CNG N TP

MN HC: CU KIN IN T
Phn I: L THUYT
Cu 1: Bn dn thun (Si): Khi nim, cc c trng c bn. Phn bit s khc nhau v
mt bn cht gia vt liu dn in, vt liu cch in v vt liu bn dn.
Cu 2: Bn dn tp loi N v bn dn tp loi P: Khi nim, cc c trng c bn. S ph
thuc ca in tr sut (in dn sut) ca vt liu bn dn vo nhit c gii thch nh
th no?
Cu 3: V sao gi qu trnh ch to bn dn tp l qu trnh pha tp c iu khin, khi
nim tp cht phi c hiu nh th no? M t hin tng cn bng ng xy ra trong
bn dn, ngha vt l ca n.
Cu 4: Trnh by qu trnh hnh thnh v nhng c trng c bn ca mt ghp PN trng
thi cn bng. V sao gi min gii hn bi mt ghp PN l min ngho ng t?
Cu 5: M t mt ghp PN trng thi phn cc thun v phn cc ngc. Nu cc hiu
ng nh thng mt ghp PN.
Cu 6: Cu to v c tuyn Volt Amperre ca Diode bn dn (Diode chnh lu). Da
vo c tuyn V-A ch ra cc tham s c bn ca Diode (in tr tnh, in tr ng,
dng in, in p v cng sut gii hn, in p nh thng).
Cu 7: Trnh by phng php phn tch ch tnh c ti ca Diode. T ch ra tnh
cht dn in mt chiu ca n.
Cu 8: Trnh by phng php phn tch ch ng c ti ca Diode trong trng hp
ch c tn hiu xoay chiu tc ng ln Diode. V s , phn tch hot ng v v gin
thi gian ca mch chnh lu 2 na chu k (hoc chnh lu cu).
Cu 9: Trnh by phng php phn tch ch ng c ti ca Diode trong trng hp c
c ngun 1 chiu v tn hiu xoay chiu tc ng. ngha vt l ca qu trnh ny?
Cu 10: K tn v v k hiu ca mt s loi Diode thng dng. Dng c tuyn Volt
Amperr chng minh tnh cht n p ca Diode Zerner trong s n p c bn.

Cu 11: Trnh by cu to, nguyn tc hot ng v c tuyn ca Diode xuyn hm

(Tunnelling Diode).
Cu 12: Trnh by cu to ca Transistor lng cc. Da vo cu to ca Transistor lng
cc hy cho bit: C th dng Transistor nh mt Diode c khng? Nu c th phi
mc Transistor nh th no? C th dng hai Diode mc thnh mt Transistor c
khng? V sao?
Cu 13: Nu phng php phn cc v nguyn tc hot ng ca Transistor lng cc
trong ch khuch i. Vit cc phng trnh dng in m t mi quan h dng in trn
cc cc.
Cu 14: V s kho st, trnh by phung php xy dng h c tuyn u vo v u
ra ca BJT trong cch mc B chung.
Cu 15: V s kho st, trnh by phng php xy dng h c tuyn u vo u ra
ca BJT trong cch mc E chung. Phn tch h c tuyn u ra.
Cu 16: Phng php xy dng cc h thng tham s vi phn ca BJT. Phng trnh m t
cc h thng tham s vi phn. Mi quan h gia cc h thng tham s vi phn (trong cng
mt cch mc).
Cu 17: Trnh by phng php phn tch ch hot ng c ti ca BJT loi PNP mc
theo s E chung, thin p bng ngun c nh. T ch ra cc tham s gii hn ca
BJT.
Cu 18: Trnh by cu to v nguyn tc hot ng ca JFET (mt loi bt k no ).
Cu 19: Trnh by cu to v nguyn tc hot ng ca MOSFET (mt loi bt k no ).
Cu 20: Trnh by cu to, nguyn tc hot ng v c tuyn Volt Amperre ca
Dinhistor v Thiristor. ng dng ca chng trong thc t.
Cu 21: C s vt l, cu to, nguyn tc hot ng v ng dng ca quang tr (nu v d
c th v ng dng).
Cu 22: C s vt l, cu to, nguyn tc hot ng v ng dng ca Photo Diode.
Cu 23: C s vt l, cu to, nguyn tc hot ng v ng dng ca Photo BJT.
PHN 2: BI TP
Tt c cc dng bi tp ra trn lp.

