550mV
Ib = 6.22 uA

500mV
0V

2V

4V

6V

8V

V(Q1:b)
V_V4

18.

h12=?

h12=

h12=

V BE
V CE , IB=const
683.536 m V 664.083 m V
11.491V 308.824 mV

3
h12= 1.74 * 10
0

13

10V

12V

800mV

700mV

(7.0000,683.536m)
(9.0093,683.536m)

(5.1296,683.536m)

600mV

Ib = 6.22 uA
500mV
0V

2V

4V

6V

8V

V(Q1:b)
V_V4

19.
h22=?

h22=

IC
V CE , IB=const

h22=

2.052 mA 1.965 mA
8.782V 5.750V

h22= 0.029 mS

14

10V

12V

h11

h 2 1 Ib

h22

20. h

6) Y
Y11=

Y12 = -

1
1
=0.224 mS
h11 = 4.474 103

h12
h 11

=-

0.029 103
4.474 103

340
4.474 103

Y21 =

h21
h 11

Y22 =

h11 h22h12 h21

h11

= 6.4 10

= 75.99 mS

= 0.029 mS

15

y 21Vbe

y 11

y 22

21. y
-

r = h = 4.474 k
11
r

gm

ri

r
h12

h21
r

= 75.99 mS

1
= h22

= 34.48 k

gm Vbe

rp i

ri

22.
16

. 2. RC (ZE)
1.

. , ,
, , .
2.
,
rcad. ,
, , :
2.

R1
150k
R2
27k
17

ANALOG
ANALOG

R3
R4
R5
VDC2
VSIN1
VSIN3
C1
C2
C3
C6
0/SOURCE
BC547B1,BC547B2
VAC4

2,7k
470
10k
12V
(ampl. 10mV,frek. 1kHz)
(ampl. 10V,frek. 1kHz)
1F
10F
100F
1nF
///
///
1V

ANALOG
ANALOG
ANALOG
SOURCE
SOURCE
SOURCE
ANALOG
ANALOG
ANALOG
ANALOG
SOURCE
EBIPOLAR
SOURCE

3.

R b1

R c
C s2
Q 1

C s1

Vcc
R p

V in
R b2

R e
C s3

23.
h11
h21Ib
Vin

Rc

Vout

24. h
:
18

: Av=-200 , ICQ=2 mA, C1=1 F, C2=10 F ,C3=100 F , T=BC547B.

h : h11=4.25k, h21=332, h12=h22=0.
:
Av=-200
Av=

V out
V

Vout=-h21IbRc

24

V
Ib= h11
V
h11 =-200

Av= - h21 Rc

Rc

Rc=2.56 k 2.7 k
= h21 = 332
ICQ = IBQ

IBQ

IBQ = 6.02 A
RE . RE 10 30
VCC 0.5 V 3 V.
: VRe=1 V
IBQ 0
IEQ ICQ = 2 mA
RE =

V
I CQ

= 500 470

IBQ I Rb1 Rb2 10 - IBQ.

19

I=10 IBQ
I= 60.2 A
Rb1 + Rb2 =

V CC
I

= 199 k

0.7 V.
Vbe = 0.7 V
Vbe + VRe = Rb2 10 IBQ
Rb2=28.24 k 27 k
Rb1= 199 k - 28.24 k = 170.76 k Rb1= 150 k
:
VCEQ = VCC VRE RC ICQ
VCEQ = 5.6 V
Q(VCEQ ,ICQ , IBQ ) = Q(5.6 V, 2 mA, 6.02 A)

VCE1 = VCEQ 0 V = VCEQ = 5,6 V
VCE2= 12V VCEQ = 12V 5,6V = 6,4V
: Voutmax = 5.6 V
-

20

R b1

R c

Q 1
Vcc

R b2

R e

25.
h 21 = 332
Rin=Re(1+ ) = 470 (1 + 340) = 156.51 k

Vb =

Rb 2 Re (1+ )
R b 2+ R e (1+ )
V
Rb 2 R e (1+ ) CC
R b 1+
Rb 2 + Re (1+ )

= 1.6 V

Vbe = Vb - Ve
Ve= 0.9 V
Ve
Ie = Re = 1.9 mA
Ie = Ib + Ic = Ib(1 + )
Ie
Ib= 1+
Ib = 5.7 A
I c = I e Ib
Ic = 1.89 mA
Vc = Vcc Rc Ic
Vc = 6.9 V
Vce = Vc - Ve
Vce = 6 V
21

Q(Vceq = 6 V, Icq = 1.89 mA, Ibq = 5.57 A)

:
-

:
h11

Ib = Iin

h 2 1 Ib

R c

Vin

R p

Vout

26.

