SU PHIN BN TRUYN KIU

V NHNG VN
PHN TCH NGUYN BN
John Balaban, Ng Thanh Nhn, Ng Trung Vit,
V Xun Lng, L Vn Cng, Lng Th Hnh,
T Trng c, Ng Thanh Giang
(Hi Bo tn Di sn ch Nm, M v
Nhm Nm Na, H Ni)

(Bn nhp)
Bi vit ny trnh by mt s nt chnh v vic xy dng Kho vn bn Truyn Kiu v
a ra mt s trin vng trong vic nghin cu vn bn m Hi Bo tn Di sn ch Nm
v Nhm Nm Na thc hin trong thi gian qua. Cng vic ny nhm mc ch to h
tng c s cho vic phc dng li nguyn tc Truyn Kiu, bo tn mt di sn ch Nm
in hnh trc nguy c b mai mt trong mt x hi y bin chuyn nh hin nay.

TM LC V TRUYN KIU

Truyn Kiu ca Nguyn Du (1765-1820) l mt tc phm th kinh in trong kho

tng vn hc Vit Nam, cng nh trong kho tng vn hc th gii, c dch sang
nhiu th ting bng th v vn xui, v c xut bn rt nhiu ln bng ting Vit.

Ton b tc phm gm 3254 cu (dng), c vit bng th th lc bt, mt th th

quen thuc v gn gi vi ca dao ca ngi Vit, c ct truyn ly t mt chuyn
tnh lng mn c vit cng thi Trung Quc ca tc gi Thanh Tm Ti Nhn.

Tc phm nu ln mt vn ln ca x hi ng thi v quan nim sng, v

trch nhim ca mi ngui vi chnh bn thn mnh, vi x hi, v nhng xung t,
mu thun v o l lm ngi.

Truyn Kiu c vit bng ch Nm tng hnh ch khng phi bng ch quc ng
ng i, th ch vit thay th ch Nm t nhng nm u ca th k 20.

T trc n nay khng tn ti bn nguyn tc Truyn Kiu no ca Nguyn Du, v

tc phm ny cha tng c in ra, tr mt vi bn in khc g. Chc bn nguyn tc
b tht lc v kh c kh nng tm li c.

Cc nh kho cu t trc n nay u c gng so snh, i chiu cc vn bn c

c, cn nhc tng ch tng vi mc ch cui cng l ti dng ln cho c mt
bn Kiu chun, phc v cho vic ging dy thng nht trong nh trng, cng nh
phc v cho ng o bn c. l mt cng vic ht sc nng nhc, nhng cng
y ngha.

1. Xut x tc phm

Mc d Truyn Kiu c truyn ming qua nhiu th h ca ngi Vit trn khp
mi min t nc, nhng rt t ngi nhn thc c rng Truyn Kiu khng c 1
phin bn chnh thc no bng ch Nm do chnh Nguyn Du vit ra c lu truyn
li.

Trn thc t, tt c cc tc phm Truyn Kiu c xut bn trc y, trong

nc cng nh ngoi nc, khng bao gm phn ch Nm, d vn bit l phn
bn gc dch ra ch Quc Ng. Tuy nhin, mt vi phin bn hc thut xut bn
gn y nh km theo phn tc phm bng ch Nm c photo t mt bn in
khc g tng lu hnh trong qu kh.

2. Tnh chnh xc ca phin bn.

Hin nay c rt nhiu phin bn Truyn Kiu c lu hnh. 6 trong s nhng phin
bn ch Nm lu i nht khc nhau n ni buc phi t ra nhng cu hi th v
v kha cnh dch thut cng nh lnh vc vn chng.

Nhng phin bn ny, cng vi s khc bit ca chng, c th d dng nhn ra t

nhng so snh kh th v ca cc hc gi, nhng nh Kiu hc y tm huyt.

Vy lm cch no ngi phin dch c th nhn bit c s khc bit v ngn t

khi tin hnh cng vic ca mnh?

S H TR CA PHNG TIN K THUT

Vo nm 2005, chng ti chn ra 6 phin bn ca Truyn Kiu ng c phn tch

nht c cc nh chuyn mn kho cu rt cng phu.

Chng ti xy dng mt c s d liu y cho 6 phin bn ny bng 3 loi ch

vit : ch Nm gc, dch ra ch Quc ng v dch ra ch ting Anh.

Cui cng, chng ti ct gi chng di dng XML (Extensible markup language

ngn ng nh dng c nh du) cng vi cc chc nng tip cn WEB cho ngi
s dng.

1. Phin bn nm 1866

Truyn Kiu nm 1866 l mt phin bn ca Liu Vn ng, c Bo tng Khu

lu nim Nguyn Du Ngh An tm thy.

