GD1 - Tng quan v thng mi

in t - internet (P1)
Gii thiu v thng mi in t

1. Khi nim v Thng mi in t

Hin nay c nhiu quan im khc nhau v thng mi in t nhng tu
trung li c hai quan im ln trn th gii xin c nu ra di y.

Thng mi in t theo ngha rng c nh ngha trong Lut mu v

Thng mi in t ca y ban Lin Hp quc v Lut Thng mi Quc t
(UNCITRAL): Thut ng Thng mi cn c din gii theo ngha rng bao qut
cc vn pht sinh t mi quan h mang tnh cht thng mi d c hay khng c
hp ng. Cc quan h mang tnh thng mi bao gm cc giao dch sau y: bt c
giao dch no v thng mi no v cung cp hoc trao i hng ha hoc dch v;
tha thun phn phi; i din hoc i l thng mi, y thc hoa hng; cho thu di
hn; xy dng cc cng trnh; t vn; k thut cng trnh; u t; cp vn; ngn hng;
bo him; tha thun khai thc hoc t nhng; lin doanh cc hnh thc khc v hp
tc cng nghip hoc kinh doanh; chuyn ch hng ha hay hnh khch bng ng
bin, ng khng, ng st hoc ng b. Nh vy, c th thy rng phm vi ca
Thng mi in t rt rng, bao qut hu ht cc lnh vc hot ng kinh t, vic
mua bn hng ha v dch v ch l mt trong hng ngn lnh vc p dng ca Thng
mi in t.
y ban Chu u a ra nh ngha v Thng mi in t nh sau: Thng
mi in t c hiu l vic thc hin hot ng kinh doanh qua cc phng tin
in t. N da trn vic x l v truyn d liu in t di dng text, m thanh v
hnh nh. Thng mi in t gm nhiu hnh vi trong hot ng mua bn hng
ha v dch v qua phng tin in t, giao nhn cc ni dung k thut s trn mng,
chuyn tin in t, mua bn c phiu in t, vn n in t, u gi thng mi,
hp tc thit k, ti nguyn mng, mua sm cng cng, tip th trc tip ti ngi tiu
dng v cc dch v sau bn hng. Thng mi in t c thc hin i vi c
thng mi hng ha (v d nh hng tiu dng, cc thit b y t chuyn dng) v
thng mi dch v (v d nh dch v cung cp thng tin, dch v php l, ti chnh);

cc hot ng truyn thng (nh chm sc sc khe, gio dc ) v cc hot ng mi

(v d nh siu th o).
Tm li, theo ngha rng th thng mi in t c th c hiu l cc giao
dch ti chnh v thng mi bng phng tin in t nh: trao i d liu in t;
chuyn tin in t v cc hot ng *** rt tin bng th tn dng.
Thng mi in t theo ngha hp bao gm cc hot ng thng mi c
thc hin thng qua mng Internet. Cc t chc nh: T chc Thng mi th gii
(WTO), T chc Hp tc pht trin kinh t a ra cc khi nim v thng mi in t
theo hng ny. Thng mi in t c ni n y l hnh thc mua bn hng
ha c by ti cc trang Web trn Internet vi phng thc thanh ton bng th tn
dng. C th ni rng Thng mi in t ang tr thnh mt cuc cch mng lm
thay i cch thc mua sm ca con ngi.
Theo T chc Thng mi Th gii: Thng mi in t bao gm vic sn
xut, qung co, bn hng v phn phi sn phm c mua bn v thanh ton trn
mng Internet, nhng c giao nhn mt cch hu hnh c cc sn phm c giao
nhn cng nh nhng thng tin s ha thng qua mng Internet.
Khi nim v Thng mi in t do T chc hp tc pht trin kinh t ca
Lin Hp quc a ra l: Thng mi in t c nh ngha s b l cc giao dch
thng mi da trn truyn d liu qua cc mng truyn thng nh Internet.
Theo cc khi nim trn, chng ta c th hiu c rng theo ngha hp Thng
mi in t ch bao gm nhng hot ng thng mi c thc hin thng qua mng
Internet m khng tnh n cc phng tin in t khc nh in thoi, fax, telex...

Qua nghin cu cc khi nim v Thng mi in t nh trn, hiu theo ngha

rng th hot ng thng mi c thc hin thng qua cc phng tin thng tin
lin lc tn ti hng chc nm nay v t ti doanh s hng t USD mi ngy. Theo
ngha hp th Thng mi in t ch mi tn ti c vi nm nay nhng t c
nhng kt qu rt ng quan tm, Thng mi in t ch gm cc hot ng thng
mi c tin hng trn mng my tnh m nh Internet. Trn thc t, chnh cc hot
ng thng mi thng qua mng Internet lm pht sinh thut ng Thng mi
in t.
2. Cc c trng ca Thng mi in t
xy dng khung php lut thng nht cho Thng mi in t, chng ta cn
nghin cu v tm ra cc c trng ca Thng mi in t. So vi cc hot ng
Thng mi truyn thng, thng mi in t c mt s im khc bit c bn sau:

Cc bn tin hnh giao dch trong thng mi in t khng tip

xc trc tip vi nhau v khng i hi phi bit nhau t trc.

Cc giao dch thng mi truyn thng c thc hin vi s tn

ti ca khi nim bin gii quc gia, cn thng mi in t c thc hin

trong mt th trng khng c bin gii (th trng thng nht ton cu).
Thng mi in t trc tip tc ng ti mi trng cnh tranh ton cu.

Trong hot ng giao dch thng mi in t u c s tham ra

ca t nht ba ch th, trong c mt bn khng th thiu c l ngi cung

cp dch v mng, cc c quan chng thc.

i vi thng mi truyn thng th mng li thng tin ch l

phng tin trao i d liu, cn i vi thng mi in t th mng li

thng tin chnh l th trng

3. Cc hnh thc hot ng ch yu ca Thng mi in t

Th in t

Thanh ton in t

Trao i d liu in t

Truyn dung liu

Bn l hng ha hu hnh

4. Li ch ca Thng mi in t

Thu thp c nhiu thng tin

Gim chi ph sn xut

Gim chi ph bn hng, tip th v giao dch

Gip thit lp cng c i tc

To iu kin sm tip cn kinh t tr thc

Gim ch tc v tai nn giao thng