aeStand Out 1 ~ Grammar Challenge: THOMSONTHOMSON ——- HEINLE Stand Out Grammar Challenge 1 First published © 2002 by: Heinle Original ISBN 0-8384-3924-1 Copyright © 2002 Heinle, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a ‘trademark used herein under license. ‘The edition is reprinted in Mexico by Thomson Learning (Ibero America), with Permission from Heinle & Heinle, for sale in Latin America only. For more information, contact Thomson Learning (Ibero America), Seneca 53, Colonia Polanco, 11560 Mexico, D.F., Mexico. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storage and retrieval systems ~ without the written permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this text or product, contact us by Tel : (52) 55 5281-2906 Fax: (52) 55 5281-2656 ‘Thomson Learning offices in Ibero America: Bogoté, Madrid, Mexico, San Juan, So Paulo, Printed in Mexico 2345 06050403 ISBN 1-4130-0455-5,TO THE TEACHER Stand Out Grammar Challenge I challenges students to develop and expand their grammar skills through sixty-four guided exercises or “challenges.” Each Challenge include: Charts Clear grammar charts help the teacher lay out the structure's components and provide useful example sentences. Notes Notes within the charts help students understand important shifts in language use and meaning through concise explanations. Practice Exercises challenge students to master grammar structures while reviewing the vocabulary and thematic contexts actively taught in Stand Out Student Book 1. Additional exercises reinforce grammar structures passively introduced in Stand Out Student Book 1 contexts. How to use the Stand Out Grammar Challenge 1 workbook ‘The Stand Out Grammar Challenge 1 workbook can be used in a variety of ways: + The grammar challenges can be assigned daily or on an as-needed basis. + The grammar challenges can be completed individually, with a partner, or asa class. + Students may complete challenges at home or in the classroom. + Instructors can provide guided feedback upon completion, or ask students to self-correct or peer-edit All exercises are formatted to provide for ease of correction and assessment. + The Grammar Challenge 1 answer key is available to teachers on the Stand Out web site at: standout-heinle.com It can be printed out for student use. + The grammar challenges need not be followed in any particular order within a unit. Some challenges will be review for students, while others will reinforce the newer structures from Stand Out Student Book 1 + The Stand Out Grammar Challenge 1 workbook is an effective supplement in a multi-level classroom because it challenges the highly motivated students while providing support for students who need extra reinforcement. ‘The appendix includes a glossary of grammar terms with examples. This is intended as a reference for students and teachers, but it is not intended that all these terms will be understood at this level. The appendix also includes grammar charts from the Stand Out Student Book 1 appendix as well as lists of irregular verbs and verb conjugations. However you choose to use it, you'll find that the Stand Out Grammar Challenge 1 workbook is a flexible and effective grammar tool for teachers and students seeking challenging grammar instruction.CONTENTS UNIT 1: Talking with Others.............. ween eeeee faves 1 CHALLENGE 1 Subject pronouns 1 CHALLENGE 2 The verb be 2 CHALLENGE 3. Negative forms of the verb be 3 CHALLENGE 4 Yes/no questions with the verb be 4 CHALLENGE 5 Possessive adjectives 5 CHALLENGE 6 Wh- questions with be 6 CHALLENGE 7 The verb have Zz CHALLENGE 8 Simple present tense 8 UNIT 2: Let's Go Shopping........... pi aR ER woe se mew 9 CHALLENGE 1 Spelling changes in the third person 9 CHALLENGE 2 Yes/:1o questions with simple present tense 10 CHALLENGE 3 Singular and plural nouns 1 CHALLENGE 4 This, that, these, those 12 CHALLENGE 5 More possessive forms 13 CHALLENGE 6 Adjectives and articles 4 CHALLENGE 7. Expressions with it 15 CHALLENGE 8 Using the apostrophe 16UNIT 3: Food............. ween ee eee see eens see eeeee wees 7 CHALLENGE 1 Count and non-count nouns 17 CHALLENGE 2 Containers and portions 18 CHALLENGE 3. Review: Simple present tense 19 CHALLENGE 4 Review: Yes/no questions with be and simple Present tense 20 CHALLENGE 5 Comparative adjectives 21 CHALLENGE 6 Imperatives 22 CHALLENGE 7 How much? How many? 23 CHALLENGE 8 Questions with or 24 UNIT 4: Housing. ...........-.02-02.cceeeeeeee cues wee 25 CHALLENGE 1 There is, there are 25 CHALLENGE 2 Present continuous 26 CHALLENGE 3. Spelling of present continuous 27 CHALLENGE 4 Negative forms and contractions with present continuous 28 CHALLENGE 5 Yes/no questions with present continuous tense 29 CHALLENGE 6 Wh- questions with present continuous tense 30 CHALLENGE 7 Prepositions 31 CHALLENGE 8 Parts of speech 32vi UNIT 5: Our Community. . . . CHALLENGE 1 CHALLENGE 2 CHALLENGE 3 CHALLENGE 4 CHALLENGE 5 CHALLENGE 6 CHALLENGE 7 CHALLENGE 8 UNIT 6: Health and fitness ....... errr) mie eters ts CHALLENGE 1 CHALLENGE 2 CHALLENGE 3 CHALLENGE 4 CHALLENGE 5 CHALLENGE 6 ‘CHALLENGE 7 ‘CHALLENGE 8 Review: Subject/verb agreement Prepositions of direction and location Requests with can Frequency adverbs ‘Time expressions with simple present and present continuous tenses Wh- questions in simple present and present continuous tenses Yes/no questions in simple present and present continuous tenses Expressions with do and make Indefinite and definite articles Should for advice Yes/no questions with should Wh- questions with should Gerunds and infinitives Review: Be and simple present tense statements Review: Yes/no questions with simple present and present continuous tenses Present tense with when 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 4l al 42 43 45 AG 47 48UNIT 7: Working on It ..... -49 CHALLENGE 1 Simple past tense of be 49 CHALLENGE 2 Spelling the regular simple past tense 50 CHALLENGE 3 Irregular verbs in the simple past tense 51 CHALLENGE 4 Negative form and yes/no questions in the simple past tense 52 CHALLENGE 5 Wh- questions with be in the simple past tense 53 CHALLENGE 6 Can for ability 54 CHALLENGE 7 Must 55 CHALLENGE 8 Adjectives and adverbs, 56 UNIT 8: Goals and Lifelong Learning....... #8 Fie mee exacae SF CHALLENGE 1 Future with be going to 57 CHALLENGE 2 Yes/no questions with be going to 58 CHALLENGE 3 Future with will 59 CHALLENGE 4 Yes/no questions with will 60 CHALLENGE 5. Wh- questions with will and be going to 61 CHALLENGE 6 Time expressions with past and future tenses 62 CHALLENGE 7 Expressions with get 63 CHALLENGE 8 Review: Yes/no questions in simple present and past tenses 64 APPENDIX Glossary of grammar terms... eee cecceeeeeeceasecesees, SSSMMAN FEFETENCE. mcs sina + evens sajité ve eemesevagees Conjugated verb list. . viiTalking with Others CHALLENGE 1 > Subject pronouns ren Bean roa 1 am happy. the man He is married, my mother She has curly hair the map It is new, the dog It is friendly, my friend and | We speak Spanish, You (singular) are a good friend. You (plural) are good friends. the students They are new students. the shoes They are brown. + Ihe, she, it, we, you, they are subject pronouns. They replace nouns. + You is both singular and plural. * It is used for singular nouns (animals and things). + They is used for plural nouns (people, animals, and things). O ries EXAMPLE: Hi, my name is Roberto. am very happy in my new class. is talking about his English class. Write the correct pronoun in each blank. 1. The teacher is Mrs, Edwards.______is very kind. 2. My classmates and I work hard, are good students. 3. Ricko and Tatsuya are from Japan. are nice. 4. Belipeis @ young man, is not married. 5. like the books in my class. __ ate very interesting. 6. The teacher gives us homework. is difficult. 7. Duong and Nam are my classmates. are from Vietnam, 8. Namisanice man,___ has children, 9. Gabriela is not Mexican. is from Argentina 10. Gabriela and'I speak Spanish, But speak English in class. 11. You are from Poland. help me in class 12. The school is nice, ___ is big and new. 13, My-children speal English well. help me with my homework 14. My wife and I practice English at home. listen to the radio, 15. ‘The class is in the evening, starts at 6:00. momar JomTalking with Others CHALLENGE 2 » The verb be Eres a Cao euead I am from Mexico. He/She/It is here. Gabriela The book We/You/They are nice. The teachers The computers + The verb be always agrees with the subject of the sentence. + There are contractions (short forms) for subject pronouns and the verb be: Fullform Contracted form Fullform Contracted form lam I'm You are You're He is He's We are We're She is She's They are They're Itis It's @ Fill in the blank with the correct form of be. EXAMPLE: Myunde is bald, 1. She___ married. 6. Theteacher___from Canada 2. They. good friends. 7. My brother and sister at work. 3. Roberto and I students, & It a friendly cat. 41 a teacher. 9. We in the park. My city ‘on the map. 10. You six feet tall, 8 Write a contraction with be to complete each conversation. Dialog 1 Dialog 3 Roberto: Am I late? Duong: How old are you? Gabriela: No, you're early. Aya: 10 years old. Roberto: What time is it? Duong: How old is your brother? Gabriela: 30. ‘Aya: six. Dialog 2 Dialog 4 Tatsuya: Hi, My name is Tatsuya, Tatsuya: Is she your sister? Felipe: Hi. Felipe. Where are you from? Eva: Ana? Oh, no my Tatsuya: from Japan. And you? friend. old friends. Felipe: Pm from Cuba, nice to meet you,Talking with Others CHALLENGE 3 » Negative forms of the verb be eee Bera 1am French. | am not American. Add not after the verb be to make a Silvia is a student. She is not my teacher. sentence negative. They are here. They are not at work. * A contraction can be made with the negative form of be. * Lam has one form, but the others have two. Fall form Contraction 1 Contraction 2 Complement 7am not as I'm not a student. He is not He isn't He's not at work. She is not She isn't She's not my sister. Itis not Itisn't Its not my phone number. You are not You aren't You're not polite. We are We aren't We're not sad. They are not They aren't They're not married. @ Complete each sentence with the negative form of be. Use the full form. EXAMPLE: Eva is Polish. She _is not__ German. 1, Duong is divorced. He married, 5. You are early. You _ late. 2, Evais short. She tall 6 Weare sisters. We cousins. 3. My eyes are green. They blue. 7. Tamat work. I at home, 4. My hair is straight. It curly. 8 They are Cuban. They Mexican. Rewrite each sentence using a negative contraction of be. There may be more than one answer. EXAMPLE: He isnot fom China. _He’s not from Chin He isn't from China. We are not divorced. She is not with her sister. It is not on the map. They are not in the park. Tam not tall. You are not students. They are not Silva's parents. tis not Carla's computer. 9. She is not in my English class. 10, Weare not single. 11. He is not bald, 12. You are not late.Talking with Others CHALLENGE 4 » Yes/no questions with the verb be Perea Question Affirmative answer Negative answer Lam late. Am 1 late? Yes, you are. No, you aren't. He is Mexican. Is he Mexican? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t, She is fom Vietnam. | Is she from Vietnam? _| Yes, she is. No, she isn’t. Itis 4330, Is it 4:30? Yes, itis. No, it isn’t. We are early. ‘Are we early? Yes, we are, No, we aren't. You are a student. Are you a student? Yes, lam. No, I'm not. They are friends. ‘Are they friends? Yes, they are. No, they aren't. * To ask yes/no questions, put a form of be before the noun or pronoun. + Every question ends in a question mark (2). Chen is a new student in Roberto’s English class. Use the words to write her questions. Then write Roberto’s answer. T/inyour class Chen: _AmAin your class? Rober: Vengo aie: = oF nieces 1. we/ in Mr. Snow’s class Chen: EXAMPLI Roberto: Yes, 2. he/ friendly Chen: i Roberto: Yes, 3. you/ from Argentina Chen: Roberto: No, 3 4. Dirong and Nam / Chen: A Japanese Roberto: No, 5. the class / fan Che Roberto: Yes, Zo ae 6. it/ 5:00 Chen: Roberto: Yes, 7. we late for class Chen: Roberto: No, 8. the books / good Chen: Ee Roberto: Yes, 9. Felipe/ your brother Chen: Ee : Roberto: No, 10. the class / short Chen: ine albert tf6 tire CE ae SS eee er ee eoTalking with Others CHALLENGE 5 > Possessive adjectives Eten crukdeatt Lies eee concretion Pe Mesias uts 1 Lhave a brother. My brother is six years old. you ‘You have a nice sister. Your sister is happy today. we We have @ new teacher, ‘Our teacher is from Canada, he Roberto has blue eyes. His eyes are big. she Gabriela has blond hair. Her hair is long. it The dog has short legs. Its eyes are brown. they ia and Roberto have a dog. | Their dog is friendly. + Use possessive adjectives to talk about what people have or own. + Use his for men and boys. Use her for women and girls. o Roberto is talking about his family. Complete each sentence with a possessive adjective. EXAMPLE: I have a lovely wife. Her name is Si 1. Thave two children. children are in high school. 