RUNTERERETATION 1 SELP'TESENO.2 YTOGRAPIC RECORD PRODUCED RY-TKE PASSAGE-OFX- GAnIMA RAYS'THROUGH {CIMEN TO EXPOSE A FILM IS CALLED & BADE. 4.8 ALS THE REASON THe Ray Ae ©) Lic, ») RADIO! 16 TIP ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM INDICATES THAT X-RAYS HAVE A Zh WAVELENGTH THAN LIGHT RAYS, DEGREE OF DARKNESS OF PHOTOGRAPHIC Fiat CALLED mem ess 6/7 _ X-RAYS AND GAMMA RAYS ALWAYS TRAVEL IN Sind een 1.77 TW THICKRST SECTION OF ANY SPECIMEN TEING RADIOGRAPIIED WIL (MORE, LESS) OF THE RAYS THAN THE THINNEST SECTION, 5.7 AFVER YILM IAS DIEEN EXPOSED DY RADIATION AND THEN DEVELOPED, THE AREA OF THLE FILM RECEIVING TIE MOST RADIATION 1s ~ or tHE nay. He “HARD RAYS OF AU THAW SOF Ras 45) TELEADSCREEN ACTS AS ANINENSIVIERUKCAUSK leet LIMERATED FROM THE LEAD BY THE RADIA‘ON {67 THEMRASURE OF THE ACCURACY OF Tl RADIOGRAMH AS 4 NONDESTItG TOOLS CALLED THe OF Tne eaMOGRArtL |) DENSITY, 0, INTENSITY, ©) Sensiriviry, D) EXPOSURE. VE TESTING "7 THE MEASURE OF THE SMALLEST DISCONTINUITY THA C RADIOGRAPH Is MEASURE OF THE. ‘) DeNstr¥, INTENSITY. ©) sexsimivrty, ) EXPOSURE, TECTED ON A RADIOGRAPH I CONTRAST AND DEFINITION ARE-THE TWO FACTORS tHtAT DE OF THE RADIOGRAPH, 4) Dexsrry, D) GRAININESS, ween AD Ye CONTRAST 1s DEFINED AS THE CoMPAnISON FOR DIFFERENT AREAS OF THE RADIOGRAML 2° SPEPINTTION 16 THE MEASURE OF THE = syP.Ae50.. THE IMAGE IVTHE RADIOGRAPH, 21 MEREWESHOW THE DIFFERENCE nETWERN GOOD AND roOR dA fin! “—-~ OP THE OUTLINE OF sod peel cA2, HERE WES 2. INHERENT UNS Raplograri Ay THEAIR, 1) THESPECIMEN, © TET, D) THE CASSErrE, 247 INHERENT UNSHARPNESS —IS...U8.. 257 eM SCATTER LS. 267 UNDERCUTTING IS CAUSED BY 4 A) SIDESCATTER, 2) PooR GEOMETRY, ©) LEADSCREENS, D) FREE ELECTRONS. 5,18 NOT) CONTROLLABLE, GS.ISNOT CowrROLLAMEE 27. IN EACH YAIR OF ITEMS BELOW UNDERLINE HIRE TEM THAT WILL GIVE-THE HES RADIOGRAPHIC GEOMETRY. (Landen source size smatisn source size “LARGER SOUNGE-To-srecinity DisTaNCE HALLER) oURCE-T0 peciNeN DISTANCE TARGRRSTECIMEN TO FM DIsTANCh GAIRLLESTECAN TONS NS Ye ‘te soURcE sHoULn ve LocstEn miCTLY ANOMEEHEE AREA OF ItEREST any Ow 4 LINE THAT 16 ed r0 tHHE PLANE OF THK FILA 1) Penurenoscuran, iD Panne’ | xz (2%) me etanes oF rents mm: srucin soit we onde LA MANE OFTHE Pat AA) PERPENDICULAR, B) PARALLEL Ad TOTHE30, WHICH OF THE TWO INCLUSIONS SHOWN IN THIS CROSESECTION WALA. \V ETHIE BEST