TP CH KHOA HC & CNG NGH CC TRNG I HC K THUT S 71 - 2009

NH GI ST GIM IN P NGN HN TRN LI PHN PHI IN

C XT N THI GIAN TC NG CA THIT B BO V
PREDICTION OF VOLTAGE SAGS IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS WITH REGARD
TO TRIPPING TIME OF PROTECTIVE DEVICES

Bch Quc Khnh

Nguyn Cng Thng

Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni

Trng i hc Giao Thng Vn Ti

TM TT
Bi bo trnh by phng php nh gi mt hin tng cht lng in nng (CLN) trn li
phn phi l st p ngn hn (SANH - voltage sag) [1]. Vic nh gi ny da trn vic pht trin ch
tiu SARFIX thnh SARFIX-CURVE cho php xt n khng ch c trng bin ca SANH m cn c
c trng thi gian tn ti SANH. Thi gian tn ti SANH c xc nh da trn thi gian tc ng
thc t ca thit b bo v trn li phn phi in (LPP). Bi bo tnh ton cho i tng c th l
li in trung p ca T.P. H Ni. Vic dng ch tiu SARFIX-CURVE s cho nhng nh gi chnh xc
hn tc ng ca SANH i vi cc ph ti in.

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a method of predicting a power quality phenomena in distribution systems Voltage sag [1]. The prediction of voltage sag based on the modification of SARFIx into SARFIx-curve
that considers not only the characteristics - magnitude, but also the characteristics - duration. The
duration of voltage sag is modeled regarding the tripping time of protective devices in distribution
systems. The paper also applies this method in prediction of voltage sag in an area of the medium
voltage network in Hanoi city. The use of SARFIx-curve will bring about a better prediction of voltage
sag influence on the electric loads.

c cung cp v nh gi tc ng ca CLN
i vi ph ti (trong bi bo, so snh di in
p vn hnh cho php vi SANH phn b
trn HT v nh gi nh hng ca SANH
n cc ph ti in). Mc tiu nghin cu
c trnh by trong bi bo chnh l khu th
nht ca qu trnh trn, p dng cho LPP.

I. T VN
Theo IEEE-1159, 1995, SANH (voltage
sag) l hin tng CLN trong gi tr in
p hiu dng ca li in st gim cn t 0,1
n 0,9 in p nh mc trong thi gian t 0,5
chu k n 1 pht [1]. SANH ngy cng c
quan tm v n xy ra rt thng xuyn v gy
nhiu tc ng xu i vi cc thit b in
nhy cm nh in t cng sut, cc b iu tc
hay my tnh c nhn. Vit Nam, cha c
nhng nghin cu chuyn su v vn ny [2,
3], c bit l d bo SANH trong LPP - khu
vc li in gn v nh hng trc tip n s
lm vic ca cc ph ti in.

Bi bo trnh by phng php d bo

SANH trong LPP s dng ch tiu SARFIX
c pht trin thnh SARFIX-CURVE khi xt n
thi gian tc ng ca cc thit b bo v thc
t ca LPP Vit Nam.
II. CC CH TIU NH GI SANH
Vic nh gi SANH c cn c theo
hai c trng ca SANH l bin v thi gian
tn ti SANH. Bin SANH l tr s in p
thp nht trong thi gian tn ti SANH [1].
Theo IEEE-1159, thi gian tn ti SANH l
khong thi gian trong bin in p lin
tc thp hn 0,9 in p danh nh. Cn c vo
cc c trng trn y, c nhiu ch tiu nh
gi SANH.

Qu trnh nh gi CLN ni chung hay

nh gi SANH ni ring thng c ba khu
ch yu [4] l 1. Nhn dng tnh hnh CLN
c cung cp (trong bi bo, xc nh s phn
b SANH ti cc nt ti trn h thng in
(HT)), 2. Xc nh yu cu CLN ca cc
ph ti (trong bi bo, xc nh di in p vn
hnh cho php ca cc ph ti in), 3. So snh
yu cu CLN ca ph ti vi tnh hnh CLN
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TP CH KHOA HC & CNG NGH CC TRNG I HC K THUT S 71 - 2009

a. Tn sut trung bnh ca SANH trong HT

ng vi c trng bin x X (System
Average RMS Frequency Index voltage SARFIX). SARFIX c tnh nh sau [5]

