.

.


.
.

. /

.

.

:

.. .

.

 .
.
.

.

.

Superelevation Widening

.

.

....

) (
.

) ( .
.

) (.
) ( .

)
( .

Design Classes



.

 ) ( .

-
Design Speed

.
.
Running Speed

) ( .
.Average Spot Speed

.

 ) (

( /)
( /)
Average Running Speed
Design Speed
45
50
53
60
61
70
68
80
75
90
81
100
88
110
94
120
100
130
106
140
Design Speed Standards


.
) (

( /)
( / )
(
50
30
)LOCAL

60
50
( COLLECTOR
)

100
80
90
70
60
50

90
120
) ( Expressway

Level of Service & Highway Capacity


.



) ( .

 ) (

Two Lanes
/ -

/
.

/ .



.

/

.
.
/


.
.
.
.

/

/ .






.

/
.

/
.
)(
)-

(
)( )( .
.

/


.

 :
.
.
.
.
.
.
) (

( C )
( C)
( D )

)( Sight Distance


.
)(Stopping Sight Distance

)(
) . (
)(Passing Sight Distance


. ). (
) (

) (

)(

2
3
5
7
9
12
16

4
6
10
15
21
29
38

6
10
18
26
*
*
*

40
50
60
70
80
90
100
*
: /

)( : ) (
) ( = = + .
: / .
)( : ) (

. ) ( .


) . (-
) (- .

.

.

.
)(Crest Curve
)(
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... L = Kc X A

= L
)Kc= (

 =A
) ( K c

) ( Kc

( / )


90
5
40
130
15
50
180
18
60
250
31
70
310
49
80
390
71
90
480
105
100
570
151
110
670
202
120
) ( : / - +

) ( Kc / .
A = | (3) - (- 4)| = 7
L = 5 x 7 = 35 m
.
) ( Sag Curve
)(
L = Ks x A ..2

= L
)Ks = (
= A
)(Ks
8
40
12
50
18
60
25
70
32
80
40
90
51
100
62
110
73
120
) ( : / - +
.
) ( K s /
A = | (-3) - (3 ) | = 6
m L = 6 x 8 = 48
.


Horizontal Alignment
Superelevation
Superelevation

). (

:
= R
/ = V
= f
/ = e
) ( /

) (
)(
.
) (

) / )
0.10
0.08

0.10
0.08

0.12
0.08

0.12
0.10

) (

0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
/
45
45
50
55
0.17
40
70
75
85
90
0.16
50
105
115
125
135
0.15
60
150
160
175
195
0.14
70
195
210
230
250
0.14
80
255
275
305
335
0.13
90
330
360
395
440
0.12
100
415
455
500
560
0.11
110

) /)

120
130

0.09
0.09

755
885

655
785

595
700

140

0.08

1100

965

860

540
635
770

) ). ((


) ) ()( (

=A
, =B

=C

=D
Superelevation Development
.
Transition Curve .

).(

) (
.

.



.
) (
(
)
( / )
0.74
40
0.66
50
0.59
60
0.54
70
0.50
80
0.47
90
0.44
100

110
120
130
140
)(

0.41
0.38
0.36
0.34

= L
) /( =e
= w
) r = (
)( /
/
) ( .
)(
.
Transition Curves
) (

.

.
.
:
) L = 0.0702 V3 / ( RXC

=L
) /(
=V

=R

)(

=C

)/( -)(

) (
) .( radians

Curve Widening
.
) ( .
). (


.


.
:
.

.
.



.
.
.

.

 . .
.

.
.

.
. .




.
.

.
.



.
. )
(



.



. .
.
.
.

.

.

.

.
) ( .


.




.
.
.
) (
). (

.
.
.

.

Vertical Curves


.
.

.

Heavy Grades

 ) (Profile
) . ( ))
passenger car
.

) ( Profile
.



.

.
) ( .


:
.



.
.

.

.

.

.
. )
( .
.



.
.
.
.
. .

.
.


.
.

.
.

.


.

 :

.



.

:
.



.
.
.

.
.



.
.
.
.
.
.
.


.
.
.


.


: : :
.
.

.






.

.
.


.
.

.

.
.

.


.



.
.

..
.



.

.
) (Shoulder
.
.


.
Frontage Roads



.
Location Of Frontage Road

. .
Outer Separation

.
.
Terminals
.

).( ) (
) ( .

1.25

2.00

..

) (

) )
2.50
2.50
2.00

))
3.25
3.65
3.65

 ) (

Side Slope

. ) (
) ( : .

) )

) )

1:3
1:6
1:3
1:6
1:4
1:6

01
4 :1 4 :1
4 :1
4 :1 6 :1 1:6

1:2
1:3
1:2
1:3
1:3
1:4

1-3
3 :1 3 :1
4 :1
4 :1 4 :1 4 :1

1:2
1:3
1:2
1:3
1:2
1:3

35
1.5 : 1 3 :1
3 :1
4 :1 3 :1 4 :1

1:2
1:2
1:2
1:2
1:2
1:2

5
1.5 : 1 1:2
1:2
1:3
1:2 3 :1

.
.
.
.

 . .
.
:






.
.
.

: :

.

) ( .

.
.

.

.


.

.


.

.
.
.
.


.
.

.
.
.

.
.




.
.


.
.