2. Myson is 17. name is Juan. 3. My daughter is 1 name is Carla, 4, Juan and Carla both have nice ey eyes are brown. 5, My wife has nice eyes, too. eyes are jen, 6. My wiffe and Carla both have long hair. hair is black. 7. You have five sisters and two brothers! family is large! 8, Myssister and I are students at the Adult School school has many new students. 6 Complete the paragraph with a possessive pronoun. EXAMPLE: My name is Helena. This is a photo of. a family. This is my daughter. a name is Ana. Ana has two children, Rosalina and Luiz, They are twins, a giel and a boy. a Dirthday is ‘August 8, Rosalina has blue eyes and a hair is ted. Luiz has brown eyes and a hair is brown. Rosalina likes movies and books. = favorite books are about family life. Luiz loves 7 dog, He takes 7 : dog to the park every ay, My husband and I love a family, We think __~_ grandchildren are very smart and good-looking. Of course, they think a ‘grandparents are smart and good- looking, too! Do you have a picture of family? 2) ryTalking with Others CHALLENGE 6 » Wh- questions with be er) Be et aeuba’ Etre What is your name? My name is Tatsuya, Where are you from?) Tim from Japan, When is your birthday? My birthday is in April. Who Sis she? She's my sister. How are you? im fine, thanks. ite cA (ements Perr What color are your eyes? They're blue. What time is it? It's 4:00. Ee ens ers How old is your car? It's 12 years old. + Use wh- questions to get information. + The verb be agrees with the subject of the sentence. What is yourname? © What are your names? @ Write a question to match each answer. EXAMPLE: What _is your son’s name? 1. What Who What What How __ What 7. Where 8. Who 9. How 10. Where Il. How 12. When 13. What _ 14, Where ee geal eee My son's name is Julio, My height is 6 feet. She is my sister. Mario's hair is brown. Tam 31 years old. His hair is black. ‘They are from Australia. He's my teacher. Pm fine, thank you. She is at work. My wie is 25 years old Their birthday is today. My dog is brown, Warsaw is in Poland. His address is 133 Elm Street.Talking with Others CHALLENGE 7 » The verb have Subject ao Peas 1, you, we, they | have | | have short, black hair. | don’t have | don’t have long, brown hair. he, she, it has | She has long hair. doesn’t have | She doesn’t have short hair. 0 Circle the correct form of the verb have. EXAMPLE: Barbara @oesn’thave)/ don’t have curly hair. 1. Radek has / have four children. Jadzia doesn’t have / don't have any children. 3. We has// have three brothers. 4, Radek and I doesn’t have / don't have any sisters. You doesn’t have / don’t have a wife. Jadzia and Vitek have / has short black hair. 7. 1 doesn’t have / don’t have long, blond hair. 8. The whole family has / have black hair and brown eyes. 9. You has / have brown eyes, too. 10. Thave/ has curly, brown hair. Oo ‘Write the correct form of have in each sentence. EXAMPLE: Pavel has. curly, blond hair, 1. We (negative) red hair. 2. Marketa straight, blond hair. 3. Pavel and Marketa blue eyes. 4, They (negative) brown eyes. 5. Pavel one brother and two sisters. 6. Marketa three children. 7. Pavel (negative) any children. 8, You anice family 9, 1__atall husband. 10. Marketa (negative) a father,Talking with Others CHALLENGE 8 » Simple present tense ECan ieee’ Subject Base form+s Complement |j 1 music. He likes music. You She We 7 It They 1 donotlike TV. He does not like TV. You don't like an £<. | She doesn't like We g a It They ee + Some verbs add -es in the third person singular. 1 go to work. — She goes to work. Ido my homework. — She does her homework + To form the negative, use do or does + not and the base form of the verb. Qe Choose the correct form of the present tense. Fill in the correct bubble. A B EXAMPLE: The car __a fadio. Achave B has 0@ 1. We___ English in the evening, A. practice B. practices Ooo 2, The children ___ TV. A.watch B. watches, O° ; 3. ‘Tatsuya Japanese. A. speak B. speaks oo 4, Silvia__to work at 81 Ago B. goes oO 5. My sisters __ in Boston. Alive B. lives Oo 6. Thecat__ TV. Avlike B. likes oO 7. You___ homework in the morning. A.do B, does Ooo 8 Tix books. A. like B. likes Ooo 6 Change each sentence to the negative form. EXAMPLE: Minh speaks English in class. Leo does homework every night. * Minh and Leo listen to the teacher. Minh checks her work. Leo likes his classmates. Minh participates in class. 6. Minh and Leo study at home. I practice English on the weekend. 8. Minh and Leo watch TV in You talk to Leo. yR eee lish, 10. Leo answers questions. yee lore Minh doesn't speak English in class. _Let’s Go Shopping uosied pap etp uy safuey Suyjeds CHALLENGE 1 » Spelling changes in the third person Sm a aera ia Nee ea culs \Nou/We/They wear * don’t wear red sweaters. He/She/It wears doesn’t wear green shoes, SPELLING CHANGES Sea ener) She washes the dishes. | When the verb ends in ss, sh, ch, or x, add -es. He buys lunch. When the verb ends in a vowel + y, add an -s, He worries about me, | When the verb ends in a consonant + y, change the y tol and add -es. 6 Write the correct form of the third person singular, EXAMPLE: sell sells 1. pay 4. watch 2. teach 5. study 3. carry 6 close _ oe Read the story. Write the correct form of the verb. EXAMPLE: My grandfather teaches ‘me about money. (teach) He always alist when he : (make) 3. shop) He things he He at the prices (Bbuy, negative) (Ci eed, negative) Took) before he » “I'l take it” My grandfather __. a credit card, (Gsay) (7 have, negative) He cash. pay) I to my grandfather. I __actedit card, (listen) (10. carry) but __ ita lot. My brother to his advice, He (HT, use, negative) (2s Tisien, negative) ag lotiof money, buthe _____money in the bank. He (13. make) (4. put, negative) to expensive stores. My grandfather about my brother. G5. go) 6. worry) 5Let’s Go Shopping CHALLENGE 2 » Yes/no questions with eerennns rire ences prev poets I need more cash. Do I need more cash? Yes, you do. _| No, you don’t. You want a belt. Do you want a belt? Yes, | do, No, don't. We need an English | Do we need an English Yes, we do. | No, we don't dictionary, dictionary? They start school Do they start school on Yes, they do. | No, they dont. on Wednesday. Wednesday? She shops atthe mall. | Does she shop at the mall? _| Yes, she does._| No, she doesn't He wears ties. Does he wear ties? Yes, he does. _| No, he doesn’t. The car hasaradio. | Does the car have a radio? | Yes, it does. | No, it doesn’t, + Use do or does with questions using a base form verb. * Use the base form of the verb with do and does. Van is answering questions about her family’s shopping habits. First complete the questions. Then complete Van's answers. EXAMPLE: Do. you like to shop? Yes, Ido. _§ L you have a credit card? Yes, z, your husband have a credit card? Yes, 3. your children have credit cards? No, aw 4s you like to go to the mall? Yes, 5. your husband like to shop for clothes? No,. 6. your children like to shop for clothes? Yes, 7. your family go to the supermarket every week? Yes, 8 ___you buy used cars? * No, oe Write a question using do or does. EXAMPLE: you/have/aredshitt _Doyowhavearedshit? 1. she / use / an umbrella Eva and Doug / go to the mall you / like / used cars 1/ need / a new refrigerator we / have / cash he / work / here aye eyLet’s Go Shopping | CHALLENGE 3 » jingular and plural nouns *'Some plural nouns have spelling changes. Carey LIU UTR mT Ca dictionaries _| consonant + y: change y to i and add -es dress dresses sh, ch, 55, x, Or 2: add -es potato potatoes consonant + 0: add -es lite lives fe or f: change f to v and add -es (exception: chiefs, chefs) jomie nouns have irregular singular and plural form: Tae erie man men Different word form 4 woman | women child children person people clothes shorts pants | No singular form jeans slacks 0 ll in the blanks with the plural forms of the nouns given. EXAMPLE: (man) Those men are customers. 1. (apple) I like 2. (check) My uncle doesn’t write 3. (woman) The like to shop. 4. (dress) She doesn’t wear 5. (sandwich) We buy at the convenience store, 6. (tax) The are high in this town, 7. (penny) Thave four 8. (wife) Are their at the supermarket? 9. (dish) Do you like the red 2 10. (person) Some pay cash all the time, 11. (child) Those need help with their homework. 12, (pants) What color are your 2 13, (watch) Are those new 14, (lunch) We don’t buy our at school. 15. (family) Some drive used cars, SieLet’s Go Shopping CHALLENGE 4 » This, that, these, those sincutar | This sweater is nice. That sweater is nice. This is your sweater. That is your sweater. PLURAL These sweaters are nice. Those sweaters are nice. These are your sweaters. Those are your sweaters. + That's is a contraction of that is. That's my hat. @ Read each sentence. Are the underlined words singular or plural, near or far? Singular Plural Near Far EXAMPLE: ‘Those apples are delicious. Q Q 4 1. This book is interesting. Ef Q Q Q 2. Are those belts expensive? Q Q Q Q 3. How much is that T-shirt? Q Q Q Q 4. What color are these ties? Q Q Q Q 5. Is that dress new? Q Q Q Q 6. These apples are green. Q Q Q Q 7. This vacuum cleaner is heavy Q Q Q Q 8. I don't like those jeans. Q Q Qa Q oe Fill in the blanks with this, that, these, or those and the correct form of be. (1) Means the person or thing is near. (+) Means the person or thing is far. EXAMPLE: That is iy bank. (+) delicious apples. (+) her socks. (1) a small store. (9) your receipts. (—+) expensive tickets. (1) my sister, Amy. (1) a used refrigerator: (+) our old notebooks. (L) Roberto's checked shirt. (1) a nice street. (-+)Let’s Go Shopping - ‘ CHALLENGE 5 » More possessive forms e a Fearnple Sau : This is my wife‘s bag. Possessive nouns show ownership. g These are Duong’s pants To form singular possessive nouns, add ’s a to the singular noun. 3 These are the students’ books. To form plural possessive nouns, add an a ‘Are these the children’s shoes? apostrophe (’) to the plural noun, or 's to irregular plural nouns. * Possessive adjectives can replace possessive nouns. . Test oe eon ee eat My money is in the bank. he Roberto’s socks are blue. His socks are blue. she Van's baseball cap is here. Her baseball cap is here. it The dog’s dish is on the floor. Its dish is on the floor. we My and Julia's clothes are clean. | Our clothes are clean. you Your sweater is nice. they The men’s ties are striped. Their ties are striped. + The possessive adjective its does not have an apostrophe. 6 Write a possessive adjective for the possessive nouns in parentheses. EXAMPLE: (Amy's) Amy doesn’t use her credit card, (Roberto’s) These are__ shoes. (the dog’s) That is little house. (amy and my sister's) That is bedroom, (Janet's) _dress is green (you) Where are children? (me) ‘grammar is very good. B) Write a possessive adjective to complete the conversations. EXAMPLE: A: Can I help you? B: Yes, I need clothes for __my __ new job. 1. A: Is this Roberto’s sweater? 4, As Is the children’s school big? B: No, sweater is black. B: No, school is small 2. A: Cute dog! What is name? 5. A: Are Gabriela’s pants new? B: Idon’t know. It is not my dog, B: No,__ pants are old. 3. A: Is that your dictionary? B: No,___ dictionary is in my bag. more leeLet’s Go Shopping _ | CHALLENGE 6 » Adjectives and articles | Ineed a green shirt. Ineed green shirts. Idon't want a new dish. I don't want new dishes. The baseball cap is white. The baseball caps are white. The book is exper e. The books are expensive. + Adjectives describe nouns. They come before nouns or after the verb be. + Adjectives don't have plural forms. It's a new coat. It's an old coat. + Use a before a word that begins with a consonant. + Use an before a word that begins with a vowel. + Ifa vowel sounds like a consonant, use a, not an. It's a used car. 8 Rewrite each sentence, inserting the adjective given. EXAMPLE: Itisa pen. (blue) It's a blue pen, They are shoes. (expensive) ‘They are shorts. (gray) Itisa car. (used) Itisa T-shirt. (large) ‘They are computers. (cheap) They are salespeople. (busy) Does artesian EXAMPLE: Do you need ___@___ new telephone? 1. Thisis, expensive TV. 6. He needs "English dictionary. 2. Twant blue sweater. 7. Eva wears, old hat. 3. Do you want orange skirt? 8. You have easy test. 4. They don't have used radio. 9. She needs ten-dollar bill 5. This is excellent store. 