Professional Documents
Culture Documents
. .
. .
. .
.
1429 2008 -
3
. .
.
.
:
-
.5244-11 .
-
961 1 850013/4/5 :
961 1 824854 :
beirut@unesco.org :
www.unesco.org/beirut :
2008
UNESCO 2008
Differentiating Instruction inside the Classroom
Teacher Manual to Improve Teaching/Learning Practices in the Arab States Schools
LB/2008/ED/PI/14
.
4
10 ...........................................................................................................................
12 ...........................................................................................................................
21
21 ..............................................................................................................................
24 ............................................................................................
26 ................................................................................................................
...... 29 ........................................................................................
33 ....................................................................................................................
36 ............................................................
39 ................................................................................
40 ........................................................
42 ..............................................................................................
43 ............
45 .........................
55
55 ....................................................................................................
56 ....................................................................................................
56 .....................................................................................................
57 ......................................................................
74 .......................................................................................
81 .....................................................................................................
83 ..................................................................................................
91
92 ..............................................................................................
96 ......................................................................
: 102 ............................................................................................
: 96 .............................................................................................
102 ...................................................................................
103 ....................................................................................
: 110 .........................................................................................
: 114 ........................................................................
: 115 ...............................................
: 107 ...............................................................................................
121
122 ..........................................................................
123 ..............................................................................
125 ...........................................................................
127 ........................................................................................
131 ..............................................................................
135 ...................................................................................
139 .....................................................................
140 ....................................................................................
141 ...................................................................................
143 .............................................................................
122 ............................................................................
144 ................................................................................
6
145 ................................................................
...... 146 .................................................................................................
151
: 152 ................................................................................................
152 ..............................................................................................................
153 ..............................................................................................................
154 ...............................................................
161 ...........................................................................................................
: 162 ............................................................................
162 ..............................................................................................................
164 .............................................................................................................
166 .............................................................................................................
167 ....................................................................................................
168 ...........................................................................................................
169 ...........................................................................................................................
173
174 .............................................................................................
174 ................................................................................
174 ........................................................................................
175 .................................................................................
177 ................................................................................................
177 .............................................................................................................
183 ...........................................................................................
7
183 ............................................................................................................
183 ..............................................................................
192 .........................................................
195 ...............................................................................................................
199
200 .......................................................................................................
201 .......................................................................................
202 ...................................................................................
205 ...............................................................
206 ....................................................................................................
212 ...........................................................................................................
213 ................................................................................................
214 ...................................................................................................
214 ................................................................................
216 ..........................................................
217 ...................................................................................
219 ....................................................................
220 ...................................................................................
225
226 ............................................................................................................
227 ........................................................................................................
230 .......................................................................................................
230 .........................................................................................................
233 ...................................................................................................
234 .....................................................................................
235 ................................................................................
231 ......................................................................................................
236 ...................................................................................................................
238 .............................................................................................
239 .........................................................................................................
246 ............................................................
242 ..............................................................................
239 ...............................................................................................
250 .........................................................................................................................
( )2000
.
.
.
.
(.)2003-1992
.
1994 .
.
( )2000
.2015
.
.
.
10
.
.
.
.
.
11
( )1989
( )1990
( )2000 .
/
.
.
.
.
.
( )2000
.
( )1999 1993
)12%( : ( )10%
( )25% .
.
12
.
.
!!!
.
.
()2007
/
. .
.
.
.
.
13
.
.
.
/ .
.
.
.
:
/
.
.
.
.
14
:
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
/
.
15
/
2008
3 :
4 :
5
6 :
7 :
8 :
17
......
19
.
.
.
.
. .
.
:
21
22
...
.
/ .
.
.... - 1
.... - 2
.... - 3
.... - 4
.... - 5
23
.
.
:
/
.
.
.
...
.
.
24
.
.
.
.
...
/
.
.
.
.
25
.
/
/
.
:
. .
.
.
.
.
.
...
.
!!!
26
...
1
2
3
4
5
...
27
28
.....
......
....
.............
........
...
.
1
2
3
4
5
...
29
......
.
( )1
Homogeneous Classroom
.
.
.
30
( )2
Hetrogeneous Classroom
( -
- ......) .
/
.
.
:
- 1 .
- 2 .