22

Rin =

V
I

Rin = h11 = 4.25 k

:
h11

h 2 1 Ib

Vin = 0

R c

Vout

27.

Rout =

V out
I out

Vin = 0

Vin = 0

= Ib = 0

Rout = Rc = 2.7 k

23

h11

h 2 1 Ib

Vin

R c

28.

V out
Av= V
Rc R p
R c+ R p

Vout = -

h21 Ib

V
Ib = h11

Av=-

Rc R p
R c+ R p

h21
h11

Av = -166.1
-

24

R p

h11

h11

Ib1

h 2 1 Ib1

Vin

Ib2

h 2 1 Ib 2

R c

R c

R p

29.

Av=

V out
V

Vout = -

Rc R p
R c+ R p

h21 Ib2

Rc
Ib2 = - R c + h11 h21Ib1

Av =

Rc R p
R c+ R p

h21

h21 R c
h11 Rc +h11

Av = Av1 Av2 = 21678.3

:
h11

Iout

h 2 1 Ib

Vin

25

R c

R p

30.

Ai =

iout =

i out
ib
Rc
R c+ R p

Rc
Ai = R c + R p

h21 ib

h21

Ai = 70.58

26

Cs1:
C s1

R in

31.

fd1 =

1
2 C s 1 R

= 37.5 Hz

Cs2:

C s2

R p + R c

32.

27

p+ R c
R
2
C
s2
fd2 =
= 1.25 Hz
1

Cs3:
C e

33.

fd2 =

1
h11
R
1+h 21 e
2 C s 2
h11
R
1+h 21 e

= 1591.6

28

C p

33.

fg =

1
R R
2 c p
Rc + R p

= 74.9 kHz

OrCad :
-

29

2 .1 1 3 m A
6 8 .8 1 u A
R 1
150k

2700 C 2

6 .2 9 4 V
Q 1

C 1
0V

VO FF = 0
VAM PL = 10m
FR EQ = 1k

1 2 .0 0 V

R 3

1 .6 7 9 V

1u

10u
V2

2 .1 1 3 m A

6 .6 3 9 u A
BC 547B
-2 .1 2 0 m A

0 AV 1

0V

2 .1 8 2 m A

0 .9 9 6 V
2 .1 2 0 m A
R 4

6 2 .1 7 u A
R 2
27k

R 5

C 3

470

0V

12

10k

100u

0A

34.
:
Q(IC=2,113mA;VCE=6,294V;IB=6,639A)
-

:
R 1

R 3

150k
Q 1

C 1

10u
V

1u

V2
12

BC 547B

VO FF = 0
VAM PL = 10m
FR EQ = 1k

2700 C 2

V1
R 2

R 4

27k

C 3

470

100u

R 5
10k

35.

30

2.0V

1.0V

0V

-1.0V

-2.0V
0s

0.5ms
V(C1:1)

1.0ms

1.5ms

2.0ms

V(R5:2)
Time

36. ( ) ( )
.
1.47
10 mV

Av =
-

= 147

. .
5V

0V

-5V

-10V
0s

0.5ms

1.0ms

1.5ms

2.0ms

V(R5:2)
Time

37.
31

5.0uA

0A

-5.0uA
0s

0.5ms

1.0ms

-I(C2)
Time

1.5ms

2.0ms

38.

, ,

, :

Rout=

10 mV
3.97 A

= 2.52 k

32

R 1

R 3

150k

2700 C 2
Q 1

C 1

V1

1u
VO FF = 0
VAMPL = 10m
FR EQ = 1k

10u
12

BC 547B

R 5

V2

10k

R 2

R 4

27k

470

C 3
100u

39.