.

.

.



. .


) (Through Traffic




.

.



.
.



.

.
) (


.


.

.

.



.
)
(
.
.

.



.

.
)
(
.

GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF ROUNDABOUT

.


)
( .
FLARE DESIGN AT ENTRY

 ) ( Approach Lanes
.
). (
ENTRY WIDTH

.
.
. ).(
CIRCULATING WIDTH


.
) ) . ((
. ) ( ROUNDABOUT

.

INSCRIBED CIRCLE DIAMETER

. WB -
50
) ) ( ( .
EXITS
.

.
SPLITTER ISLANDS
.
. ). (
DEFLECTION
.
/ .
:
.
.
. )(

 .
) ( .
/ . )(
.
) (
. ). (
:
/
. ) (
.

) (

()
18.50
30.50
55.00
88.50
131.00

(/ )
20.00
24.00
32.00
40.00
48.00
SIGHT DISTANCE
.
). (

 ) : (
.

) : ( ) ( YIELD
.
) : (
YIELD.
INSCRIBED CIRCLE DIAMETER
.
) ( BUS


)
... ( . ) (
.

:
.
.
) ( .
.
.
.
.

) ( )(

( )
91.4
85.3
79.2
73.2
67.1
61.0
57.9
54.9
51.8
48.8

) ) ) )
6.60
5.20
6.60
5.20
6.90
5.20
7.00
5.30
7.30
5.30
7.60
5.50
7.80
5.50
8.10
5.60
8.40
5.80
8.70
5.90

6.10
45.7
6.20
42.7
6.4
39.6
6.70
36.6
7.00
33.5
7.00
30.5
7.20
29.0
* ) (

9.10
9.60
10.20
11.1
12.3
*
*

.

.
Flexible Pavement
:

.
:

.
:

.
.
SN PT
) ( = ) ( =.
) ( ) (
.


:
= A ) x T x GF x ADTx (LF x
:
= ADT .
= A ) ( .
= GF .
= T .
= LF ) (
). (

 C B R

) (CBR


) CBR= 100
( ) (CBR .
.


) (
.
) (

( )

( )
50
45
40

2
4
6
.


.
.



. ). (




.
:

). (AASHTO
)(Mr


.

) (CBR
) (Mr ) (CBR :
Mr = 1500 x CBR PSI

CBR 10

). (

) (Marshall ) (Hveem
). (
:

.
.
.
) : ( ) (a1
20

Hveem

( )
( / )
80
0.22
500
125.000
95
0.25
750
150000
120
0.30
975
200000
130
0.33
1200
250000
155
0.36
1400
300000
175
0.39
1600
350000
190
0.42
1900
400000
) ( m3 , m2 .

1.0
1.15 1.25

0.60
0.80 1.05

) ( ) (a3 ) ( a2
)(Mr
Mr
2
Mr

 / ) (a2 /
)(a3
)(CBR
13000
0.095
20
13500
0.100
25
14500
0.11
30
21000
0.105
16000
0.120
40
25000
0.120
17500
0.125
55
27000
0.130
70
30000
0.140
100
).(SN


a3 , a2 , a1


) (SN :
SN = a1 t1 + a2 m2 t2 + a3 m3 t3
t3 , t2 ,t1 m3 , m2
) (a2 ) (a3
) (CBR

) (
20 . ) (
m3 , m2


m3 , m2
)(
.
) (SN
) (
AASHTO
:

.
.
.
.

)( ).(
)(Mr )( ) ( )(
) ( )( ).(
) (PSI
)( .
) ( )
(PSI ). (

.
.
.
.

)( ) (
). (SN3
) (
). (SN 2
) (
). (SN1
.
SN1

) = )

=t1

a1
SN2
a1 t1
) = ) =t
a 2 m2
SN3 a1 t1
a2 t2 m2
) = ) = t 3
a3 m3

) : (
.
) (
.
) (

5

5 5

15

(
20
) > 9

5

5 5
15
(

) -
25

5
5

25
5
5

30


5

5 5


(

30

) -
30


/ . :

) )

(2

( 4 )
1
2

20

:
.
. .
. = / .
:
) ( :

( 2 )

( 4)

) )

0.052
0.0033

:
2000 20
= )= 22 ( 0.0033+0.052
100

=

) (
) ). ( (
=
=
.
.
) (
a1 = 0.42

) ( = .
a3 = 0.125 Mr = 17500 /

) ( = .
a2 = 0.130 Mr = 27000 /

= CBR
= = / ) (
:
= SN3 =
= SN2 =

 = SN1 =
:
1.75
= t1= 4.16 = 10.57 =
0.42
2
(0.42
)4.16
= t2= 1.4 = 4
0.13
t3
=

2.7-(10.1304)-0.42
4.16
0.125

==3.46
4=10

:

/ ) (
:
.
.

.
.

) ( / e %
f . .

115.00 P.C. ( Curve # 1) 310.19

195.19
Sta. 0+195.19

) ( .


)(%+) (+
) (+ ) (% - )(
L = Kc x A
) ( / c K = 18
= X { (+4) - (-3)} = 126 .
.
) ( .

) ( )(

) ( ) )( (

:
. ) - - (
. ) (
. ) (
A POLICY ON GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF HIGHWAYS AND .
(STREETS 1994 (AASHTO