Py= | [ueadtetrfo@ ar dg o
where fx and fp are probability density functions (PDEs) of strength and
load, and 1(7,q) is an indicator function which takes the value 1 when
the failure condition is satisfied and 0 otherwise. Typically, Eq. 1
cannot be solved in closed-form, but is insead estimated using
analytical or numerical techniques.
First-order LRFD format
‘The LRED format enforces a target reliability through the load () and
resistance factors (9) in the design equation
Lng
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