File Word Đ Án 2.1

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE
GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH
Th h 1G :
y l h thng thng tin di ng tng t s dng phng thc a truy nhp phn chia
theo tn s FDMA v iu ch tn s FM vi cc c im :
Phng thc truy nhp: FDMA.
Dch v n thun l thoi.
Cht lng thp.
Bo mt km.
Mt s h thng s dng :
NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone): s dng bng tn 450Mhz trin khai ti cc
nc Bc u vo nm 1981.
TACS (Total Access Communication System): trin khai Anh vo nm 1985.
AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System): trin khai ti Bc M vo nm 1978 ti
bng tn 800Mhz.
Th h 2G:
H thng mng 2G c c trng bi cng ngh chuyn mch k thut s (digital
circuit-switched). K thut ny chim u th hn 1G vi cc c im sau:
Dung lng tng.
Cht lng thoi tt hn
H tr cc dch v s liu
Phng thc truy nhp : TDMA, CDMA bng hp.
Mt s h thng in Hnh :
GSM (Global System for Mobile Phone) s dng phng thc truy cp TDMA
c trin khai ti chu u.
D-AMPS (IS-136-Digital Advance Mobile Phone System) s dng phng thc
truy cp TDMA c trin khai ti M.
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 1
IS-95 (CDMA One) s dng phng thc truy cp CDMA c trin khai ti M
v Hn Quc.
PDC (Personal Digital Cellular) s dng phng thc truy cp TDMA c trin
khai ti Nht Bn.
Th h 3G :
H thng mng c s dng ph bin hin nay, c cc u im mnh m so vi 2 th h
c. y l th h th ba ca chun cng ngh in thoi di ng, cho php truyn c d
liu thoi v ngoi thoi (ti d liu, gi email, tin nhn nhanh, Hnh nh). 3G cung
cp c hai h thng l chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch knh. H thng 3G yu cu mt
mng truy cp radio hon ton khc so vi h thng 2G hin nay. im mnh ca cng
ngh ny so vi 2G l cho php truyn, nhn cc d liu, m thanh, Hnh nh cht lng
cao cho c thu bao c nh v thu bao ang di chuyn cc tc khc nhau.
Mng 3G c trng bi tc d liu cao, capacity ca h thng ln, tng hiu qu s
dng ph tn v nhiu ci tin khc. C mt lot cc chun cng ngh di ng 3G, tt c
u da trn CDMA, bao gm: UMTS (dng c FDD ln TDD), CDMA2000 v TDSCDMA :
UMTS (i khi cn c gi l 3GSM) s dng k thut a truy cpWCDMA.
UMTS c chun ho bi 3GPP. UMTS l cng ngh 3G c la chn bi hu
ht cc nh cung cp dch v GSM/GPRS i ln 3G. Tc d liu ti a l
1920Kbps (gn 2Mbps). Nhng trong thc t tc ny ch tm 384Kbps. ci
tin tc d liu ca 3G, hai k thut HSDPA v HSUPA c ngh. Khi
c 2 k thut ny c trin khai, ngi ta gi chung l HSPA. HSPA thng c
bit n nh l cng ngh 3,5G.
HSDPA: Tng tc downlink (ng xung, t NodeB v ngi dng di ng).
Tc ti a l thuyt l 14,4Mbps, nhng trong thc t n ch t tm 1,8Mbps
(hoc tt lm l 3,6Mbps). Theo mt bo co ca GSA thng 7 nm 2008, 207
mng HSDPA v ang bt u trin khai, trong thng mi ho 89
nc trn th gii.
HSUPA: tng tc uplink (ng ln) v ci tin QoS. K thut ny cho php
ngi dng upload thng tin vi tc ln n 5,8Mbps (l thuyt). Cng trong
cng bo co trn ca GSA, 51 nh cung cp dch v thng tin di ng trin
khai mng HSUPA 35 nc v 17 nh cung cp mng ln k hoch trin khai
mng HSUPA.
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 2
CDMA2000: bao gm CDMA2000 1xRTT (Radio Transmission Technology),

CDMA2000 (Evolution -Data Optimized) v CDMA2000 EV-DV(Evolution
-Data and Voice). CDMA2000 c chun ho bi
3GPP2. CDMA2000 l cng ngh 3G c la chn bi cc nh cung cp mng
CdmaOne.
CDMA2000 1xRTT: chnh thc c cng nhn nh l mt cng ngh 3G, tuy
nhin nhiu ngi xem n nh l mt cng ngh 2,75G ng hn l 3G. Tc
ca 1xRTT c th t n 307Kbps, song hu ht cc mng trin khai ch gii
hn tc peak 144Kbps.
CDMA2000 EV-DO: s dng mt knh d liu 1,25MHz chuyn bit v c th
cho tc d liu n 2,4Mbps cho ng xung v 153Kbps cho ng ln.
1xEV-DO Rev A h tr truyn thng gi IP, tng tc ng xung n
3,1Mbps v c bit c th y tc ng ln n 1,2Mbps. Bn cnh ,
1xEV-DO Rev B cho php nh cung cp mng gp n 15 knh 1,25MHz li
truyn d liu vi tc 73,5Mbps.
CDMA2000 EV-DV: tch hp thoi v d liu trn cng mt knh 1,25MHz.
CDMA2000 EV-DV cung cp tc peak n 4,8Mbps cho ng xung v n
307Kbps cho ng ln. Tuy nhin t nm 2005, Qualcomm dng v thi hn
vic pht trin ca 1xEV-DV v a phn cc nh cung cp mng CDMA nh
Verizon Wireless v Sprint chn EV-DO
TD-SCDMA l chun di ng c ngh bi "China Communications
Standards Association" v c ITU duyt vo nm 1999. y l chun 3G ca
Trung Quc. TD-SCDMA dng song cng TDD. TD-SCDMA c th hot ng
trn mt di tn hp 1,6MHz (cho tc 2Mbps) hay 5MHz (cho tc 6Mbps).
Ngy xut hnh ca TD-SCDMA b y li nhiu ln. Nhiu th nghim v
cng ngh ny din ra t u nm 2004 cng nh trong th vn hi Olympic
gn y.
H thng 4G LTE :
LTE l th h th t tng lai ca chun UMTS do 3GPP pht trin. UMTS th h th ba
da trn WCDMA c trin khai trn ton th gii. m bo tnh cnh tranh cho
h thng ny trong tng lai, thng 11/2004 3GPP bt u d n nhm xc nh bc
pht trin v lu di cho cng ngh di ng UMTS vi tn gi Long Term Evolution
(LTE). 3GPP t ra yu cu cao cho LTE, bao gm gim chi ph cho mi bit thng tin,
cung cp dch v tt hn, s dng linh hot cc bng tn hin c v bng tn mi, n
gin ha kin trc mng vi cc giao tip m v gim ng k nng lng tiu th thit
b u cui. Cc mc tiu ca cng ngh ny l:
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 3
Tc nh tc thi vi bng thng 20Mhz.

Ti ln: 50 Mbps.
Ti xung: 100 Mbps.
Dung lng d liu truyn ti trung bnh ca mt ngi dng trn 1Mhz so vi
mng HSDPA Rel.6.
Ti ln: gp 2 n 3 ln.
Ti xung: gp 3 n 4 ln.
Hot ng ti u vi tc di chuyn ca thu bao l 0-15 km/h. Vn hot ng
tt vi tc t 15-120 km/h. Vn duy trc c hot ng khi thu bao di
chuyn vi tc t 120-350 km/h (thm ch 500 km/h ty bng tn).
Cc ch tiu trn phi m bo trong bn knh vng ph sng 5km, gim cht t
trong phm vi n 30km. T 30-100km th khng hn ch.
di bng thng linh hot: c th hot ng vi cc bng tn 1.25Mhz, 1.6 Mhz,
10Mhz, 15Mhz v 20Mhz c chiu ln v chiu xung. H tr c hai trng hp
di bng ln v bng xung bng nhau hoc khng.
t c mc tiu ny, s c rt nhiu k thut mi c p dng, trong ni bt l
k thut v tuyn OFDMA (a truy cp phn chia theo tn s trc giao), k thut anten
MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output). Ngoi ra h thng ny s chy hon ton trn
nn IP (all-IP Network), v h tr c hai ch FDD v TDD.
Hnh 2.1 S tm lt s pht trin ca h thng TTDD

2.3. im vt tri ca LTE so vi mng 3G :
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
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S khc nhau :
Hin nay cng ngh 3G cho php truy cp internet khng dy v cc cuc gi c Hnh
nh. 4G LTE pht trin da trn cng ngh 3G. V mt l thuyt, mng khng dy s
dng cng ngh LTE c tc nhanh hn mng 3G t 4 n 10 ln. Tc ti a ca 3G
l tc 14Mbps cho down v 5.8Mbps cho up. Vi cng ngh LTE tc c th t
100Mbps i vi ngi dng di ng v 1Gbps i vi ngi dng c nh.
3G s dng cc di tn c nh quc t :
UL : 1885-2025 MHz
DL : 2110-2200 MHz
Tc : 144kbps-2Mbps
rng BW : 5MHz
4G s dng :
Bng tn s dng : 700Mbps-2.6Gbps vi mc tiu tr thp, tc cao, cng
ngh truy cp sng v tuyn gi d liu ti u.
Tc d UL : 100Mbps BW 20 MHZ
Tc DL : 50Mbps
S dng 2 anten thu mt anten pht. tr nh hn 5ms v rng BW linh hot
l u im ca LTE so vi WCDMA.
BW t 1.25MHz, 2.5MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz.
Hiu qu tri ph tng 4 n 10 ln s ngi dng/cell so vi WCDMA.
u im ni bt :
Tc truyn d liu rt cao so vi 3G.