Ch thm cc cu sau:
Cu 1:
Cu hi: Cho mch in nh hnh v: hy cho bit cch to im cng tc (cch thin p)
l loi no?
Chng minh rng, nu h s truyn t dng in cc gc ca BJT tha mn >>1, th
dng Ic c xc nh gn ng I c

EC I c 0 .RB
.
RB .RT

RB
RT

EC

Gi tr li:
y l mch to thin p v n nh im lm vic cho BJT mc E chung bng phn hi
m in p mt chiu t cc gp (HS t ch ra tnh cht n nh ca mch ny).
xc nh Ic ta da vo h phng trnh:

Ec I .RT I b .RB

I c .I b

Ec I .RT U CE
I I b I c

, vi ch v >> 1 +1 , gii h phng trnh, ta

thu c pcm.
Cu 2:
Cu hi: Cho mch in nh hnh v, hy lp cng thc gn ng xc nh tr khng u
vo Zvo v h s khuch i dng in KI (dng in u ra ly trn in tr RE).

+ EC

T1,1

T2,2

Zvo

T3,3

RE

Gi tr li:
S dng h phng trnh dng in v in p cho mch mc phi hp cc BJT vi ch
: Ube1, Ube2, Ube3 0, 1, 2, 3 >> 1, b qua Ic0 ca cc BJT ta c:

I e1 I b 2 1 I b1 1 I v

I e 2 I b3 2 I b 2 1 2 I v

I e 3 I ra 3 I b 3 1 2 3 I v
U v I ra RE

, t ta xc nh c:

I ra
K

1 2 3
I

Z Uv R
1 2 3 E
vo I v
Cu 3:
Cu hi: Cho mch in nh hnh v, cho c tuyn ca transistor. Hy xc nh im
cng tc trn h c tuyn.

RC=3,2k

RB1=88k

EC=20v

RB2=17,2 k

RE=780

IC
ma
6
125a
100a

75a

50a

2
IB

10

15

25a

20 Uce(V)

Gi tr li:
Trc ht, p dng nh l my pht in ng tr, a s v dng c phn
tch vi cc tham s ca ngun in ng tr u vo nh sau:

UB

Ec RB 2
;
RB1 RB 2

RB

RB1 RB 2
; Sau , xy dng h phng trnh cho mch:
RB1 RB 2

 U B I b RB I e RE (1)

Ec I c RC U ce I e RE
I I I
b
c
e

(2) . xc nh im cng tc ca BJT trn c tuyn,

(3)

ta xc nh 2 mi quan h:
- Mi quan h th nht (ng ti tnh ca mch) c xc nh gn ng khi coi I c
xp x Ie, t (2) ta c:

Ic

Ec U ce
, ng ti ny i qua 2 im:
RC RE

A: khi Ic = 0 th Uce = Ec
B: khi Uce = 0 th Ic = Ec/(RC + RE)
- Mi quan h th hai (ng ti ng) c xc nh bng cch bin i h phng
trnh tm quy lut ph thuc tuyn tnh ca Uce vo Ib, sau khi bin i, mi quan h
c xc lp:

R RE RB RE

R RE
U ce Ec C
U B I b RE C
1
2
R
R

E
E

Mi quan h trn xc nh ng thng i qua 2 im:
M1: Chn Ib = Ib1 Uce = Uce1;
M2: Chn Ib = Ib2 Uce = Uce2;
T xc nh c im lm vic M l giao ca 2 ng ti ni trn, t v tr ca
M, ta xc nh cc gi tr Ib, Ic v Uce tng ng.

Cu 4:
Cu hi: Cho s mch in nh hnh v sau:

Rb1

Ec
Rc

Rb2

Uce
T,

Bit Transistor c = 0,98, Ico = 10A, Ec = +24V, Rb1 = 1M, Rb2 = 500K, Rc =
5K.
Hy tnh gi tr in p Uce v dng in cc gp Ic trong hai trng hp ng vi
kho K ng vo hai v tr khc nhau.
Gi tr li:
Khi K ng vo v tr trn: y l s thin p bng dng c nh, ta c h phng trnh:

Ec I b Rb

(1)

, gii h phng trnh, ta thu c:

Ec I c Rc U ce (2)
I I 1 I

c 0 (3)
b
c

Ib

Ec
E
; I c . c 1 I c 0 ; U ce Ec I c Rc
Rb
Rb

* Khi K ng vo v tr di: y l s thin p bng phn hi m in p, ta c h

phng trnh:

Ec I b Rb I b I c Rc

Ec I b I c Rc U ce

I c I b 1 I c 0
Ib

Ec 1 I co .Rc
Rb Rc

(4)
(5) , gii h phng trnh ta thu c:
(6)

; I c .I b 1 I c 0 ; U ce Ec I c I b Rc I b Rb

Cu 5:
Cu hi: Cho s mch in v c tuyn l tng ho ca cc diode nh hnh v sau:

Ith (mA)
R
+
E
-

D1

rth = 1/tg = Ri

D2

Uth (V)

Eth

Bit hai diode c cc tham s:

D1: Eth1 = 0,2V; rth1 = 20 ;
D2: Eth2 = 0,6V; rth2 = 16.
Hy tnh dng in chy qua tng diode khi R = 1K v 10K. Bit E = 200V.
p s:
Trng hp R = 1K ta c: ID1 = 53,8mA, ID2 = 45mA
Trng hp R = 10K ta c: ID1 = 10mA, ID2 = 0.
Cu 6:
Cu hi: Cho mch in nh hnh v : Bit rng : R HC=10k, EXC= 5v, E= = 20v; I0 =
10A; tnh nhit trong phng, cho hng s Bolzmahn K = 1,38.10-23 (J/oK).
Hy xc nh in p u ra U RA1 v URA2 bit rng 3 Diode c tham s ging ht
nhau.
RHC

EXC
URA1
E=

URA2

Gi tr li:
S dng phng php tnh gn ng: c 3 diode u phn cc thun nn R D=RD1 + RD2 +
RD3 << RHC dng in chy trong mch c tnh:

I Uv/RHC vi Uv = E= + Exc
T xc nh c Imax Uvmax/RHC v Imin Uvmin/RHC.
Tip theo, p dng cng thc tnh ton i vi tng Diode:

I = ID =I0 e

UD
UT

-1 ta xc nh c UDmax v UDmin ng vi Imax v Imin. T , xc

nh c Ura1 v Ura2 vi lu :
+ Ura1 ch gm c thnh phn xoay chiu
+ Ura2 gm c thnh phn 1 chiu v xoay chiu
+ 3 diode c tham s ging ht nhau.
Cu 7:
Cu hi: Cho mch in nh hnh v: Hy xc nh dng in chy qua tng Diode. Bit
rng: Khi dng kiu mu mt chiu tuyn tnh ha c tuyn ca cc Diode th ta c:
D1 c cc tham s :Rth1= 10, Eth1=0,2v
D2 c cc tham s : Rth2=15, Eth2=0,3v
D3 c cc tham s : Rth3=20 , Eth3= 0,5v
E0=70v, RHC= 5k
RHC

E0

D1

D2

D3

Gi tr li:
Nhn xt: D1 lun lun thng (v nu D1 tt th c 3 Diode u tt v l do E0 >>
Eth3).
Gi s c 3 Diode u thng iu kin Ura = UD > Eth3. Phng trnh nh lut
Ohm vit cho ton mch nh sau:

 I I1 I 2 I 3

E0 I .RHC U D trong :
U D Ethi
I

, i 1, 2,3
i

R
thi

(I)

Thay cc biu thc dng

in v cc tham s vo phng trnh, ta tnh c:

UD

Eth1 Eth 2 Eth3

RHC
R
R
R
th 2
th 3
th1
, thay s vo ta tnh c U D, so snh vi iu
RHC RHC RHC
1

Rth1 Rth 3 Rth 3

E0

kin:
- Nu iu kin tha mn, ta tnh I1, I2, I3 theo h phng trnh (I).
- Nu iu kin khng tha mn D3 tt I3 = 0, tip tc gi s D2 thng UD >
Eth2, tnh ton tng t ta c:

UD

Eth1 Eth 2

RHC
Rth1 Rth 2
li so snh vi iu kin:
RHC RHC
1

Rth1 Rth 2

E0

+ Nu iu kin tha mn, tnh I1, I2 theo (I).

+ Nu iu kin khng tha mn D2 cng tt I2 = 0 v ch cn D1 thng, khi
:

UD

Eth1
RHC
R
th1
v I1 cng c xc nh theo (I). + EC
R
1 HC
RC
Rth1

E0

Cu 8:

UCE

Cu hi: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Hy xc nh in p U CE, URE khi ng v m kha

R

kha K

B
K. Bit rng
EC=20V, RC=2k, RE=500

EB

EB=2V, RB= 10k ; = 0,92; IC0 = 10A.