10. That is good idea. eee \ermLet’s Go Shopping CHALLENGE 7 Gra Bienen How much is that sweater? It's $35. It can refer to a previous noun. It is also used in expressions to refer to: What day is it? It's Tuesday. Day What time is if? It's five o'clock. Time How far is it to the library? It’s about two miles. | Distance It’s sunny today. Weather It’s a good idea to save money. General rules important to check your account. Advice @ Complete the sentences below with It is (or it’s) and the words in parentheses. EXAMPLE: (important) _ft is important _to ask about the price. 1. (a good idea) ___ to put your money in a bank. 2. (abad idea) to have too many credit cards. 3. (important) te check your sales receipts, 4, (dangerous) to lend your cash card to a friend. oO Complete the sentences below using it is (or It’s) or Is it. EXAMPLE: Ws. sunny today. LA cold today? B: Yes, take your winter coat. 2, Jane’s birthday today. She is 25. 3. Az Is today Tuesday or Wednesday? B: ‘Tuesday. 4. five o'clock already! We can go home, 5. A: How far to the station? B: Not far. e Complete the sentences below. EXAMPLE: ‘Thanking your boss is important. Its important to thank your boss” 1, Drinking water every day is very healthy. to drink water every day. 2. Carrying too much cash is angerous. to carry too much cash. 3. Checking your sales receipts is a good idea. to check your sales receipts. 4, Having too many credit cards is a bad idea. to have to0 many credit cards. 5. Keeping a record of your purchases is important. to keep a record of your purchases. BLet’s Go Shopping CHALLENGE 8 » Using the apostrophe Ean Erie Its name is Sam. (the dog's name) Use its to show possession. 1 It's only 10 dollars. ‘Adding an apostrophe to its changes the meaning. It’s is a contraction for it i This is Van's money. Sometimes ’s shows possession. That's her bag. Sometimes ‘s is a contraction for is. 0 Write its or it’s to complete the sentence. EXAMPLE: Where is your new TV?___t’'s__ in the bedroom. 1, How much is it? $25. 2. What a pretty cat. What is name? 4 good idea to put money in the bank. 4. don’t like that dog, teeth are big. 5. Look at the tree. flowers are pink and white. 6. the best convenience store in the city. oe ‘What does the ’s mean? Write p for possession. Write is for a contraction with is. EXAMPLE: She's very tall.___és 1, The department store sells children’s shoes. ‘That's not my checkered shirt. She’s my aunt. Amy's baseball cap is red. He's not at home now. Is that a men’s store? ‘We shop at Martin’s Department Store. Where is the women’s room? That's a popular restaurant. 10. She's busy today. 11. The baby’s shoes are cute. 12, Gabriela’s bank is on Main Street.Food CHALLENGE 1 » Count and non-count nouns era Bi ‘Count nouns are things that are separate (you can count them). They have a singular and a plural form. The verb must agree with the subject. ‘An apple is on the table. Apples are delicious. Bread is on the table. Bread is delicious. Non-count nouns are objects that you cannot count because they are seen as one thing, They always take a singular verb. Sunou juno3-woul pue 3uno> Some common non-count nouns are foods and drinks. bread rice yogurt soda cereal margarine coffee water fruit mustard salt spaghetti sugar _juice meat milk butter gum Other common non-count nouns: money time Paper music snow fun hair homework mail news furniture love @ Gircle the correct verb. EXAMPLE: The cereal @)/are in the 1, The news is/are on television now. 2. My homework is/ are finished. 3, ‘The mail is /are not here yet. bowl. 4, 5 6 ‘The newspapers is / are outside. Is/Are the fruit in the refrigerator? How many bananas is fare in the bowl? Circle the correct word for each sentence below. (Hint: Use much for non-count and many for count nouns.) EXAMPLE: I don’t have much money / coins, ‘We don't hear much (usic)/ songs. How much food / dishes do they have? I don't have many furniture / chairs. 4. a 6 She doesn’t get many mail / letters. Thave too much homework / exercises. ‘They don't eat much bread / sandwiches. Ee Write or an in front of singular count nouns. Write @ if the noun is non-count. EXAMPLE: She eats__am apple every day. 1, Ineed _ time. 2. Dave has sandwich for lunch, 3. Duong eats rice with his meals. 4. Sebastien brings _ yogurt to class. She puts milk on her cereal. I think __snow is beautiful Make shopping list before you go. English teacher emer leoCHALLENGE 2 > Containers and portions Be A carton of eggs is in the refrigerator. ‘Two cartons of eggs are in the refrigerator. A bottle of milk is in the refrigerator. Two bottles of milk are in the refrigerator. a slice of pizza, a loaf of bread, a piece of cake, a cup of coffee, a bowl of soup, a plate of food Aslice of pizza is $2.00. Two slices of pizza are $4.00. Brean Food and drinks come in different containers that can be counted. The verb agrees with the container and not the item or items inside the container __| Servings and portions are countable. | o Fill in the blanks with a container from the box. There may be more than one answet. bottle carton package box jar bag EXAMPLE: a jar. of mustard a of potato chips a of ice cream a of gum a of chili sauce a of water a___ of cookies a__ of mints a of pickles 9. a of cereal 10. a of mayonnaise ML. a of yogurt 12 a of onions 6 ‘What is on the table? Follow the pattern to make a list. Use a/an if no number is given. EXAMPLES: carton / milk two / bag / apples 1. three / package / ground meat 2, two / jar / peanut butter 3. package / cheese 4. two / bag / chips 5. six/ slice / pizza 6. two/ bowl / potatoes jar/ spaghetti sauce 8. four / bottle / cola 9. plate / roast beef 10. two/ cup / tea geek Shorr _A carton of milk is onthe table. = Two bags of apples are on the table.CHALLENGE 3 » Review: Simple present tense Sno 1 don’t want milk. He — wants milk. He doesn’t want milk. You She You ‘She We It tt They Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. the correct bubble completely. AB EXAMPLE: — She milk in her coffee. A. put B. puts 0®@ 1. Duong ___lunch from a truck A. get B. gets © 6: 2. 1___cookies at home, A.don’thave B. doesn’t have oo 3. We______ milk for our coffee. A. buy, B. buys: Ooo 4, Sebastien and Duong __ out. A.don't eat B. doesn't eat Ooo 5. She_._ her children candy. A. don't give B. doesn't give 0° 6 Dave____a sandwich to school. A. take B. takes oo 7. You the vending machine. A. use Buses oo 8. They healthy lunches. A. choose B. chooses ome} 9. We_____ avocados. A.don't need B. doesn’t need Ooo 10, She____ potatoes. A. peel B. peels 0° © compete the sentences with the form of the present tense given. EXAMPLE: (like, negative) My mother and I don't like cucumbers. 1. (help) Gabriela's husband her make dinner. 2. (go) Augustin to Puente Market on Sunday. 3. (have, negative) This i a. 4. (want, negative) We Ketchup on our cheeseburgers. 5. (make) Roberto and his children dinner on Saturday. 6. (pay, negative) We taxes on food. 7. (sell) The lunch truck___tacos. 8. (have) I milk with my cookies. 9. (need, negative) They anew refrigerator. 10. (boil) Tran eggs for breakfast.ce Food CHALLENGE 4 » Review: Yes/no questions with be and simple present tense Cr Bue You put mustard on hot dogs. _| Do you put mustard on hot dogs? Yes, | do. He puts mustard on hot dogs. _| Does he put mustard on hot dogs?_| No, he doesn’t. The jar is open. Is the jar open? No, it isn’t. The bananas are good. Are the bananas good? Yes, they are. Provide the correct verb and a short answer for each question. Use contractions if possible. EXAMPLE: __fs_ the carton of yogurt in the refrigerator? Yes, itis. ab Duong eat a big lunch? Yes, 2 Sebastien and Natasha in the cafeteria? No, és, you and your friends eat beef? Yes, 4 Eva at the supermarket? No, 5. Rosa drink coffee at night? No, 6 you eat breakfast with your family? No, a ita good idea to bring your lunch? Yes, 8. the bags of potato chips for the party? Yes, : o Use the words to form a question. Use be as the main verb if no verb is given. EXAMPLES: avocados / expensive / in winter Are avocados expensive in winter? your children / eat / vegetables Do your children eat vegetables? 1, the tacos / come / with salsa 2. the ingredients / on the table 3. 1/ need / more money / for dinner 4, Van / need /a bottle of water 5. the box of cookies / empty 6. the eggs / freshFood CHALLENGE 5 » Comparative adjectives a Ou eens One syllable adjectives: add -er cheap Apples are cheaper than oranges. Other adjectives with two syllables expensive Food City is more expensive than or more: add more Puente Market. Exceptions good This cake is better than that cake. bad ‘The food is worse than the service. Spelling changes: For one syllable adjectives, add -r large The blue plates are larger than if the adjective already ends in e. the yellow plates. For words that end in consonant + —_| thin I'm thinner than my mother. vowel + consonant, double the last letter and add -er. + Use the comparative form of adjectives to compare two people or things. + The comparative has two forms: (adjective) + -er than or more (adjective) than. Some students are talking about the food at school. Write the comparative form of the adje EXAMPLE: (delicious) The spaghetti is__more delicious __ than the tacos. 1. (expensive) Roast beet than hot dogs. 2. (cheap) The potato chips are than the French fries. 3. (fresh) The salad __ than the fruit cup. 4, (large) The cheeseburger is than the hamburger. 5. (good) The food is at lunch than at dinner. 6. (nice) The tables outside are than the tables inside, 7. (big) The sodas in the cafeteria are than the sodas from the yending machine, 8. (polite) The servers here are__ than the servers at my other school 9. (sweet) This candy is than that candy. 10, (bad) This cafeteria is terrible. The pizza is than the spaghetti. 11. (small) The portions are at lunch than at dinner. 12. (hot) The coffee in the cafeteria is than the coffee from the lunch truck.CHALLENGE 6 » Imperatives ane Rms hee to give instructions. Choose a number. Don't boil the potatoes. to make a request. Buy milk, please. Don't eat in the library, please. (Add please to be polite.) to make a command. Eat your vegetables. Don't put your feet on the table, | + When using the imperative, the subject you is understood. ] 8 Choose a verb from the box to complete the sentences. Use the negative form when indicated. More than one answer is often possible. read listen ack don't put help write don’t use dont eat don’t take don’t cook cut EXAMPLE: Help your sister make dinner. 1 theserver about the menu. 6. candy alll day. 2 the shopping list. 7. the carrots in half, 3% my bowl 8. a check for the food. 4. to your parents, % the dog to the restaurant, 5. eggs in the microwave. 10. pennies in the vending machine, o Silvia is getting ready for a party. Read the instructions she gives her children. Fill in the imperatives. Use the negative form whe EXAMPLE: __Don‘t watch _ ‘IV now. (watch, negative) I need your help. Please. the rug and your rooms. ! vacuum) dean) Beat negative) the snacks in the living room. eggs, milk and bread. the food at the (buy) (G buy, negative) convenience store to Food City. and the potatoes (6. go) @ Peal) (8 whip) — ela ind te etter ty (make) (10. wash) (UL drain) the table. the blue plates. Use the white plates. (2. set) (13. use, negative) a some pretty napkins. ‘on some nice clothes. (15. put)Food CHALLENGE 7 » How much? How many? ea Byieunic How much coffee do we have? How many cookies do we have? Use how much and how many to ask about amounts. Use much for non-count nouns and many for : How much is a ham sandwich? Itis (It's) $3.50. Q: How much is the bread? A; It’s $2.00. : How much are the oranges? : They are (They're) 50 cents each. 0 Fill in the blanks with How much or How many. EXAMPLE: How many cups of coffee do you drink? x fruit does she want? milk does your daughter drink? money do you spend on food? vending machines are there? time do we have to eat? bottles of water does she need? sandwiches do you make? soup does she want? Use how much to ask about prices. Use is and it with singular nouns and non-count nouns. Use are and they with plural nouns. oe Write is or are in the questions about Food City. Write it’s or they're in the answers. EXAMPLE: How much js the yogurt? 1. How much the onions? 2, How much the milk? 3. How much the cereal? 4, How much cookies? 5. How much those paper bags? 6. How much ‘that cucumber? 7. How much the orange juice? 8. How much those cans of tuna? It's $2.00 a carton. $2.50 a bag. $2.00 a gallon. $2.40 a box. __ $1.00 each. free! 40 cents. $4.00 a carton. 