Kristin Hargrove Cassie Tolhurst Quantitative Reasoning Group Project #3 Group Project #3: Linear Functions plot I 1.) Explain if this looks like a linear relationship. fier plotting the information that compares city miles per gallon or MPG and the highway MPG, there is a linear relationship because the model is an acsending straight line graph. 2.) Does this line look like like it’s a “good fit” to generalize the rate of change between city mileage and highway mileage? Describe the probable relationship. The line does showcase a good fit between the city mileage and highway mileage relationship. The linear graph shows a positive correlation between the two data points. A positive correlation is when the two variable rise and fall together. 3.) Find the rate of change (slope) for the Line in Part I. Interpret this rate of change using the proper units. (12, 18) (27,37) m=y2eyl > 37-18 = 19 xl yl x2y2 x2xL 27215 3 1.27 MPG highway per city MPG on average. 1.27 MPG 4.) Find the equation of the linear equation that gives the highway mileage as a function of the city mileage. y=mx+b (12,18) Q7,37)m=127 b=28 y=12%K+28 i8= 1.27012) +b 3 tartare “15.24 -15.245.) What highway mileage does the function predict for @ car that gets 21 mpg in city driving? Compare this to the Mercedes Benz C-Class C250 and the Subaru Forester 2.5 X Limited SUV. What are the percent differences between the predicted value and the actual value? Explain the difference. why 5 hoe 4 qitieence ? y= 12721) + 9.4 The predicted value for the highway mpg is 29.4 Predicted Value: (21, 29.4) Mercedes Actual Value: (21, 31) Subaru Actual Value: (21, 27) All the cars have the same city mpg, but so far we can see the highway mpg varies slightly. Absolute Valu Reference Value Reference Value Mercedes Benz: 31 - 29.4 = .05498 X 100 = 5.49% 29.4 The Mercedes Benz gets 5.49% more on the highway MPG compared to the predicted value. Subaru Forester: 27 - 29.4 29.4 The Subaru Forester gets 8.16% less on the highway MPG compared to the predicted value. = 00816 X 100 8.16% 6.) What city mileage does the function predict for car that gets 21 MPG in highway driving? Compare this to the Acura MDX. What is the percent difference between the predicted value and the actual value? Explain the difference. Why das this dfdeence accut > y=1.27x+2.8 Highway MPG = 21 Predicted Value 143 4 21= 127x428 Acura Actual Value = 16 28 28 18.2= L27x 127 127 x=143 Absolute Value - Reference Value Reference Value 16 -14.3 = .11888 X 100 = 11.8% 143 ‘The predicted value and the actual value show that the car would get 11y8% more city mileage than highway mileage.7.) Explain the constant term (y-intercept) of the function using proper units. The y-intercept signifies that when you get 0 city MPG, you will get 2.8 highway MPG, 7L- However, that is an unattainable number since it would be impossible for the car to go 0 city MPG and still funetion to get highway MPG. ‘Scatterplot IL 1.) Explain if this looks like a linear relationship. The second scatterplot is also considered a linear relationship because the points of data create a descending straight line graph. 2.) Draw the best line you can that makes a “good fit” to generalize the rate of change between a car’s weight and highway mileage. A ‘The line that was drawn for the best fit showed a fairly strong linear relationship with a negative correlation or when one variable increases, the other variable decreases. In the case of our information, the heavier the car, the less highway MPG it had. 3.) Find the rate of change (slope) for the line in Part Il. Interpret this rate of change using the proper units. (3100, 32) , (6350, 18) m=y2-yl xl yl x2 y2 x2-x1 3 8-32 = -14 =- 0.0043 6350-3100 3250 For every pound increase in the car's weight, there is a 0.0043 decrease in the highway MPG. 4.) Find the equation of the linear function that gives the highway mileage as a function of the car's weight. y= mx +b (3100, 32) m=- 0.0043 32=- 0.0043 (3100) +b BD 32=-1333+b 41333 +1333 b= 45.3 y=-0.0043x + 45,335.) What highway mileage does the function predict for a car weighing 4000 Ib? Compare this to the similar cars in the table. What are the percent differences between the predicted values and the actual values? Explain noe hy is Hert a al none? y =~ 0.0043 (4000) + 45.33 Cadillac Actual Value: 27 y==17.24 4533 Jaguar Actual Value: 23, y= 28.13, Predicted Value = 28.13 Absolute Value - Reference Value 3 Reference Value Cadillac: 2728.13 = -.04017 X 100 = -4.02% 28.13 ‘The Cadillac had 4.02% less highway MPG compared to the predicted value. Jaguar: 23-2813. 28.13 The Jaguar had 18.2% less highway MPG compared to the predicted value. == 0.1823 X 100=- 18.2% 6.) What weight does the function predict for a car that gets 21 MPG in highway driving? S Compare this to similar cars in the table and explain the difference. Vly is Moe a di Gerace « 0.043(x) + 45.33 Explon in bins EF Ae Ges 21 == 0.043x +45.33 =48.33 =45.33 J -2#33=- 0.004% +24.33 = -0.043x 043 = 0,043, x= 5658 Predicted Value = 5658 Ibs. Acura Actual Value = 5952 Ibs. Absolute Value - Ret Value Reference Value Acura: $952 - 5658 = 0.0519 X 100 = 5.19% 5658 ‘The Acura is 5.19% more heavy in weight than the predicted value. 7.) Explain the constant term (y-intercept) of the function using proper units an ‘The y-intercept means that if the car weighs 0 Ibs, you would get 45.33 highway MPG, which is not possible and it is not relevant to the graph.Ocattecplot Porth TL a4,5h) (218) ZY © BWI2IY se1g 2009 WY 2B City Gneg) Teg miles per gatherOcotterplot Bost TT = % “ rc aw tua 4 ~ Ge gt Ss 2 g gu ar Ly r a e | =] bn Iie Jove 1 toro oo es | qleo Waqut(lbs) sn pgz miles \bs= code oials Kristin Hargrove Quantitative Reasoning Math 1030 Group Project #3 : Linear Functions A linear function can be defined as a mathematical model that represent information equations in a straight line graph. ‘The data that is plotted can determine if there are patterns in the independent and dependent variable, linear funetion also allows one to see a correlation that could be negative or positive between two points This was exemplified in the concluding group project that compared the miles per gallon (MPG) of city and highway miles on the first scatterplot. The relationship that compared the city the table rose to the highway miles per gallon showed a positive correlation, Both variables and fell together. The second scatterplot that compared the weight of a car and the highway miles per gallon demonstrated an even more striking propinquity. The linear model represented a linear function based on a negative correlation, The variables went in opposite directions, or as one increased, the other one decreased. In terms of the project, as the weight of a car increased, the highway miles per gallon decreased, ‘The information that was used in the group project is an illustration of how linear funetions can be used to make decisions. When one is posed with the choices of buying a car,the comparison of the linear models can help eliminate the options. It will guide a person to make an intelligent and practical selection. The final group project is another lesson of how Quantitative Reasoning is not just a math fora classroom. Itis the math that sheds light on everyday situations one would use to make discoveries and rulings.