BNG TNG KT NGHA LM SNG CA CC CH S XT NGHIM

STT

3
4

XT NGHIM
GI TR BNH
THNG
- Amylase
Huyt tng:
20 - 220 U/L
Nc tiu:
< 1000 U/L
Apo-AI
Nam: 104-202 mg/dL
N: 108-225mg/dL
Apo-B100
Nam: 66-133 mg/dL
N: 60-117mg/dL.
T s Apo-B
100/ Apo AI: < 1

Glucose
Huyt tng:
4,2-6,4 mmol/L
Nc tiu: m tnh

HbA1c
4,2-6,4%

Insulin mu
5-20 mU/mL

NGHA LM SNG
TNG

GIM

- -Amylase c nhiu trong tu ngoi tit v tuyn nc bt.

- Hot - amylase huyt tng, nc tiu tng trong vim tu
cp, vim tu mn, chn thng tu, ung th tu, cc chn
thng bng, vim tuyn nc bt (quai b),...
- Mc d - amylase huyt tng c vai tr chn on xc nh
vim tu cp, nhng n t c lin quan n nng v tin lng
ca vim tu cp.
- Nng Apo-AI huyt tng gim trong ri lon lipid mu, bnh
mch vnh.
- Nng Apo-B100 huyt tng tng , nguy c va x ng
mch.
- T s Apo- B tng c nguy c va x ng mch.
- Bnh thng glucose huyt tng khi i < 6,1 mmol/L, nu mc
glucose huyt tng khi i 7,0 mmol/L trong t nht 2 ln
xt nghim lin tip cc ngy khc nhau th b i tho ng
(diabetes mellitus).
- Khi lm nghim php dung np glucose ng ung OGTT (oral
glucose tolerance test):
+ Nu mc glucose huyt tng thi im 2 gi sau th
nghim < 7,8 mmol/L l bnh thng.
+ Nu mc glucose t 7,8 n <11,1 mmol/L l gim dung np
glucose (impaired glucose tolerance).
+ Nu mc glucose 11,1 mmol/L l i tho ng.
- Glucose huyt tng thng tng trong i tho ng tp I v
tp II.
- Glucose huyt tng cng c th tng trong mt s bnh khc
nhim ty, sau n, ... bnh tuyn gip (Basedow), u no, vim
mng no, cc sang chn s no, suy gan, bnh thn, v
- HbA1c ph thuc vo i sng hng cu (120 ngy), nn nng
HbA1c cao c gi tr nh gi s tng nng glucose mu
trong thi thi gian 2-3 thng trc thi im lm xt nghim hin
ti.
- Tng khi tu hot ng bnh thng, i tho ng tp I, bo
ph, .
- Gim khi tu hot ng yu, i tho ng tp I

Cholesterol
3,6 - 5,2 mmol/L

Triglycerid
0,46-2,2 mmol/L

10

HDL-C
0,9 - 2 mmol/L

11

LDL-C
1,8 - 3,9 mmol/L

12

13

14

15

- Tng cholesterol bm sinh, ri lon glucid-lipid, va x ng

mch, cao huyt p, nhi mu c tim cp, n nhiu tht, trng.
- Gim khi b i ko di, nhim ure huyt, ung th giai on cui,
nhim trng huyt, cng gip, bnh Basedow, thiu mu, suy
gan.
Tng trong hi chng tng lipid mu nguyn pht v th
pht, va x ng mch, bnh l v d tr glycogen, hi chng
thn h, vim ty, suy gan. Nu qu 11 mmol/L c th dn n
vim ty cp tnh.
Gim trong x gan, mt s bnh mn tnh, suy kit, cng
tuyn gip.
- Tng c tc dng lm gim nguy c x va ng mch v bnh
mch vnh.
- Gim trong x va ng mch, bnh mch vnh, bo ph, ht
thuc l.
Tng trong nguy c x va ng mch v bnh mch vnh.