85 cents each, eens OeFood CHALLENGE 8 » Questions with or elt tr) Answer Do you bring your lunch or (do you) buy your lunch? We buy our lunch. Does she walk to the store or (does she) drive to the store? She walks to the store. Does she like potatoes or (does she like) tomatoes? She likes potatoes. Do they use credit cards or (do they use) cash? They use cash. + Use or in questions to give a choice and clarify information. Q Complete the questions using the words in parentheses. EXAMPLE: (mustard / ketchup) Do you want mustard or ketchup on your hot dog? 1. (tomato / chicken) Do you want soup? 2. (boiled / fried) Do you like potatoes? 3. (hot / iced) Do you want tea? 4 (buy / make) Do you your lunch? 6 Write questions using the words in parentheses. EXAMPLE: they / eat / eggs / cereal / for breakfast Do they eat eggs or cereal forbreakfast? = 1. the children / want / ketchup / mustard / on their hamburgers 2, ‘Tran / go// to a restaurant / to the cafeteria / for lunch 3. Sebastien and Robert / eat / lunch / together / alone 4. she / heat / water / on the stove / in the microwave 5. Duong / hate / coffee / love / coffee 6. Dave / eat /a big breakfast / a small breakfast meal econHousing CHALLENGE 1 >» There is, there are Beas Eine There is furniture in the apartment. Use there is with singular count nouns There's a car in the garage. and non-count nouns. There's is the contraction for there is. There are schools in the neighborhood. Use there are with plural nouns. + Use there is and there are to introduce new topics into a conversation and to talk about where things are. There is and there are are often used with prepositional phrases. Is there a car in the garage? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t. Are there schools in the neighborhood? Yes, there are. No, there aren't. How many schools are there? There are three schools. * Questions with there is and there are can have short answers. + Use there are with how many to ask for information. Carmen is talking to a real estate agent. Write questions and short answers with there is and there are to complete the conversation. EXAMPLE: Carmen: How many bedrooms care there z Agent: There are three bedrooms. 1. Carmen: How many bathrooms are there? Agent: ‘two bathrooms. 2 Carmen: a garage? Agent: But a carport. 3. Carmen: a balcony? Agent: Yes, Tes very big. 4, Carmen: children in the building? Agent: Yes, _ a lot of families 5. Carmen: dogs in the building? Agent: No, You can’t keep pets. 6. Carmen: a park near the apartment? Agent: Yes, . Ithas a swimming pool, 7. Carmen: furniture in the apartment? Agent: No, You need to buy furniture. 8. Carmen: I want to see the apartment, Agent: Come soon. many people looking at it. BHousing CHALLENGE 2 Bima | He/She/It 7You/We/They Examples: am ('m) saving money. He is (He's) talking to a friend. She is (She's) paying the rent. Itis (it’s) barking outside. Present continuous Caan waiting. sleeping. working. You are (You're) entertaining guests. We are (We're) painting the room. They are (They're) looking at the ad, +The present continuous describes activities or states that are continuing now. * Don't use the present continuous with non-action verb: like, love, hate, understand, know, need, want, have. Some exceptions: I'm having fun. She is having breakfast. They are having a party. ® Write the correct form of the present continuous in the story about Si EXAMPLE: (work) I cam working at my desk (look) My desk is near the window. I (play) Some children (wait) A man and a woman (wash) Mr. Adams (do) 1 my English homework right now. ‘out the window now. soccer in the park. for the bus, his car. (sleep) A dog on the neighbor's porch, Read the story about Roberto's moving day. Rewrite each sentence with a pronoun, making a contraction with be as in the example. EXAMPLE: Silvia and I are moving to the new apartment. _We‘re moving to the new apartment. You and I are putting furniture in the living room. Some friends are helping me. Juan is carrying heavy boxes up the stairs. Carla is putting clothes in her bedroom. Silvia and her mother are making a list. My cousins are fixing a lamp. ‘The dog is looking for its favorite sofa. My family and I are enjoying our new home. allemCHALLENGE 3 » Spelling of present continuous er eines eet aarcdeonitc most verbs add -ing. work | working verbs that end ine Drop the e and add -ing.| write _| writing ‘one syllable verbs that end in Double the consonant | sit sitting consonant-vowel-consonant and add -ing. Exception: Don't double | buy buying w, x, and y. ‘ verbs with more than one syllable that | Double the final ‘admit | admitting : end in consonant-vowel-consonant | consonant, and add ; and the stress is on the last syllable | -ing. * verbs that end in fe Change the fe toy and | lie Tying add -ing. It's the end of the month. Silvia and Roberto are taking care of their finances. Fill. in the blanks with the present continuous form of the verbs in parentheses. EXAMPLE: Silvia and Roberto ___are taking care of their money today. take) Roberto is at the bank. He some money in his savings account, UE deposit) He money out of his checking account, The bank is busy today. A lot of people take) in line, Two bank employees the different kinds of bank Gwait) G. explain) accounts, A man and a woman about credit cards. Roberto Gash) (6 think) about his expenses. Silvia is at home. She and her son at the kitchen table, She Csi) pay) some utility bills, Right now she _ the phone bill. It’ high this month. © check) \ Her son her. He the cost of phone calls to Mexico. CO. help) Gi calealate) He fora cheaper phone company. (12. Took) 06 Write the correct spelling of the present continuous form of the verb. EXAMPLE: happen __ happening 1. open 4. forget 7. visit 2. chop 5. remember 8. tie 3. deposit 6. listen 9. begin merce leeCHALLENGE 4 » Negative form and contractions with present continuous: Eo Eine Jam not working. Add not after the verb be to form the Silvia is not negative of the present continuous. They are not + A contraction can be made with the negative form of be. am has one form, but the other pronouns have two. Full form Contraction 1 Contraction 2 Complement lam not - . I'm not making a budget. He is not He isn’t He's not renting an apartment, She is not She isn't She's not talking to her sister. itis not Itisn’t It’s not eating today. You are not You aren't You're not listening to me. We are We aren't We're not thinking about it They are not They aren't They're not looking for a house. @ Rewrite each sentence in the negative using the pronoun in parentheses. Use the full form. EXAMPLE: She is calling her friend. (they) _They are not calling their friends, = We are making dinner tonight. (he) He is eating lunch, (you) 1am standing on the balcony. (she) You are having a party. (I) ‘They are selling their condominium. (we) 1am swimming in the pool. (it) oe Rewrite each sentence using Contraction 2. EXAMPLE: I am not calculating my expenses. _f'm not calculating my expenses. 1, Weare not making more money these days. 2. She is not making an appointment. 3. They are not talking on the front porch. 4. Heis not choosing furniture for the new house. 5. Youare not painting the kitchen. geek Sorc mCHALLENGE 5 » Yes/no questions with present continuous tense Oeoueus Crain Answer 1'm studying hard. ‘Am | studying hard? Yes, you are. No, you aren't. You're working late. We're waiting for him. They're making a budget. ‘Are you working late? ‘Are we waiting for him? Are they making a budget? Yes, 1am. No, I'm not. ‘Yes, we are. No, we aren't. Yes, they are. No, they aren't. He's calling his brother. She's writing a letter. Its playing outside. Is he calling his brother? Is she writing a letter? Is it playing outside? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t. Yes, she is. No, she isn’t. Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 8 Write pronouns and the correct form of the verb be. Use contractions if possible. EXAMPLE: Js Ricko reading a newspaper? she isn't . ___She’s__ reading a book. L Roberto checking the phone bill? No, calculating the utilities bill. Mr. and Mrs. Smith looking at the classified ads? Yes, dreaming about a new home. 3 ‘we choosing new life insurance? No, a choosing new car insurance. 4 I making a lot of noise? Yes, Please be quiet. 1 studying. 5. the cat sleeping in the window? No, sleeping under the cofiee table. 6. you and your husband renting an apartment? No, buying a mobile home. Oo Use the words to form questions in the present continuous. EXAMPLE: you / go / to the park _Are you going to the park? 1. the mailman / walk / up the driveway you / put / food / in the reftigerator Van / check / the budget Carmen make / an appointment they / entertain / guests aye e we / buy /a housei Housing CHALLENGE 6 » Wh- questions with present continuous tense Question word Verb Bir Verb +-ing Example What am 1 doing? What am I doing? Where is he/she/it going? Where is she going? Who are you/we/they calling? Who are you calling? o Unscramble the words to make wi- questions. EXAMPLE: is/ she / doing / what What is she doing 1. is / wearing / what / she 3 2. they / what / watching / are waiting /1/ why / am . you / are / where / staying : . going / where | she / is you / where / living / are 3. 4, 5. 6. the / writing / is / who / letter 7. 8 are/ you / what / saying 9 . exercise / is / who / doing / the 10. where / working / they J are eo Write questions for the answers provided. EXAMPLE: What _is she wearing? She is wearing a red coat. 1. What Lam painting the house. 2. Who They are calling their parents. 3. Where We are going to the movies. 4. What He is eating a sandwich. 5. Where Tam staying in New York. 6. Why ‘They are studying English because they want to go to college. ‘ 7. What You are renting an apartment. 8. What He is buying a new house. 9. Who They are talking to an agent. 10. What She is looking at the ad.CHALLENGE 7 >» Preposi eect The ball is in the box. tm! The ball is between two boxes. [[—jo[[—} The ball is on the box. The ball is over the box. The ball is under the box. tT The ball is in front of the box. te) The ball is next to the box. [[—] © | The ball is behind the box. + Use prepositions to talk about where things are. @ Complete the sentences with a preposition from the chart above. EXAMPLE: The clock is over the desk. The desk is under the clock. 1. The chair is behind the table. The table is the chair. 2. The book is under the lamp. The lamp is the book. 3. The sofa is under the painting. The painting is the sofa. 4. The sofa is next to the lamp. The lamp is next to the table. The lamp is the sofa and the table. oe Complete the sentences with the best preposition. AB EXAMPLE: Where is Carmen? She is___ the living room. A. in Boon eo 1, Where is the clock? It’s ___ the refrigerator. Ain B. over (ome) 2. Where is the telephone? It’s___ the TV and the computer, A. between BB. over. oo 3. Where is the trash can? It’s the table. A. over B. under O° 4. Where is the lamp? It’s__ the sofa. A.between BB. next to Ooo 5, Where are the flowers? They are __ the piano. Aon B.betwen OQ O 6. Where are the shoes? They are __ the bed. A. over B. under 0°CHALLENGE 8 » Parts of speech eee ce n Pees noun a person, place or thing Roberto, Mexico, house, cat adjective a word that describes a noun _| blue, tall, expensive, heavy verb an action or a state of being __| is, have, do, eat + Sometimes a word can be both a noun and a verb. want a cold drink. (noun) I drink coffee in the morning, (verb) 0 Complete each sentence about grammar with the word nouns, verbs, or adjectives. EXAMPLE: We usually add an s to nouns to make them plural. 1. have different tenses. 2, Articles come before 3. agree with the subject of the sentence. 4, have comparative forms. 5 describe nouns. 6. Wecanadd’sto to form a possessive adjective. oe Identify the underlined parts of speech: adjective (a), noun (n), or verb (v). av aon EXAMPLE: Some people sleep in a large bedroom. 1. The family wner in the kitchen. 2. My brother takes @ shower in the small bathroom, 3. The house has five bedrooms. 4, The white car is in the green garage. 5. The mover put the coffee table in the hall. 6. The brothers need to buy furniture for the house. 7. John and Jane want to rent a new house but it is very expensive. 8. The cat is under the sofa in the living room. eek” occOur Community \ | CHALLENGE 1 » Review: Subject/verb agreement am late. Am I late? He is late. Is he late? They are late. _ Are they late? waiting, ‘Are you waiting? She is waiting. Is she waiting? We are waiting. Are we waiting? Simple present tense I fike music. He likes music. We don't have your phone number. _She doesn’t have your phone number. Do you know Marcia? Does he know Marcia? Where do they live? Where does she live? * The third person singular usually adds an s to the verb. + Use does for negative and question forms in the third person singular. * Use do with 1, you, we, and they. + Non-count nouns take a singular verb. in the refrigerator. __Her hairis straight. _ Music makes me happy. @ Write the correct form of the verb be in each sentence. EXAMPLE: There és __a museum next to the post office. 