T bn photo do Bo tng Khu lu nim Nguyn Du gi tng, Nguyn Qung Tun,

mt trong nhng hc gi hng u v ch Nm v Truyn Kiu, thc hin mt
cuc kho cu v phin m, kho d v ch gii. Tc phm do Nh xut bn Vn hc
v Trung tm Nghin cu Quc hc xut bn nm 2004.

Bn Kiu nm 1866 ny b mt 18 t (36 trang), lm thiu i 864 cu (mi trang 24

cu) trong tng s 3254 cu. b khuyt cho 36 trang b mt, tc gi ly 36
trang tng ng t bn Kiu khc in nm 1871 c gi tin tham kho.
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2. Phin bn nm 1870

Truyn Kiu nm 1870 do Lm No Phu sao chp khi ang lm quan b Cng thi
vua T c.

Bn Kiu 1870 ny vn c lu gi Si Gn, sau c bn ch sch v may

mn c mt ngi con trai ca ng m Quang Hng mua li. T bn photo do
ng m Quang Hng gi tng, ng Nguyn Qung Tun thc hin mt cuc
kho cu v phin m, kho d v ch gii. Tc phm do Nh xut bn Vn hc v
Trung tm Nghin cu Quc hc xut bn nm 2003.

Phin bn 1870 c 3260 cu, nhiu hn 6 cu so vi cc phin bn khc, c th s

khc bit ny nh sau:
- Thay ni dung ca 4 cu 531, 532, 533, 534 (c cc bn 1866, 1871, 1872)
531

em tin thc ph t ng,

532

B v l thn tha hng hu.

533

Liu Dng cch tr sn kh,

534

Xun ng kp gi Sinh v h tang.

bng 6 cu:
531
532
532a
532b
533
534

M xem th bt nghim ng,

Nhn rng: Thc ph xa ng mnh chung.

Hy cn k tng Liu ng

C hng khi din ngn trng sn kh

Ry a linh thn v qu

Th no con cng phi v h tang.

- Thiu 2 cu 1217, 1218 (c cc bn 1866, 1871, 1872, 1874, 1902)

1217

Gt u vng dy my li,

1218

Dng chau nt nguyt, dng phai v hng.

- Thay ni dung ca 2 cu 1827, 1828 (c cc bn 1866, 1871, 1872)

1827

S quen dm h ra li,

1828

Khn ngn git ngc st si nh sa.

bng 4 cu:
1826a Thng i! Mnh st vo l
1826b By lu nay bit giy v n u?

1827

Ni lng chng nh m au,

1828

ang ci ni bng mt ru l sa

- Thay ni dung ca 2 cu 1893, 1894 (c cc bn 1866, 1871, 1872)

1893

Nhng e li lu n nng,

1894

nh liu mi s la ng hi tra.

bng 4 cu:
1893

Loanh quanh cua lt b sng

1894

Si dy thng hai ng cha xong

1894a Di thm, trn gh cng trng

1894b Mt li cha m hai dng sa

3. Phin bn nm 1871

Truyn Kiu nm 1871 l bn in khc g ca Liu Vn ng, i vua T c th

24, gm 3254 cu.

T bn photo ca Th vin Lin trng i hc ngn ng Phng ng Paris

(Bibiotthque Interuniversitaire des Langues Orientales), ng Nguyn Qung Tun
thc hin mt cuc kho cu v phin m, kho d v ch gii. Tc phm do Nh
xut bn Vn hc v Trung tm Nghin cu Quc hc xut bn nm 2002.

4. Phin bn nm 1872

Truyn Kiu nm 1872 l bn in khc g ca Duy Minh Th di thi vua T c.

Hin bn Kiu 1872 c lu gi mt bn ti Th vin Leiden, H Lan (Leiden

Library, Holland, index 5803-6) v mt bn ti th vin ring ca gia nh c Hong
Xun Hn Paris. T bn photo li bn c lu gi ti th vin ca gia nh c
Hong Xun Hn, gio s Nguyn Ti Cn, mt hc gi hng u v ch Nm,
thc hin mt cuc nghin cu v phin m, kho d v ch gii. Tc phm c Nh
xut bn i hc Quc gia H Ni xut bn nm 2002.

Phin bn 1872 c 3259 cu, nhiu hn 5 cu so vi cc phin bn khc:

1066a QU TRONG TRNG HNH TRN MY,
1066b CT HNG N CHO Y O HOA!
1066c HU NHT TH VN:
1072a TIC IU LM CHNG BIT TA
1072b V CHU VT NGC D NH CHI.

