Prva zadaa iz matematike

1. Provjeriti da li je sljedea iskazna formula tautologija:

a) ( p ( p q )) q
b)

( p q ) p q

c)

( p q ) p q

d)

( p q ) ( p q ) ( p q)

e)

( p ( q r ) ) ( p q ) ( p r)

( p ( p q )) q

( p q )

( p ( p q ))

( p ( p q )) q

(p q)p q
p q

p ( p q ) ( p q )

p q(p q)p
q

( p q ) p q
p q

p ( p q ) ( p q )

p q ( p q ) p q

( p q ) ( p q ) ( p q)

( p q )

(pq)

( p q)

( p( pq) q ) ( p q )

( p q ) ( p q ) ( p q)

( p ( q r ) ) ( p q ) ( p r)
p

(q r )

( p (q r ))

(pq)

( p r )

( p q ) ( p r
( p )( q r ) ) ( p q ) ( p r)

Zadani izraz nije tautologija!

2. Date su matrice:
A= 1 5
2 3

[ ]

B= 2 1
9 2

Odrediti:
a) A+B
b) A-B
c) 3A-2B
d) A B
e) B A
f) detA-detB
T
T
g) A + B

1 5
2 3

] [ ] [ ]
+

2 1
9 2

3 6
7 5

1 5
2 3

] [ ] [

1 5
2 3

1 5
3 x 2 3

2 1
9 2

1 4
11 1

[ ] [

2 1
- 2x 9 2

] [ ] [
*

2 1
9 2

3 15
6 6

2 1
9 2

] [
-

4
2
18 4

] [
=

(1 x 2+5 x 9)
(1 x 1+5 x 2)
(2 x 2+ 3 x 9) (2 x 1+3 x 2)

(2 x 1+1 x (2))
2 x 5+1 x 3

* (9 x 1+2 x (2)) =
1 5 =
2 3

[ ]
detA =

] [

[ ]
0 13
5 51

1 5 (
= 3 x 1 )( 5 x (2 ) )=3(10 )=3+10=13
2 3

2 x 21 x 9=49=5
2 1 =
detB =
9 2

[ ]

detA+detB=13+(-5)=8

2 17
12 10

47 11
23 4

AT =

BT =

1 5
2 3

] [
~

1 2
5 3

[ ] [ ]
2 1
9 2

A T + BT

2 9
1 2

][ ] [

1 2 + 2 9
5 3
1 2

3. Date su matrice:
0 2 7
A= 5 1 3
4 2 1

(1+2) (2+9)
(5+1) (3+1)

1 0
2
B= 0 2 3
0 5 10

] [ ]
=

3 7
6 4

Nai:
a) Inverznu matricu matrice A
b) Inverznu matricu matrice B
c) detA+detB
A 1=

1
adjA ;
detA

Aij=(1)i+ jMij

adjA= (cofA )

a 11 a 12 2 a13
(cofA ) a 21 a 22 a 23
a 31 a 32 a 33

0 2 7 0 2
detA= 5 1 3 5 1 = (0*1*(-1)) + (2*3*(-24)) + (7*5*2) (2*5*(-1)) (0*3*2) (7*1*(-4))= - 24+ 70 + 10 + 28 = 84
4 2 1 4 2

detB=

1 0
2 1 0
0 2 3 0 2
0 5 10 0 5

= (1*(-2)*10) + (0*3*0) + (2*0*5) (0*0*10) (1*3*5) (2*(-2)*0)= - 20 15 = -35

detA + derB = 84 + (-35) = 49

| |

a 11= 1 3 =16=7 ;
2 1

| |

a 21= 2 7 =(214 )=16 ;

2 1

| |

a 31= 2 7 =67=1 ;
1 3

3 =(512 ) =17 ;
a 12= 5
4 1

7 =28;
a 22= 0
4 1

| |

a 32= 0 7 =(035)=35 ;
5 3

a 13= 5 1 =10(4 )=16

4 2

a 23= 0 2 =8
4 2

a 33= 1 0 =2 ;
0 2

7 17 16
cofA = 16 28 8
1 35 2

7 16 1
(cofA )T = 17 28 35
16
8
2

A =

1
84

| |

1 4 1
12 21 84
7 16 1
17
1 38
17 28 35 =
84 3 8
16
8
2
4 2 1
2 21 42

4. Sisteme jednaina:
x+ y+ z=1
a)
2 x + y z=1
x+ 2 y + z=8

Gausova metoda:

][

] [ ][

][

1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 1
2 1 1 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 3 1
1 2 1 8 0 1
0 7 0 1 0 7 0 0 3 6

X = -4; Y = 7; Z = -2

-4 + 7 -2 =1

] [ ]

1 0 2 0 1 0 0 4
0 1 3 1 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2

Kramerova metoda: metoda determinanti

x=

Dx
D ;

y=

Dy
D ;

z=

Dz
D

1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
D= 2 1 1 2 1=1+ (1 ) +42(2 )1=3 ; Dx= 1 1 1 1 1 =1+ (8 )+ 21(2 )8=12
1 2 1 1 2
8 2 1 8 2

| |

1 1 1 1 1
1 1 11 1
Dy= 2 1 1 2 1=1+ (1 ) +162(8 )1=21 ; Dz= 2 1 1 2 1=8+ 1+ 41621=6
1 8 1 1 8
1 2 81 2

x=

b)

Dx 12
=
=4 ;
D
3

y=

Dy 21
= =7 ;
D
3

z=

Dz 6
= =2 ;
D
3

3 x+2 y + z=3

2 yz=2
3 z2 y=4

Gausova metoda:

Rijeiti Gauss-ovom metodom i metodom determinanti (Kramerovim pravilom).