- Fructosamin c to thnh do s gn ca glucose vo albumin

(c thi gian bn hu khong 20 ngy) nh s glycosyl ho
Fructosamin
khng cn enzym.
2,0 - 2,8 mmol/L
- Nng fructosamin huyt tng phn nh nng glucose
mu 2-3 tun trc thi im lm xt nghim.
Nc tiu/ Ure niu tng n gim protein, Ure niu gim trong tn thng
24 gi:
cng gip trng, dng thuc
thn (urea mu tng) vim thn,
338 - 538 thyoxin, sau phu thut, st cao, sn git, chy mu nhau thai,
mmol/ 24 ng mu cao trong giai on thiu niu, v niu, gim s to
gi
u ca bnh i tho ng. ure, bnh gan, ...
Ure mu tng trong st ko di,
Ure
Ure mu gim do i tiu t, mt
nhim trng huyt, chn thng,
Huyt
nc, bnh cu thn, u tin lit
ung th hoc u lnh tin lit
tng:
tuyn, suy gan, ch n ngho
tuyn, si, do ch n giu
2,5 - 7,5
m, n ch nhiu rau, cc
m, tng chuyn ho m,
mmol/L
tn thng gan nng gy gim
chc nng thn b tn thng,
kh nng to ure t NH3, ...
suy tim tr.
Nc
Nng creatinin nc tiu tng Nng creatinin nc tiu
tiu/24 gi:
trong bnh to cc chng khng gim trong cc bnh thn tin
5,6 -12,6
l, i tho ng, nhim trng, trin, vim thn, bnh bch cu,
mmol/24
nhc gip trng,...
suy gan, thiu mu,...
gi
Creatinin
Nng creatinin huyt tng
Huyt
tng trong thiu nng thn, tn Nng creatinin huyt tng
tng:
thng thn, vim thn cp v gim trong ph vim, vim thn,
53- 120
mn, b i, suy thn, tng huyt suy gan
mmol/L
p v cn, nhi mu c tim cp.
Protein ton phn
Trong a u tu xng, nn ma Trong vim thn cp hoc mn
huyt thanh
nhiu, a chy nng, mt nhiu tnh, thn h (c bit l thn h
46 - 82 g/L
m hi khi st cao ko di, thiu nhim m), mt nhiu protein
nng v thng thn, i tho qua ng rut (do hp th

ng nng.

16

Albumin
38 -51 g/L

Trong mt nc, nn nhiu, tiu

chy nng, ...

17

T s A/ G
1,2-1,8

Do thiu hay khng c globulin.

18

Acid uric
Nam 140-420 mol/L
N 120-380 mol/L.

19

20

21

22

23

24

km),...
Trong hi chng thn c protein
niu, cc bnh gan nng, thn
h nhim m, vim thn mn,
bng, eczema, dinh dng km,
ph n c thai, ngi gi, ...
T s A/G gim < 1 thng do
gim albumin hoc tng globulin
hoc do phi hp c hai.
Albumin gim trong suy dinh
dng, suy kit, lao, ung th;
tng globulin trong a u ty,
nhim khun,bnh collagen;
gim albumin v tng globulin
gp trong x gan, vim thn cp,
hi chng thn h nhim m.
Trong bnh Wilson, teo gan vng
da cp, suy thn, ...