4.0uA
(733.990u,2.6090u)

2.0uA

0A

-2.0uA

-4.0uA
0s

0.5ms

1.0ms

I(V2)
Time

40.
Rin =

10 mV
2.61 A

= 3.83 k

33

1.5ms

2.0ms

R 1

R 3

150k

2700 C 2
Q 1

C 1

V1

1u
1Vac
0Vdc

10u

BC 547B

V2

C 4

12

1n

R 5

10k
R 2

R 4

27k

470

C 3
100u

41.

160V

120V

80V

40V

0V
1.0Hz
V(R5:2)

10Hz

100Hz

1.0KHz

10KHz

100KHz

1.0MHz

10MHz

100MHz

Frequency

42.
fd = 523 Hz i fg = 24.5 kHz

1.
,

.

34

.
.
2.

, . Excel,

,
, ,
.
:

3.

(BC547B)

150k, 27k, 2,7k, 10k, 470

1F, 10F, 100F, 1nF
///
///
12 V
///
///

3.

35

R 1

R 3

150k

2700 C 2
Q 1

C 1

10u
V1

1u

12

BC 547B

R 5
10k

R 2

R 4

27k

470

C 3
100u

41.

2. 3.
.
:
- (5 mV/div ; 0.2 ms)
- (0.2 V/div ; 0.2 ms)

36

42.

37

43.
-

44.
3V,
38

; 0,5mV/div i 0,2s.

4.
i
f[kHz
]
Vo[v]
A

10

0.01

0.05

0.1

0.5

10

100

150

200

400

0.03
2.5

0.17 0.32 0.58

14.17 26.67 48.33

0.6
50

0.6
50

0.45
37.5

0.3
25

39

0.55
0.5
45.83 41.67

. 3 FET 2N4416
2N7000
1.
JFET
MOSFET
.
FET , .
2.
,
rcad. , ,
, :
5.

2N4416
///
2N7000
///
VDC1
(0 5)V
VDC2
5V
VDC3
(0 30) V
0/SOURCE
///
3.
40

JFET
PWRMOS
SOURCE
SOURCE
SOURCE
SOURCE

JFET
(Id)
(Vgs), Vds=const.
Id=f(Vgs), Vds=const.

V2
0

J1
V1
0

2 N 4 4 1 6 /P L P

45. 2N4416

0A

-4mA

-8mA

-12mA
-5.0V

-4.0V

-3.0V

-2.0V

-1.0V

I(V2)
V_V1

46. T=25 C

41

0.0V

0A

-4mA

-8mA

-12mA
-5.0V

-4.0V

-3.0V

-2.0V

-1.0V

0.0V

I(V2)
V_V1

47. T=100 C

Vgs=0 Idss, .
, Vgs, ,
,
. Vgs= -3V 0
, .
Idss
, .

2N4416

Id, Vds, Vgs=const.

Id=f(Vds), Vgs=const.

42

V2
0

J1
V1
0

2 N 4 4 1 6 /P L P

48.
15mA

10mA

5mA

0A
0V

5V
ID(X_J1.J1)

10V

15V

20V

25V

30V

V_V2

49. 2N4416 T=25 C

43

15mA

10mA

5mA

0A
0V

5V
ID(X_J1.J1)

10V

15V

20V

25V

30V

V_V2

49. 2N4416 T=100 C

JFET 2N4416
:
Pdis=300mW, Pdis=400mW, Idmax=15mA, Vdmax=30V

50. T=25 C

( ).
44

(JFET)

gm
VT=-3V, Vds=5V, Idss=9,522mA
gm =

Id
V gs

Vds= const

V2
5

J1
V1
0

2 N 4 4 1 6 /P L P

51.

45

12mA
Vds = 5 V
(-903.030m,5.8816m)
8mA
(-1.7758,2.6716m)

4mA

0A
-5.0V
-I(V2)

-4.0V

-3.0V

-2.0V
V_V1

52.
5.882 mA2.972 mA
gm = 903.030 mV +1.776 V
gm = 3.33 mS
Ri
Vgs = -1 V
Ri =

V ds
Id

Vgs= const

46

-1.0V

0.0V

8.0mA

6.0mA
(21.290,6.8945m)
(11.330,6.0154m)
4.0mA

2.0mA
Vgs = -1 V
0A
0V

5V

10V

15V

20V

25V

ID(X_J1.J1)
V_V2

Ri =

21.290 V 11.330 V
6.895 mA 6.015 mA

53.