1. My friend waiting on the corner, 7. Who the package for? 2. They reading the city map. 8. Gabriela’s phone number here. 3. We standing on the right. 9. Ton Oak Street? 4, The post office next to the hostel. 10. you writing a letter? 5. How much the coffee? 11, There mail for you. 6. Those stores on Main Street. 12. How much these shoes? Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses in each sentence. Be careful of spelling changes. EXAMPLE: (pay) Talways____pay__cash at the supermarket. 1. Gell, negative) Dexter Books maps. 2. (stay) My boss rarely in a hotel. 3. (go) Where you usually shopping? 4. (be, negative) Her hair brown, 5. (call) My mother _ me every Sunday. 6. (Keep) In Japan, people money at the post office 7. (live) __the Ramirez family __in Buenos Aires? 8. (teach) My brother wecond grade. meee oeOur Community CHALLENGE 2 Prepositions of direction and location auto etka He lives on my street. The bus station is on Grand Street. The post office is on the right. The garage is on the comer. I'm at work/home/school. Are you at the post office? He's at 25 Main Street. Gabriela's family lives in Buenos Aires. The tennis courts are in the park. There’s a dentist's office in the mall. From the office, go straight on Linden. The bank is around the corner from the supermarket. The library is across from City Hall. Write the best preposition (around, across from, on, at, in, or from) to complete the sentences, There may be more than one answer. EXAMPLE: We like the gardens _in_ the park. 1. Do you like the bookstore. the mall? 7. She lives the corner from him. 2. My family lives____ Mexico City. 8. They are school today. 3, TheDMVis___ Third Avenue. 9. Is your school the left? 4, Gabriela's not here. She is work, 10. my house, go straight. 5. Do you live a small town? 11, We work 14 Maple Street. 6, Please meet me the restaurant. 12, work the park. 8 Match the sentence on the left with a picture on the right. Write the letter in the blank. 1. The square goes to the right. 2, The circle moves to the left 3. The circle is on the corner. 4, The arrow goes around the corner. AMPLE: The square is between two circles, _B_ belay 5, ‘The square is across from the circ eel * OOO «O10 DBD Yes/no questions in simple present and present continuous tenses oad eeeot aes ‘Am | smiling in the photo? Is he visiting a friend? Is she walking the dog on Grand Street? No, you're not, Yes, he is. No, she isn’t. Do | need furniture? Does he have a pool? Does it have a porch? Do you usually pay bills ‘Yes, you do. Yes, he does. No, it doesn't. No, we don't, ‘on Monday? Are you writing a letter? No, I'm not. Do you want a garage? | No, I don't. Are they using the Internet? _| Yes, they are. @ Write a short answer for each question below, EXAMPLE: Do you shop at the Sports Runner? Yes, Ido. 1, Does the motel have a restaurant? No, 2. Do the customers use credit cards? Yes, a 3. Is she visiting her mom in the hospital? No, 4. Are you parking the car on the corner? Yes, eet 5. Does she like working outside? No, 6. Is yourson swimming in the public pool now? Yes, oO Write the yes/no question for each answer. Use the same tense. EXAMPLE: Q: (you) _Do you need to go to City Hall?___ A: Yes, I need to go to City Hall. 1. Q lean) Ee A: No, Miguel is waiting on the corner. 2. Q (sister) : A: No, your brother has a license. 3. Q (father) _ : No, you are leaving a message. 4. Q (we) A: No, Gabriela needs some information. : (your street) _ a , A: Noyit is noisy on her street. 6. Q (Ramon) At No, Van is eating at Rosco’.Our Community CHALLENGE 8 » Expressions with do and make do the dishes, do the laundry make the bed do the shopping, do the cleaning make breakfast/lunch/dinner | do exercises (at the gym) make a reservation, make an appointment do exercises (in your workbook) make a decision, make a phone call i do (the) homework make a list | do a good/bad job make money, make noise i + Some expressions use do. Others use make. She does the dishes. He makes the beds. 0 Fill in the blanks with the correct form of do or make. EXAMPLE: Please___do the dishes after you use the kitchen, L. Lusually the shopping. 6. We our homework together, 2, Can you an appointment for me? 7. a decision, It's getting late. 3. Who usually dinner in your family? ‘8. We need to the laundry. 4, We a list before we shop. 9. a good job on the project. 5. Who _ ____ the cleaning in your house? 10. I never exercises after L eat, oO Complete the conversation using an expression with do or make from the chart above. EXAMPLE: A: Mom, | don’t have clean socks. —-B: _Do the faundry! 1. A: That hotel is usually full B: You're right. soon, 2. A:T don’t know what classto take, _-B: You need to 3. A: When can I see the doctor? B: You need to call and 4. A:Is the baby sleeping? B: Yes, Please don’t 5. A: The refrigerator is empty. B: We need to 6. A:Do we have homework tonight? B: on page 112. 7. A: Why do you have two jobs? B: Ineed to to pay for school 8. A: We need to buy so many things! _B: Then it's a good idea to fist eeeHealth and Fitness CHALLENGE 1 om Emad Ihave a headache. She needs to take an aspirin, There is an accident. The doctor is an honest man. Indefinite and definite articles A and an (indefinite articles) mean one. Use an before words that begin with a vowel ‘or vowel sound. Use a or an when the noun is one of many. Use a or an when the noun is being introduced for the first time. a z The hospital is far. The entrance is over there. (There is. only one entrance in the building.) There is an accident. The accident is ‘on Green St. The (definite article) can be used with singular or plural nouns. Use the when the noun refers to only one specific noun, Use the when the subject is known to both the speaker and the listener or the subject has already been mentioned, She has the measles/the flu. The can be used with names of something specific. 0 Write the indefinite article a or an. EXAMPLE: _a_ backache 1. ___ operator 5, heart attack 9. fever 2 ____ doctor 6 allergy 10. elevator 3 ie robbery 11, ___ ambulance 4. 8. ___ emergency 2. wheelchair oe Complete each dialog with a, an, or the. ‘AMPLE: A: Excuse me, where are _ the pay phones? B: They are near _ the _ restrooms. 1. A: Iwant to buy thermometer. 5. A: Isthere police station near here? B: Try ______ drugstore in the mall. B: Yes, there is. Do you need transportation? 2. A: 911, What is your emergency? ‘A: No, thank you. Ihave __car. B: There’s___ fire. 6. A: Do you drive ambulance or A: Where fire? fire truck? 3. A: What's the matter? B: I drive fire truck. B: Thave headache and sore throat. 7. A: Excuse me. | need to take this medicine, 4, A: Thave a fever and my body aches. but I can't read ____label. B: Maybe youhave_____flu. B: I can read it for you. mene JoHealth and Fitness CHALLENGE 2 » Should for advice Pur De We should exercise every day. | shouldn't exercise today. He should call 911. He shouldn't call 911. You should drink that water. You shouldn't drink that water. They should take this medicine. They shouldn’t take this medicine. * Use should and should not with the base form of the verb to give advice or a warming. + Shouldn't is a contraction of should not. + Should does not change when it is used with he, she, or it. 6 Change the affirmative statements to negative statements using a contraction. EXAMPLE: They should exercise tonight. _They shouldn't exercise tonight. = 1. He should rest on the sofa 2. We should call the police. You should take medicine. “They should keep the medicine on the shelf. ‘We should drink hot tea. She should worry about her daughter's health. ave e oe Match each medical problem and emergency with the best advice. Problem Advice EXAMPLE: I’m coughing all the time. ____ a. You should see a dentist. 1. Tthink there is a fire. b. You should ask your doctor. 2. How much medicine should [ take? ¢. You shouldn't walk alone at night. 3. I think I have the flu. d. You should stay in bed today. 4. Twant to exercise but my leg hurts.__ e. You shouldr’t go to the gym today. 5. Ihave a sore throat. £ You should call $11 6. There are many robberies in my neighborhood g- You should try these throat lozenges. afier dark. 2. You should take some cough syrup. 7. Ineed quarters for the pay phone. i. You should get change at the information desk. 8. Thave a toothache. | eee! erHealth and Fitness CHALLENGE 3 Boued I should call the doctor. Vien should take a nap. They should go home. A police officer is visiting a high school. He is asking students about emergency situations. Write his questions and the students’ short answers. EXAMPLE: Police Officer: You ¢ Should you call 9112 Student: Yes/no questions with should Cen Should | call the doctor? Should Vien take a nap? Should they go home? tacts Yes, you should. No, you shouldn't. Yes, he should. No, he shouldn't Yes, they should. No, they shouldn't. 't find your wallet, (call / you / 911) No, _you shauldn‘t, __ It's not an emergency. 1. Police Officer: There is fire in a tall building. (take / we / the elevator) Student: 2. Police Officer: No, ‘We should take the stairs. You are at a party. You don’t have money for a taxi (you / call / 911) Student: 3. Police Officer: No, You can borrow money from a friend. Rosa sees a car accident. (she / bring / the driver / to thé hospital) Student: No, She should call an ambulance. 4. Police Officer: Boris isa cashier. There isa robbery. (he / give / the robbers / the money) Student: Yes, He should stay calm. 5. Police Officer: ‘There isa fire in school. (the students and teachers / go back / in the building / to get things) Student: 6. Police Officer: No, Its very dangerous, A driver hits another car, (drivers / exchange / insurance information) Student: Yes, And they should wait for the police.Health and Fitness CHALLENGE 4 » Wh- questions with should (eseeuerca He should call 911. You should use the front entrance. | i Ore ou) What should Tino do? ‘What entrance should | use? When should she make an appointment? How long should | stay in bed? How much medicine should they take? She should make an appointment today. You should stay in bed all morning. They should take one tablespoon. 0 Complete the question with a word or phrase from the box. Use each only once. How much Howmany _Howlong When Wher = Who What EXAMPLE: _____Where should I pick up the prescription? should call the ambulance? water should I drink with the medicine? remedies are good for a stomachache? pills should I take? should my son go back to school? should she stay in a wheelchai ‘Antonio has the flu and has questions for his doctor. Use the prompts to write questions using should and the pronoun J. EXAMPLE: what time / take /my medicine _What time should | take my medicine? 1. when / call / the health insurance company 2. what / eat / today 3. how often / take / my temperature 4, how long / stay / in bed 5. how much / cough medicine / take 6, when / make / my next appointment gee SereHealth and Fitness CHALLENGE 5 Gerunds and infinitives Verb ee Verbs followed by infinitives want, need, learn wait, hope, plan We want to go home. He hopes to get well soon. Do you need to find an elevator? Verbs followed by gerunds enjoy, practice He enjoys driving an ambulance. Does she practice asking the nurse questions? Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives like, love, hate begin, start ‘Ana hates to go to the doctor. ‘Ana hates going to the doctor. When do you usually start exercising? When do you usually start to exercise? @ Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. Fi EXAMPLE: Does she enjoy __? 1. Oscar needs__ some medicine. is waiting __ the doctor. 3. Ayumi wants __ her sick friend. 4, Parents learn __ medicine away from their children, She plans __ a doctor. 6. We practice __ 911 in English class 7. Karen hopes __ weight. 8. Dol need __ my temperature again? 9. Lenjoy __ my friends at the restaurant. 10. Are you planning __ to Florida? 