41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4.10 4 4.12 413 414 415s 416 417 4.19 4.20 Tables and Figures for Fluid Flow Properties of Water. Physical Properties of Air at 1 atm, Kinematic Viscosity v of fluids (Crane, Fig A-2). Flow Coefficient C for Nozzles (Crane, Fig A-20). Flow Coefficient C for square-edged Orifices (Crane, Fig A-20). ‘Net Expansion Factor Y for Compressible Flow Through Nozzles and Orifices (Crane, Fig A-20), Critical Pressure Ratio, r, for Compressible Flow through Nozzles and Venturi Tubes (Crane, Fig A-21) Resistance in Pipe due to Sudden Enlargement and Contraction (Crane, Fig A-26). Resistance due to Pipe Entrance and exit (Crane, Fig A-26). Additional Frictional Loss for Turbulent Flow Through Fittings and Valves (Perry, Table 5-14). Equivalent Length of Pipe Fittings and Valves (Perry, Fig 6.5). Properties of Steel Pipe (Perry, Table 6.6). Roughness factors (¢ expressed in feet) for Commercial Pipes (Crane, Fig A-4) Friction factor Chart (McCabe & Smith, Fig 5-10) Friction factor Chart, Ng. Vf vs. f (McCabe & Smith, Fig 5-11) Upper Limits of Specific Speeds of Single-Stage Single- and Double-suction Centrifugal ‘Pumps handling clear water at 85 °F (Perry, Fig 6-10). Upper Limits of Specific Speeds of Single-Suction (Perry, Fig 6-11), Approximate Relative Impeller Shapes and Efficiency Variations of Various Specific ‘Speeds of Centrifugal Pumps (Perry, Fig 6-12). Typical Pump Suction and Discharge Piping Arrangements (Perry, Fig 6-13) Typical Selection Chart for Centrifugal Pumps (Perry, Fig 6-16) -d-Flow and Axial-Flow Pumpsfob 41 Properties of Water Temp, | Vapor | p, Ib/f* B k,Bu/ | ¢,, Brus Pr °F | press, Io(ftbs) | (hft.°F) | (b.°F) psi 40 | 0122 | 6243 | 3.74 | 0326 | 1.0041 | 115 so | 0178 | 6241 { 3.16 | 0.334 | 1.0013 | 9.49 60 | 0256 | 6236 | 272 | 0341 | 09996 | 7.98 70 | 0363 | 6230 | 237 | 0347 | 0.9987 | 6.81 so | 0507 | 6222 | 208 | 0353 | 09982 | 5.89 90 | o«ss | 6212 | 185 | 0358 | 0.9980 | 5.15 100 | 0949 | 6200 | 165 | 0363 | 0.9980 | 4.55 vio | 128 | 6186 | 149 | 0367 | 0.9982 | 4.06 120 | 1.69 | 61.71 135 | 0371 | 0.9985 | 3.64 130 | 2.22 | 6155 | 1.24 | 0375 | 0.9989 | 3.29 vo | 289 | 6138 | 113 | 0378 | 0.9994 | 3.00 130 | 3.72 | 61.20 | 1.05 | 0381 | 1.0000 | 2.74 160 | 4.74 | 61.00 | 0.968 | 0.384 | 1.0008 | 2.52 170 | 599 | 6080 | 0.900 | 0386 | 1.0017 | 233 iso | 751 | 6058 | 0.839 | 0388 | 1.0027 | 217 190 | 934 | 6036 | 0.785 390 | 1.0039 | 2.02 200 | 11.53 | 60.12 | 0.738 | 0.392 | 1.0052 | 1.89 212 | 14696 | 5983 | 0686 | 0394 | 1.0070 | 1.76To-ble YP Physical Properties of Air at 1 atm Temp, |p, loi? | u, k,Bu/ |c,Bu | Pr 2.B.p%H%, °F Tbh) | (n.A.*F) | (ib.°F) 1(f.