5. Phin bn nm 1874

Truyn kiu nm 1874 l phin bn do Tng Hu ng chp tay di thi vua T

c.

Phin bn ny do Quang Hng su tm c ti Hu. Tin s Nguyn Huy Hng,

MD, TEXAS phin m thnh phin bn in t nm 2002.

Phin bn 1874 c 3260 cu, nhiu hn 6 cu so vi cc phin bn khc, c th s

khc bit ny nh sau:
- Thay ni dung ca 4 cu 531, 532, 533, 534 (c cc bn 1866, 1871, 1872)
531

em tin thc ph t ng,

532

B v l thn tha hng hu.

533

Liu Dng cch tr sn kh,

534

Xun ng kp gi Sinh v h tang.

bng 6 cu:
531

M xem th bt nghim ng

532

Nhn rng thc ph xa ng mnh chung

532a

Hy cn k tng Liu ng

532b

C hng khi din ngn trng sn kh

533

Ry a linh tn v qu

534

Th no con cng phi v h tang

- Thay ni dung ca 2 cu 1827, 1828 (c cc bn 1866, 1871, 1872)

1827

S quen dm h ra li,

1828

Khn ngn git ngc st si nh sa.

bng 4 cu:
1826a Thng i, mnh st vo l
1826b By lu nay bit dy v n u
1827

Ni lng chng nh m au

1828

ng ci ni bng mt ru git sa

- Thay ni dung ca 2 cu 1885, 1886 (c cc bn 1866, 1871, 1872)

1885

Sm khuya hu h i doanh,

1886

Tiu th chm mt, tnh hi tra.

bng 4 cu:
1885

Sm khuya hu h i doanh

1885a Nt su khn cng l tnh khn ngn

1885b Ra vo thui thi chic thn
1886

Tiu th trng mt xa gn hi tra

6. Phin bn nm 1902

Truyn Kiu nm 1902 l bn in khc g do Kiu Onh Mu ch gii di thi vua

Thnh Thi.

Phin bn ny do Nguyn Th & Phan Anh Dng su tm, kho ch v ch bn Nm

trn c s mt phng ch t to ra.

Bn in ch Nm c Nh gio u t Nguyn nh Thng hiu nh. Tc phm

c Nh xut bn Thun Ho xut bn nm 2004.

Phin bn 1902 c 3256 cu, nhiu hn 2 cu so vi cc cc phin bn khc, c th

nh sau:
- Thay ni dung ca 4 cu 531, 532, 533, 534 (c cc bn 1866, 1871, 1872)
531

em tin thc ph t ng,

532

B v l thn tha hng hu.

533

Liu Dng cch tr sn kh,

534

Xun ng kp gi sinh v h tang.

bng 6 cu:
531

M xem th bt nghim ng

532

Nhn rng thc ph xa ng mnh chung

532a

Hy cn k tng Liu ng

532b

C hng khi din ngn trng sn kh

533

Ry a linh sn v qu

534

Th no con cng phi v h tang

PHN TCH NGUYN BN

Rt trch ra bng tn s xut hin ca tt c cc ch Nm c mt trong 1 phin bn,

hoc trong tt c cc phin bn.

Rt trch ra bng tn s xut hin ca tt c cc ch Quc ng c mt trong 1 phin

bn, hoc trong tt c cc phin bn.

So snh tng dng, ch ra s dng ging nhau hoc khc nhau (c v ch Nm v

ch Quc ng) gia cc phin bn.
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a. Ging nhau v ch Nm:

b. Ging nhau v ch Quc Ng:

c. Khc nhau v ch Nm:

d. Khc nhau v ch Quc ng:

Xem xt mt ch v ton b ng cnh ca n trong 1 phin bn hoc trong tt c cc

phin bn.

So snh v tr ca tng ch trong tng dng c th ca tt c cc phin bn. Nhn vo

kt qu, chng ta c th thy ch g (c Nm v Quc ng) c s dng ti mt v
tr nht nh ca cu th trong tt c cc phin bn.

Ch ra s xut hin ca nhng ch c xem l k hu theo nh l king hu da

vo danh sch c lp sn.