11, They love __ after work. 12, You start__every January. in the bubble completely. AB A. to swim, B. swimming Coe Actotake ——B taking oo A.to see B. seeing oo A.tovisit —B. visiting oo A.tokeep —_B, keeping OOo A.to become B, becoming OOo A.to call B.calling oOo A. to lose B. losing oOo A.totake — B. taking oo A.tomeet —B.meeting OOo A. to go B. going oO A.to exercise B. exercise O° A.todiet —— B.diet ooHealth and Fitness CHALLENGE 6 » Review: Be and simple present tense statements Bena Remember lam a doctor. The verb be must agree with the subject noun or pronott He/She/It is tired. You/We/They are in the hospital. She takes throat lozenges. There is an s in the third person singular. He needs cough syrup. ‘ Itsits in the window. j She lies in bed with a fever. Be careful of spelling changes in the third person singular. Mr Roberts goes to medical school. | Some verbs are irregular in the third person singular. thas a broken leg. I'm not healthy. To make a negative, add net to be. They don’t want to exercise. ‘Add do not (don’t) or do nat (doesn't) to other verbs. He doesn’t feel sick. @ Fill in the simple present tense. Use the negative form if indicated. EXAMPLE: (hurt, negative) My feet don't hurt s 1. (try) She to follow directions on the label. 2. (exercise, negative) My husband alot. 3. (go) Mr. Ngyuen to the gym after work. 4. (burt) Ouch! My arm 5. (be) Headaches a symptom of the flu. 6. (have, negative) She ahrigh fever. i 7. (Feel) Rajiv Lo 8. (be) The building on fire. 9. (write) Doctors prescriptions. 10, (drink) My brother never alcohol 11. (worry) Sometimes my teacher about our health. 12, (have) Carla acold, 13. (be) The police on the way. 14. (need, negative) My grandfather a wheelchair, 15. (see) I red spots on her face. 16. (be, negative) It an emergency. gee eresHealth and Fitness CHALLENGE 7 » Review: Yes/no questions with simple present and present continuous tenses Sees ee Do I need medicine? Yes, you do. Does he have a cold? _| Yes, he does. Does it hurt? No, it doesn't. Do you need something? | No, we don’t. Do you usually get cold | No, I don't. in the winter? 0 Write a short answer for each question below. EXAMPLE: Do you need help? Is he waiting for an ambulance? Do the children hate cough syrup? Are you taking medicine? Does the police officer speak Spanish? Do they think Rajiv has the flu? Are those firefighters putting out a fire? Does Paula want to rest? Gieueaeees ‘Am | following directions? Is he having a heart attack? Is the doctor’s office on the corner of Main Street? No, you're not, Yes, he is. Are you writing a prescription? | No, 'm not. Are they talking to the police? | Yes, they are. Is she giving instructions? No, she isn’t. Yes, I_do. No, he Yes, they No, it Yes; 1 No, she Yes, they Yes, they No, she o Write the question for each answer, Use the same tense. EXAMPLE: Q: _{s the ambulance coming right away? ‘A: The ambulance is coming right away, LQ ‘A: The nurse is taking his temperature, 2.@ ‘A: His sister is working at the Information Desk today. ‘Manuel has a cold every winter. 4 @ A: Her teeth hurt all the time. A: Exercise builds musele. ‘amon and his wife are looking for the restroom.id Fitness CHALLENGE 8 » Present tense with when When | walk a lot, my feet ache. or When he coughs, his chest hurts. - or When I rest, | feel better. or My feet ache when | walk a lot. His chest hurts when he coughs. | feel better when I rest. + Use when with the present tense to talk about habits, routines, or things that are always true, * The pronoun you doesn’t always refer to a specific person or group of people. You often means everybody. When you have the measles, you get red spots. (you = everybody) 0 Write the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence. EXAMPLE: When I havea headache, _f ahs a 1, You call 911___ b 2. When I get a new prescription, “ 3. When you have the flu, d. 4. Your temperature is over 98.6°F 5. [never eat snacks__ x 6. When you do yard work, & 7. When I carry heavy things, he 8. When you exercise,__ i Tread the label carefully. when I'm ona diet. you fee! tired and sick. when you have a fever. you get exercise, Ttake an aspirin. my back hurts. you feel good. when there is an emergency. oO Combine the two sentences to make one complete sentence with when. EXAMPLE: Our children catch colds. We catch colds, too. When our children catch colds, we catch colds, too. 1. She has the fin, She goes to bed early. 2. Their noses run. They have colds. 3. The dog is tired. It doesn’t want to go out. 4, He hasa sore throat. He drinks tea. 5. You call 911. A person is hurt in an accident. meet JecmcommesWorking on It CHALLENGE 1 >» ple past tense of be Soa Pn Pa enue 1 was was not (wasn’t) her boss. He/She//t here, We/You/They were were not (weren't) cashiers. + The verb be is irregular in the past tense. + Add not after be to form the negative. ee ea Sues Was Huong a nurse in her country? Yes, she was. No, she wasn’t. Was it a good job? Yes, it was. No, it wasn’t. Were those actors famous? Yes, they were. No, they weren’t. Were you nervous about the interview? Yes, we were. No, we weren't. Q Fill in the blanks with was or were. EXAMPLE: My mother ____was a homemaker, et self-employed in my country, 4. the bus boy busy? ai he in the office yesterday? 5. you good students last semester? 3. The copy machine broken, 6. the workers in the cafeteria? Kazuhiro is asking his friend, Isabella, about her last job. Write Kazuhiro's questions and Isabella's statements with the past tense of be. EXAMPLE: Kazuhiro: (be / you / happy / at your job) Were you happy at your job? a Kazuhiro: (be / it / a full-time / job) . Isabella: (yes / it / be) |. Kazuhiro: (be / your co-workers / friendly) a“ 2 3. 4, Isabella: Yes, (my manager / be / nice / too) 5. Kazuhiro: (be / the benefits / good) 6 a 8. 9 Isabella: (yes / they / be / great) . Kazuhiro: (be / the work / boring) . Isabella: (no, it /be [negative]) __ ). Kanuhiro: (be / the office / far away) We had three weeks vacation, 10, Isabella: (no / it / be [negative]) Twalked to work, 11. Kazuhiro: Twant to work there! (be / the salary / okay) __ 12, Isabella: (the salary / be / high) But, sorry, the job is in Brazil! mm eeeWorking on It ey To form the simple past tense of regular verbs, add -ed to the base fom. Irregular spellings in the simple past tense + Ifthe base verb ends in e, add -d. + ifthe base verb ends in a consonant + y, change the y to i and add -ed. + Ifthe base verbs ends in a vowel + y, add -ed. + For one-syllable words, double the final consonant if the base ends in consonant-vowel-consonant. Exception: Don't double w or x. + For two-syllable words that end in consonant-vowel-consonant, double the final consonant only if the last syllable is stressed. + ifthe last syllable is not stressed, do not double the final consonant CHALLENGE 2 » Spelling the regular simple past tense work manage study play stop show prefer happen Past Tense worked managed studied played stopped showed preferred happened ; @ Write the simple past tense of these verbs. Some have spelling changes. EXAMPLE: stay stayed 1. fix 6. drop 2. use 7. permit 3, remember 8. open 4. ry 9. carry 5. listen 10. enjoy oO: EXAMPLE: (start) I started. my job in July. 1. (deliver) Anya the mail this morning, 2. (chew) That man gum during his interview. 3. (manage) [__ 100 employees. 4. (chop) The cook ‘vegetables for the soup. 5. (show) The secretary, the letter to the manager. 6. (clean) The custodians never the halls. 7. (decide) Ben and Luiz to open a restaurant. 8. (apply) They, for jobs in our company. 9. (stop) We ‘working at 6:00. 10. (drop) The carpenter__the hammer. gral err in the blanks with the simple past tense form of the verb given.Working on it CHALLENGE 3 » Irregular verbs in the simple past tense COCR Am alc) Cee ee lt) a ra lr) 2 become became see saw g begin began sell sold = break broke send sent = -bring brought sing sang 2 build built sit sat 2 buy bought sleep slept iS catch caught speak spoke g choose chose spend spent g come came stand stood & cost cost sweep swept cut cut take took do did teach taught draw drew tell told drink drank think thought drive drove throw threw eat ate understand — understood feel felt wake woke find found wear wore forget forgot write wrote get got + Many verbs are irregular in the simple past tense. You need to memorize these verbs “The past form read rhymes with red. 6 Complete each sentence with the past tense of the verb in parentheses. EXAMPLE: (write) I___wrote a letter to the manager. 1. (build) We this roadlast yea 11, (find) He a great job. 2. (hear) I about the benefits. 12. (know) She every co-worker 3. (buy) We suits for the interview. 13. (put) I the package over there. 4. (give) She me my paycheck. 14, (find) We. the office keys. 5. (hurt) my knee at work, 15. (pay) He the delivery persor 6 (wear) Vietor__a hard hat. 16, (sell) Davi his first TV 7. (become) She adoctor, 17, (run) Marcia to the bus station. 8. (throw) The custodians out the trash. 18. (bring) 1 cofige to the meeting. 9 (catch) My boss acold, 19, (speaks) We to the supervisor. 10. (read) Beth her evaluation. 20. (quit) Anita______her job. meee eeWorking on It CHALLENGE 4 » Negative form and yes/no questions in the simple past tense Pronoun (rakes Complement 1 didn’t work in a hospital. He/She/tt didn’t arrive on time. We/You/They didn’t drive a truck. Bieta g pelt tty) Alias The mail carrier delivered the Did the mail carrier deliver the Yes, he did. package today. package today? They went to the interview. Did they go to the interview? No, they didn’t, + Use did + not (didn’t) to form the negative of simple past tense verbs. + Use did to ask simple past tense questions. + The base form of the verb is used for the negative and for questions. @ Write each statement in the negative. EXAMPLE: He had work experience. He didn't have work experience, My husband worked the night shift. He told us about the benefits. The bus boy cleaned the tables. | cooked hamburgers in a restaurant. Ricardo got a job application. ‘The company kept his name on file. oe Use the prompts to write a question in the simple past tense. EXAMPLE: you/ understand / safety signs _Did you understand the safety signs? = 1. Ricardo / manage / 22 employees 2, the salespeople / improve / their product knowledge 3. her friend / apply / for the job 4, the taxi driver / drive / carefully 5, they / dress / well / for the interviewWorking on it CHALLENGE 5 » Wh- questions with be in the simple past tense Peas ee Bee curd Tee eres Pee ter demon seta What was your job? How many jobs were in the newspaper? When was your last day of work? Where were the supervisors? + Did is not used with be. What did you do in your country? How many hours did you worl? When did you get a new job? Where did you go to school? You are a manager in a restaurant, Prepare a list of interview questions to ask applicants. Use the words to write wh- questions. XAMPLES: what / be / your last job “What was your lastjob2 = what / you J do as a custodian What did you do as a-custodian? = 1. how many years / you / work / at that job 2. when / you / fil out / the application 3. what / be / your salary 4, what / be / your supervisor’s name 5. where / catch / the bus / for work 6. what / be / the benefits 7. where / you ! go / to school 8. how many hours / you / work / each week 9. what / special skills / you / learn 10. why / you / leave / your last jobPura | can type. She can play the piano. Working on It CHALLENGE 6 » Can for ability Ree nen | cannot type. She cannot play the piano. Ree co I can’t type. She can't play the piano. eye Can you type? Can she play the piano? ee ea + Use can to express ability. Can is always followed by the base form of the verb. eee nec Yes, I can. No, | can’t. Yes, she can. No, she can't. What can you do? What tools can you use? When can they come? How much can she finish? Q tees serine cont s a mistake. Rewrite the sentence correctly with can. EXAMPLE: Do you can type? Can you type? PNAVE EE He cans drive a truck. My sister can to calculate numbers quickly. Does she can sing? What tools you can use? I cannot to go to work today. When can she speaks to me? Can he using a computer? Miyuki can't coming to class oe Use the words to write an appropriate question with can. EXAMPLE: Francisco / cook Can Fras 1 cook: how many / children / Eva / look after the bus boy / carry / heavy plates what kind of / food / you / prepare what / office machines / Ernest / use David / use /a cash register eee ceWorking on It CHALLENGE 7 > Must ina hes You must wear a hard hat to work. They must not smoke here. He must have a driver's license to apply. You must not enter this area. What are some things you must and must not do in a factory? Write must or must not. EXAMPLE: You______ must. be careful when the machines are on, i Sen wear eye protection, 2 You put boxes in front of fire exit 3. You listen carefully to the supervisor. 4. You run near the equipment. 