DBFINITION IN THE RADIOGRAPH rats 2 INFTION WHEN USED IN naptograriy, 327” THREE OF THE FOLLOWING FACTORS WILL. AFFECT It DEFINITION OF A RADIOGRAPH, THEY ARE~ AY SCATTERING, 2) GEOMETRY. ‘C) FILM DENStTrY. D) EXPOSURE TIME. F) TUBE.CURRENT, 2) FILM GRAININESS, ‘ 33-7 WHIICH OF THE TWO RAYS SHOWN WILE. GtVE-TI P LEASE DISTORTION TO THE IMAGE OF 34 soe scarren wits ArrecT novi Tue.-Béfisi6 ~ anv —Cenbétal og A RADIOGRA: A’ DEFINITION, '3) DISTORTION. & CONTRAST, 1D) GRAININESS,5 ALARGESOURCE SIZE CAN A) INCREASING SOURCE-PO.SPECIMEN DISTANCE. 1}. ADDITION OF LEAD SCREENS. ©) INCREASING SPECIMEN-TO-PILM DISTANCE. 1D} INCREASING PENUMBRA, INTERNAL SCATTER INCREASES AS THE ‘THE SPECIMEN MATERIAL INCREASES. A) THICKNESS. 8) DENSITY. © LENGTH. D) WIDTH. ano 2s - S90 SURIECT CONTRAST AND FILM CONTRAST ARE THE TWO FACTORS THAT COMPRISE: RADIOGRAPHIC, Com hres A) DENSITY. 2) SENSITIVITY. ©), DEFINITION, DY CONTRAS! GREATEST SUBJECT CONTRAST? {Ye WHICH OF THESE SPECIMENS WILL PROVIDE: ra fa 38° GREATER SUBIECT CONTRAST IS ACHIEVED BY UTILIZING RAYS WITH rae Lamaad (LOWEST MIGHEST) ENERGY THAT WILL PENETRATE THE SPECIMEN 107 SCATTER Brann RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST. A) REDUCES. 1) INCREASES, ©) DOESNOT AFFECT. 4 ANY MATERIAL ON THE FILM SIDE OF THE SPECIMEN THAT RECEIVES PRIMARY RADIATION MAY CAUSE SCATTER CALLED, @C- AA) INTERNALSCATTER, Wi), SIDESCATTER. -€) BACK SCATTER, LB) FORWARD SCATTER,9) rucuparesrano most conve WAY OF CONTHOLLNG SCxTTER RADI ON S10 vse A seheare Sete (©) DENSITOME-TERS. ad) SHIELDING. 8,“ LEAD FOILIN DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE FILM IN A CASSETTE AnSORUS -C A) ALL RADIATION RO PROTECT THE: POSURE, By LIGHT RAYS THAT MIGHT OTuEARWISE EXPOSE:HtE PIE, -©) LONG WAVELENGTH RADIATION MORU TIAN SHORT Wa VEL: +d) SHORT WAVELENGTH RADIATION MORE From 67 HAD FOIE SCREEN ACTS AS AM INTENSIFYING SCREEN BECAUSE OF TINE Donon 48) SHORT WAVELENGTH RADIATION ANSORDED BY THE SC 1b) ELIMINATION OF BACKSCATTER GENERATHD BY THE Th ©) DECREASED PHOTOGRAPINC ACTION ON THE FILM -D) ELECTRONS EMITTED FROM FILM SIDE OF THlt. Sc KEEN. 4) van scREENS IMPROVE ROTIE THE anal nen ennee AND HH Re PINAL RADIOGRAPH, A) DENSITY. 23) CONTRAST. ©) Exrosune, 3) DERINITION. 0 ao rus iacen sempre mane Bn — A) AMSORI AS MUCH SIDE SCATTER AS POSSIBLE, «By REDUCE NON IMAGE-FORMING BACKSCATTIR. ‘©) REDUCE THE QUALITY OF IMAGE-FORMING PRIMARY RAYS, 1} Linstteaveount onions Saino Ni ea 9% Atexoscneey —FiL66.