°F) 0 0.0861 0.0392 0.0130 0.240 0.720 4.39*108 32 0.0807 0.0416 0.0140 0.240 0.715 3.21*108 50 0.0778 0.0431 0.0144 0.240 0.713 2.70*108 100 | 0.0710 | 0.0460 | 0.0156 | 0.240 0.705 | 1.76*108 150 [0.0651 | 0.0491 |o.0169 0241 _|0.702_| 1.22"10° 200 | 0.0602 | 0.0520 | 0.0180 | 0.247 0.694 | 0.840*10° 250 [0.0559 |0.0s49 0.0192 |0.242 | 0.692 _| 0.607"10° 300 | 0.0523 | 0.0874 |0.0204 |0243 | 0.689 | 0.454*108 350 |0.0490 |oocos [0.0215 |o244 | 0.687 | 0.336"10¢ 400 | 0.0462 | 0.0629 0.0225 |0.245 | 0.686 _| 0.264"10° 450 | 0.0437 | 0.0656 0.0236 |0.246 | 0.674 | 0.204*10° 500 0.0413 | 0.0678 | 0.0246 | 0.247 | 0.680 | 0.163"10°*c Temperature 1020 500 200_300 300 50 o 5 7,000 F=Sp gr at 60°F Felative to water | aeor 200300 400. 600 80 100 30 40 2 0 Fig. A-2 emperature,*F Fg 4) Kinematic viscosity v of fluids.Aged Flow Coefficient C for Nozzles” Tati 1 = Reynolds number vasee oe dy Fig 4-5 Flow Coefficient C for Square-Edge Orifices””ot-W “AL ay vo so 90 £0 80 60 ol 7 S50 ser \ i) 1M 00 ! ayzz0u 10 8qn) uNjuaA i | t h ~ s9°0 90 soky = 1 N ozo y a NY S80) } z 4 SLO so—tNt “a seo : Lo—4 90 080 soz | ‘a SSS S80 aq PS SSW +060 ( vis¥ Lo} \) eq=-weg ~~ sep 10 padpa-asenbs, «| 90 so vo €0 co v0 0° : lay ta— "dy A ‘s0;20} vorsuede “s10joRy ssuedxe 99 -p 6:4sec rersica, montis OF NUD) AND Now CHUMAEYTRENES OF vuvts, tings AnD PvE CRANE As20 avrenone F5 4GL Net Expention Factor, Y For Compressible Flow through Nozzles and Orifices® Pressure Ratio — S—CRANE _strewou a -rersicas reOrenits oF rules Ane now cut 13 OF VAWES_ TINGS, AND ME Ast Fig 47 Critical Pressure Retio, re For Compressible Flow through N s ond Venturi Tubes”APFENDIE A= PHYSICAL PROFEETIES OF HUIDS AND FLOW GHABACTTHISTICS OF VAIWES, ATIINGS. ANE PIPE CRANE Resistance in Pipe Resistance Due to Sudden Enlorgements and Contractions” Bote Sudden enlargement: The resst- ence covflicient K for a sudden en frum cinch Schedule inch Schedule 40 pine is the winch pir sice Sudden contraction: The te ficient K for a sud 08 07 te OF 10 FIG-U-G — Resistence Due to Pipe Entrance and Exit = = a Problem: Determine the total re- sistance coeficient for @ pipe one Siumeter ng having a sharp edaed pace ee entrance and a sharp edged exit Prec founded Ewronce Enronce The resistance of pipe long is small and can be LL), neglected ( From the diazrams, note ale > Resistance for a sharp edged entrance = 0.5 Resistance for a sharp edged exit = 10 rece tondee Then Pipe ‘tn the total resist ¢, K, for the pipe = 1.5 eaast eoirr eee Toute t © TABLE 5-14 Additional Frictional Loss for Turbulent Flow through Fittings and Valves” ‘Additional friction loss, equivalent no. of Type of fitting or valve velocity heads, K 45° ell, standard®<4ef 0.35 45° ell, long radius® , 02 90° ell, standard®e“/-5* 075 Long radius™*4 0.45 Square or miter* 13 180° bend, close return" 1S Tee, standard, along run, branch blanked off* o4 Used as ell, entering runé! 10 Used as ell, entering branch 10 Branching flow'#* y Coupling 0.04 Union? 