Trong bnh Gout (thng phong),

nhim khun, thiu mu c tnh,
a hng cu, thiu nng thn,
cng cn gip trng.
Natri
Khi n, ung qu nhiu mui,
Trong trng hp mt nhiu
Huyt thanh:
mt nc, suy tim, vim thn
mui, say nng, ra nhiu m hi,
135 -150 mmol/L
khng c ph, vim no, ph tim nn ma, a chy, suy v thng
Nc tiu/ 24 gi: 152- hoc ph thn, khi iu tr bng thn, khi iu tr thuc li tiu
282 mmol/24 gi
corticoid,...
ko di,...
Trong vim thn, thiu nng thn Khi thiu kali a vo c th,
(c v niu hoc thiu niu),
mt kali bt thng ng tiu
Kali
nhim xetonic i ng, ng
ho: nn ma ko di, a chy,
3,5 -5,0 mmol/L
c nicotin, thuc ng, Addison- tc rut, hp thc qun,...
thiu nng v thng thn,...
Trong mt nc, tim truyn
Trong nn ma ko di, mt
Clo
Natri qu mc, chn thng s nhiu m hi, bng nng, n ch
95 - 110 mmol/L
no, nhim kim h hp,...
bnh l t mui,...
Calci
Huyt thanh
- Trong thiu nng tuyn cn
Trong u nng tuyn cn gip,
2,2- 2,6 mmol/L
gip, gy co git, tetani, thiu
dng nhiu Vitamin D, ung th
Nc tiu/24 gi:
vitamin D, ci xng, cc bnh
(xng, v, ph qun), a u tu
2,5 -7,5 mmol/ 24 gi
v thn, vim ty cp, tha
xng.
Calci ion ho
xng, long xng,...
1,17 - 1,29 mmol/ L
- Bilirubin TP huyt tng tng trong cc trng hp vng da do:
Bilirubin TP
tan huyt, vim gan, tc mt.
3 - 17 mol/L
- Bilirubin TD huyt tng tng trong vng da trc gan: tan huyt
Bilirubin LH (TT)
(thiu mu tan huyt, st rt, truyn nhm nhm mu, vng da
0,1 - 4,2 mol/L
tr s sinh).
Bilirubin TD (GT)
- Bilirubin LH tng trong vng da ti gan v sau gan: vim gan, tc
3-13,6 mol/L
mt, x gan.
CRP
- CRP huyt thanh tng trong cc phn ng vim cp nh nhi

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

mu c tim, tc mch, nhim khun, bnh mn tnh nh bnh

(C reactive protein: khp, vim rut, cng nh trong mt s ung th nh bnh
protein phn ng C) Hodgkin, K thn.
0-6 mg/L
- CRP cn l xt nghim nh gi mc nng v tin lng
ca vim tu cp, CRP 150 mg/L l vim tu cp nng.
- LDH c nhiu trong tim, gan v c.
LDH
- Hot LDH huyt tng tng trong nhi mu c tim, vim c
200 - 480 U/L
tim, lon nhp tim nng, chn thng tim hoc phu thut tim.
- CK c nhiu trong c.
CK
- Hot CK huyt tng tng trong nhi mu c tim, vim c
25 - 220 U/L
tim, au tht ngc, lon nhp tim nng, chn thng tim hoc
phu thut tim.
- CK-MB l mt isoenzym ca CK, c nhiu c tim.
CK-MB
- Hot CK-MB huyt tng tng trong nhi mu c tim cp,
1 - 25 U/L
vim c tim, au tht ngc, lon nhp tim nng, chn thng tim
hoc phu thut tim.
- Enzym ALT c nhiu trong bo tng ca t bo gan.
- Hot ALT huyt tng tng trong bnh l gan mt: vim gan
ALT (GPT)
cp, nht l vim gan do virus cc tp A, B, C, D, E, nhim k
10 - 40 U/L
sinh trng (sn l gan), nhim c ru, nm c, ng c thc
n.
- Enzym AST c nhiu trong c bo tng v ty th ca cc t
bo gan, tim v c.
- Hot AST huyt tng tng (>ALT) trong nhi mu c tim.
AST (GOT)
- Hot AST huyt tng tng trong bnh c (lon dng c,
10 - 37 U/L
vim c, tiu myoglobin) v cc bnh khc nh vim da, vim tu
cp, tn thng rut, nhi mu phi, nhi mu thn, nhi mu
no, ?
- ChE trong huyt tng c tng hp bi gan.
ChE
- Hot ChE huyt tng gim trong suy gan, x gan (do kh
Nam: 4,9-11,5 kU/L
nng tng hp ca gan gim), ng c ho cht tr su loi
N: 3,9-10,8 kU/L
phospho hu c hoc carbamat.
- GGT c nhiu gan, do cc t bo biu m ng mt bi tit
ra.
GGT (g-GT)
- Hot GGT huyt tng tng khi cc t bo biu m ng
5 ? 45 U/L
mt b cm ng tng tng hp enzym nh trong tc mt, vim gan
do ru, tn thng t bo gan.
GLDH
- GLDH ch c trong ty th ca t bo, c nhiu gan.
Nam < 4 U/L
- Hot GLDH huyt tng tng do tn thng nng cc t bo
N < 3 U/L
gan nh vim gan nng, hoi t t bo gan, thiu oxy m.
- IL-6 ng vai tr trung gian ch cht trong qu trnh tng hp cc
protein pha cp, trong c CRP, fibrinogen, ?, IL-6 c thi gian
IL-6 (Interleukine-6)
bn hu l 2 gi.
< 10 pg/mL
- Nng IL-6 huyt thanh tng c vai tr trong nh gi mc ,
tin lng, bin chng ti ch hoc suy tng ca vim tu cp.
Lipase
- Lipase c sn xut bi tu, mt t bi d dy, t trng, gan v
7 - 59 U/L
li.

