1

Whyshouldwehavetolearn?
The Microprocessor is the core of computer.
Nowadays
many
communication,
digital
entertainment, Portable devices, are controlled by them.
Designer should be familiar with what type of
components available in the market and which one he
needs and how he reduces production cost and make
product reliable.

Insidethemicroprocessor/controller
1. CPU : Central Processing Unit
2. I/O : Input / Output
3. Bus : Address bus & Data bus
4. Memory : RAM & ROM
5. Timer
6. Interrupt
7. Serial Port
8. Parallel Port
3

Microprocessor
CPU for Computers
No RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU Chip Itself.
Example : Intels x86,Motorolas 680x0

Microcontroller
A smaller computer
On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports.
Example : Intels 8051,Motorolas 6811,PIC

Disadvantagesofmicroprocessor
The overall system cost is high
A large sized PCB is required for assembling all
the component
Overall product design requires more time
Physical size of product is big
A discrete components are used. The system is
not reliable

Advantagesofmicrocontroller
As the peripherals are integrated into a single chip, the
overall system cost is very low
The system design now requires very little efforts
The product is of small size compared to micro
processor based system
Though micro controller may have on chip ROM,
RAM and I/O ports, addition ROM, RAM I/O ports may
be interfaced externally if required
On chip ROM provide a software security