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Experiment 14: Hooke's Law and Simple Harmonic Motion: Purpose
Experiment 14: Hooke's Law and Simple Harmonic Motion: Purpose
Apparatus
Helical steel spring with supporting stand and scale, set of slotted weights with hanger,
timer, laboratory balance.
1 Fs = - kx
where x is the amount of displacement from the equilibrium position. The negative sign in this
equation shows that the springs force is opposite to x. If the spring is stretched (x is positive)
then the spring pulls back. If the spring is compressed (x is negative) the spring pushes. The
parameter k is the spring constant and is a property of the spring. It is different for different
springs.
An elastic spring subjected to a stretching force of magnitude F will be stretched from its
equilibrium position by an amount x given by Hookes Law until the spring force, which pulls
back when the spring is stretched, balances the stretching force.
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Experiment 14
If you hang your spring on the supporting stand (Figure 1), it will be at its unstretched
length. Hanging a slotted weight of mass mload on it will subject it to the force of gravity on the
slotted weight F= mload g. This will cause the spring to stretch a distance x from its equilibrium
position according to Hookes Law until Fs = mload g.
will oscillate up and down with an amplitude a and a period T. The minus sign in Hookes Law
tells us why this happens. When the spring is stretched downward, it pulls upwards and then
becomes compressed. When it is compressed, it pushes downward and then becomes stretched,
and so on. The equation for period T is:
2 T = 2
Meff
k
where Meff is the effective mass = Mload + 1/3 Mspring. This correction follows from a more
accurate theory.
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Experiment 14
Scale Reading S
(cm)
tN
T=tN/N
meff
average
2. Load the hanger with m = 200 g and set the suspended mass into oscillation (as in Fig. 2(b))
with an amplitude of roughly 1 cm. Measure the time t N for N = 100 complete cycles.
Remember that in a complete cycle the mass starts in the original position and goes back to the
original position, i.e. from the top of the cycle down to the bottom and back to the top of the
cycle.
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Experiment 14
Theory: In equation 1 above, x represents the amount the spring stretched = (S - S o).
You can calculate the spring constant k from your data using equation 1 :
Fs = k (S - So)
Since the spring force exactly balances the weight of the mass mloadg, we can write:
mload g = k (S - So) = k S - k So
Solving for s we find
S = (g/k) mload + So
This shows a linear relationship between m and s with the slope = g/k and the y intercept of So.
For a plot of S vs m
slope = S/mload = g/k
k = g / slope
1. Plot S vs mload for all your data points (some points may be on top of each other). Label all
axes and write the units.
Calculate the slope = s/m (dont forget the units). Then calculate k using the equation
k = g / slope. What are the units of k? (Remember g = 980 cm/sec2)
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Experiment 14
Question #1 What is the purpose of measuring S both when loading and unloading. What is your
conclusion of this effect, based on your data?
Question #2 From looking at your graph, can you claim that you verified Hookes Law? Explain
your reasoning.
Theory: You can calculate k for all runs from this data using the equation for the period T:
T 2
meff
k
3 k
4 2 m eff
T2
2 Find the average value of k for Part II using Equation 3. Remember to write all units.
Question #3 Did you verify that the period of SHM is independent of amplitude? Explain.
Conclusion
3, Compare your results from Part I to your average results from Part II by calculating the
discrepancy as follows:
k (Part I) k (Part II)
.5*k (Part I) + k (Part II)
What are some reasons for the discrepancy?
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