Vng mt an ton

SARFI X

N
i 1

Vng an ton

(1)

Vng mt an ton

Trong :
X: Gi tr ngng bin SANH, X =
(10 90)%.
Hnh 1. ng cong chu in p CBEMA
(Computer Business Equipment Manu-facturers
Assocciation)

i : S kin gy ra SANH th i.
m : Tng s s kin dn n SANH trong mt
chu k thi gian (v d 1 nm).
Ni : S ph ti phi chu SANH th i vi c
tnh x X .
N : Tng s cc ph ti nm trong h thng in
ang xt.
b. Tn sut trung bnh ca SANH trong HT
ng vi c trng x X lm cho ph ti
ngng lm vic (SARFIX-CURVE)

Vng

an ton

Ch tiu SARFIX c s dng rng ri

d bo SANH trong HT hin nay. Tuy
nhin SARFIX ch xt n bin SANH.
nh gi liu SANH c tc ng n s lm
vic ca ph ti cn xt n c trng thi gian
tn ti SANH. Mun vy c th thay i ch
tiu SARFIX thnh
SARFIX-CURVE c xc
nh nh sau

Vng mt
an ton
Hnh 2. ng cong chu in p ca nhm
thit b SEMI (Semiconduactor Equipment and
Materials International group)

SARFI X CURVE

N
i 1

Vng mt an ton

'
i

Khi s dng ch tiu SARFIX-CURVE cho

LPP Vit Nam, bi bo s dng s liu thc
t thi gian tc ng ca cc thit b bo v
ang c s dng trong LPP ca Vit Nam.

(2)

Trong :

N i' : S ph ti ngng lm vic do s c gy ra

III. XY DNG M HNH BI TON

SANH i (c ta xc nh bi cc c trng
bin v khong thi gian xy ra SANH nm
vng mt an ton ca c tnh chu in p
ca ph ti),

3.1 Tng quan phng php

C nhiu phng php xc nh SARFIX
[1]. Nghin cu ny s dng phng php d
bo SANH gin tip thng qua nguyn nhn
sinh ra n. Trong cc nguyn ny, trn 90%
SANH l do s c ngn mch trong HT. Do
, c th nh gi SANH thng qua m phng
v tnh ton ngn mch trn HT (Hnh 3).

Cc thng s : m, X v N tng t (1).

IEEE a ra mt s dng c tnh chu
in p c dng Hnh 1 v Hnh 2 [1, 4].

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TP CH KHOA HC & CNG NGH CC TRNG I HC K THUT S 71 - 2009

tBV

ZS

~
Vt

Vt

ZF
Ngn
mch

tBV

Cc loi s c khc nhau s c xt cho

tng im s c v s pha ca li in ti
im . Nghin cu xt tt c cc dng s
c ngn mch.

Sut s c ca tng loi s c c ly t

s liu o lng v gim st thc t. Sut
s c ch yu ph thuc vo v tr im s
c v loi s c. Mt cch tng qut, s c
c th xy ra ti mi trong HT nn sut s
c ti tng im s c s bng cng
hng hc cc cc phn t ca HT theo l
thuyt v tin cy [9]. Nu trong LPP s
dng cng chng loi thit b nh dy dn,
my bin p th c th dng m hnh phn
b s c u.

Ti chu
SANH

E
VSANH

Hnh 3. M hnh tnh ton SANH do ngn mch

trong HT
Nghin cu s dng phng php im
s c (faul position) [2,4] d bo SANH
trong LPP vi cc khu c bn nh sau :
-

3.3 Tnh ton ngn mch v xc nh c

trung bin SANH

M phng phn b s c ngn mch trong

LPP (xem phn b di y).

Tnh ton ngn mch xc nh cc c

tnh bin ca SANH (VSANH).

Xc nh phn b SANH v SARFIX vi

cc c tnh X khc nhau.