- 3 .
31
- 1 :
....................................- 1 ....................................- 1
....................................- 2 ....................................- 2
....................................- 3 ....................................- 3
- 2 :
....................................- 1 ....................................- 1
....................................- 2 ....................................- 2
....................................- 3 ....................................- 3
- 3 :
........................................................................................
........................................................................................
.......................................................................................
......
......
32
......
.
:
.
.
33
Multi-grade
/ .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
......
.
Bloom
.
34
( : - - - - -)
( : - - -
-).
.
2002
.
.
.
.
.
. ...... ( )1
.
35
( )
( )
( )1
:
( -)
.
.
36
:
:
- 1 .
- 2 .
- 3 .
- 4 .
- 5 .
- 6 .
- 7 .
:
:
- 1 .
- 2 .
- 3 .
" - 4
.
" - 5
.
" - 6
.
" - 7
.
.
" - 8
.
37
.
The Quality not the Quantity
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
38
Differentiating Instruction / Individualizing Instruction
.
.
...... .
:
.
.
.
......
( )2 .
39
( )2
.
. ( )2
.
( )3
.1
.
.1
.
-
.
40
.2 .2
()
.
.
.3 .3
.
.
.4 .4
.
.
.5 .5
.
.
41
....................................- 1
....................................- 2
....................................- 3
....................................- 4
....................................- 1
....................................- 2
....................................- 3
....................................- 4
/ ......
......
.
.
.
.
.
(
42
- - - - - - - .)......
( - - - -
......).
.
.
.
Standards Differentiating Instruction
.......
.
43
.
( ) (
).
.
......
.
.
44
:
.
.
.
( )
.
.
.
.
- -
.
.
.
:
:
.
45
...... .
.
.
...... .
.
.
.
.
( ) .
.
.
:
.
46
.
.
.
.
......
.
.
.
.
.
.
47
.
.
. ....................................................................................
...............................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
48
:
.
.
/
.
/ - -
.
/ :
.
.
.
.
...... .
49
...... .
.
.
. .
/ () .
.
.
50
51
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
53
.
.
:
55
.
.
. Inelusive Classrooms
.
. .
56
.......
.
(
) ( ).
.
:
: Multiple Intelligence
Gardner
.
.
57
.Collective Intelligence
.
.
.
:
- 1 /
...... .
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
L
- 2 /
.
.
.
M
58
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- 3 /
. .
.
K
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
59
- 4
.
M
)Musical Intelligenc (M
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
- 5 () )Interpersonal Intelligence (IP
P
.
() :
.
.
.
.
.
.
- 6 () )Intrapersonal Intelligence (IR
R
.
( )
.
60
() :
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
- 7
( )
.
.
)Naturalist Intelligence (N
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
- 8 /
() .
.
.
)Visual/Spatial Intelligence (VS
61
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
( )3
62
:
() .
() .
() / .
/ ( )6
.
.
63
() :
( )4
: .. : ....... : :
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
( ).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
64
() () ()
20
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
(
.)......
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
65
() () ()
42
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
().
.
.
.
.
.
.
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
66
() () ()
() :
( )5
M BK LM VI
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
*
*
*
*
IR IP
*
* *
*
*
*
* *
*
*
*
*
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
*
*
*
M BK LM VI
VS
*
*
67
IR IP
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
VS
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
() /:
( )6 /
: . : ...... ::
3
4
*
*
*
*
9
10
()VS
()N
()IR
()IP
()M( )BK( )LM( )VL
*
*
/.
: Learning Style
.
:
.
.
.
68
:
( )7
- 1 .
- 2 .
- 3 .
- 4 .
- 5 .
- 6 .
- 7 .
- 8 .
- 9 .
- 10 .
- 11 .
- 1 .
- 2 .
- 3 .
- 4 .
- 5 .
- 6 .
- 7 .
- 8 .
- 9 .
- 10 .
- 11 .
:
( )
.
:
- 1
.
69
....... - 1
.... - 2
.... - 3
.... - 4
.... - 5
- 2
.
.
70
....... - 1
.... - 2
.... - 3
.... - 4
- 3 :
.
.......
71
....... - 1
.... - 2
.... - 3
.... - 4
:
.
Senses
Feeling
ST
SF
NT
NF
Thinking
Intuition
( )4 .