Tng tnh hiu qu so vi s dng ph v gim thi gian tr.
Cu trc mng s n gin hn v khng cn s dng chuyn mch knh na.
Hiu qu tri ph tng 4 n 10 ln user/cell so vi WCDMA.
rng bng tn linh hot.
Cc ng dng to nn u im so vi 3G :
Hiu sut ph cao.
o OFDM DL :
- Chng nhiu a ng.
- Hu ht d liu ngi dng t hn di ng.
o SC-FDMA UL :
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 5
- PAPR thp.
- Ngi dng trc giao trong min tn s.
o MIMO
Tc d liu cao :
o Thi gian ci t v thi gian delay chuyn tip ngn.
o Tr HO v thi gian ngt ngn : TTI ngn, trng thi RRC n gin.
Gi thnh r :
Kin trc mng n gi, gim cc thnh phn ca mng.
Cht lng dch v cao :
o S dng cc tn s cp php m bo cht lng dch v, LTE s dng cc
di tn s khc nhau : 2100, 1900, 1700, 2600, 900, 800 MHz.
o Lun lun th nghim (gim thi gian tr trong iu khin nh tuyn ).
o Gim tr kh hi ( round trip delay ).
Tn s ti s dng linh hot :
o Gim nhiu lin cell v tn s ti s dng ln hn 1.
o S dng 2 di tn s :
- Di 1 : h s ti s dng ln hn 1cng sut pht cao hn.
- Di 2 : ph cn li.
o Cc user cnh cell : s dng di 1 SIR tt.
o Cc user trung tm cell : s dng ton b bng tc d liu cao.
Dung lng v vng bao ph ca WCDMA UL b gii hn bi can nhiu: can
nhin bn trong cell v can nhiu lin cell. Nhng i vi LTE th do tnh trc giao
nn can nhiu trong cng 1 cell c th khng xt n v gim can nhiu inter-cell
bng ti s dng cc b, thm cc anten c th trit can nhiu.
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 6
CHNG 2:
KIN TRC MNG LTE
Chng ny gii thiu v kin trc mng LTE , cc phn t v chc nng ca cc
phn t trong mng.Kin trc v mng li v mng truy nhp ca LTE. Cc
giao thc ca mt phng iu khin v mt phng ngi s dng. Qua hiu
c hot ng ca mng LTE.
2.1. KIN TRC MNG LTE
LTE c thit k h tr cho cc dch v chuyn mch gi, i lp vi
chuyn mch knh truyn thng. N hng n cung cp cc kt ni IP gia cc
UE (User Equipment) v PDN (Packet Data Network), m khng c bt k s ngt
qung no i vi nhng ng dng ca ngi dng trong sut qu trnh di chuyn.
Trong khi thut ng LTE cp quanh s tin trin vic truy cp v tuyn thng
qua E-UTRAN (Evolved-UTRAN), n cn c kt hp cng vi cc phng
din ci tin khng v tuyn di thut ng SAE (System Architecture
Evolution)_bao gm mng li gi ci tin EPC (Evolved Packet Core). LTE cng
vi SAE to thnh h thng gi ci tin EPS (Evolved Packet System).
Hnh 2.1 cho thy cc thnh phn chnh ca mt mng li v mng truy nhp
v tuyn LTE. So snh vi UMTS, mng v tuyn t phc tp hn. Mc ch chnh
ca LTE l ti thiu ha s Node. V vy, ngi ta quyt nh rng cc RNC nn
c g b, v chc nng ca chng c chuyn mt phn sang cc trm c
s v mt phn sang nt Gateway ca mng li. phn bit vi cc trm c s
UMTS, cc trm c s ca LTE c gi l Enhanced NodeB (eNodeB). Bi v
khng cn phn t iu khin trung ng trong mng v tuyn na nn gi y
cc trm c s thc hin chc nng qun l d liu truyn ti mt cch t lp, v
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 7
bo m cht lng dch v. Tuy nhin cc RNC vn iu khin cc knh truyn

ti dnh cho dch v thoi chuyn knh.
P-GW:PDN(mng d liu gi) cng
Hnh 2.1 S chuyn i cu trc UTRAN sang E-UTRAN

Giao din v tuyn s dng trong E-UTRAN by gi ch cn l S1 v X2.
Trong S1 l giao din v tuyn kt ni gia eNodeB v mng li. S1 chia lm
hai loi l S1-U l giao din gia eNodeB v SAE GW v S1-MME l giao din
gia eNodeB v MME. X2 l giao din gia cc eNodeB vi nhau.
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 8
Hnh 2.2: Cu trc c bn ca LTE

2.1.1 Cc phn t trong mng 4G :
2.1.1.1. Thit b ngi dng UE :
UE l thit b m ngi dng u cui s dng lin lc. Thng thng n
l nhng thit b cm tay nh in thoi thng minh hoc mt th d liu nh mi
ngi vn ang s dng hin ti trong mng 2G v 3G. Hoc n c th c nhng
vo, v d mt my tnh xch tay. UE cng c cha cc moun nhn dng thu bao
ton cu( USIM). N l mt moun ring bit vi phn cn li ca UE, thng
c gi l thit b u cui (TE). USIM l mt ng dng c t vo mt th
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
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thng minh c th tho ri c gi l th mch tch hp ton cu (UICC). USIM

c s dng nhn dng v xc thc ngi s dng ly kha bo mt nhm
bo v vic truyn ti trn giao din v tuyn.
Cc chc nng ca UE l nn tng cho cc ng dng truyn thng m c tn
hiu vi mng thit lp, duy tr v loi b cc lin kt thng tin ngi dng cn.
iu ny bao gm cc chc nng qun l tnh di ng nh chuyn giao, bo co v
tr ca thit b, v cc UE phi thc hin theo hng dn ca mng. C l quan
trng nht l UE cung cp giao din ngi s dng cho ngi dng cui cc
ng dng nh VoIP c th c s dng thit lp mt cuc gi thoi.
2.1.1.2. E-UTRAN NodeB (eNodeB)
Nt duy nht trn E-UTRAN l E-UTRAN NodeB ( eNodeB). n gin t
eNB l mt trm gc v tuyn kim sot tt c cc chc nng v tuyn lin quan
trong phn c nh ca h thng. Cc trm gc nh eNB thng phn b trn ton
khu vc ph sng ca mng. Mi eNB thng c tr gn cc anten v tuyn hin
ti ca chng.
Chc nng ca eNB hot ng nh mt cu ni gia 2 lp l UE v EPC, n
l im cui ca tt c cc giao thc v tuyn v pha UE, v tip nhn d liu
gia cc kt ni v tuyn v cc kt ni IP c bn tng ng v pha EPC. Trong
vai tr ny cc EPC thc hin m ha / gii m cc d liu UP, v cng c nn /
gii nn tiu IP, trnh vic gi i lp li ging nhau hoc d liu lin tip trong
tiu IP.
eNB cng chu trch nhim v nhiu cc chc nng ca mt phng iu
khin (CP). eNB chu trch nhim v qun l ti nguyn v tuyn (RRM), tc l
kim sot vic s dng giao din v tuyn , bao gm : phn b ti nguyn da trn
yu cu, u tin v lp lch trnh lu lng theo yu cu QoS, v lin tc gim st
tnh hnh s dng ti nguyn.
Ngoi ra eNodeB cn c vai tr quan trng trong qun l tnh di ng
(MM). iu khin eNB v o c phn tch mc ca tn hiu v tuyn c
thc hin bi UE. iu ny bao gm trao i tn hiu chuyn giao gia eNB khc
v MME. Khi mt UE mi kch hot theo yu cu ca eNB v kt ni vo mng,
eNB cng chu trch nhim v vic nh tuyn, khi ny n s ngh cc MME m
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 10
trc y phc v cho UE, hoc la chn mt MME mi nu mt tuyn ng

n cc MME trc khng c sn hoc thng tin nh tuyn vng mt.
Hnh 2.3 cho thy cc kt ni vi eNB n xung quanh cc nt logic, v
tm tt cc chc nng chnh trong giao din ny. Trong tt c cc kt ni eNB c
th l trong mi quan h mt nhiu hoc nhiu nhiu. Cc eNB c th phc v
ng thi nhiu UE trong vng ph sng ca n nhng mi UE ch c kt ni
ti mt eNB trong cng mt thi im. Cc eNB s cn kt ni ti cc eNB ln cn
vi n trong khi chuyn giao c th cn thc hin.
C hai MME v S-GW c th c gp li, c ngha l mt tp hp cc nt
c phn cng phc v cho mt tp hp cc eNB. T mt vin cnh eNB n
ny c ngha l n c th cn phi kt ni ti nhiu MME v S-GW. Tuy nhin mi
UE s c phc v bi ch c mt MME v S-GW ti mt thi im v eNB phi
duy tr theo di cc lin kt ny.
S kt hp ny s khng bao gi thay i t mt im eNodeB duy nht, bi
v MME hoc S-GW ch c th thay i khi kt hp vi s chuyn giao lin
eNodeB.
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 11
Hnh 2.3 eNodeB kt ni ti cc nt logic khc v cc chc nng chnh