Chng trnh tnh ton SANH trong LPP

ca bi ton c da trn chng trnh nghin
cu tnh ton SANH trn LPP [2,8]. Chng
trnh c vit trn phn mm MatLab. Phn
tnh ton c chia lm hai phn chnh :

pht
trin
SARFIX
thnh
SARFIX-CURVE, nghin cu b sung thm cc
bc sau : Khi tnh ton ngn mch, ngoi vic
xc nh c trng bin ca SANH nh trn,
t ln ca dng in ngn mch xc nh
thi gian tn ti ca SANH theo c tnh thi
gian tc ng ca bo v trong LPP tBV = f(IN).
Cc bo v trong LPP thng l cc cu ch
hoc bo v qu dng c thi gian ph thuc.
Nh vy mt SANH s c c trng bi mt
im c ta l VSANH v tBV. t im ny
ln th c tnh chu SANH ca thit b. Nu
im ny thuc vng mt an ton th SANH
s c nh tnh SARFIX-CURVE.

Tnh ton dng ngn mch

M phng phn b s c
Start

Xc nh nhnh s c

Tnh ton SANH trn

nhnh s c

Tnh ton SANH trn

nhnh khng c s c

3.2 M phng phn b s c ngn mch

Vic m phng phn b s c bao gm
la chn im s c, loi s c v tnh ton sut
s c ti tng im v loi s c.
-

Xc nh Sag
Tnh SARFIx

im s c nhn chung c chn sao cho

cc loi ngn mch ti mt im s dn n
cc SANH c cng c tnh. i vi LPP,
c th chn mt im s c cho mt
TBAPP v mt s c cho mt on ng
dy ngn ni gia hai TBAPP.

Tnh SARFI-Curve

Stop

Hnh 4. S khi cc bc ca bi ton d

bo SANH trong LPP
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TP CH KHOA HC & CNG NGH CC TRNG I HC K THUT S 71 - 2009

Kt qu tnh ton xc nh c hai ch tiu

SARFIX v SARFIX-CURVE thy r ngha
ca vic xt thm c trng thi gian ca
SANH. R rng trong s cc SANH c c tnh
khc nhau, ch c nhng SANH c c tnh
nm vng mt an ton ca c tnh chu in
p ca ph ti mi c xt.

3.4 Gi thit bi ton

Nghin cu c xem xt mt s gi thit
sau
-

Ch xem xt im s c trong LPP (mt

LPP c cp in t mt trm bin p
trung gian). Trong phm vi nghin cu
cha xt n cc s c trong li h thng
v ngun.
xc nh thi gian tn ti SANH cn
xc nh thi gian gii tr s c tBV. c
tnh bo v ca cu ch v my ct da trn
c tnh bo v qu dng ph thuc.
Trong phm vi nghin cu, s dng ng
cong chu ng SEMI xc nh ch s
SARFIX-CURVE cho li in xt.

Tn sut SANH trung bnh ca l 482-E14

theo cc khong c tnh X c v khng xt
n c trng thi gian c cho Hnh 5.

Tn sut SANH trung bnh ca l 482-E14

theo c trng x X (SARFIX v SARFIXCURVE) khng v c xt n c tnh thi
gian c cho Hnh 6.

45
40

IV. D BO SANH TRN L 482-E14,

LPP CA THNH PH H NI

SANH
SANH lm ph ti
ngng lm vic

35
30
25

4.1 S liu ban u

20
15

- S li : L 22kV 482-E14 thuc trm

110kV Gim c dng hnh tia v lin thng 99
nt v 98 nhnh. Khi tnh ngn mch xc
nh SANH, xt s c ngn mch ti tt c cc
nt (s c my bin p) v nhnh (ng dy).

10
5
0
0-10

65%

Ngn mch 2 pha :

20%

Ngn mch 2 pha - t :

10%

Ngn mch 3 pha :

30-40

40-50

50-60

60-70

70-80

80-90

(Trc tung biu din tn sut SANH lm ph ti

ngng lm vic, trc honh biu din cc
khong c tnh bin X ca SANH).
SARFI
120

5%

SARFIX
SARFIX-CURVE

100

- c tnh bo v thi gian ph thuc : Trong

nghin cu s dng c tnh bo v thi gian
ph thuc c dng t

20-30

Hnh 5. Tn xut SANH lm ph ti ngng lm

vic theo c tnh bin X ca SANH

- T l phn b sut s c [10] :

Ngn mch 1 pha - t :

10-20

80
60

a
xc nh
* b
(I ) 1

40

c tnh thi gian ca SANH.