.
Senses
.
Intuition
.
72
.
.
.
:
( )ST
.
( )SF
.
( )NT
.
( )NF
.
.
:
.............
........
:
.... - 1
.... - 2
.... - 3
73
..........
........
........
........
........
........
........
........
74
.
.
.
.
75
: ... : ...... ::
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5 = 1( : 2
= = 3 ).
- .. - .. . . - .. . . . - .. . . . . . - ..76
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
77
- 11
- 12
- 13
.....
- 14
.
- 15
......
- 16
78
- 17
- 18
- 19 :
. .
- . .
- 20 :
. .
. .
- 21 ( )............
- 22
79
- 23 ( )............
- 24
- 25
- 26
80
.
.
.
.
........
........
........
........
........
........
.
.
.
......
.
. .
81
: Anxiety
......
.
.
: Bordom
.
.
.
.
82
.
:
:
.
...... :
83
/ .
:
:
.... - 1
.... - 2
.... - 3
.... - 1
.... - 2
.... - 3
.
.
.
.
84
:
:
.... - 1
.... - 2
.... - 3
.... - 4
.... - 5
:
/
...... .
.
85
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.... - 1
....
.... - 2
....
.... - 3
....
:
.
86
........
........
........
........
........
........
:
.
.
.
.
.
...
87
: .
: .
. . : .
: .
: .
: .
89
91
. .
( )5
.
.
:
:
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
92
. .
( )6
Inputs
Process
Outputs
( )7
- 1 Inputs
.
.
.
93
- 2 Processes
. .
- 3 Outputs
.
- 4 Feed Back
. .
:
:
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
:
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
:
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
94
!!!
......
.
95
( )8
:
.
.
96
- 1 :
.
.
.. :
:
.... - 1
.... - 2
.... - 3
.... - 4
.... - 5
.... - 6
.
.
97
:
:
.... - 1
.... - 2
.... - 3
.... - 4
:
( -). . . .
.
98
:
:
:
- 2 :
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
99
- 3 :
......
.
( )
( ).
:
:
100
- 4 :
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
:
101
:
.
- 1 :Differential Teaching Process
.
.
.
.
. :
.
:
102
.
- 2 :Differential Learning Process
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
:
.
103
( )9 .
:
.
.
104
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
105
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
:
. . . . . - .
106
.
.
.
/
:
107
.
.
.
108
:
- 1 :
- .
- .
- . - .
- .
- .
- .
- 2 :
- .
-.
- .
- .
-.
-.
109
:
.
.
.
...... .
110
.
:
.
.
()2
()1
()5
()3
()4
( )10
111
.
.
( )11
112
( )12
.
.
.
.
113
:
. .
:
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
114
:
.
:
- 1 :
.
.
115
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
- 2 :
:
.
CD ....
.
.Websites With Voices
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
116
- 3 :Digital Enhancement
.
Multi Media
. Digital Enhancement
.
117
.
.
.
.
.
.
... .
.
.
.
.
.
119
...
.
.
.
121
Learning Centers
......
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
122
Flexible Grouping
.
.
.
. .
( )13 .
.
.
.
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
123
.
.
/
:
( - - ).
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
124
.
.
.
.
. :
. .
.
.
.
:
-
( . ).
-
.
() .
( - - - ......).
-
.
125
:
1
126
:
1
Learning Contracts
.
.
.
.
.
.
127
...................: ...................... : ...................... :
()
verification
evidence
....................
....................
....................
....................
....................
........................... :
........................... :
........................... :
/ :
.............................
/ :
:
........................ - 2
........................ - 1
........................ - 4
........................ - 3
( /) :
........................ - 2
........................ - 1
........................ - 4
........................ - 3
:
........................ - 2
........................ - 1
........................ - 4
........................ - 3
:
........................ - 2
........................ - 1
........................ - 4
........................ - 3
:
........................ - 2
........................ - 1
........................ - 4
........................ - 3
............................. :
............................. :
............................. :
.............................
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
128
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
..................
:
. ( -
)
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
......
.
.
.
.
129
.
.
.
:
1
130
:
1
Tiered Activities
.
.
131
.
. :
- 1
. :
() : .C
() : ()
.
() :
.
