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NEUTRINO THIN VN HC

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Li m u
Hin nay cc nh khoa hc s dng ht neutrino
l ht c bn ca nh sng dng nghin cu
v tr.
Lnh vc ny c tn gi l thin vn hc
neutrino, nhm mc ch khm ph nhng hin
tng mi v tr li cho nhng thc mc ca
chng ta ngy nay

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Tm tt

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1. Gii thiu chung

2. Phn loi
3. Neutrino thin vn hc
4. Knh thin vn neutrino

www.themegallery.com

Gii thiu chung

Neutrino l ht s cp thuc nhm cc ht
lepton, bn, khng mang in tch c a ra
vo nm 1930 bi Wolfgang Pauli
M0=0 (rt nh hin nay cc th nghim ang chng minh ht c
khi lng)

Ml =0
Ms=1/2 (thuc nhm fermion)
V=3.108 m/s
Tng tc vi vt cht qua lc ht nhn yu

Gii thiu chung

Dng neutrino pht ra t mt tri ti b mt tri
t l 6 x 1010 neutrino/cm2/s
Tuy nhin, xc sut cho mt neutrino tng tc
vi vt cht tng theo nng lng ca neutrino.
Khi mt neutrino tng tc vi vt cht, n c
th hoc tip tc l neutrino sau khi tng tc
(tng tc dng trung ha) hoc to ra ht tch
in tng ng (tng tc dng tch in).
Electron neutrino sinh ra electron, muon neutrino
sinh ra muon, v tau neutrino sinh ra lepton tau.

Phn loi
C ba loi neutrino sau:
Neutrino electron e, xut hin cng lc vi positron
trong phn r beta dng tnh ca neutron.
Neutrino muon , xut hin trong phn r pi ca
ht meson.
Neutrino tau

Phn loi
Neutrino / Phn neutrino
Tn

K hiu

in
tch

Khi lng
(MeV)

Neutrino electron/ Phn

neutrino electron

<0,0000025

Neutrino muon / Phn

neutrino muon

<0,17

Neutrino tau/ Phn neutrino

tau

<18,2

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Phn loi

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NEUTRINO

Neutrino nng
lng cao: sinh
ra trong cc va
chm ht nng
lng cao to ra
meson
Nng lng
hng chc GeV

Neutrino nng
lng thp:
sinh ra trong cc
qu trnh ht
nhn
Nng lng
hng chc MeV

www.themegallery.com

Phn Loi
y l mt s phn chia kh c on, nhng
n phn nh qu trnh to ra v cch thc ch
to my d ht

www.themegallery.com

Neutrino sao siu mi

Tinh vn Con cua l tn

d ca mt v bng n
sao siu mi nm 1054.
Trong t bng pht
khng khip, 99% nng
lng c gii phng
di dng cc neutrino
khng nhn thy.

Neutrino tng tc nguyn t

Mt neutrino tng tc vi mt nguyn t to ra mt

muon v mt trn ma cc ht c thi gian sng
ngn.

Neutrino thin vn hc
Trong mt tng tc neutrino nng lng cao, lepton tch
in s tip tc i theo hng c nh neutrino ti.
Trong vt cht, mt electron c to ra trong tng tc
s dng li sau vi mt, trong khi muon, vi khi lng
ln hn ca n, s tip tc i thm vi km ty thuc vo
nng lng ca n.
Xc nh c hng ca muon sinh ra s cho bit
hng ca muon neutrino trong vng vi ba .
y l cha kha tm hiu thin vn hc neutrino
nng lng cao.

Neutrino thin vn hc
Mt lun c chc chn cho s tn ti ca cc
neutrino nng lng cao n t v tr l s
quan st thy cc tia v tr nng lng cao.
Cc ht tia v tr c nng lng quan st thy
cao nht c cho l n t cc ngun khng
xc nh bn ngoi thin h ca chng ta
Qu trnh gia tc mang li cho cc ht nhng
nng lng cc cao ny khng c r
S tn ti ca cc tia v tr nng lng cc cao
ny l mt b n tht s

Neutrino thin vn hc
Khi cc proton va chm vi cc photon nn vi
sng, cc meson c to ra, trong s phn hy
ca chng s sn sinh ra cc neutrino nng
lng cao neutrino GKZ (Greisen, Zatseptin,
Kuzmin)
y l ngun bo m ca cc neutrino nng
lng cao ngoi a cu
Cc photon cn c xc sut b hp th bi cc
photon nn vi sng ln hn c proton, iu
ng rng v tr khng phi l trong sut i vi
cc photon nng lng rt cao

Neutrino nng lng cao ?

nh chp tia X Centaurus A bng v tinh Chandra. Ci

c bit vi i tng ny l l en ti tm v dng vt
cht hng v pha gc trn bn tri ca hnh.

Cc ngun pht tia v tr

nng lng cao nht

Ht nhn thin h hot ng (AGN) l mt thin

h c mt l en siu trng ti tm
Nhng t bng pht tia gamma (GRB)
Proton (nlcao) c gia tc va chm vi cht kh
photon xung quanh ngunmeson muon (neutrino)
electron (positron) v hai neutrino
Cc ht neutrino ny s truyn i, khng b nh
hng bi t trng trong khng gian nu pht hin
c trn tri t, chng s ch ngc hng ngun
pht ra cc tia v tr.

Vt cht ti
Mt trong nhng b n ch yu trong vt l hc
v thin vn hc
30% nng lng trong v tr l nm vt cht
v phn cn li nm dng nng lng ti
khng r
4% nng lng ca v tr l cu thnh t vt
cht thng thng (nguyn t cu to nn ngi
sao & hnh tinh 25% nng lng ton phn, l
mt loi vt cht mi cho ti nay cha bit)

Neutrino t vt cht ti

Cm thin h NGC2300 vi
ba thin h v mt m
my kh. gi h thng
n nh v mt hp dn,
cn c khi lng gp
khong 20 ln khi lng
quan st thy.