2.1.1.3. Thc th qun l tnh di ng (MME)
Thc th qun l tnh di ng(MME) l thnh phn iu khin chnh trong
EPC. Thng thng MME s l mt my ch mt v tr an ton ti cc c s ca
nh iu hnh. N ch hot ng trong cc CP, v khng tham gia vo con ng
ca UP d liu.
Ngoi giao din cui vo MME trong kin trc, MME cn c mt kt ni
logic trc tip ti UE, v kt ni ny c s dng nh l knh iu khin chnh
gia UE v mng. Sau y l danh sch cc chc nng chnh ca MME trong cu
hnh kin trc c bn h thng :
Xc thc v bo mt : khi mt UE ng k vo mng ln u tin, MME s
khi to s xc thc, bng cch thc hin nhng iu sau: n tm ra danh tnh
thng tr ca UE, hoc t cc mng truy nhp trc hoc chnh bn thn UE,
yu cu t b phc v thu bao thng tr (HSS) trong mng ch ca UE cc iu
khin chng thc c cha cc mnh lnh chng thc tr li cc cp tham s, gi
cc th thch vi UE v so snh cc tr li nhn c t UE vo mt trong nhng
ci nhn t mng ch. Chc nng ny l cn thit m bo cc yu cu bo
v vi UE. Cc MME c th lp li chc nng xc thc khi cn thit hoc theo chu
k. Cc chc nng ny dng bo v cc thng tin lin lc khi vic nghe trm
v t s thay i ca bn th ba tng ng tri php. bo v s ring t ca
UE, MME cng phn b cho mi UE mt m tm thi gi l m nhn dng tm
thi duy nht ton cu(GUTI), do cn phi gi m nhn dng thng tr UE
m nhn dng thu bao di ng quc t ( IMIS) qua giao din v tuyn c gim
thiu. Cc GUTI c th c cp tr li, v d nh k ngn chn theo di UE.
Qun l tnh di ng: MME theo di v tr ca tt c cc UE trong khu vc
ca mnh, khi mt UE ng k vo mng ln u tin, MME s to ra mt li vo
cho UE v tn hiu vi v tr ti HSS trong mng ch ca UE. MME yu cu ti
nguyn thch hp c thit lp trong eNodeB, cng nh trong cc S-GW m n
la chn cho UE. Cc MME sau tip tc theo di v tr ca UE hoc l da trn
mc ca eNB, nu UE vn kt ni, tc l truyn thng ang hot ng hoc
mc khu vc theo di (TA). MME iu khin cc thit lp v gii phng ngun
ti nguyn da trn nhng thay i ch hot ng ca UE. MME cng tham gia
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
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vo vic iu khin tn hiu chuyn giao ca UE trong ch hot ng gia cc

eNB, S-GW hoc MME. MME tham gia vo mi thay i ca eNB v khng c
phn t iu khin mng v tuyn ring bit nn n n hu ht cc s kin ny.
Mt UE trng thi rnh ri n s bo co v tr ca n hoc l nh k, hoc l
khi n chuyn ti mt khu vc theo di. Nu d liu nhn c t bn ngoi cho
mt UE rnh ri, MME s c thng bo, n s yu cu cc eNB trong TA
c lu gi cho UE ti v tr nh ca UE.
Qun l h s thu bao v dch v kt ni:
vo thi im mt UE ng k vo mng, cc MME s chu trch nhim ly
h s ng k ca n t mng ch v. Cc MME s lu tr thng tin ny trong
sut thi gian phc v UE. H s ny xc nh nhng g cc kt ni mng d liu
gi c phn b ti cc mng tp tin nh km. Cc MME s t ng thit lp
mc nh phn t mang, cho php cc UE kt ni IP c bn. iu ny bao gm tn
hiu CP vi eNB v S-GW. Ti bt k thi im no sau ny, cc MME c th cn
ti c tham gia vo vic thit lp phn t mang dnh ring cho cc dch v c
hng li x l cao hn. Cc MME c th nhn c cc yu cu thit lp mt
phn t mang dnh ring, hoc t cc S-GW nu yu cu bt ngun t khu vc
dch v iu hnh, hoc trc tip t UE, nu UE yu cu kt ni cho mt dch v
m khng c bit n bi khu vc dch v iu hnh, v do khng th c
bt u t .
Hnh 2.4 cho thy cc kt ni MME n quanh cc nt logic, v tm tt cc
chc nng chnh trong giao din ny. V nguyn tc MME c th c kt ni vi
bt k MME khc trong h thng, nhng thng kt ni c gii hn trong mt
nh iu hnh mng duy nht. Cc kt ni t xa gia cc MME c th c s
dng khi mt UE i xa, trong khi i ng k vi mt MME mi sau tm
kim nhn dng thng tr mi ca UE, sau ly nhn dng thng tr ca UE,
m nhn dng thu bao di ng quc t (IMIS), t MME truy cp trc . Cc kt
ni gia cc MME vi cc MME ln cn c s dng trong chuyn giao.
Kt ni ti mt s HSS cng cn c h tr, cc HSS nm trong mng ch
ca ngi dng , v mt tuyn ng c th c tm thy da trn IMIS. Mi
MME c cu hnh iu khin mt tp hp cc S-GW v eNodeB. C hai SGW v eNodeB cng c th c kt ni ti cc MME khc. Cc MME c th
phc v mt s UE cng mt lc, trong khi mi UE s ch kt ni ti mt MME ti
mt thi im.
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 13
Hnh 2.4 MME kt ni ti cc nt logic khc v cc chc nng chnh

2.1.1.4. Cng phc v ( S-GW)
Trong cu hnh kin trc c bn h thng, chc nng cao cp ca S-GW l
qun l ng hm UP v chuyn mch. S-GW l mt phn ca h tng mng n
c duy tr cc phng iu hnh trung tm ca mng.
Trong khi di chuyn gia cc eNodeB, S-GW hot ng nh nt cui di
ng a phng. MME s lnh S-GW chuyn sang ng hm t mt eNodeB
khc. MME cng c th yu cu S-GW cung cp ti nguyn ng hm cho d
liu chuyn tip khi c nhu cu cn chuyn d liu t eNodeB ngun ti eNodeB
ch trong thi im UE c chuyn giao v tuyn. Cc tnh hung di chuyn cng
bao gm s thay i t mt S-GW ti mt ci khc, v MME s iu khin s thay
i ny cho ph hp bng cch loi b cc ng hm trong S-GW c v thit lp
chng trong S-GW mi.
i vi tt c cc lung d liu thuc v mt UE trong ch kt ni th SGW s chuyn tip d liu gia eNodeB v P-GW. Tuy nhin khi mt UE ch
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 14
nhn ri th cc ngun ti nguyn ny trong eNodeB s c gii phng, cc

ng dn d liu c kt thc trong S-GW. Nu S-GW nhn c gi d liu t
P-GW th n s lu cc gi vo b m v yu cu MME bt u nhn tin ti UE.
Tin nhn s lm cho UE ti ch ti kt ni, v khi cc ng hm c ti kt
ni th cc gi tin t b m s c gi v. S-GW s theo di d liu trong cc
ng hm v n cng c th thu thp cc d liu cn thit cho vic hch ton v
tnh chi ph ca ngi dng.
Trong Hnh 2.5 cho thy S-GW c kt ni ti cc nt logic khc v danh
sch cc chc nng chnh trong cc giao din ny. Tt c cc giao din c cu
hnh theo kiu mt nhiu t S-GW c thy. Mt S-GW c th ch phc v mt
khu vc a l nht nh vi mt tp gii hn cc eNodeB, v tng t c th c
mt tp gii hn ca cc MME iu khin khu vc . S-GW c th kt ni ti bt
k P-GW no trong ton b mng li, bi v P-GW s khng thay i trong khi di
chuyn, trong khi S-GW c th c nh v li trong khi UE di chuyn. Vi cc
kt ni c lin quan ti mt UE, S-GW s lun bo hiu vi ch mt MME v cc
im UP ti mt eNodeB ti mt thi im. Nu mt UE c php kt ni ti
nhiu cc PDN thng qua cc P-GW khc nhau , th S-GW cn kt ni ti cc
thnh phn ring bit. Nu giao din S5/S8 l da trn PMIP th S-GW s kt ni
ti mt PCRF cho mi P-GW ring c UE s dng.
Hnh 2.5. Cc kt ni S-GW ti cc nt logic khc v cc chc nng chnh

SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 15
Trn hnh cng cho thy trng hp chuyn d liu gin tip ni m d liu
UP c chuyn tip gia cc eNodeB thng qua cc S-GW. Khng c tn giao
din c th lin quan n giao din gia cc S-GW, v nh dng chnh xc ging
nh trong giao din S1-U, v c th cho rng cc S-GW lin quan chng truyn
thng trc tip vi cng mt eNodeB. y s l trng hp khi chuyn tip d liu
gin tip din ra thng qua ch mt S-GW, tc l c hai eNodeB c th c kt
ni ti cng mt S-GW.
2.1.1.5. Cng mng d liu gi( P-GW)
Cng mng d liu gi (P-GW, cng thng c vit tt l PDN-GW) l
tuyn bin gia EPS v cc mng d liu gi bn ngoi. N l nt cui di ng
mc cao nht trong h thng, v n thng hot ng nh l im IP ca cc thit
b cho UE. N thc hin cc chc nng chn lu lng v lc theo yu cu bi cc
dch v c cp. Tng t nh S-GW, cc P-GW c duy tr ti cc phng
iu hnh ti mt v tr trung tm.
in hnh l P-GW cp pht cc a ch IP cho UE, v UE s dng n
giao tip vi cc my ch IP khc trong cc mng bn ngoi. ( v d nh Internet ).
N cng c th l PDN bn ngoi m UE c kt ni cp pht cc a ch l
s dng bi cc UE, cc ng hm P-GW cho tt c lu lng vo mng .
a ch IP lun c cp pht khi UE yu cu mt kt ni PDN, n s din ra t
nht l khi UE c gn vo mng, v n c th xy ra sau khi c mt kt ni PDN
mi. Cc P-GW thc hin chc nng giao thc cu hnh my ch ng (DHCP)
khi cn, hoc truy vn mt my ch DHCP bn ngoi, v cung cp a ch cho UE.
Ngoi ra t cu hnh ng c h tr bi cc tiu chun. Ch IPv4, ch IPv6 hoc
c hai, cc a ch c th c phn b ty theo nhu cu. UE c th bo hiu rng
n mun nhn a ch ngay trong tn hiu kt ni hoc nu n mun thc hin cu
hnh a ch sau khi lp lin kt c kt ni.
P-GW bao gm c PCEF, c ngha l n thc hin cc chc nng chn lu
lng v lc theo yu cu bi cc chnh sch c thit lp cho UE v cc dch v
ni n, n cng thu thp cc bo co thng tin chi ph lin quan.
Lu lng UP gia P-GW v cc mng bn ngoi di dng cc gi tin IP
thuc v cc dng dch v IP khc nhau. Nu giao din S5/S8 hng ti S-GW l
da trn GTP th P-GW thc hin nh x cc dng d liu IP ti cc ng hm
GTP, cc P-GW thit lp cc phn t mang c bn da trn yu cu qua PCRF
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 16
hoc t S-GW, m chuyn tip cc thng tin t MME. Nu giao din S5/S8 l da
trn PMIP, P-GW s nh x tt c cc lung dch v IP t cc mng bn ngoi
thuc v mt UE ti mt ng hm GRE duy nht, v tt c cc thng tin iu
khin ch c trao i vi PCRF. P-GW cng c chc nng gim st cc lung d
liu cho mc ch hoch ton cng nh cho ngn xen theo lut.
P-GW l im cui di ng mc cao nht trong h thng. Khi mt UE di
chuyn t mt S-GW ti mt ci khc, cc phn t mang phi c chuyn vo PGW. P-GW s nhn c ch dn chuyn cc lung t cc S-GW mi.
Hnh 2.6 cho thy cc kt ni P-GW n xung quanh cc nt logic, v
danh sch cc chc nng chnh trong giao din ny.
Hnh 2.6 P-GW kt ni ti cc node logic khc v cc chc nng chnh

Mi P-GW c th c kt ni ti mt hoc nhiu PCRF, S-GW v mng
bn ngoi. i vi mt UE lin kt vi P-GW th ch c duy nht mt S-GW,
nhng c cc kt ni ti nhiu cc mng bn ngoi v tng ng c nhiu cc
PCRF c th cn phi c h tr, nu c kt ni ti nhiu cc PDN c h tr
thng qua mt P-GW.
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 17
2.1.1.6. Chc nng chnh sch v tnh cc ti nguyn ( PCRF)

Chc nng chnh sch v tnh cc ti nguyn(PCRF) l phn t mng chu
trch nhim v chnh sch v iu khin tnh cc ( PCC). N to ra cc quyt
nh v cch x l cc dch v v QoS, v cung cp thng tin cho PCEF c t
trong P-GW, v nu c p dng cho c BBERF c t trong S-GW, cho
vic thit lp cc phn t mang thch hp v vic lp chnh sch. PCRF l mt my
ch v thng c t vi cc phn t CN khc ti cc trung tm iu hnh
chuyn mch.
Cc thng tin PCRF cung cp cho PCEF c gi l cc quy tc PCC. PCRF
s gi cc quy tc PCC bt c khi no mt phn t mang mi c thit lp. Thit
lp phn t mang l cn thit, v d khi UE bc u c gn vo mng v phn
t mang mc nh s c thit lp, v sau khi c mt hoc nhiu cc phn t
mang dnh ring c thit lp. PCRF c kh nng cung cp cc quy tc PCC da
trn yu cu, hoc t P-GW v cng nh S-GW trong tng hp PMIP, ging nh
trong trng hp kt ni, v cng da trn yu cu t chc nng ng dng(AF)
nm trong cc dch v tn min. V d, vi IMS v AF s thc y dch v QoS
thng tin ti PCRF, t to ra mt quyt nh PCC v n s y cc quy tc PCC
n P-GW, v mang thng tin nh x ti S-GW trong trng hp S5/S8 l PMIP.
Cc phn t mang EPC sau s c thit lp da trn nhng iu .
Hnh 2.7 PCRF kt ni ti cc nt logic khc & cc chc nng chnh
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 18
Cc kt ni gia PCRF v cc nt khc c th hin nh trong Hnh 2.7,

mi PCRF c th c kt ni vi mt hoc nhiu AF, P-GW v S-GW. Ch c
mt PCRF lin kt vi mi kt ni PDN l mt UE duy nht c.
2.1.1.7. My ch thu bao thng tr (HSS)
My ch thu bao thng tr (HSS) l kho d liu thu bao cho tt c d
liu ngi dng thng xuyn. N cng ghi li v tr ca ngi s dng mc
ca nt iu khin mng tm tr, chng hn nh MME. N l mt my ch c s
d liu v c duy tr ti cc phng trung tm ca nh iu hnh.
HSS lu tr bn gc ca h s thu bao, trong cha cc thng tin v cc
dch v c p dng i vi ngi s dng, bao gm thng tin v cc kt ni
PDN c cho php, v liu c chuyn ti mt mng tm tr ring c hay
khng. HSS cng lu nhng nhn dng ca cc P-GW c s dng. Kha thng
trc c s dng tnh ton xc thc v c gi ti mng tm tr xc thc
ngi dng v cc kha pht sinh tip sau m ha v bo v tnh ton vn l
c lu tr ti cc trung tm xc thc(AUC), thng l mt phn ca HSS. Trong
tt c cc tn hiu lin quan ti cc chc nng ny th HSS phi tng tc vi
MME. Cc HSS s cn phi c kh nng kt ni vi mi MME trong ton b h
mng li, ni m cc UE ca n c php di chuyn. i vi mi UE, cc h s
HSS s ch ti mt MME phc v ti mt thi im, v ngay sau l bo co v
mt MME mi m n phc v cho UE, HSS s hy b v tr ca MME trc.
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 19
CHNG 3:
TRUY CP V TUYN TRONG LTE
i vi vic truyn d liu qua giao tip v tuyn, ngi ta quyt nh
dng mt phng thc truyn mi trong LTE, phng thc ny hon ton khc
bit vi gii php CDMA ca UMTS. Thay v dng mt knh truyn ti qua mt
di tn rng, ngi ta quyt nh dng mt phng thc truyn gi l
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (a Truy cp Phn Tn Trc
giao), vit tt l OFDMA. Bi v nhiu bit c vn chuyn song song vi nhau,
nn tc truyn trn mi knh truyn ti con c th thp hn nhiu so vi tc
truyn d liu tng cng, nhm gim thiu nh hng ca vic suy gim a ng
dn (multipath fading) do thi im n ni khc bit i cht ca tn hiu t cc
hng khc nhau. L do th hai gii php ny c chn l, tc dng ca suy
hao a ng dn v s phn tn tr s tr nn c lp vi lng di tn c
dng cho knh.
i vi vic truyn d liu hng ln, 3GPP chn mt phng thc
iu ch hi khc mt cht. Vic truyn OFDMA phi chu mt PAPR (Peak to
Average Power Ratio _ t l cng sut nh so vi trung bnh) cao, iu ny c th
dn n nhng h qu tiu cc i vi vic thit k mt b pht sng nhng trong
UE. Do , 3GPP chn phng thc SC-FDMA cho hng ln vi PAPR thp
3.1. TRUYN D LIU HNG XUNG:
H thng truyn dn ng xung ca LTE da trn cng ngh OFDM. Nh
bit th OFDM l mt h thng truyn dn ng xung hp dn vi nhiu l do
khc nhau. V thi gian k t OFDM tng i di trong vic kt hp vi mt tin
t chu trnh, nn OFDM cung cp mnh chng li s la chn tn s knh
(channel frequency selectivity). Mc d trn l thuyt th vic sai lch tn hiu do
knh truyn chn lc tn s c th c kim sot bng k thut cn bng ti pha
thu, s phc tp ca k thut cn bng bt u tr nn km hp dn trong vic trin
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 20
khai i vi nhng thit b u cui di ng ti bng thng trn 5 MHz.V vy m