- 2
Complexity
.:
() :
.
() :
.
() :
.
132
- 3
:
() : .
() :
() : .
- 4
:
.
() :
.
() : ()
.
.
133
............................... :
................................................................................... :
..................................................................................................................
.................................................................................. :
..................................................................................................................
.................................................................................. :
..................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
134
. :
:
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
Anchor Activities
Anchor Activities /
.
.
.
. .
. .
135
:
-
.
-
.
- .
-
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
136
.
.
.
( .)
.
()
.
.
........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................
................................................................................................ - 1
................................................................................................ - 2
................................................................................................ - 3
................................................................................................ - 4
137
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
.
.
138
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
.
.
.
.
139
.... - 1
.... - 2
.... - 3
.... - 4
.... - 5
Proplem Solving
.
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
.
140
:
1
Case Studies
.
.
.
.
141
.
.
.
:
1
2
3
4
142
.
Think, Pair, Share
.
.
.
.
.
.
( )
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
143
()14
144
.
.
145
...
.
.
.
.
.
146
.
.
.
. ()
.
147
:
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
149
.
/
()
.
.
151
/.
.
.
.
.
( )15 .
-
( - )15 .
152
........................................................................................... - 1
................................................................................................ - 2
................................................................................................ - 3
................................................................................................ - 4
. . :
.
:
.
......
....
153
. - -
.
( )16
.
.
:
() :
.
:
154
.
.
..................................... - 1
...................................... - 2
...................................... - 3
...................................... - 4
...................................... - 5
..................................... - 1
...................................... - 2
...................................... - 3
...................................... - 4
...................................... - 5
155
() :
.
.
:
.
. .
.
:
.
156
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
...................................................................................... :
..................................................................................... :
..................................................................................... :
..................................................................................... :
:
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
157
() :
.
.
.
.
.
:
:
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
:
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
158
- 1
:
.
:
() :
.
.
.
.......
() :
:
.
159
( )17
() :
.
.
.
.
.
() :
.
160
- 2
.
Verbal
. Non Verbal
. body language:
.
.
.
.
161
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
:
:
/
( )
().
.
.
.
.
.
162
:
....................................- 2 ....................................- 1
....................................- 4 ....................................- 3
....................................- 6 ....................................- 5
:
....................................- 2 ....................................- 1
....................................- 4 ....................................- 3
....................................- 6 ....................................- 5
:
....................................- 1 ....................................- 1
....................................- 2 ....................................- 2
....................................- 3 ....................................- 3
163
.
/
....
.
.
.
. .
.
:
164
.
.
......
.
. .
165
.
.
:
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
. .
.
.
.
166
..............................................................................................- 1
...............................................................................................- 2
...............................................................................................- 3
...............................................................................................- 4
...............................................................................................- 5
...............................................................................................- 6
.
.
:
167
.
.
.
.
()
.
.
.
................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
.
.
168
:
1
.
.
.
169
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
171
.
( (UB D) Understanding By Design
( (D.I.) Differentiated Instruction
.
U
,
.
173
...... .
.
.
.
.
.
.... ( .)
.
174
.
.
.
. .
.
- - - - --
- - -.
175
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
....................................................... :
....................................................................................... :
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
176
.
.
......
.
.
.
.
.
The Six Facets of Understanding
.
.
.
:
177
: Explanation
.
.
: ...... .
()1
()2
: Interpretation
()1
178
()2
: Application
. :
. .
()1
()2
179
: Perceptive
. .
.
:
.
()1
()2
: Empathy
:
.
180
()1
.
.
()2
: Self-Knowledge
. . :
.
.
181
()
.
.
()5
()1
()3
()2
()6
( )18
182
()4
( )UBD
.
.
.
Backward Design .
:
/
( )19
183
:
.
.
.
( )3
( )2
( )1
( )20
:
( )1 :
.enduring understanding
.
184
( )2 :
important to know ( -
) .
.
( )3 :
information worth being familiar with
.
:
.
:
.
( )3 -
- ( )2
- -
( )1
:
...
.
185
( )1 :
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
( )2 :
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
( )3 :
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
( )1 :
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
( )2 :
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
( )3 :
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
186
( )1 :
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
( )2 :
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
( )3 :
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
( )1 :
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
( )2 :
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
( )3 :
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
187
:
.