Ri = 11.32 k
= gm Ri
= 37.7

MOSFET

V2

V1

M 1
2
2 N 7 0 0 0 /P L P

47

30V

54. MOSFET 2N7000

600mA

400mA

200mA

0A
0V

1.0V

2.0V

3.0V

4.0V

5.0V

-I(V2)
V_V1

55. T=25 C Vds=10V

400mA

300mA

200mA

100mA

0A
0V

1.0V

2.0V

3.0V

4.0V

5.0V

-I(V2)
V_V1

56. T=100 C Vds=10V

MOSFET ,
2V, , .
Vgs .
.
55 56 .

48

MOSFET

600mA

400mA

200mA

0A
0V

5V
-I(V2)

10V

15V

20V

25V

30V

V_V2

57. T=25 C
400mA

300mA

200mA

100mA

0A
0V

5V
-I(V2)

10V

15V
V_V2

49

20V

25V

30V

58. T=100 C
Vds
, .
.
-

(MOSFET)

V ds
Ri = I d
Vgs = 4 V
Ri =
Id
V gs

gm =

Vds= const

Vds= 5V
600mA
Vds = 5 V

400mA

(4.2317,251.530m)

(3.5305,118.475m)
200mA

0A
0V

1.0V

2.0V

3.0V

-I(V2)
V_V1

59.
gm = 189.75 mS
= gm Ri =
50

4.0V

5.0V

MOSFET 2N7000

:
Pdis=400mW,
Idmax=200mA,Vdsmax=60V
:

60.

4: RC
1.

. , ,
, , .
2.
,
rcad. , ,
, :
51

6. :

R1
100 k
ANALOG
R2
48 k
ANALOG
R3
1.2 k
ANALOG
R4
10k
ANALOG
C1
1k
ANALOG
C2
10F
ANALOG
C3
1nF
ANALOG
VDC1
12V
SOURCE
VSIN1
(ampl. 10mV,frek. 1kHz)
SOURCE
VAC1
1V
SOURCE
VSIN2
(ampl. 10mV,frek. 1kHz)
SOURCE
2N7000
///
PWRMOS
0
///
SOURCE

3.

52

6.0mA
(2.3188,5.1049m)

4.0mA

2.0mA

0A
0V

1.0V

2.0V

3.0V

4.0V

5.0V

-I(V2)
V_V1

61.
:
Idq =5.1 mA Vgs = 2.32 V
-

R 2

M 1
2
2 N 7 0 0 0 /P L P
1

R 1

Vdd

R 3

62.
Rs =1200
R1 = 48 k
R2 = 100 k
Vds = Vdd - RsIdq
Vds = 6 V
53

Vgs =

V dd
R 1+ R 2

R1 IdR = 2.1 V

Q(Vds = 6V, Vgs = 2.1 V, Id = 5 mA)

-

Vds1 = Vds 0V = 6V
Vds2 = 12V Vds = 6V
V d s m a x = 6V

Iin

G
+

0Adc

gm Vgs

Vgs
V in

R in

Vout
R s

R p

63.
Rin =

V
I

54

R i n = R 1 || R 2 = 32 k

Iin = 0

G
+

0Adc

gm Vgs

Vgs
Vin = 0

R in
Vout
R s

64.

Rout =

V out
I out

Iout + gmVgs = Is
Vgs + Vout = 0
Vgs = - Vout

55

V out
Rs

Is =

Iout =

V out
Rs

Rout =

Rs
1+ g m R s

+ gmVout

Rout = 37.3

Iin

G
+

0Adc

gm Vgs

Vgs
Vin

R in
Vout
R s

R p

65.

Rpp =

Rs Rp
Rs+ Rp

56

Vout + Vgs = Vin

Vout = gmRppVgs
gmRppVgs Vgs = Vin
Vgs (1 + gmRpp) = Vin
V
Vgs = 1+ g m R pp

Av =

V out
V

gm R pp
Av = 1+ g m R pp
Av = 0.96
-

Cs1:
C s1

R in

66.

