Objectives

Name the six classes of nutrients.

Identify the functions and food sources

of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Describe the need for enough fiber in
your diet.
Identify one health disorder linked to
high levels of saturated fats in the diet.
Describe how diet can influence health.

What Is Nutrition?
The science or study of food and
the ways in which the body uses
food.
Nutrients are the substances in food
that provide energy or help form
body tissues and are necessary for
life and growth.

Proper Diet
Along with exercise, a proper diet
is essential for weight control and
physical fitness.
How you eat has a huge impact on
your physique and how your body
metabolizes food.

Six Classes of Nutrients

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water

A Balanced Diet To be healthy, you need the

right amount of nutrients from each class.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are energy-giving

nutrients that include sugars,

starches, and fiber.
Sugars are the simplest form of
carbohydrates.
Starches are more complex
carbohydrates that can be broken
down into sugars.
1 gram of carbohydrate equals 4
calories.

Carbs Continued
Glycogen is a form of carbohydrate your
body uses for short-term energy storage.
Fiber is a complex carbohydrate that
provides little energy and cannot be digested.
However, fiber is important to keep your
digestive system healthy.

Simple Carbohydrates
Single and double sugars
Broken down easily for rapid
energy
End in ose
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides

Simple Sugars
Glucose is a single sugar
Fructose, lactose and sucrose are
double sugars and are linked with
glucose
Glycogen: quick energy stores
If you eat more than your body
needs it is stored as fat

Complex Carbohydrates
Made of many sugars connected together
Must be broken down to be used by the
body

Starches and Fiber

Starches: plant foods (potatoes,
beans, peas, and grains such as
rice corn and wheat).
Fiber: provides little energy and is
indigestible.
Keeps your digestive tract healthy.
Soluble fiber: dissolves in water. Helps
trap cholesterol.
Insoluble fiber: add bulk to waste.

Fats
Fats are the bodys main form of long-term

energy storage.
Fats are large molecules made up of fatty
acids and glycerol.
Fatty acids are long chains of carbon atoms
attached to hydrogen atoms.
Fats are classified by the types of fatty acids
they contain.

Saturated Fat
Saturated fats contain saturated fatty

acids.
Saturated fats are usually solid at room
temperature. They come from foods
such as meat and milk.
Eating too many saturated fats can lead
to obesity, high cholesterol levels, and
increased risk of heart disease.

Unsaturated Fat
Unsaturated fats contain unsaturated

fatty acids.
Saturated fats are usually liquid at room
temperature. They come from foods
such as oils and fish.

Trans Fat
An unhealthy substance made through
the chemical process of hydrogenation
of oils. Hydrogenation solidifies liquid
oils and increases the shelf life and the
flavor stability of oils and foods that
contain them.

Uses For Fat

Energy
Insulation
Padding for organs
Cell membranes
Carry fat soluble vitamins
Hormones
Growth
Skin

Cholesterol
Found in all animal tissues.
You make it and you eat it.
Cholesterol is necessary for certain
essential functions in the body.
Low-density lipoprotein: brings
cholesterol to the body cells.
When your LDL is too high plaque is
deposited on the walls of blood vessels.
LDL= bad cholesterol.

Cholesterol Continued
High-density lipoprotein:
carries cholesterol back to the
liver for elimination
HDL=good cholesterol

Which Fat?
You need fat in your diet
Too much is bad!!!!
Limit saturated fats, cholesterol,
and trans fats
Focus on unsaturated fats
25-35% of your diet should come
from fat
1 gram of fat = 9 calories

Protein
Proteins are made of amino acids, which are

used in building and repairing structures in

the body.
Proteins are also needed for hormones,
enzymes, and other essential molecules.

Protein Continued
Essential amino acids are nine amino

acids that the body cannot produce on

its own.
Complete proteins are dietary proteins
that contain all the essential amino
acids.
Incomplete proteins do not contain all
the essential amino acids.

Uses for Proteins

Body building nutrient
Build & repair tissue
Hormones, enzymes, antibodies
Energy
Americans get too much protein
Excess stores as fat
1 gram of protein = 4 calories

Metabolism
Metabolism is the sum of the chemical

processes that take place in your body

to keep you alive and active.
Metabolism requires energy from
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
The energy in food is measured in
calories.

What Is a Calorie?
A calorie is the amount of heat
needed to raise the
temperature of a liter of water
1 degree.
Relax. It is just a scientific way
to measure energy.

What Do You Need to

Know About Calories?
Think about what you regularly eat,
What your calorie needs are,
And how to count calories.
It takes approximately 3,500 calories
below your calorie needs to lose a pound
of body fat.
It takes approximately 3,500 calories
above your calorie needs to gain a pound.

Calories Countand They Come

From Both Food and Beverages.
When eating packaged foods (for
example, frozen, canned, and some
prepared foods from the grocery
store), counting your calories is easy
it's on the nutrition facts label.
When eating foods that do not have
a nutrition facts label, you should
pay attention to portion size.

We need food for energy

Fat
Carbohydrate

Protein
Carbohydrate

As we eat, our body uses that

energy for all processes and
energy for exercise
Some nutrients that we do not
use is stored temporarily as
glycogen
If we do not exercise our bodies
will convert the energy into
FAT

Fat
Carbohydrate
Protein
Fat

Protein

Protein
Carbohydrate

Fat

Can You:
Name the six classes of nutrients.
Identify the functions and food sources of

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Describe the need for enough fiber in your diet.
Identify one health disorder linked to high levels of
saturated fats in the diet.
Describe how diet can influence health.

No Applause Is Necessary