0.04 Gate valve," open 017 % open” 03 ¥ open” 45 | X open” 240 Diaphragm valve,° open 23 open" 26 ¥ open" 43 X open” 210 Globe valve, bevel seat, open 60 ¥ open* 95 Composition seat, open 60 ¥ open" 85 Plug disk, open 90 Kopen” 130 X open" 36.0 X open" 1120 Angle valve,** open 20 Y or blowoff valve," open . Plug cock? (Fig. 5-42) @= 5° 0.05 10° 039 20° 156 40° 173 60° 206.0 Butterfly valve? (Fig. 5-43) 6 =" 5° 024 10° 052 29° 1.54 40° 108 60° 1180 Check valve," swing 2.08 Disk 10.0" Ball 5 700° Foot valve® 15.0 Water meter,* disk 7.0" Piston 15.0" 109° 6.0 ipple, Chem. Eng., 56(5), 96-104 (1948), general survey reference. Flow of Fluids through Valves, Fittings, and Pipe,” Tech, Pap. 410, Crane} "Co, 1969. “Freeman, Experiments upon the Flow of Water in Pipes and Pipe Fit- ,, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1941 Giesecke, J. Am. Soc. Heat. Vent. Eng. 32, 461 (1926) “Pipe Friction Monual 94 ed, Hydraulic Institute, New York, 1961 ie} Racin Few 88 18) @149 (ORM tin,7 a Angle Valve, Open Co ‘Swing Check Valve, Fully Open ‘Through Side Outlet Standard Elbow ot run, ‘Tee reduced 12 a8 at Beeep Fbow or run of Tee reduced 1 Gea Long Sweep Elbow oF Funof Standard Tee lo of | al | ution Conracin 40-4 i0- 4/D-%4 Te 3000 (900) 2000 (600) 1000 1300) T 500 (250) 300 90) 200 (60) f-100 130) Eso 23) 3049) 20(6) 308) os) 3 £1 (03) Fos (os) 03 10.09) 0.2 (0.06) 0.1 (0.03), FIG. 6-5 Equivalent length of pipe fitings and valves. (Crane Co.) Fiye— I Note: For sudden colar. fen or susan Cont niobene 2106: 26151 e x06 621 (61.0 185.9 ‘asa 18 145.7) 16 (40.6) 2 (38.6 ots baoess 9 (223) 8 (203) 71178) HE} sornds smn P tnoad 35 9b TP 30.60 24 16.) 26.L3 45) 14 (38) 113.2) TRAST 25 un #113) CosiasyJobe ble T 7 Grewia | | (Capacity at t/s i Cement te wei Nomina! | Owade | | watt | tice Weight of Sipe faamere,| Schedule Hees | ameter, | Mel os pend [Same | Stag [nt [Same | MEET iw. footie Ince | mir |Bh water [pert ¥ [eas [ies [oe | com | ease |oomsi| aioe) oom | oxi] uss] 018 {eer aos | oss | “aon | “ors “oano | ios] orm | Sirs! tos] ae des | te | 2s | a] Sons | os} oom | tis} $33) 3) x | ese fioe | aes | ae | oe va) am | ae] ams] ssraos | oss | ee | is in| om | 88] 85) foxes |e 1st ii} ow | “ai| ise) St x | oes {ios os 12s i] aa | ze) ass] @ ‘esr, 405 | oot i i] te | Sel mse] fxs oes | 25 aH mln | ie] Bos) x | ose | ss 6 18 90 mi] aol 3s 198 ‘3 is 2 in| seo] & ost aas | ton 25) oss | E20) fans. om | het 220 ore | 330] 109 180 is cay | aes) 13 jx c= ois) “hs] 1h x | tose | ss os 202 | 10%0| os | os ioe | ‘sors }aost, 408 | 133. 1.665, oa wens aes | se iss | eas ie | aor | ss x | asi | Hos | ass | ss | sus | 3s 1s poe esr ans Fred Sox 5s 20 io iss : s oes 3 we | ree0 | 55 1 i i a5 : axe a8 i rey ate x a | = oe | Sn ws | ise | ss a5 48 oss | uss 18s ts to tes | ie csr. aos | is a i | a wexs.es | 20 a ze | 36 {0 a 30 aio | fee Bs 0 ie he | ea 2 | sss | ss os sss an | 16 18s to $e sees | ee | 4067. 405 | ast st Ss | os osrians | ie sot wo | sm 10 Sa ae | fa m oe fe | sn os | ass | as a o72s 28 8 2 | To is ‘esr, 10s | a Hoe tee i sons ons | ass ism |, too = Fe6 ts as Bes ihe [tse [von a se as vse | ano | ine 2 | seo | ss oss oss so [zr | ss60s | [198 120 1a 53 | 2602 | 13.010 } | 4057, 405 | 216 2228 a | 2500 | 11500 | |eoxs: sts | 300, ois tse | toss | lears | [ite ‘6s is a [ies | ‘Sao } [ax foo 36 so jis | ss w lao [ss | os Lon roo | asse | 27000 1 9 143 Jesse | seer | Tiss csr aos | as jooss | 20m | isso