5. You et throw cigarettes in the trash can. 6. You keep beverages near the computers. 7. You tell a supervisor when there is a problem. 8. You wear a hard hat. What are some things you must and must not do in your town or city? Write must or must not. EXAMPLE You ___must not_ throw trash in the street. 1. You have a driver's license to drive. 2 You rive carefully. 3. You pay your taxes on time, 4. You send your children to school 5. You report a crime to the police. 6 You park ina bus stop. 7. You call 911 in an emergency. 8. You walk in the middle of the street. 9. You play loud music after midnight. 10. You stop at a red light.Working on It CHALLENGE 8 » Adjectives and adverbs een Erno careful carefully Emesto drives carefully. patient patiently The teacher answers questions patiently. Exceptions: fast fast Our secretary types fast. hard hard Van works hard all the time. late late That man always arrives late. good well I think the actors dress well. Irregular spellings Ifan adjective ends in y, change the y to i and add -ly. easy easily If an adjective ends in a consonant + e, add -ly. nice nicely If an adjective ends in a consonant +-fe, drop thee and add-y. | simple simply Exceptions: true > truly __ shy > shyly + Adverbs describe verbs and answer the question How? * They are usually formed by adding -ly to an adjective. + Adverbs come after verbs. + Adjectives come before nouns, @ ‘Write the correct form of the adverb for these adjectives. EXAMPLE: happy ____happily __ 1. easy 5. comfortable 2. brave 6. close 3. shy 7. crazy 4. lucky 8. polite 6 Circle the correct word. EXAMPLE: Abdul talks to customers palite (palitel). 1, Abdul works hard J hardly. 2. He writes reports neat / neatly. 3. He speaks English fluently / fluent. 4, He uses machines careful / carefully. 5, But sometimes he comes to work late / Jately. 6. He always learns new things quickly / quick. eek leCHALLENGE 1 > Future with be going to and Learning PE mmm Lat) ITT Cee Cet Meo Oa COR TE I'm Lam not ‘m not going to watch TV tonight. Heis He's He is not He isn’t going to study with me. She is She’s Sheisnot | Sheisn’t —_| going to the library. Itis tts Itis not Itisn't going to be difficult. You are You're You are not | You aren't | going to finish the test. We are We're Weare not | We aren't | going to get a degree. They are _| They're They are not_| They aren't _| going to practice English later. * Use be going to + base form of a verb to talk about future plans. 0 Make future plans. Complete the sentences using be going to. EXAMPLE: (write) They ____are going to write ___ in their journals. 1. (not / go) We ___ to atrade school. 2. (not / finish) Mario high school this year. 3. (get) He a Bachelor's Degree. 4. (need)T_ many new skills. 5. (enjoy) You working at night. 6. (talk) She to the teacher about her goals. 7. (speak) They. their own language in the class. 8. (change) We our jobs. 9. (teach) My sister ____ 2 computer class next year. 10. (not / go) I'm tired. I out with my classmates after school. 11, (study) They from 700 to 8:30. 12. (take) We - English lessons on Saturdays. 13. (learn) Duc 14. (not / do) You _ 15, (not / get) Paniti new job skills. well on the test if you don't study. married next month.People and Learning CHALLENGE 2 » Yes/no questions with be going to Buea Cres eed lam going to pass the test. | Am | going to pass the test? _| Yes, you are. No, you're not. You are going to lean alot. _| Are you going to leam alot? _| Yes, | am. No, I'm not He is going to get married. Is he going to get married? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t. She is going to be a teacher. Is she going to be a teacher? _| Yes, she is. No, she isn't. {tis going to help me study. _| Is it going to help me study? __| Yes, itis. No, it isn’t. We are going to write in our | Are we going to write in our | Yes, we are. No, we aren't journals, journals? They are going to go to trade | Are they going to go to trade | Yes, they are. _No, they aren’t. school. school? @ Write a short answer to each question. Use contractions where possible. EXAMPLE: Are you going to get a GED? Yes, Lom. 1, Are you going to look up these words? No, 2. Is Mr. Smith going to explain the homework? Yes, 3. Are they going to read the newspaper later? No, 4, Isshe going to get a new job? No, 5. Are we going to be Web designers? Yes, 6. Is the class going to be interesting? Yes, The students in Mr. Eaton's class are asking a lot of questions today. Use the words to write their questions with be going to. EXAMPLE: we / practice / grammar / today ‘Are we going to practice grammar today? 1, we / have fa test / next week 2. the test / be / hard 3.. our families / visit / our class / this semester 4, you / give / us / homework / this weekend 5. the career counselor / talk to us / about our careers Cnand Learning CHALLENGE 3 > Future with will Greene a rit Lwill not go to college next semester. Helll He will not | He won't | ask the teacher later. She'll She will not | She won't need a degree. tl It will not It won't be in English. You'll You will not | You won't _ | finish the test. We'll We will not We won't look up words at home. They'll They will not_| They won't _ | graduate next week. + Use will + base form of a verb to talk about the future. 8 Rewrite the future verb as a contraction. EXAMPLE: You will not have time to go out. __You won't have time to go out. She will not travel next year. Iwill give you a ride to school. Itwill not be easy to get experience. They will practice their math skills. We will learn new technology. He will not ask for advice. eo Use the words to make future statements with will. Use contractions when possible. EXAMPLE: 1/ move / to the city /in July wi city in July. 1, Emir / change (negative) Jhis study habits 2, Juan J start / college / in the fall 3. 1/ participate / more / in class 4. they / return (negative) / to Poland / next year 5. 1/ forget (negative) / my classmates 6. my family / come / to my graduation in JunePeople and Le: CHALLENGE 4 » Yes/no questions with will Bones ere ey Iwill be rich some day. Will | be rich some day? Yes, you will. No, you won't. You will start college next year. | Will you start college next year? | Yes, | will. No, | won't, He will find a job. ‘Will he find a job? Yes, he will. No, he won't. She will get some advice. ‘Will she get some advice? Yes, she will. No, she won't. ttwill be dosed. Will it be closed? Yes, it will. __No, it won't. ‘We will work together. ‘Will we work together? Yes, we will. — No, we won't. They will handle the money. | Will they handle the money? _| Yes, they will. _No, they won't Q Roberto has questions about his English class. Write short answers. EXAMPLE: Will the class start at 7:00? Yes, _it will. 1. Will Miss Clark teach the class? Yes, 2. Will we study grammar? Yes, 3. Will you teach us new vocabulary? Yes, 4, Will need a computer? No, 5. Will the students work together? Yes, 6. Will my wife and I be in the same class? No, oe Use the words to write short conversations using will. EXAMPLE: A: (you / go / trade school / in the fall) __WAll you go to trade school in the fall? B: No. (I/go/ next spring) (go next spring (you / apply for / that job) No. (I/ apply [negative] I don’t have experience, (your sister / get / a bachelor's degree) No. (she / finish / her GED / first) enn (you / practice / your vocabulary / later) Yes. (Manuel / help / me / study) (Nubar / study / with us / tonight) No. (he / have [negative] / time) PRP PPR ee ee (you / change / your goals) :; No, (I / quit [negative]) peel lecPeople and Learning CHALLENGE 5 > Wh- questions with will and be going to Wh- word + will + subject + base verb What will you do tomorrow? What time will she leave? How will you pay for school? When will they arrive? How much time the students have? How long will they stay? How often will you take a trip? Where will she live? ae What are you going to do tomorow? What time is she going to leave? How are you going to pay for school? When are they going to arrive? How much time are the students going to have? How long are they going to stay? How often are you going to take a trip? ‘Where is she going to live? Choose the correct form of the verb to complete each sentence. Fill in the bubble completely. A B EXAMPLE: Where __ he going to find a job? Ais Bare @o 1. How often will she __ home? A. calls B. call OOo 2. How many questions are going__on the test? = A. be B.tobe oo 3. How __ I going to save money for a car? Avam Bais Ooo 4, How much time is the interview going? A. take B. to take oo 5. When will she __ the bills? A. pay B. to pay oo 6. What are they going after graduation? A.do B.todo oo 7. What time will the class __? A.to start B. start oo 8. How much __ the books going to cost? Ais B.are Ooo Jin wants to study in the United States, His father is asking him questions about his plans. Use the words to write questions with will or be going fo. EXAMPLE: where / stay Where will you stay? or Where are you going to stay? 1. what / you / study how long / you / stay / there how much / school / cost how / we / pay for it where / you / live what / your teachers / say when / the course / start when / you / apply : £ aPeople and Learning CHALLENGE 6 » Time expressions with past and future tenses eka ek cue yesterday yesterday morning/afternoon/evening the day before yesterday last Monday/summer/night last week/month/year a week/month/...year(s) ago SUR URC tomorrow tomorrow moming/aftemoon/evening/night = the day after tomorrow next Monday/summer next week/month/year next time, someday ina week/month/year Bn He came home yesterday. Did you use the computer yesterday afternoon? | saw Ivan the day before yesterday. Last Monday was my birthday. Did you come to class last week? They got married five years ago. Ill give you the test tomorrow. I'm going to look at apartments tomorrow evening. He'll pay you the day after tomorrow. Are you going to go to Italy next summer? She's going to buy a computer next month. They'll finish school someday. We will graduate in a week. + Time expressions can help you choose the correct verb tense. 8 Use the time expression in each sentence to choose the tense of the verb in parentheses. EXAMPLE: (buy) My husband and will buy a car next month. 1. (learn) 1 to fix cars last summer. 2. (start) Someday, I 3. (get) Mario’s sister 4. (go) In the future, my children 5. (graduate) She 6. (begin) I 7. (speak) Someday, my children 8. (move) My family 9, (see) T___ 10. (get) Pierre 11. (have) She 12. (meet) I 13. (finish) He 14. (do) We (quit) He my own business. married two months ago. to college. from nursing school a few years ago. studying for my GED the day after tomorrow. two languages fluently. to Canada last winter the career counselor in three weeks. a driver's license next April. a baby in three months. my husband more than 10 years ago. his degree next year. our homework yesterday. his job the day before yesterday.Get can mean receive, getagit getalicense get advice —_get acold Get can mean become when it is followed by an adjective. gethungry get hot get fat get lost get sick getthirsty get cold get thin get worse —_get well getangry getnervous _get rich get better get old Get can show movement. get on/get off a bus, plane, train, boat, bicycle, motorcycle get in/get out of a car, truck get away Get can be used with all verb tenses. Get dressed, He gets paid on Fridays. He is getting nervous now. He got married last year. He will get hurt. He is going to get hurt. @ Complete each sentence with an expression with get from the chart above. Choose an appropriate verb tense. EXAMPLE: It’s time to go to school. Get in the car, 1. The secretary sick today. I hope she soon. 2. We didn't have a map so we E in that big university. 3. My classmates about the big test tomorrow. 4. She because she didn't wear a jacket 5. [practice a lot. My teacher says that my English these days. 6. My friend - Theard her sneeze this morning. 7. We need to find a restaurant soon. The children os 8. You need to pay the driver when you the bus. 9. 1 0 Tcan hecome a taxi driver: 10, The teacher never ‘when the students don't do their homework. 1. This computer - Let's ask the boss for a new one, 12. We always _ from our mother. She’s really smart. emer eePeople and Learning CHALLENGE 8 > Review: Yes/no questions in simple present and past tenses Ceuta Cre She participates in class. He participated in class. Seu Does he participate in class? _| Yes, he does. Did she participate in class? Yes, she did. They go to trade school. They went to trade school. Do you go to trade school? Did you go to trade school? No, I don’t. No, we didn’t. Song wants to take an Enj complete the conversation. class in an adult education program. She talks to isa, about the program and her experience. Use the words to EXAMPLE: Lisa: (you / take) _Did you take a course last semester? 