OFDM vi kh nng vn c trong vic chng li fading la chn tn s (Bng cch
chia knh thng tin ra thnh nhiu knh con fading phng bng hp, cc h thng
OFDM chu ng fading la chn tn s tt hn nhng h thng sng mang n)
s tr thnh s la chn hp dn cho ng xung, c bit khi c kt hp vi
ghp knh khng gian (spatial multiplexing).
3.1.1. Nguyn tc a truy nhp ng xung OFDMA:
K hoch truyn dn ng xung cho E-UTRAN ch FDD v TDD l
c da trn OFDM truyn thng .OFDM cng c s dng trong WLAN,
WIMAX v cc cng ngh truyn qung b nh DVB. OFDM c mt s li ch
nh bn ca n vi phaing a ng v kin trc thu nhn hiu qu ca n.
Ngoi ra OFDM cn c mt s li ch khc nh:
OFDM d dng h tr cho vic phn b bng thng mt cch linhhot, bng
cch bin i bng tn c s thnh cc sng mang con truyn i, mi
sng mang con c iu chW c lp bi mt dng d liu tc thp.
H tr truyn dn broadcast/multicast, khi m nhng thng tin ging nhau
c truyn i t nhiu trm gc
Mt s c im c bn ca OFDM:
S dng mt lng tng i ln cc sng mang con bng hp. Truyn
OFDM s dng vi trm sng mang con c truyn trn mt lin kt v
tuyn n cng mt my thu.
Dng xung n gin nh trong hnh 3.1a . iu ny p ng ph dng sa
mi sng mang , nh minh ha trong hnh 3.1 b.
Nhng sng mang con c sp xp cht ch trn min tn s vi khong
cch gia cc sng mang con f=1/Tu (hnh 3.2), vi TU l thi gian iu
ch symbol trn mi sng mang con. Khong cch sng mang bng tc
iu ch trn mi sng mang con.
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 21
(b)
Hnh 3.1: Dng xung v ph ca mi sng mang cho truyn OFDM c bn
Cc Sng Mang Con Trc Giao
Hnh 3.2: Khong cch gia cc sng mang con OFDM

3.1.2. K thut truy cp phn chia theo tn s trc giao OFDM [1]
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 22
bits
Hnh 3.3. Truyn n sng mang
bits
Hnh 3.4. Nguyn l ca FDMA

SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 23
Tn s
Hnh 3.5. Nguyn l a sng mang

K thut iu ch OFDM, v c bn, l mt trng hp c bit ca
phngphp iu ch FDM, chia lung d liu thnh nhiu ng truyn bng hp
trong vng tn s s dng, trong cc sng mang con (hay sng mang ph, subcarrier) trc giao vi nhau. Do vy, ph tn hiu ca cc sng mang ph ny c
php chng ln ln nhau m pha u thu vn khi phc li c tn hiu ban u.
S chng ln ph tn hiu ny lm cho h thng OFDM c hiu sut s dng ph
lnhn nhiu so vi cc k thut iu ch thng thng.
Trong min thi gian, mt khong bo v c th c thm vo mi k hiu
chng li nhiu lin k hiu OFDM do knh lan truyn tr. Trong E-UTRAN,
cc khong bo v l mt tin t vng m c chn vo trc mi k hiu
OFDM. Trong thc t, tn hiu OFDM c th c to ra bng cch s dng IFFT
( bin i Fourier nhanh nghch o ). IFFT chuyn i s lng N cc k hiu d
liu phc c s dng nh cc phu bin i tn hiu min tn s sang tn hiu
min thi gian. N im IFFT c minh ha nh trong hnh 3.6, ni m c
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 24
a(mN+n) tham chiu ti k hiu d liu iu ch sng mang con th n, trong

khong thi gian mTu < t <= (m+1)Tu.
Min thi gian
Hnh 3.6. To ra k hiu OFDM c s dng gi IFFT

Vector Sm c xc nh l k hiu OFDM c ch. N l s chng cht v
mt thi gian ca N cc sng mang con c iu ch bng hp. V vy, t mt
dng song song ca N ngun d liu, mi ngun c iu ch mt cch c lp,
mt dng sng bao gm N cc sng mang con trc giao c hnh thnh. Hnh 3.6
minh ha s nh x t mt lung ni tip cc k hiu QAM n N cc lung song
song, s dng nh l phiu min tn s cho IFFT. N im cc khi min thi gian
thu c t IFFT sau c xp theo th t to ra mt tn hiu min thi gian.
iu ny khng c biu din trong hnh 3.6, n l mt qu trnh chn vo tin t
vng.
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 25
Hnh 3.7. So snh ph tn ca OFDM vi FDMA
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 26
Hnh 3.8. Tn s-thi gian ca tn hiu OFDM
LTE s dng OFDM trong k thut truy cp ng xung v n c cc

u im sau:
- OFDM c th loi b hin tng nhiu xuyn k hiu ISI (Inter-Symbol
Interference) nu di chui bo v (guard interval) ln hn tr truyn dn ln
nht ca knh truyn.
- Thc hin vic chuyn i chui d liu t ni tip sang song song nn
thi gian symbol tng ln do s phn tn theo thi gian gy bi tri tr do
truyn dn a ng gim xung.
- Ti u hiu qu ph tn do cho php chng ph gia cc sng mang con.
Hn ch c nh hng ca fading bng cch chia knh fading chn lc tn s
thnh cc knh con phng tng ng vi cc tn s sng mang OFDM khc nhau.
- OFDM ph hp cho vic thit k h thng truyn dn bng rng (h thng
c tc truyn dn cao), nh hng ca s phn tp v tn s (frequency
selectivity) i vi cht lng h thng c gim thiu nhiu so vi h thng
truyn dn n sng mang.
- Cu trc my thu n gin.
- Thch ng ng truyn v lp biu trong min tn s.
- Tng thch vi cc b thu v cc anten tin tin.
Mt vn gp phi OFDM trong cc h thng thng tin di ng l cn
dch cc tn s tham kho i vi cc u cui pht ng thi. Dch tn ph hng
tnh trc giao ca cc cuc truyn dn n nhiu a truy nhp. V vy n rt nhy
cm vi dch tn. LTE chn khong cch gia cc sng mang l 15KHz, i vi
khong cch ny l khong cch ln i vi dch tn Doppler.
V nguyn tc trong mi h thng OFDMA l s dng bng hp, cc sng
mang con trc giao vi nhau. Trong LTE khong cch sng mang con l 15kHz bt
k bng thng h thng l bao nhiu. Cc sng mang con khc nhau l trc giao
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 27
vi nhau. My pht ca mt h thng OFDMA s dng khi IFFT to ra tn

hiu. D liu ngun c cung cp ti b chuyn i ni tip- song song v sau
tip tc vo khi IFFT. Mi u vo ca khi IFFT tng ng l biu din u vo
cho mt sng mang con ring (hoc thnh phn tn s c th ca tn hiu min thi
gian )v c th c iu ch c lp vi cc sng mang con khc. Tip sau khi
IFFT l c thm vo tin t vng m rng, nh th hin trong hnh 3.9
MY
THU
Hnh 3.9. Pht v thu OFDMA

Mc ch ca vic thm tin t vng m rng l trnh c nhiu lin k
t. khi my pht thm vo mt tin t vng m rng di hn so vi p ng xung
knh th s nh hng ca k hiu trc y c th c loi b bng cch b qua
( g b ) tin t vng m rng pha thu. Mt s in hnh ca gii php thu l
cn bng min tn s, trong v c bn l s tc ng tr li knh vi mi sng
mang con. B cn bng min tn s trong OFDMA ch n gin l nhn mi sng
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 28
mang con( vi php nhn gi tr phc tp ) da trn p ng tn s knh c

tnh ( iu chnh bin v pha ca mi sng mang con bit ) ca knh.
iu ch tn hiu OFDM s dng bin i FFT v IFFT cho bin i gia

min thi gian v min tn s.
Min tn s
Hnh 3.10. Bin i FFT
Mc ch ca vic chn thm tin t vng l c kh nng lm gim hay loi

tr nhiu xuyn k hiu ISI (Inter Symbol Interference). Mt mu tn hiu c di
l TS, chui bo v tng ng l mt chui tn hiu c di TG pha sau c
sao chp ln phn pha trc ca mu tn hiu nh hnh v sau:
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 29
K hiu th N+1
Hnh 3.11. Chui bo v GI

Do , GI cn c gi l Cyclic Prefix (CP). S sao chp ny c tc dng
chng li nhiu xuyn k hiu ISI do hiu ng phn tp a ng.
Nguyn tc ny gii thch nh sau: Gi s my pht i mt khong tn hiu
c chiu di l Ts, sau khi chn thm chui bo v c chiu di TG th tn hiu ny
c chiu di l T = TS+TG. Do hiu ng a ng multipath, tn hiu ny s ti
my thu theo nhiu ng khc nhau.
Trong hnh v, hnh a, tn hiu theo ng th nht khng c tr, cc ng
th hai v th ba u b tr mt khong thi gian so vi ng th nht. Tn hiu
thu c my thu s l tng hp ca tt c cc tuyn, cho thy k hiu ng trc
s chng ln vo k hiu ngay sau , y chnh l hin tng ISI.Do trong OFDM
c s dng chui bo v c di TG s d dng loi b hin tng ny. Trong
trng hp TG MAX nh hnh v m t th phn b chng ln ISI nm trong
khong ca chui bo v, cn thnh phn tn hiu c ch vn an ton. pha my
thu s loi b chui bo v trc khi gi tn hiu n b gii iu ch OFDM. Do
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 30
, iu kin cn thit cho h thng OFDM khng b nh hng bi ISI l: TG