sons acs | Sis jossr | arse | saas0 + fas fs 3 uss | ao | exe00 | ee 188 i tits [act | a0 | ser ater as | 50 | lies | ase | foam | 000 tors oes | 3st | fie |e | raw | teas5 Pipe IComnued [Sees | Flow, fouside CCapaiy at M/s ele US pal Be BUSeerEcESEEs ff ma 288 23 eee 66 usTABLE 66 Properties of Stee Pipe (Conn crewmen] cai crests ares | i orice ce ttl eng " Nomi!) Ouside watt | tide et toe Wego aril Smet | Schedule [thee [dames | Mee vs] alaend rea dimes, | MEE | row. t? [owde {tide min h/h wate | pipe h/t sso | a7 | Ssunoo | case | Boom sm | | Ey Soir | save | Isss | 2aoas | _T Pump stot fg Parte sto sine _ | discrorge S14.5m} (3m) (Ce) Suction lift ond {d )Stotic suction head ond varying s.schar submerged dischorge Maximum level (1) Stotie suction heod one verying discharge head FIG. 6-13 Typical pump suction and discharge piping arrangements. Fg. 4-19Summary of Essential Data Required in Selection of Centrifugal Pumps 1. Number of Units Required 2, Nature of the Liquid to Be Pumped Is the liquid: e. Fresh or salt water, acid or alkali, oil, gasoline, slurry, or paper stock? ®. Cold or hot and if hot, at what temperature? What is the vapor pressure of the liquid at the pump- ing temperature? c. What is its specific gravity 2, Is it viscous or nonviscous? e. Clear and free from suspended for- eign matter or dirty and gritty? If the latter, what is the size and nature of the solids, end are they abrasive? If the liquid is of a pulpy nature, what is the consistency ex- pressed either in percentage or in Tb per cu ft of liquid? What is the suspended material? J. What is the chemical analysis, pH value, ete.? What are the expected variations of this analy Ii cor- rosive, what has been the past ex- perience, both with successful ma- terials and with unsatisfactory ma- terials? Capacity ‘What is the required capacity as well as the minimum and maximum amount of liquid the pump will ever be called upon to deliver? 4, Suction Conditions Is there: a. A suction lift? . b. Ora suction head? c, What are the length and diameter of the suction pipe? 5. 10. M. 12, Discharge Conditions a. What is the static head? I stant or variable? b. What is the friction head? c. What is the maximum discharge pressure against which the pump must deliver the liquid? con- Total Head Variations in items 4 and 5 will cause variations in the total heat Is the service continuous or intermit- tent? Is the pump to be installed in a hori- zontal or vertical position? If the latter, a. Ina wet pit? b. Ina dry pit? What type of power is available to Grive the pump and what are the char- acteristics of this power? What space, weight, or transportation limitations are involved? Location of installation a. Geographical location b. Elevation above sea level ¢. Indoor or outdoor installation d, Range of ambient temperatures ‘Are there any specia} requirements or marked preferences with respect to the design, construction, or performance of the pump? -s. 616° Typical selection chart for centrifugal pumps. (Worthington Corp.) Fig {20