V d, da vo Nhng nh l v Danh sch ch king hu thi T c (Tham kho:

Ng c Th; Ch hu Vit Nam qua cc triu i. Nxb Vn Ho; 1997)

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2
3
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5
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Kim
Hong
Nguyn
Thi
Tn
Cn
lan
Ngn
Chu
Tng
Th
Vng
Khot
Hiu
Thun
Hn
Cn

18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

C
Non
nh
Chng
Kiu
m
Tuyn
Dung
Min
Tng
Giai
An
Vin
i
Lnh
c
Quyn

35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

Th
Dung
Tr
Kin
Hon
lan
ang
Knh
Tht
Hoa
Cu
Ho
Hng
Th
Hng
Nhm

Chng ta c th tm ra c nhng hp trng khc (vit) khc bit. Xin n c 2 ch

hoa v Th:
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Nm

Quc ng

1866

hoa

th

1870

1871

1872

1874

1902

(1)*

(3),
(1)

(1)

(54)

(1),

(1)

(1)

(5)

(2)

V d:
1870:

Nghn thu bc mnh mt i ti hoa

Th cho ngn nc thu triu chy xui (cu 3082)

1872:

1902:

(cu 416)

Th ry ti th tng phng

(cu 3039)

Nghn thu bc mnh mt i ti hoa

(cu 416)

Mt rng Hoa Nhc mt rng Quy Vn (cu 478)

Mt tnh th ch hai tnh th sao

(cu 860)

Tm ra nhng trng hp c thay bng 1 ch khc vi m c khc. Xin n c ch

(Nhm)
Nm

Quc ng

1866

1870

1871

1872

1874

1902

nhm

(1)
(2)

V d
1870:

Vng ra ngoi t Lm Tri

(cu 2873)

Kim nay ci iu Nam Bnh

(cu 2949)

Chng Vng cng ci iu thnh Duy Dng (cu 2950)

Ch ra ch thay th ch lp li ngay sau mt ch bt k theo dng ly hoc khng

theo dng ly (lp li ngu nhin) 3 phin bn 1866, 1871, 1872.
o Phin bn 1866 dng
1815
900
1189
910

thay th ch lp li:

o Phin bn 1871 dng ch

*

B ngoi thn tht ni ci

Nng ma thui thi qu ngi mt thn

Bung ring ring nhng st si
Gc tri thm thm ngy ngy m m

v ch thay th ch lp li:

S ln xut hin.

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241
242
723
744

o Phin bn 1872 dng ch

2159
2248
449
450
618

Hin t gc bng chnh chnh,

Ni ring ring trnh tc ring mt mnh.
Cy em, em c chu li,
Thy hiu hiu gi th hay ch v.

v ch thay th ch lp li:

L t lc bc bc ra,
mn con mt phng tri m m.
Vng trng VC vc gia tri,
inh ninh hai MT mt li song song.
Thn cn CH tic tic g n duyn!

Ngoi l l trong c 3 phin bn, mt s cu c ch lp li nhng vn khng dng ch

thay th:
(1886) 121
124
3236
(1871) 121
124
3236
(1872) 229
1617
2047

o o lc A cy,

Du giy tng bc RU IN rnh rnh.

THIN NIN dng dc quan giai ln ln
o o lc A cy,
Du giy tng bc RU IN rnh rnh.
THIN NIN dng dc quan giai ln ln
NGY ngy chi m m Tin
"Lm cho cho mt cho m,
Ry vng din hin rnh rnh,

S CI THIN TRONG TNG LAI

Trn c s lng nghe nhng kin t pha cc nh nghin cu, b sung thm nhng
yu cu, cch thc phn tch nguyn bn no cn thit cho qu trnh nghin cu vn
bn Truyn Kiu.
Ch ra 1 m quc ng c dng phin cho bao nhiu ch Nm trong tt c cc
phin bn.

Chng ti hi vng, vi cc ng dng b sung ny c th em li cho cc nh Kiu hc

mt hng th mi trong vic nghin cu ca mnh.

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Ti liu tham kho

Nguyn Qung Tun. 2004. Nguyn Du, Truyn Kiu - Bn Nm c nht 1866 mi pht
hin. Nxb Vn hc v Trung tm Nghin cu Quc hc.
Nguyn Qung Tun. 2002. Nguyn Du, Truyn Kiu - Bn Nm c nht, Liu Vn ng
1871. Nxb Vn hc v Trung tm Nghin cu Quc hc.
Nguyn Qung Tun. 2003. Nguyn Du, Truyn Kiu - Bn kinh i T c 1870. Nxb Vn
hc v Trung tm Nghin cu Quc hc.
Nguyn Ti Cn. 2002. T liu truyn Kiu - Bn Duy Minh Th 1872. Nxb i hc Quc
gia.
Quang Hng su tm - Nguyn Huy Hng phin m. 2002. on trng tn thanh 1874.
Nguyn Th - Phan Anh Dng. 2004. Nguyn Du, Truyn Kiu ch Nm. Nxb Thun Ho.
Ng c Th. 1997. Nghin cu ch hu Vit Nam qua cc triu i. Nxb Vn ho.

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