INVESTIGATING TISSUES NAME: Background Information: Groups of cells working together are called tissues. There are four types Of tissue in the human body: epithelial (skin, glands and lining of the organs), connective (bones, ligaments, tendons and fat), muscle and nerve (neurons). Muscle tissue moves body parts. Connective tissue supports the body and unites some of its parts. Nerve tissue carries messages back and forth between the brain, spinal cord and every part of the body. Epithelial tissue forms a protective surface on the outside of the body and lines many cavities within the body. In this investigation, you will observe the four types of tissue in a chicken wing. Pre-Lab Questions: Identify the following types of tissue as... muscle, connective, nerve or epithelial a) tendon. e)blood vessel b) neuron. A skin. c) bone. g) muse. d) fat. A) ligament. Materials: One chicken wing one scalpel One dissecting needle one forceps Paper towel one dissecting tray Procedure: 1) Follow the power point and the teacher's directions. 2) Dry the chicken wing with a paper towel. 3) Examine the skin covering of the chicken wing. How is it different and/or similar to our skin? 4) STOP and look at the power point before beginning. CAUTION: The scalpel is very sharp. Be careful when using this instrument, At NO time should the scalpel leave the metal tray area.5) Remove the skin from the chicken wing using the scalpel. oa cut the skin from the chicken and pull back. Be careful not to cut into underlying tissues (don’t go too deep with the cuts). - Figure 1. Wing tp Cutnere 6) Notice the yellowish tissue found in small clumps on the inside of the skin. This tissue is a type of connective tissue called fat (adipose tissue). 7) STOP, look at the power point. Now observe the muscles on the chicken wing. The muscles are bundles of pale pink tissue that surrounds the bone. 8) STOP, look at the power point. Observe the tendons, or shiny white tissue at the ends of the muscles. Tendons attach muscle to bone. Use the dissecting needle to lift the tendon away from other tissues. 9) STOP, look at the power point. Notice the whitish tissue, or ligaments between the bones. Ligaments hold bones together. 10) STOP, look at the power point. Locate a thin, white strand of material with the dissecting needle. Carefully pull the strand aside. This is a nerve. 11) Notice a thin reddish-brown/or bluish strand of tissue. Pull it aside with the dissecting needle. This strand is a blood vessel.12) In figure 2, label the tendon, muscle and bone. Figure 2. Post -Lab Procedure: 1) Place all instruments in the empty beaker. 2) Count that you have three instruments in the beaker. 3) Throw all parts of the chicken inside the paper towel into the trashcan. 4) After the teacher has checked your instruments return them to the back table. 5) Wipe you hands with baby wipes. Analysis Questions: 1) Describe the appearance and color of the muscle tissue. 2) Which tissue of the chicken wing is usually referred to as the meat? 3) How many muscle bundles are present on the chicken wing? 4) What is the function of a tendon? 5) If you accidently cut your Achilles tendon, are you able to walk? Why/Why not? 6) What color are the ligaments and tendons?7) What are the ligaments attached to? How does this relate to their function? 8) Observe any white, shiny tissue at the ends of the bone. What is the function of the cartilage found at a joint? 9) What do you think happens to a person’s cartilage when they have arthritis? 10) What happens to a person’s shoulder if it becomes dislocated? Is it easier or harder to dislocate it again after it has been dislocated once? 11) Try to bend a chicken bone, what do you observe? Are chicken bones more or less dense than human bone? Conclusion: Why are tendons important to a muscles ability to move a bone? How does a chicken wing show you the mechanics of movement for the human body system? Hint: What part of the human skeleton does the chicken wing correspond to? In today’s investigation I learned