MAX vi MAX l tr truyn dn ti a ca knh.
TN HIU NHN C
Hnh a. khng c GI
TN HIU NHN C
Hnh b. c GI
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 31
OFDM lng t ha trong min tn s da trn c lng p ng tn s

ca knh. Do n hot ng n gin hn WCDMA v n khng ph thuc vo
chiu di ca knh (chiu di ca a ng trong cc chip) nh khi lng t
WCDMA. Trong WCDMA cc cell khc nhau c phn bit bi cc m tri ph
khc nhau nhng trong OFDM tri ph khng c gi tr, n s dng cc k hiu
tham kho ring bit gia cc cell hoc gia cc anten khc nhau.
LTE s dng OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)
cho tuyn ln. OFDMA gi l a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s trc giao l cng
ngh a truy cp phn chia theo sng mang, l mt dng nng cao, l phin bn a
ngi dng ca m hnh iu ch s OFDM.
K thut a truy nhp ca OFDMA cho php nhiu ngi dng cng truy
cp vo mt knh truyn bng cch phn chia mt nhm cc sng mang con
(subcarrier) cho mt ngi dng ti mt thi im. cc thi im khc nhau,
nhm sng mang con cho 1 ngi dng cng khc nhau. iu ny cho php truyn
d liu tc thp t nhiu ngi s dng.
BNG TN BO V
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 32
Hnh 3.12. Sng mang con OFDMA
User 3
Hnh 3.13. OFDM v OFDMA

Ti nguyn thi gian - tn s c chia nh theo cu trc sau : 1 radio frame
c chiu di l 10ms, trong chia thnh nhiu subframe nh c chiu di l 1ms,
v mi subframe nh li c chia thnh 2 slot vi chiu di ca mi slot l 0.5ms.
Mi slot s bao gm 7 k t OFDM trong trng hp chiu di CP thng thng
v 6 k t OFDM trong trng hp CP m rng.
Trong OFDMA, vic ch nh s sng mang con cho ngi dng khng da
vo tng sng mang con ring l m da vo cc khi ti nguyn (Resource
Block). Mi khi ti nguyn bao gm 12 sng mang con cho khong thi gian 1
slot v khong cch gia cc sng mang con l 15KHz dn n kt qu bng thng
ti thiu ca n l 180 KHz. n v nh nht ca ti nguyn l thnh phn ti
nguyn (RE), n bao gm mt sng mang con i vi khong thi gian ca mt k
t OFDM. Mt RB bao gm 84 RE (tc 7 x12) trong trng hp chiu di CP
thng thng v 72 RE (6x12) trong trng hp chiu di CP m rng.
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 33
TNG
BNG
THNG
H
THNG
Hnh 3.14. Ch nh ti nguyn ca OFDMA trong LTE
100
Hnh 3.15. S khi ti nguyn theo bng thng knh truyn
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 34
Hnh 3.16 cho thy mt v d cho vic cp pht d liu ngi dng hng
xung cho nhng ngi s dng khc nhau ( gi s c 6 UE ). D liu ngi dng
c mang trn knh chia s ng xung vt l ( PDSCH).
UE 3
Hnh 3.16. Ghp knh thi gian-tn s OFDMA
Cc tham s ca OFDMA:
Cu trc khung: c 2 loi cu trc khung cu trc loi 1 cho ch FDD,
cu trc loi 2 cho ch TDD.
i vi kiu cu trc khung loi 1, khung v tuyn 10ms c chia thnh 20
khe c kch thc nh nhau l 0,5ms. Mt khung con bao gm c 2 khe lin tip,
nn mt khung v tuyn cha 10 khung con. iu ny c minh ha nh trong
hnh 3.7( Ts l th hin ca n v thi gian c bn tng ng vi 30,72MHz).
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 35
1 KHUNG V TUYN = 10ms
Hnh 3.17. Cu trc khung loi 1

i vi cu trc khung loi 2, khung v tuyn 10ms bao gm hai na-khung
vi mi na chiu di 5ms. Mi na-khung c chia thnh 5 khung con vi mi
khung con 1ms, nh c th hin trong hnh 3.8. Cc khung con c bit bao gm
c ba trng l DwPTS ( khe thi gian dn hng ng xung ), GP (khong bo
v) v UpPTS ( khe thi gian dn hng ng ln ). Cc trng ny c bit
n t TD-SCDMA v c duy tr trong LTE TDD. DwPTS, GP v UpPTS c
chiu di cu hnh ring v chiu di tng cng l 1ms.
1 khung v tuyn, Tf = 10ms
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 36
Hnh 3.18.cu trc khung loi 2
1 khung v tuyn = 10ms
Hnh 3.19. cu trc ca 1 khi ti nguyn

Tn hiu tham kho (RS) : LTE s dng cc tn hiu tham kho c bit
d dng c lng dch sng mang, c lng knh truyn, ng b thi
gianCc tn hiu tham kho c b tr nh hnh sau:
12
SNG
MANG
CON
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 37
Hnh 3.20: Cu trc b tr tn hiu tham kho

Cc tn hiu tham kho ny c pht k t OFDM th nht v th nm
ca mi slot v sng mang th su ca mi subframe. Tn hiu tham kho cng
c s dng c lng tn hao ng truyn s dng cng sut thu tn hiu
tham kho (RSRP).
3.1.3 Nhc im ca OFDM l g? Ta xt cc hnh sau:

M I N TN S
U RA /C QAM
Hnh 3.21. c tnh ng bao ca tn hiu OFDM
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 38
ng cong u ra KCS
Hnh 3.22. PAPR cho cc tn hiu khc nhau

T cc hnh trn ta thy, dng sng OFDM th hin s thng ging ng
bao rt ln dn n PAPR cao. Tn hiu vi PAPR cao i hi cc b khuch i
cng sut c tnh tuyn tnh cao trnh lm mo dng tn hiu. t c mc
tuyn tnh ny, b khuch i phi lm vic ch cng tc vi li (so vi
im bo ha cao). iu ny dn n hiu sut s dng cng sut (t s cng sut
pht vi cng sut tiu th mt chiu) thp v th c bit nh hng i vi cc
thit b cm tay. khc phc nhc im ny, 3GPP nghin cu s dng
phng php a truy nhp ng ln s dng DTFS-OFDM vi tn gi l
SCFDMA v p dng cho LTE.
3.2. TRUYN D LIU HNG LN.
Vic truyn OFDMA phi chu mt t l cng sut nh-n-trung bnh
(PAPR) cao, iu ny c th dn n nhng h qu tiu cc i vi vic thit k
mt b pht sng nhng trong UE. l, khi truyn d liu t UE n mng, cn
c mt b khuch i cng sut nng tn hiu n ln mt mc cao mng
thu c. B khuch i cng sut l mt trong nhng thnh phn tiu th nng
lng ln nht trong mt thit b, v v th nn hiu qu cng sut cng cao cng
tt lm tng tui th pin ca my. 3GPP tm mt phng n truyn dn khc
cho hng ln LTE. SC-FDMA c chn bi v n kt hp cc k thut vi
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 39
PAPR thp ca cc h thng truyn dn n sng mang, nh GSM v CDMA, vi

kh nng chng c a ng v cp pht tn s linh hot ca OFDMA.
3.2.1. SC-FDMA.
Hng UL ca ch FDD v TDD s s dng k thut a truy nhp phn chia tn
s sng mang n SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access)
theo chu k. Cc tn hiu SC-FDMA c tn hiu PARP tt hn OFDMA. y l mt
trong nhng l do chnh chn SC-FDMA cho LTE. PARP gip mang li hiu
qu cao trong vic thit k cc b khuch i cng sut UE, v vic x l tn hiu
ca SC-FDMA vn c mt s im tng ng vi OFDMA, do , tham s
hng DL v UL c th cn i vi nhau. Tn hiu SC-FDMA c to ra bng k
thut tri ph DFT-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM).
constellation: : chm im iu ch
Hnh 3.23. S khi DFT-s-OFDM
Vi DFT-S-OFDM, mt DFT kch thc M trc tin c p dng ti mt

khi cc k hiu iu ch M. QPSK,16QAM v 64QAM c s dng nh l cc
phng n iu ch ng ln E-UTRAN, sau ny c ty chn cho UE. DFT
bin i cc k hiu iu ch vo min tn s. Kt qu c nh x vo cc sng
mang con c sn. Trong ng ln E-UTRAN, ch c truyn dn tp trung trn cc
sng mang con lin tip l c cho php. N im IFFT ni m N->M sau c
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 40
thc hin nh trong OFDM, tip l thm tin t vng v chuyn i song song
thnh ni tip.
S x l DFT l s khc bit c bn gia vic to tn hiu SC-FDMA v
OFDMA. iu ny c th hin bng thut ng DFT-tri-OFDM. Trong mt
tn hiu SC-FDMA, mi sng mang con c s dng cho vic truyn dn thng
tin bao gm tt c cc k hiu iu ch c truyn, k t khi dng d liu u vo
c lan truyn bi s bin i DFT qua cc sng mang con sn c. Tri ngc
vi iu ny, mi sng mang con trong mt tn hiu OFDMA ch mang thng tin
lin quan ti cc k hiu iu ch c th.
3.2.2. Cc tham s ca SC-FDMA:

Cu trc khung: cng tng t nh ng xung gm c 2 loi khung ,
khung loi 1 dnh cho FDD, khung loi 2 dnh cho TDD. Mi khe mang 7 k hiu
SC-FDMA trong trng hp cu hnh tin t vng thng thng, v 6 k hiu SCFDMA trong trng hp cu hnh tin t vng m rng. K hiu SC-FDMA s 3
( k hiu th 4 trong mt khe ) mang tn hiu chun cho vic gii iu ch knh.
Ti nguyn vt l ng ln:
Cc thng s c bn ca truyn dn ng ln LTE c la chn cn
chnh, cng nhiu cng tt, vi cc thng s tng ng ca ng xung LTE da
trn OFDM. Do , khong cch sng mang con DFT-s-OFDM ng ln tng
ng vi f=15 KHz v cc khi ti nguyn bao gm 12 sng mang con cng
c xc nh cho ng ln.
Cng v mt kin trc min thi gian c lm chi tit hn, ng ln LTE
rt ging vi ng xung, nh c th c nhn thy trong hnh 3.23. Mi khung
con ng ln 1ms bao gm hai khe c di bng nhau Tslot =0.5 ms. Mi khe
sau bao gm mt s lng cc khi DFT km theo c tin t tun hon (Cyclic
Prefix - CP). Cng tng t ng xung, hai di tin t tun hon c nh
ngha cho ng ln, tin t tun hon thng thng v tin t tun hon m rng.
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 41
TS th hin ca n v thi gian c bn tng ng vi fS

= 30,72 MHz
Hnh 3.23.a. Khung con ng ln LTE v cu trc khe ( cp bnh thng )
Hnh 3.23.b. Khung con ng ln LTE v cu trc khe ( cp m rng )

Mt khung con bao gm hai khe kch thc bng nhau. Mi khe bao gm 6
hoc 7 khi DFTS-OFDM trong trng hp tng ng vi tin t chu trnh bnh
thng v m rng
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 42
1
KHUNG CON
(1ms)
Hnh 3.24. Cp pht ti nguyn ng ln LTE

Ngc vi ng xung, cc khi ti nguyn ng ln c n nh n
mt u cui di ng phi lun lun c lin tip nhau trong min tn s, nh
c minh ho trong hnh 3.24. Ch rng, tng t nh ng xung, khi ti
nguyn ng ln c nh ngha nh 12 sng mang con DFT-s-OFDM trong
sut mt khe 0.5 ms. Ti cng mt thi im, lp k hoch ng ln c thc
hin trn c s mt khung con 1 ms. Do , tng t nh ng xung, n nh ti
nguyn ng ln c thc hin di dng cc cp khi ti nguyn lin tc trong
min thi gian.
3.2.3. Truyn dn d liu hng ln:
Lp k hoch ngun ti nguyn hng ln c thc hin bi eNodeB.
eNodeB s cp cc ti nguyn thi gian/tn s nht nh cho cc UE v cc UE
thng bo v cc dng truyn ti m n s dng. Cc quyt nh lp lch biu c
th da trn cc thng s QoS, tnh trng b nh m ca UE, cc thng s cht
lng knh ng ln, kh nng ca UE, cc o c khong cch ca UE, v.v.
Vic pht tn hiu trong min tn s c th hin nh trong hnh 3.25. B
sung thm cho OFDMA thuc tnh ca dng sng ph tt hn tri ngc vi vic
pht tn hiu trong min thi gian vi mt b iu ch QAM thng thng. Do
nhu cu v bng tn bo v gia cc ngi dng khc nhau l c th trnh c,
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 43
tng t nh nguyn l ng xung ca OFDMA. Nh trong h thng OFDMA,

mt tin t vng cng c thm vo theo nh k, nhng khng phi sau mi k
hiu nh l tc k hiu l nhanh hn trong min thi gian so vi trong
OFDMA, cho vic truyn d liu c th ngn nga c nhiu lin k t v
n gin ha vic thit k my thu. My thu vn cn phi i ph vi nhiu lin k
t nh l tin t vng by gi s ngn cn nhiu lin k t gia mt khi cc k
hiu, do s vn cn nhiu lin k t gia cc tin t vng. Do my thu s
chy b cn bng cho mt khi cc k hiu cho n khi t c tin t vng m
ngn chn s lan truyn nhiu lin k t sau .
TNG BNG THNG V TUYN
Hnh 3.25. Thu pht SC-FDMA trong min tn s

So snh OFDMA& SC-FDMA
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 44
ft
Hnh 3.26. OFDMA v SC-FDMA

Bn tri hnh 3.26, M cc sng mang con 15kHz lin k c t vo a
im mong mun trong bng thng knh v mi sng mang con c iu ch vi
chu k k hiu OFDMA l 66,7s bi mt k hiu d liu QPSK.
Trong v d ny, bn sng mang con, bn k hiu c a ra song song.
y l cc k hiu d liu QPSK do ch c pha ca mi sng mang con l c
iu ch v cng sut ca sng mang con vn gi khng i gia cc k hiu. Sau
mt chu k k hiu OFDMA tri qua, cc CP c chn vo v bn k hiu tip
theo c truyn i song song. cho hnh nh nhn c r rng nn cc CP
c hin th nh mt khong trng, tuy nhin, n thc s c lp y vi mt
bn sao ca s kt thc ca k hiu tip theo, c ngha l cng sut truyn dn l
lin tc nhng c mt s gin on pha bin ca k hiu. to ra tn hiu
truyn i, mt IFFT c thc hin trn mi sng mang con to ra M tn hiu
min thi gian. Chng ln lut l vect tng hp to ra dng sng min thi
gian cui cng c s dng truyn dn.
S to thnh tn hiu SC-FDMA c bt u vi mt qui trnh ng trc
c bit ri sau n cng tip tc mt cch tng t nh OFDMA. Tuy nhin
trc ht ta s xem hnh bn phi ca hnh 3.26. S khc bit r rng nht l
OFDMA truyn bn k hiu d liu QPSK song song trn mi sng mang con,
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 45
trong khi SC-FDMA truyn bn k hiu d liu QPSK trong lot bn ln , vi mi

k hiu d liu chim M 15kHz bng thng.
Nhn mt cch trc quan, tn hiu OFDMA r rng l a sng mang vi mt
k hiu d liu trn mi sng mang con, nhng tn hiu SC-FDMA xut hin nhiu
hn mt sng mang n ( v th m c SC trong tn SC-FDMA ) vi mi k
hiu d liu c biu din bng mt lot tn hiu. Lu rng chiu di k hiu
OFDMA & SC-FDMA l nh nhau vi 66,7s, tuy nhin, k hiu SC-FDMA c
cha M cc k hiu con m biu din cho d liu iu ch. l vic truyn ti
song song ca nhiu cc k hiu to ra PAPR cao khng mong mun vi OFDMA.
Bng cch truyn M cc k hiu d liu trong dy vo M thi im, SC-FDMA
chim bng thng cng nh a sng mang OFDMA nhng ch yu l PAPR tng
t nh c s dng cho cc k hiu d liu gc. Thm vo cng nhau nhiu dng
sng QPSK bng hp trong OFDMA s lun to ra cc nh cao hn c th thy
trong bng thng rng hn, dng sng QPSK n sng mang SC-FDMA.
3.3.MIMO
MIMO l mt k thut i mi quan trng ca LTE, c s dng ci
thin hiu sut ca h thng. K thut cho php LTE ci thin hn v dung lng
v hiu qu s dng ph. Mc d, s dng MIMO lm cho h thng phc tp hn
v qu trnh x l tn hiu v yu cu s lng anten, nhng n c th tng tc
d liu ln mc cao, cho php hiu qu s dng ph tn. MIMO l mt k thut
khng th thiu ca LTE.
Chun LTE ch nh hai v bn cuc truyn ring bit trn cng mt bng
tn, tc i hi phi c hai hoc bn ng-ten tng ng c my pht ln my thu.
H qu l, nhng cuc truyn nh vy c gi l 2x2 MIMO v 4x4 MIMO.
Trong thc t, 2x2 MIMO nhiu kh nng s c dng trc, do bi nhng rng
buc v kch c ca cc UE v do s kin l cc ng-ten phi c t cch nhau t
nht mt na bc sng.
Bi v cc knh MIMO phn bit vi nhau, nn 2x2 MIMO c th lm tng
tc truyn tng th ln hai ln, cn 4x4 MIMO th tng ln bn ln. Tuy nhin
iu ny ch c th t c trong nhng iu kin tn hiu l tng. V vy,
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 46
MIMO ch c dng cho cc cuc truyn hng xung trong LTE, bi v b pht
sng ca trm c s t b rng buc v cng sut hn b pht sng hng ln.
Trong nhng iu kin truyn t thun li hn, h thng t ng quay tr li kiu
truyn mt dng d liu duy nht v cng gim lun cp iu ch t 64-QAM
xung 16- QAM hay thm ch QPSK.
Gii hn chnh ca knh truyn thng tin l can nhiu a ng gii hn v
dung lng theo quy lut Shannon. MIMO li dng tn hiu a ng gia my
pht v my thu ci thin dung lng c sn cho bi knh truyn. Bng cch s
dng nhiu anten bn pht v thu vi vic x l tn hiu s, k thut MIMO c
th to ra cc dng d liu trn cng mt knh truyn, t lm tng dung lng
knh truyn.
3.3.1. Cc ch truy cp ca MIMO:
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 47
MIMO
Hnh 3.27. Cc ch truy cp ca MIMO