35

36

37

38

39

40

41
42

43

44
45
46

- Hot lipase huyt tng tng c gi tr chn on vim tu

cp.
Microalbumin niu
Microalbumin niu c gi tr theo di bin chng thn sm
< 20 mg/L nc tiu
nhng bnh nhn tiu ng, cao huyt p.
- 2-Microglobulin c trn b mt hu ht cc t bo.
2-Microglobulin
- Nng 2-M huyt tng tng trong suy thn, bnh bch cu
(2-M)
lympho mn, bnh Waldenstron, bnh Kahler, bnh Lupus ban
Huyt tng:
ri rc, x gan, vim gan mn tin trin.
0,6 - 3mg/L
- Nng 2-M nc tiu tng trong gim kh nng ti hp thu
Nc tiu:
ca ng thn, nhim c kim loi nng, vim thn k do ng c
< 350 g/L
thuc, trc cn thi loi mnh ghp cp.
-C trong cc bnh thiu mu, tan mu tr s sinh.
- Thiu mu, tan mu t min.
Nghim php Coombs
- Thiu mu, tan mu do truyn mu, bt ng nhm mu ngi
cho v ngi nhn.
- ALP c nhiu gan, xng, nhau thai v biu m rut. V vy,
bnh thng, hot ALP huyt tng cng tng tr ang ln
ALP
v ph n c thai qu 3 ca thai k.
64-306 U/L
- Hot ALP huyt tng tng trong long xng, ci xng, u
xng, gy xng ang hn gn, vim gan, tc mt, x gan.
- Myoglobin l mt protein c trong bo tng ca c tim v c
xng. Myoglobin c vai tr vn chuyn v d tr oxy trong t
bo c.
Myoglobin
- Nng myoglobin tng rt sm (sau 2 gi) trong nhi mu c
Nam: 28-72 g/L
tim cp, trong nhi mu c tim ti pht Nng myoglobin huyt
N: 25-58 g/L
tng t cc i 4-12 gi v tr v mc bnh thng sau
24 gi.
- Nng myogolbin tng cng c th xy ra sau tn thng c
xng v trong suy thn nng.
- V -HBDH c thi gian bn hu (half-life) kh di (4-5 ngy) nn
-HBDH
s tng hot isooenzym -HBDH huyt tng ko di, iu
72-182 U/L
ny gip chn on nhi mu c tim nhng bnh nhn n
khm mun.
TnI
- Nng TnI huyt tng tng cao khi tn thng c tim (nhi
< 0,4mg/ml
mu c tim).
TnT
- Nng TnT huyt tng tng cao khi tn thng c tim (nhi
< 0,01 mg/ml
mu c tim).
NT-ProBNP
- Nng NT-ProBNP huyt tng tng vt qu cc gi tr ct
< 50 tui: < 55pmol/L tng ng vi cc la tui, c gi tr trong chn on suy tim, hi
50-75 tui <100pmol/L chng mch vnh cp (vi gi tr chn on m tnh rt cao, t
>75 tui > 220pmol/L 97-100%).
in gii
Cc ri lon in gii trong bnh thn, tim mch, co git, mt n
(Natri, Kali, Clo, Calci,
c? bnh h calci mu.
Calci ion ho)
Fibrinogen
Bnh ri lon ng mu, gan, khp.
Peptid C
- Peptid C c to thnh do s thu phn proinsulin thnh
0,2-0,6 mmol/L
insulin, khi t bo ca tu hot ng.