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
to know . to understand
.
. .
188
.
.
Six Facets of Understanding
.
.
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
189
:
/
.
.
.
.
. Inclusive Education Schools
Inclusive Inclusive Classrooms
.
. :
- 1 ()
- 2 ()
190
- 3 ( )
- 4 ( )
/ .
( )
() .
( ) ( ) .
( ) () ( ) (
) ( ) ( ).
/
/ .
.
191
()1
( .
)
...
:
1
2
3
192
()2
(
)
.
.
:
1
2
3
193
()3
/
.
. Anchoring
Activities
.
/.
/.
1
2
3
194
. :
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
195
.
.
.
.
197
.
.
.
199
.
/
.
.
................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
.
Assessment of Learning Assessment for Learning
.
200
.
.
()
.
. .
.
Analytical & Diagnostie
Assessment :
.
.
.
201
.
.
...
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
... .
Summative
.
202
()
( )21 Formative Assessment
......
()
( )
........................................................................................ - 1
................................................................................................ - 2
................................................................................................ - 3
203
/
.
.
.
.
......
.
.
204
- 1 .
- 2
. .
.
:
.
205
.
:Fairness
.
:Equity
.
.
:
Pedagogical
Flexibility
Adaptation
Modification
( )23
206
: Pedagogical Flexibility
.
()
......
.
()
.
.
.
......
207
............................................. :
:
1
2
3
:
1
2
3
:
1
2
3
208
: Adaptation
.
.
.
.
.
.
....................................... - 1
....................................... - 2
....................................... - 3
209
: Modification
.
.
.
(
):
.
.:
" - 1
.
- 2
- 3
- 4
...... .
210
.
.
.
................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
211
................................................................................................ - 1
................................................................................................ - 2
................................................................................................ - 3
................................................................................................ - 4
................................................................................................ - 5
.
.
.
.
.
.
212
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
.
.
/
. :
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. Portofolio
213
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
........................................................................................... - 1
......................................................................................................
................................................................................................. - 2
......................................................................................................
................................................................................................. - 3
......................................................................................................
................................................................................................. - 4
......................................................................................................
................................................................................................. - 5
......................................................................................................
.
.
214
()1
()2
()3
()4
( )24
(........................................................................................ :)1
......................................................................................................
(........................................................................................ :)2
......................................................................................................
(........................................................................................ :)3
......................................................................................................
215
.
.
.
. :
- 1
.
.
- 2
.
.
.
216
- 3
.
.
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
.
.
.
217
.
:
- 1:
.
.
- 2:
.
.
.
- 3:
.
.
.
218
- 4:
.
.
.
.
:
:
- -
.
.
219
:
.
.
...... .
.
:
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
220
221
...
223
... :
225
... .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
226
...
...
.
/
.
...
.
227
/
/
...
......
. :
.
( ) .
.
/ ()
.
228
:
() () !!!
Micro Teaching
.
/
.
:
1
229
.
/
.
.
.
. :
... / .
.
.
.
.
.
. .
230
.
/
/ .
... !
.
.
.
.
...
......
231
.
...
...
... ... .
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
232
(
) .
( )
.
......
.
.
.
... (
)( )(
)
.
.
.
.
.
...
.Home Base
. .
233
...
................................................................................................ - 1
................................................................................................ - 2
................................................................................................ - 3
................................................................................................ - 4
.
.
:
.
234
...
.
.
... .
... .
... .
.
/
.
.
235
.
.
... :
.
.
.
.
/ :
236
( )25
237
( )15
.
.
.......
.
-
-
.
:
238
......
... ....
.
.
.
.
Caral ann Tomlinson Think V.S. Sink :
.
... .
...
.
.
239
.
.
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
... .
.
240
- .
.
.
:
( - - - - -
.......) .
.
( - -
......) .
.
.
......
.......
.
. .
241
. ()
.
.
.
.
...
242
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
....
.
.
243
......
:
- 1
.
.
. .
.
244
- 2
.
.
- 2 .
.
.
245
- 4
:
:
. .
......
Anchor activities
.
.
.
.
.
246
:
.
.
:
.
.
.
...
.
.
247
.
Education for all
( )
...... .