20
0

4.2 Kt qu tnh ton

<10

<20

<30

<40

<50

<60

<70

<80

<90

VSANH (tnh theo %Um)

Gi thit tng s s c xy ra trong mt

n v thi gian l 100. Phn b s s c ny
theo t l s c nh trn, tnh ton ngn mch
v SANH cho tng loi s c. Vi mi loi
SANH, t dng in ngn mch xc nh thi
gian tn ti SANH theo c tnh bo v thi
gian ph thuc ca cc thit b bo v trn LPP.
Cui cng so snh vi c tnh chu in p ca
ph ti v xc nh SARFIX-CURVE.

Hnh 6. SARFIX-CURVE
V. KT LUN
Bi bo trnh by mt phng php
nh gi hin tng SANH trong LPP c xt
n thi gian tc ng ca cc bo v da trn
vic pht trin ch tiu SARFIX thnh SARFIXCURVE. Cn c vo SARFIX-CURVE, vic nh gi
33

TP CH KHOA HC & CNG NGH CC TRNG I HC K THUT S 71 - 2009

hin tng st p ngn hn s xt c kh

nng chu cht lng in p ca ph ti. Kt
qu nh gi s cho mt ci nhn xc thc hn
v tc ng ca hin tng SANH n s lm
vic ca cc ph ti.

do tng tr ca h thng v ca my bin p l

kh cao nn phn in p cn li sau l
khng ln.
Nghin cu trong bi bo cng cn c
pht trin thm. Kt qu nh gi SANH trong
LPP cn c xt thm cc SANH do ngn
mch phn ngun v li truyn ti in [6].
Hn na, m rng phm vi ca LPP c
xem xt, nghin cu cng cn c th pht trin
vic xem xt cc yu t nh hng n vic m
phng phn b s c dn n SANH. Cc m
hnh ngu nhin vi cc lut phn b xc sut
ph hp vi tnh hnh xy ra s c thc t c
th c xem xt [2,7].

Kt qu nh gi SANH trong LPP cng

cho thy hu ht bin st gim in p nm
tp trung mc 0-10%Um. iu ny c th
c l gii l do c im ca LPP c dng
hnh tia, c bit trong th, mt ph ti
kh dy vi ngn mch xy ra nhiu im
khc nhau s dn n bin st gim in p
l rt ln. SANH mc 40-50% Um chim t l
trung bnh v hu ht cc ng dy r nhnh
thng tp trung u v gia l ng dy.
SANH mc 80-90% Um hu nh khng c v

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. R.C.Dugan, M.F.McGranaghan, and H.W.Beaty; Electric Power System Quality; New York :
McGraw-Hill, 1996.
2. Bach Quoc Khanh, Dong Jun Won, Seung Il Moon; Fault Distribution Modeling Using Stochastic
Bivariate Models For Prediction of Voltage Sag in Distribution Systems; IEEE Transaction On
Power Delivery, Page 347-354, Vol.23, No.1, January 2008.
3. Bch Quc Khnh; S dng m hnh ngu nhin nh bin m phng phn b s c trong bi ton
nh gi st gim in p ngn hn trn li phn phi; Tuyn tp cc bi bo khoa hc, Hi ngh
khoa hc ln th 20, Phn ban in, Trang 29-36, H Ni, 10/2006.
4. M.H.J. Bollen; Understanding power quality problems - voltage sags and interruptions; IEEE
Press, 2000.
5. D. L. Brooks, R. C. Dugan, Marek Waclawiak, Ashok Sundaram; Indices for Assessing Utility
Distribution System RMS Variation Performance; IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol.13, no.1,
pp.254-259, Jan. 1998.
6. M.R.Qader, M.H.J.Bollen, and R.N.Allan; Stochastic Prediction of Voltage Sags in a Large
Transmission System; IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, vol.35, no.1, pp.152-162, Jan./Feb.
1999,
7. J.V.Milanovic, M.T.Aung and C.P.Gupta; The Influence of Fault Distribution on Stochastic
Prediction of Voltage Sags; IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol.20, no.1, pp.278-285, Jan. 2005.
8. W.H.Kersting; Distribution System Modeling and Analysis; CRC Press LLC, 2002.
9. R.E.Brown; Electric Power Distribution Reliability; Marcel-Dekker, Inc., 2002.
10. T.A.Short; Electric Power Distribution Handbook; CRC Press, 2004.
a ch lin h:

Bch Quc Khnh - Tel: 0904.698.900, Email: bq_khanh-htd@mail.hut.edu.vn

Khoa in, Trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni

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