3.3.1.1. n u vo n u ra (SISO)
Ch truy nhp knh v tuyn n gin nht l n u vo n u ra
(SISO), trong ch c mt ng ten pht v mt ng ten thu c s dng. y l
hnh thc truyn thng mc nh k t khi truyn v tuyn bt u v n l c s
da vo tt c cc k thut a ng ten c so snh.
3.3.1.2. n u vo a u ra (SIMO)
Mt ch th hai th hin trong hnh 3.27 l n u vo a u ra
(SIMO), trong s dng mt my pht v hai hoc nhiu hn my thu. SIMO
thng c gi l phn tp thu. Ch truy nhp knh v tuyn ny c bit
thch hp cho cc iu kin tn hiu-nhiu(SNR) thp. Trong c mt li l
thuyt c th t c l 3dB khi hai my thu c s dng, khng c thay i v
tc d liu khi ch c mt dng d liu c truyn, nhng vng ph sng
bin c ci thin do s gim ca SNR s dng c.
3.3.1.3. a u vo n u ra (MISO)
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 48
Ch a u vo n u ra (MISO) s dng s my pht l hai hoc

nhiu hn v mt my thu( hnh 3.27 cho thy ch c 2 my pht v mt my thu
cho n gin ). MISO thng c gi l phn tp pht. Cng mt d liu c
gi trn c hai ng ten pht nhng vi ch m ha nh vy m my thu ch c
th nhn bit tng my pht. MISO khng lm tng tc d liu, nhng n h tr
cc tc d liu tng t nhau bng cch s dng t nng lng hn. Phn tp
pht c th c tng cng vi phn hi vng ng t my thu ch ra s truyn
cn bng ti u ca pha v cng sut c s dng cho mi ng ten pht.
3.3.1.4. a u vo a u ra (MIMO)
Phng thc truyn cui cng c th hin trong hnh 3.27 l truyn y
MIMO, n yu cu hai hoc nhiu my pht v hai hoc nhiu my thu.
MIMO lm tng cng sut ph bng cch pht nhiu lung d liu cng mt
lc trong cng mt tn s v thi gian, tn dng y cc li th ca cc ng
dn khc nhau trong knh v tuyn. i vi mt h thng c m t nh MIMO,
n phi c t nht l nhiu my thu vi nhiu lung pht. S lng cc lung pht
khng c nhm ln vi s lng cc ng ten pht. N lun c th c s my pht
nhiu hn s lung d liu.
Xuyn knh
Gii nh x
Hnh 3.28. MIMO 2x2
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 49
Mt yu t quan trng cho hot ng MIMO l vic truyn t mi ng ten

phi c nhn dng duy nht mi my thu c th xc nh c ci g kt hp
trong vic truyn m n nhn c. Vic nhn dng ny thng c thc hin
vi cc tn hiu ch o, trong s dng cc mu trc giao cho mi ng ten. S
phn tp khng gian ca knh v tuyn ngha l MIMO c kh nng lm tng tc
d liu. Hnh thc c bn nht ca MIMO l gn mt dng d liu cho mi
ng ten v c th hin nh trong hnh 3.28. Trong dng ny, mt lung d liu
duy nht c gn cho mt ng ten v c bit n nh nh x trc tip. Knh
ny sau c trn ln nh l s truyn c hai vi bn nhn, mi ng ten s nhn
thy mt s kt hp ca mi lung. Gii m cc tn hiu nhn c l mt qu
trnh kho lo bn nhn, bi vic phn tch cc mu nhn dng duy nht mi
my pht xc nh xem kt hp ci g ca mi lung truyn hin ti. Vic p
dng mt b lc nghch o v tng hp cc lung nhn c ti to li d liu
gc.
MU-MIMO
Hnh 3.29. M hnh SU-MIMO v MU-MIMO
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 50
Hnh trn l v d v SU-MIMO 2x2 v MU-MIMO 2x2. SU-MIMO y

hai dng d liu trn vi nhau (m ha) ph hp vi knh truyn nht. 2x2
SUMIMO thng dng trong tuyn xung. Trong trng hp ny dung lng cell
tng v tc d liu tng. MU-MIMO 2x2 y dng d liu MIMO a ngi
dung n t cc UE khc nhau. Dung lng cell tng nhng tc d liu khng
tng. u im chnh ca MU-MIMO so vi SU-MIMO l dung lng cell tng m
khng tng gi thnh v pin ca hai my pht UE. MU-MIMO phc tp hn SUMIMO.
Trong h thng MIMO, b pht gi cc dng d liu qua cc anten pht. Cc
dng d liu pht thng qua ma trn knh truyn bao gm nhiu ng truyn gia
cc anten pht v cc anten thu. Sau b thu nhn cc vector tn hiu t cc anten
thu, gii m thnh thng tin gc.
i vi tuyn xung, cu hnh hai anten trm pht v hai anten thu thit
b u cui di ng l cu hnh c bn, cu hnh s dng bn anten ang c xem
xt. y chnh l cu hnh SU-MIMO, v s dng k thut ghp knh khng gian
vi li th hn cc k thut khc l trong cng iu kin v bng thng s dng v
k thut iu ch tn hiu, SU cho php tng tc d liu (data rate) bng s ln
ca s lng anten pht.
Ghp knh khng gian cho php pht chui bit d liu khc nhau trn cng mt
khi ti nguyn tuyn xung. Nhng dng d liu ny c th l mt ngi
dng(SU-MIMO) hoc nhng ngi dng khc nhau (MU-MIMO). Trong khi
SUMIMO tng tc d liu cho mt ngi dng, MU-MIMO cho php tng
dung lng. Da vo hnh 3.30, ghp knh khng gian li dng cc hng khng
gian ca knh truyn v tuyn cho php pht cc d liu khc nhau trn hai anten.
Thng thng, tn hiu trc khi pht c m ha tng hiu ng
phn tp. MIMO c s dng khai thc vic phn tp v mc tiu l lm tng
tc . Vic chuyn i gia MIMO truyn phn tp v ghp knh khng gian c
th ty thuc vo vic s dng knh tn s.
i vi ng ln, t thit b u cui di ng n BS, ngi ta s dng m
hnh MU-MIMO (Multi-User MIMO). S dng m hnh ny BS yu cu s dng
nhiu anten, cn thit b di ng ch dng mt anten gim chi ph cho thit b
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 51
di ng. V hot ng, nhiu thit b u cui di ng c th pht lin tc trn

cng mt knh truyn, nhiu knh truyn, nhng khng gy ra can nhiu vi nhau
bi v cc tn hiu hoa tiu (pilot) trc giao ln nhau. K thut c cp n,
l k thut a truy nhp min khng gian (SDMA) hay cn gi l MIMO o.
010110
Hnh 3.30. Ghp knh khng gian
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 52
SVTH : L VN TN
MAI TT THNH
Page 53

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N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

CDMA2000: bao gm CDMA2000 1xRTT (Radio Transmission Technology),

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

Tc nh tc thi vi bng thng 20Mhz.

Hnh 2.1 S tm lt s pht trin ca h thng TTDD

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

Tc truyn d liu rt cao so vi 3G.

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

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bo m cht lng dch v. Tuy nhin cc RNC vn iu khin cc knh truyn

P-GW:PDN(mng d liu gi) cng

Hnh 2.1 S chuyn i cu trc UTRAN sang E-UTRAN

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

Hnh 2.2: Cu trc c bn ca LTE

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

thng minh c th tho ri c gi l th mch tch hp ton cu (UICC). USIM

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

trc y phc v cho UE, hoc la chn mt MME mi nu mt tuyn ng

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

Hnh 2.3 eNodeB kt ni ti cc nt logic khc v cc chc nng chnh

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

vo vic iu khin tn hiu chuyn giao ca UE trong ch hot ng gia cc

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

Hnh 2.4 MME kt ni ti cc nt logic khc v cc chc nng chnh

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

nhn ri th cc ngun ti nguyn ny trong eNodeB s c gii phng, cc

Hnh 2.5. Cc kt ni S-GW ti cc nt logic khc v cc chc nng chnh

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

Hnh 2.6 P-GW kt ni ti cc node logic khc v cc chc nng chnh

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

2.1.1.6. Chc nng chnh sch v tnh cc ti nguyn ( PCRF)

Hnh 2.7 PCRF kt ni ti cc nt logic khc & cc chc nng chnh

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

Cc kt ni gia PCRF v cc nt khc c th hin nh trong Hnh 2.7,

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUNH ANH

khai i vi nhng thit b u cui di ng ti bng thng trn 5 MHz.V vy m

N 2 : MNG 4G V K THUT LTE