RE

URE
- EC

Gi tr li:
* Khi ng K: y l s thin p t phn cc s dng 2 ngun, ta c h phng
trnh:

EB I b RB I e RE (1)

Ec I c RC U ce I e RE

(2)

I c I b 1 I co (3)
I I I ( 1) I 1 I
b
c
b
co
e
Ib

EB 1 I co RE
RB 1 RE

, gii h phng trnh ta tm c:

(4)

; thay vo (3) ta tm c Ic, t tm c Ie, thay vo (2) ta tm

c Uce. Sau xc nh URE = Ie.RE.

* Khi m K: Ib = 0, dng chy qua BJT lc ny l dng xuyn cc gp ban u c
xc nh:

I c I e I ceo
Cu 9:

I co
; T xc nh c Uce = Ec - (RC + RE).Iceo, URE = Iceo.RE.
1

Cu hi: a) Cho h thng tham s h mch ca mt BJT no , hy tm h thng tham s

ngn mch v tham s hn hp ca BJT .

b) Cho s mc hn hp cc BJT nh hnh v sau:

T1,1

T2,2

Bit hai BJT c h s truyn t dng tnh cc pht l 1 v 2. Hy chng t rng s

trn tng ng vi mt BJT c h s truyn t dng tnh cc pht l *(1+2 1.2).
T h thng tham s h mch, xc nh h thng tham s ngn mch v h thng tham s
hn hp:
Y11 = Z22/Z; Y12 = -Z12/Z; Y21 = -Z21/Z; Y22 = Z11/Z
H11 = Z/Z22; H12 = Z12/Z22; H21 = -Z21/Z22; H22 = 1/Z22;
trong Z = Z11Z22 - Z21Z22.
p dng cc cng thc m t quan h ca dng in trn cc cc BJT:
Ta c: * Ic / Ie trong Ie = Ie1, Ic = Ic1 + Ic2
ng thi: Ic1 1Ie1; Ic2 2Ie2 2Ib1 2(Ie1 Ic1)
T suy ra pcm.

Cu 10:

RB3

RB1

RC

Cu hi: Cho mch in nh

v. Hy
1 hnhKha
K xc nh cch to im cng tc khi kha K ln
lt cc v tr 1, 2, 3. Tnh cc gi tr dng in v in p ng vi 3 trng hp khi
2

EC
3
bit: =60; EC = 25v;
R EB = 2v; RC = 1k; RE = 200; RB1 = 100k; RB2 = 10k;
B4

RB3=100k; RB4 =50 k.

RB2
EB

RE

Gi tr li:
* Khi K ng vo v tr 1: y l mch thin p cho BJT bng dng c nh c phn
hi m dng in mt chiu t E v B. Khi ta c h phng trnh:

Ec I b RB1 I e RE (1)

Ec I c RC U ce I e RE (2)

I c I b (3)
I e I b I c ( 1) I b

Gii h 4 phng trnh ny, ta thu c cc

(4)

gi tr cn tm:

Ib

U ce Ec

Ec
;
RB1 1 RE

Ic

Ec
;
RB1 1 RE

E R RC
Ec
Rc 1 RE c B1
RB1 1 RE
RB1 1 RE

* Khi K ng vo v tr 2: y l s t phn cc s dng 1 ngun. tnh ton

s ny, ta p dng nh l My pht in ng tr chuyn v s tng ng ging
nh trng hp K ng vo v tr 3 nhng thay ngun E B bng ngun UB, thay in tr RB2
bng RB vi:

UB

Ec RB 4
RB 3 RB 4
; RB
RB 3 RB 4
RB 3 RB 4

Ta c h phng trnh:

 U B I b RB I e RE (5)
E I R U I R (6)
c
c C
ce
e E

I c I b (7)
I e I b I c ( 1) I b
Ib

UB
;
RB 1 RE

U ce Ec

Gii h phng trnh ny, ta thu c:

(8)
Ic

U B
;
RB 1 RE

UB
Rc 1 RE
RB 1 RE

* Khi K ng vo v tr 3: y l s t phn cc s dng 2 ngun. Tnh ton

hon ton tng t nh trng hp trn, thay UB bng EB, RB bng RB2 nh cho trong
bi.