- ayy Ladnfy ru Prec oF RADISMON row me source. ite, ) axtost. LE) INTENSIFY, D) REVERSE.49“ A FILTER WILL REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF ~P.... RADIATION BEAM. A) ScaTrER. 3B) ELECTRONS, ©) HIGH ENERGY RADIATION. (7?) LOW ENERGY RADIATION. voenene AN THE PRIMARY 49 APILTERIS PLACED. A) BETWEEN THE SOURCE AND THE SPECIMEN, 3) BETWEEN THE SPECIMEN AND THE FNL ©) AROUND THE SPECIMEN, D) BERND THE nL 59” THE USE OF ADDITIONAL RADIATION ALSONHING MATERIAL AROUND THE SPECIMEN TO HELP CONTROL SCATTER AS SHOWN IS KNOWN AS © 4) COLLIMATION. 3) SHIELDING, ) MAS ) FILTERING, SK COVERING THE WALLS, FLOORS 0 ‘THE PRIMARY RADIATION, WITH 'N OWIUCT, WIECH MAY ReoHMF ANY OF VOD OF CONTROLLING SCATTER CALLED A) COLLIMATION, 1) SHIELDING. 0) MASKING >) PILTERING, 2 INCREASING LY Wit A Lite SCATTER ON TIE RADIOGRAPAL. 2° LOWENENGY RAYS CAUSE a4. ENERGY RAYS, 34/" THE RANGE OF THE SPECIMEN THICKNESS THAT CAN RE ADEQUATELY RECORDED ON THE RADIOGRAPH IS KNOWN AS THE L&titSeh Or ie RaDIOGH ADIL (INCREASE, DECREASS) THE EFFECT OF (MORE, LESS) SCATTER THAN HGH 4) Sensrrivrry, "ACTORY EXPOSURE AT'S nia EXPOSING FOR 6 MINUTES. WE WANT'TO 57 WenlAvE sar REDUCE TIE EXPOSURE TIME TO 2 MINIITES. WHAT CURENT WOULD WE MAVE-TO USE? (SHOW YOUR CALCULATION, 157m : = ot et seeRADIOGRAPHY TESTING (INTERPRETATION, SELF TEST ~3 RADIOGRAPHIC FiLM Has CRYSTALS oF Ag By IN EMULSION, THE RADLOGRAPHLC HAT Las 4 LIER ay gcse 3. MOST RADIOGRAPHIC FILMS HAVE EMULSION COATING ON tie! __ SIDES OF ASE. FILM Bases, qecmurt (Q4 RADIOGRAPHIC FILM CAN BE EXPOSED BY 1) RAYS, Y RAYS ORUESES Rays, Chemeaky 2) Be Died OPseae 15) Carma 6 Mendel OS. CRACKING OF EMULSION Is CALLED Hts Cularien AND IFOCCURS DUE-TO SUDDEN CHANGE IN te or hci (6, SEPARATION OF EMULSION ROM BASE IS CALLED J ilk deg Wah 2, essUNE OW FILA CaN RESULT IN Borda on_ICEEN. nanges on ri Q8. FILM SHOULD BE VIEWED IN_Gulp dive ch LGHT, 0% A A RADIOGRAPHY viewe: MusT HAVE ansUSTaMLE_Leesed“(appesere) ADJUSTABLE rds AS AM B. AGOOD VIEWER SHOULY HAVE Meat Filler 2 tuple Diltucen aged _suciteh Sates , Latur ‘THE EXPOSED RADIOGRAPY IAS A_Né° IMAGE. IMUM. DURING EXPOSURE SILVER ‘Tow ARE CONVERTED INTO SILVER _Meaeic| Blom) A. DURING: EXPOSURE, SON E X OR y RAVS FALLING OW THE FILAL ARE AUSORDED INTHE Saati ‘B. THESE ABSORBED RAYS LIBERATE _¢ (acteny _ THE LIBERATED. Sectors EXPOSE THE GRAINS IN THE EMULSION. 