57

fd1 =

1
2 C s 1 R

fd1 = 4.91 Hz

Cs2:
C s2

R s + R p

67.

fd2 =

1
2 Cs2( Rs+ Rp)

fd2 =1.42 Hz
fd =4.91 Hz

58

C p

68.

1
Rs
gm

R
1 p
Rs+
gm
2
Rs
gm
+Rp
1
Rs +
gm

fg =

fg =4.29 MHz

59

1 2 .0 0 V

R 1
48k

4 .8 3 2 m A
M1
2

1u

VO FF = 0
VAMPL = 1
FR EQ = 1k

8 .1 0 8 V
3

C 2
R 2

2 N 7 0 0 0 /P L P

C 1
1

100k

V1

V2
12

5 .7 9 8 V

4 .8 3 2 m A

10u

R 3

R 4

1200

10k

69.
Q(VGS=3.89 V;ID=4,832mA;VDS=6,202V)

R 1
48k
3

C 2

M1
2

1u
V

VO FF = 0
VAMPL = 1
FR EQ = 1k

V1

R 2

V2

2 N 7 0 0 0 /P L P

100k

12

C 1
1

10u

R 3
1200

R 4

10k

70.

60

1.5V
(249.286u,965.843m)
1.0V

0V

-1.0V

-1.5V
0s

0.5ms
V(C2:1)

1.0ms

1.5ms

2.0ms

V(C1:2)
Time

71. ( ) ( )

965.843 mV
Av =
1V
Av = 0.97

61

R 1
48k
3

C 2

M1
2

1u
I

VO FF = 0
VAMPL = 1
FR EQ = 1k

R 2

2 N 7 0 0 0 /P L P

C 1
1

100k

V1

V2
12

10u

R 3

R 4

1200

10k

72.

150uA
(249.286u,96.584u)
100uA

(249.286u,30.683u)

0A

-100uA
0s

0.5ms
I(C2)

1.0ms

1.5ms

2.0ms

-I(R4)
Time

73. ( ) ( )
Ai =

96.584
30.683

Ai = 3.15

62

8.0V

4.0V

0V

(688.001u,-5.1886)

-4.0V

-8.0V
0s

0.5ms

1.0ms

1.5ms

2.0ms

V(C1:2)
Time

74.
74
Vin = 6 V
Voutmax

= 5.1886 V

63

40uA

(749.297u,30.979u)

20uA

0A

-20uA

-40uA
0s

0.5ms

1.0ms

1.5ms

2.0ms

I(V1)
Time

76.
Rin =

1V
30.979 A

Rin = 32.28 k

R 1
48k

1u

C 2

M1
2
R 2
100k

V2

2 N 7 0 0 0 /P L P

12

C 1
1

10u

R 3
1200

V3

VO FF = 0
VAM PL = 10m
I
FR EQ = 1k

77.

64

400uA
(1.6755m,287.766u)

200uA

0A

-200uA

-400uA
1.0ms
I(V3)

1.5ms

2.0ms

2.5ms

3.0ms

Time

78.

Rout =

10 mV
287.766 A

Rout = 34.75

1 nF

R 1
48k

1u

1Vac
0Vdc

V3

C 3

C 2

M1
2
R 2

2 N 7 0 0 0 /P L P

100k

V2

1n

12
C 1

10u

R 3
1200

R 4
10k

79.
65

1.0V

(5.3022,678.847m)

(5.0257M,681.553m)

0.5V

0V
1.0Hz
V(C1:2)

100Hz

10KHz

1.0MHz

100MHz

Frequency

80.
,
:

fd =5.3 Hz fg = 5.03 MHz

1.


.
.
.
2.

, .
.
.
66

.
:

7.

(2N7000)

100 k, 48 k,1.2 k,10 k

1F,10F
///
///
12 V
///
///
///

3.
:

R 1
48k

V in

M 1
2
R 2
100k

V2

2N 7000

12

C 1
1

1u

C 2

10u
R 3
1200

R 4
10k

81.

82.:

67

82.
(0.5 V/div ; 0.2 ms).
,
1.
.

83. :

82.
5 V,
. : 2
V/div ; 0.2 ms.

68

Q:(VGS=1,748V;ID=5,27mA;VDS=5,53V)

,
.
.

69