Inclusive Education
Inclusive School
. .Inclusive Classroom
( ) IBE
2007 ( )270 ( )65
.
.
28 - 25 2008
:
: Inclusive Education: The Way of the Future
.
.
/
.
.
.
.
...
249
:
- 1 ( :)2005 .
- 2 ( :)2002
.
- 3 ( :)2003 .
- 4 ( :)2005 .
- 5 ( :)2004
.2
- 6 ( :)1998 .
- 7 ( :)2004
.
- 8 ( :)2006 .
- 9 ( :)2006 .
- 10 ( :)1995
.
- 11 ( :)1997
(.)210
- 12 ( :)2007 .
- 13 ( :)2003 .
:
1- Ardith HarLe (2005): A Review of The Literature on Differentiating, Educational Studies
St. Marys College of Maryland, 2007 .
: Differentiating Instruction What is Differentiation?, Educational Studies St. Mary>s 2-
College of Maryland, 2007.
: Heterogenous Classrooms VS. Homogenous Classrooms, Educational Stadies, St. 3-
Mary>s College of Maryland, 2007 .
: More Strategies That Differentiate Instruction, Educational Studies St. Mary>s 4-
250
251
20- Mc Tighe, J.& Wggins, G (2004): The Understing by Design Professional Development
Work-Book, Alexandaria, VA, Association for Supervison and Curriculum Development,
Alexandria, Virginia.
21- Newton, Douglas. P (2000): Teaching for Understanding What is it ?, Routtedge
publishing, London.
22- Northey Sheryn Spencer (2005): Handbook on Differentiated Instruction fir Middle
and High Schools, Eye on Education Inc,Ny.
23- Paramore Jody (2001): Earth Science, South Central High School, Winterville,
NC,2007.
24- Scott Wilson (2007): Motion, Three Rivers Middle School Cleves, Ohio.
25- Silver Harvey F., Strong Richard W., Perini Mathew J. (2000): So Each May Learn,
Integrating Learning Styles and Multiple Intelligences, Association for Supervision and
Curriculum Development, Alexandria, Virginia.
26- Tomlinson Carol Ann (2001): How to Differentiate Instruction in Mixed-Ability
Classrooms, 2nd edition, Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development,
Alexandria, Virginia .
27- and Mc Tigre jay (2006): Integrating Differentiated Instruction Understanding
by Design, Connecting Content and Kids, Association for Supervision and Curriculum
Development, Alexandria, Virginia.
28- Tomlinson, Carol Ann (2000): Differentiating Instruction for Advanced Learners in
the Mixed-Ability Middle School Classroom, ERIC EC Digest, 2007.
29- : Reconcilable Differences and Standards-Based Teaching and Differentiation,
Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, ASCD, 2007.
30- and Edison, Caroline Cunningham (2002): Differentiation in Practice: A Resource
Guide for Differentiating Curriculum, Grades K-5, 2007.
31- & Mc, Tighe (2007): Integrating Differentiated Instruction & Understanding by
Design, Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, Alexandria, Virginia.
32- 1999( ) : The Differentiated Classroom Responding to The Needs of All Learners,
Alexandria.
33- Wathins, Chris (2000): Learning about learning, Resources for Supporting Effective
Learning, routledge publishing, London.
252
:
1- Carol Ann Tomlinson, Reconcilable Differences and Standards-Based Teaching and
Differentiation, www.ascd.org/ed_topics/e/200009_tomlison.htm
2- Davidson Institute for Talent Development, www.davidsoninstitute.org, www.
geniusdenied.com/articles/articleprintable.aspx?rid=13710.
3- John Dclare Admenis Trrator, History Teachers Discussion Forum, www.schoolhistory.
co.uk/forum/index.php?showtopic2992.
4- Gould, Holly C. (2007), Can Novice Teachers Differentiate? Yes, They Can. New
Horizons for Learning,
www.newhorizons.org/strategies/differentiated/gould.htm.
5- Kathrin Winkler Art Unit Bishop Smith Catholic High School, Pembroke Ontario, www.
help4teachers.com/katherinart.html.
6- Mary Ann Hess, Teaching in Mixed-Ability Classrooms, Teachers Guide Students down
many paths to a common destination, www.weac.org/kids/199899-/march99/differ.htm.
253