Neutrino vt cht ti
Cc ht nng tng tc yu (WIMP) c to ra
trong Big Bang ng thi vi vt cht thng
thng ca chng ta
Cc ht vt cht ti tm ca tri t v mt tri
s tiu dit hay hy ln nhau khi hai trong s
chng gp nhau v to ra vt cht thng thng
cng vi cc neutrino nng lng cao

Neutrino vt cht ti
Nng lng ny>>nng lng ca cc electron
neutrino to ra bi qu trnh nhit hch trn mt
tri
Thm thng tin v vt cht ti khm ph rt
quan trng i vi nn vt l ht c bn.

Neutrino kh quyn
Tia v tr va chm vi bu kh quyn cc ht
thi gian sng ngn muon & muon neutrino
phn tn & b hp th vi chc km vo tri t
Neutrino c th d dng i qua ton b tri t
v chng tng ng vi mt nn neutrino i vi
neutrino v tr
V neutrino v tr l c, v trung bnh, nng
lng cao hn neutrino kh quyn, nn phng
nn ny c th lm ch c

Knh thin vn Neutrino

Xt neutrino s tng tc vi vt cht
S dng lng rt ln vt cht trong d tm
(cng nhiu vt cht neutrino tng tc cng
nhiu)
Cht d ht: c sn trong t nhin (nc ,bng..)
Cherenkov (Pavel A. Cherenkov, Il ja M. Frank
v Igor Y. Tamm )
Vt cht c chn cho mi trng my d ht
phi rt trong sut i vi nh sng.

Knh thin vn neutrino

Cc b cm quang trong th tch my d ht s
quan st thi gian ti v cng ca nh sng
Cherenkov pht ra t muon xc nh hng
ca cc neutrino trong chng vi .
Tr ngi: dng muon t cc tng tc tia v tr
trong bu tri pha trn knh thin vn ln hn
nhiu so vi lng muon trng i t cc tng
tc neutrino

Knh thin vn neutrino

Khc phc: t su trong nc hay tng bng,
vi cc b phn my d ht nhn xung xuyn
qua tri t.
Tri t c s dng lm b lc hp th cc
muon kh quyn muon no tin n xuyn
qua tri t mi c chp nhn
Yu cu th tch ln ca mi trng rt trong
sut v tc chm ca dng muon kh quyn
xy dng nhng ni rt c bit

Knh thin vn neutrino

Th tch 1km3
My d ht Baikal h Baikal
Lot my d muon v neutrino Nam Cc (AMANDA)

Knh thin vn neutrino

Mt muon n t
tng tc neutrino
knh thin vn
AMANDA ti Nam
Cc.

Knh thin vn neutrino

AMANDA gm 677 my d nh sng trin khai
19 l su trong tng bng nn Amundsen-Scott
ti Nam Cc
Knh thin vn AMANDA pht hin 3-4 neutrino
mi ngy, ph hp vi s lng mong i ca
neutrino kh quyn.
Chng minh rng k thut my d ht
Cherenkov c ln trng thnh & sn sng
cho tm kim neutrino nng lng cao

D n mi
IceCube (80 lot my d sng (tng cng 4800)
su t 1450 n 2450 m ti cng a im vi
AMANDA
ANTARES: Thin vn hc vi Knh thin vn
neutrino v Nghin cu mi trng trong lng
tri t (ngoi vi Toulou Php)
NESTOR: Knh thin vn neutrino tu ngm m
rng vi Nghin cu Hi dng hc (ngoi vi
Pylos Hi Lp)
NEMO: i quan trc neutrino a Trung Hi
(ngoi vi Sicily Italy)

D n mi

Knh thin
vn neutrino
ANTARES
a Trung
Hi

D n mi
Mc tiu pht hin nhiu neutrino GZK sinh ra
khi cc tia v tr nng lng cao nht va chm
vi nn vi sng t thi Big Bang d n my
d ht > 1km3
S dng sng v tuyn do c th truyn i lu
hn trong vt cht m khng b hp th th
tch my d ht ln hn

D n mi
D n Th nghim Cerenkov bng v tuyn
(RICE) nghin cu k thut sng v tuyn Nam
Cc ti AMANDA
Lot xung lc nht thi Nam Cc (ANITA) l mt
th nghim kh cu Nam Cc.
Kh cu vi cc my thu v tuyn ANITA s lu thng
cao 37 km trong vi hnh trnh (30 ngy) trn cc
tng bng v tm kim tng tc neutrino nng lng
cao trong bng. Th tch my d s l hng nghn
km khi.

D n mi

Tm kim tng
tc neutrino nng
lng cao trong
bng vi th
nghim kh cu
ANITA

D n mi
D n GLUE tm kim sng v tuyn pht ra t
cc tng tc neutrino trn b mt mt trng
i quan st khng gian v tr rt xa (EUSO)
My thu nh sng gc rng qu o (OWL) (tm
kim cc tng tc neutrino trong bu kh
quyn vi th tch my d ht vi nghn kilomet
khi)

Kt lun
Cuc sn tm neutrino nng lng cao n t v
tr ch mi bt u v, trong tng lai gn,
chng ta hi vng s bit c nhng s tht l
th mi v v tr y quyn r ca chng ta

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Hong Nht Quang

Trn Nguyn Quc Vit
Nguyn Vn Tun

K0904510
K0904796
K0904748