0.1. DeYELOMNG PROCESS COS VERTS THE _Je Kent IMAGE INTO ughle _weane ‘44 THES uasic CHEMICALS IN DEVELOPING PROCESS ARE gia 4) Walid( Slop, be) Devolopey 0.15. 18 GOOD QUALITY FILMI PRCCESSING, THE EXPOSED FILM PASSES THROUGH THE FOLLOWING STIS.) Dusstayrer 2) Gly bats a) foes PAeany 9 et SS) Da 0.46, INTHE DEVELOPER, MAINLY CRYSTALS cus yoye DURING EXPOSURE.“ PROPERLY CONTROLLED DEVELOPER S| —Unetyexcd CRYSTALS (Q18. DENSITY CONTRIBUTED BY DEVELOPMENT OF UNEXPOSED CRYSTALS IS CALLED Se (1). DARKENING OF A RADIOGRAPHIC FILM IS DUE TO PRESENCE OF SILVER Aloms “” DEVELOP VERY SLOWLY. DENSITY, (ATOMS /10N5) IN THE FILM, (020. FILMS ARE AVAILABLE IN FOLLOWING TYPES: CRAG | DERTTION | ramp Hee | acl | Sg retpiise | Get see Cetase Flat (021 WHICH FILE WILL GIVE HIGH QUALITY IMAGE (SLOW / MEDIUM /¥AST), (022. IMAGES IN FILM THAT ARE NOT DUE TO THE JOB PARAMETERS ARE CALLED by Bhes (043, DURING RADIOGRAPILY THE FILM SHOULD BE ATTACHED BY (TAPE CLAMP, RUBBER BAND) TO THE JOR (024, THE FIXER REMOVES tre pose ct FROM THE FILM EMULSION, DLVELOPMNE TIME SC T0.5_ MINUTES AT AE *FOR 20%: (036 AS DEVELOPMENT TIME INCREASES FROM 07054 MINUTES, THE RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST WOULD _tasweest _FTHEDEVELOPMENTIS CONTINUED HEVOND THES TIME THE RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST WILL. ele Cxseas.¢ (007. IF TIEE FILM REMAINS FOR A LONG TIME IN DEVELOPER OR FIXEMt (WHICH IS, ALSO Warm) vill WILL occUR. (024. IPTILE RADIOGRAPH IS NOT WASHED PROPERLY, DURING STORAGE, 028. tn, IT WILL TURN (OLACK GREEN /VELLOW DUE-TO RELEASE OF _SotPl< gross FROM A COMPOUND INTHE FILM CALLED Svldes flscergud phar 29. IFTHE FIL DOES NOT DRY EVENLY IT WILL DEVELOP _ lalate, usnat.n (0.30. AFILM SHOULD DE VIEWED IN __Csu¥p glsue oh uci 031, MANY ARTIFACTS CAN me Co: Kets 22, TO AVOID DAMAGE TO THE RADIOGRAPH DURING VIEWING, THE INTERPRETER IRMED WHEN THE FILMC 1S VIEWED IN ugar. su EVERABLY WEAR long HOULD PREFERABLY What 033. RADIOGRAPHS SHOULD BE STORED IN WHAT CONDITION?x oy RT, (INT) — CALCULATION SHEET i Q41. Caleulate sensitivity for following: SNe Toe Penetrameter Seen | Sensi | 7 man 0.6mm dia wire | 2-1 SR Saas : i sar ARE Se eae 2 cs G3) Rr che tun Fiy- equivelenk sens SEN CAL 3 yes