1. Song: No, (1/ move) to the U.S. a month ago. 2. Lisa: (you / come) to this country alone? 3. Song: No, (LI come) with my husband, 4, Lisa: You speak English well. (you / study) in Korea? 5. Song: Yes, (1 study) for six years, Also, (I speak) English with my American friends in Korea. (your husband / speak)__English well, too? Yes, . He is getting a degree in business, Great. Haw about you? (you / want) to get a degree? Yes, . want to go to nursing school. (you / have) a job now? Yes, I do. But (I / like [negative] {you / work) Yes. (I/ work) Let’s see. (you / want) Part-time. (the school / offer) Yes. (you / complete) Yes, Here itis. No. Thanks for your time. ‘Thank you. (you / have) it. Pm a waitress. before you came to the U.S? in a hospital as a nurse's aide. to study full-time or part-time? classes in the evening? the application? any more questions?APPENDIX » GLOSSARY OF GRAMMAR TERMS adjective a word that describes a noun (Example: the red hat) adverb a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb (Example: She eats quickly.) affirmative not negative and not a question (Example: I like him.) animatefinanimate objects that act or move (Example: feacher or water) / objects that don’t act or move (Example: book or desk) apostrophe a punctuation mark that shows missing letters in contractions or possession (Example: Is or Jim’s) article words used before a noun (Example: a, an, the) ‘base form the main form of the verb, used without to (Example: be, have, study) comma the punctuation mark (,) used to indicate a pause or separation (Example: I live in an apartment, and you live in a house.) ‘complement a word or words that add to or complete an idea after the verb (Example: He is happy.) conjugation the forms of a verb (Example: I amt, You are, We are, They are, He is, She is, It is) conjunction a type of word that joins other words or phrases (Example: Maria and Gilberto) consonant any letter of the alphabet that is not a vowel (Example: B, C, D, F...) continuous form —_a verb form that expresses action during time (Example: He is shopping.) contraction shortening of a word, syllable, or word group by omission of a sound or letter (Example: It is = 18s does not = doesnt) count nouns nouns that can be counted by number (Example: one apple, two apples) definite article use of the when a noun is known to speaker and listener (Example: I know the store.) exclamation mark a punctuation symbol marking surprise or emotion (Example: Hello!) formal polite or respectful language (Example: Could you please give me that?) future a verb form in the future tense (Example: [will study at that school next year.) imperative a command form of a verb (Example: Listen! or Look ou!) indefinite article aor an used before a noun when something is talked about for the first time or when the is too specific (Example: There’s a new restaurant in town.) infinitive the main form of a verb, usually used with to (Example: I like to run fast.) informal friendly or casual language (Example: Can I have that?) irregular verb a verb different from regular form verbs (be = am, are, is, was, were, being) modal auxiliary a verb that indicates a mood (ability, possiblity, etc.) and is followed by the base form of another verb (Example: I ca read English well.)modifier negative noun non-count nouns object, direct object pronoun, past tense period plural possessive adjective preposition present tense pronoun question form regular verb sentence short answer singular statement subject subject pronoun syllable tag questions tense | va vowels . wh- questions yesino questions CIN y a word or phrase that describes another (Example: a goad friend) the opposite of affirmative (Example: She does not like meat.) a name of a person, place, or thing (Example: Joe, England, bottle) nouns impossible or difficult to count (Example: water, love, rice, fire) : Leat oranges.) replaces the noun taking the action (Example: Julia is nice, I like her.) the noun or pronoun acted on by the verb (Exampl a ver’ form used to express an action or a state in the past (Example: You worked yesterday.) 4 punctuation mark of a dot ending a sentence (.) indicating more than one (Example: pencils, children) an adjective expressing possession (Example: our car) a word that indicates relationship between objects (Example: on the desk) a verb tense representing the current time, not past or future (Example: They are at home right now.) a word used in place of a noun (Example: Ted is 65. He is retired.) to ask or look for an answer (Example: Where is my book?) verb with endings that are regular and follow the rule (Example: work = work, works, worked, working) a thought expressed in words, with a subject and verb (Example: Julia works hard.) a response to a yes/no question, usually a subject pronoun and auxiliary verb (Example: Yes, Lam, or No, he doesn't.) one object (Example: a cat) a sentence (Example: The weather is rainy today.) the noun that does the action in a sentence (Example: The gardener works here.) a pronoun that takes the place of a subject (Example: John is a student. Ele is smart.) a part of a word as determined by vowel sounds and rhythm (Example: ta-ble) short informal questions that come at the end of sentences in speech (Example: You like soup, don’t you? They aren’t hungry, are they?) the part of a verb that shows the past, present, or future time (Example: He talked.) word describing an action or state (Example: The boys walk to school; [ ant tired.) the letters a, 6 i, 0, u, and sometimes y questions that ask for information, usually starting with Who, What, When, Where, or Why. (Example: Where do you live?) How is often included in this group. questions that ask for an affirmative or a negative answer (Example: Are you happy?)GRAMMAR REFERENCE nner The Simple Present ~ have (negative) 1,you, we, | have | three brothers. 1 you, donot | have | children. they aca we, they (don't) a dog. he, she, it | has: free time. he, she, it_ | does not free time. black hair (doesn't) Blond hair 1 am_| Gilberto. [am (‘m) not, hungry. ‘you, we, they | are | acook late (re) not (aren't) |from Mexico. he, she, it is | happy. is (s) not (isn’t) _|a student. from Brazil. ee you, ‘wear | shoes. 1, you, ‘donot | wear | sandals. swe, they buy we, they (don't) | buy co on eee eee he, she, it ‘wears (doesn't) buys a es Subject be + Verb + ing a 0 am walking right now. you, we, they are sitting at this moment. he, she, it is writing today. Subject Base + ed Sentence |, you, we, talked Ttalked to the doctor. ‘they, he, walked ‘She walked to work. she, it played They played football Ee Menno Subject | did + not Base Sentence Tyou, we, | did net ‘alk 1 did not talk wit they,he, | (didn't) answer ‘She did not answer the she, it ‘work We didn’t work in the Ta Subject Past Sentence The, she, | was is She was a cashier, ‘you, we, they, were ‘You were at a hotel. fence aed Subject Past + not Sentence The, she, ft was not (wasn’t) Dalva wasn't a desk clerk ‘Tyotiwe; they | were not (weren't) ‘They weren't at the restaurant mecca someked ‘Subject Modal verb | Base Sentence Tyou, should exercise You should exercise every day. we, they eat ‘They should eat three meals a day. he, she, it ae sleep He should sleep eight hours a day. i eo) Subject | Modal verb| not Base | Sentence you, should not take You shouldn't take aspirin. we, they, | (Shouldn't) drive They shouldn't drive. he, she it eat | She shouldn't eat fatty foods. Should Subject Base Sentence should you, we, they | take ‘Should | take two tablets? hhe, she, it, call____| Should we call a doctor? £0 ‘Should he go to the hospital? CeIrnree Subject Base Sentence T,you, we, they an fix Tean fix a car. he, she, it use ‘They can use a fax machine. ‘ype He can type. eee Subject cannot=can't | Base Sentence |, you, we, they cannot* (can) | cook ” Tean’t cook. he, she, it drive They can't drive speak She can't speak Spanish. “Cannot is one word. Deere en) con Subject Base Sentence can you, we, they, | ask ‘Can | ask a question? he, she it speak Can they speak Spanish? use Can he use a computer? (ees Subject Verb Infinitive (fo + base) | Sentence |, you, we, they ‘want, need, plan to ‘graduate |_Iwantto graduate in spring. ‘study ‘We need to study computers. The,sheit____| wants, needs, plans t He plans to get a job. ‘Subject ‘be + going to. Base ‘Sentence : oe a Peer jou, we, they ‘are going to ‘work You are going to work hard. he, she, it is going to ‘save F She is going to save money. CEI i.» IRREGULAR SIMPLE PAST VERB LIST Base form Simple past form Base form Simple past form be was, were make made break broke pay paid buy bought put put can could read read choose chose run ran come came say said cut cut see saw do did sell sold draw drew send sent drink drank shut shut drive drove sit sat eat ate sleep slept find found speak spoke get got spend spent go went swim swam give gave take took have had teach taught hear heard understand understood hort hurt wake woke keep kept wear wore know knew write wrote CXIIOTIES @ &» CONJUGATED VERB LIST Regular verbs Base: work Infinitive: to work ‘Simple present Present continuous ‘Simple past Future I work Tam working worked L will work you work, you are working you worked you will work wwe work ‘we are working ‘we worked swe will work they work they are working they worked they will work he works he is working he worked he will work she works she is working she worked she will work. it works it is working it worked it will work Base: live Infinitive: to live Simple present Present continuous Simple past Future Ilive Tam living I lived [will live you live you are living you lived you will live we live we are living we lived we will live they live they are living they lived they will live he lives he is living he lived he will live she lives she is living she lived she will live it lives it is living it lived it will live Base: study Infinitive: to study Simple present Present continuous Simple past Future Tstudy Tam studying I studied will study you study you are studying you studied you will study we study swe are studying we studied we will study they study they are studying they studied they will study he studies he is studying he studied he will study she studies she is studying she studied she will study it studies itis studying it studied it will study Base: stop Infinitive: to stop Simple present Present continuous Simple past Future Istop Tam stopping T stopped i you stop you are stopping you stopped you will stop ‘we stop ‘we are stopping we stopped wwe will stop they stop they are stopping they stopped they will stop he stops. he is stopping he stopped he will stop she stops she is stopping she stopped she will stop it stops it is stopping it stopped it will stop paar a -Irregular verbs Base: be Infinitive: to be Simple present Present continuous Simple past Future lam Tam being Twas Iwill be you are you are being you were you will be ‘we are we are being. we were wwe will be they are they are being they were they will be heis he is being he was he will be she is she is being she was she will be itis itis being it was itwill be Base: have Infinitive: to have ‘Simple present Present continuous Simple past Future Thave Tam having, Thad Twill have you have you are having, you had you will have we have wwe are having wwe had wwe will have they have they are having they had they will have 4 he has he is having he had he will have she has she is having, she had she will have it has it is having jithad it will have J Base: go Infinitive: to go Simple present Present continuous Simple past Future Tg0 Lam going Twent Iwill go you go you are going you went you will go ‘we go ‘we are going wwe went ‘we will go they go they are going they went they will go he goes he is going he went he will go she goes she is going she went she will go it goes itis going it went it will go Base: run Infinitive: to run Simple present Present continuous Simple past Future Trun Tam running Tran Towill run you run you are running you ran you will run we run wwe are running wwe ran wwe will run they run they are running they ran they will run he runs he is running heran he will run she runs she is running she ran she will run it runs it is running itran itwill ran CITI1 eas OUT Tn THOMSON pee sie HEINLE rae Comair Grammar FUMIE Ola Feil irallente (Not for resale in the United States) ISBN 14130-0485. 9 MN Visit Heinle & Heinle online at : ww.heinle.com * For your lifelong learning needs : vww.thomsontearning.com