47

48

-Nng peptid C gim trong trng hp tu hot ng km hoc

khng hot ng (i tho ng typ I).
- PCT c thi gian bn hu l 24 gi. PCT tng nhanh sau nhim
khun 2 gi v t ti a sau 24 gi, sau gim dn nu tnh
trng nhim khun c ci thin.
PCT (Procalcitonin)
- PCT l marker c hiu cho nhim khun v nhim khun
< 0,05 ng/ml
huyt.
- PCT c th c s dng trong chn on, theo di v tin
lng tnh trng nhim khun.
CC XT NGHIM NC TIU
Tng phn tch nc tiu thng c s dng trong cc bnh
i tho ng, nhim ceton, i nht, bnh gan, mt, thn, bnh
vim ng tit niu, i mu... pht hin sm ng c thai
nghn.
Tng phn
Bnh thng, tr t trng v pH nc tiu c gi tr c th, cc
tch nc tiu
cht bt thng trong nc tiu l nhng cht c nng rt thp
trong nc tiu, bng cc xt nghim thng thng khng pht
hin c (m tnh-negative). Khi pht hin c (dng tnh,
positive), chng dc gi l nhng cht bt thng trong nc
tiu, c ngha lm sng.
- Tng trong: nhim khun gram (?), gim ngng thn, bnh l
1. T trng
ng thn. X gan, bnh l gan, tiu ng, nhim (keton) do tiu
(SG: specific gravity) ng, tiu chy mt nc, i ma, suy tim xung huyt.
1.015-1,025
- Gim trong: vim thn cp, suy thn mn, vim cu thn, vim
i b thn.
Bch cu trong nc tiu xut hin trong: nhim khun thn,
2. Bch cu (LEU)
nhim trng nc tiu, nhim trng khng c triu chng, vim
m tnh
ni tm mc do vi khun.
Nitrit trong nc tiu xut hin trong: nhim khun thn, nhim
3. Nitrit (NIT)
khun nc tiu, vim ni tm mc, nhim khun nc tiu khng
m tnh
triu chng.
- pH nc tiu tng trong nhim khun thn (tng hoc c lc
4. pH
gim), suy thn mn, hp mn v, nn ma.
4,8-7,4
- pH nc tiu gim trong nhim ceton do i ng, tiu chy
mt nc.
Hng cu xut hin trong nc tiu khi: vim thn cp (ung th
thn, bng quang, si thn, si tin lit tuyn), vim cu thn,
xung huyt thn th ng, hi chng K Wilson, hi chng thn h,
5. Hng cu (ERY)
thn a nang, vim i b thn, au qun thn, nhim trng niu,
m tnh
nhim khun nc tiu, nhim khun nc tiu khng c triu
chng, x gan vim ni tm mc bn cp, cao huyt p c tan
huyt ngoi mch thn, tan huyt ni mch c tiu hemoglobin.
6. Protein (PRO)
Protein xut hin trong nc tiu khi: vim thn cp, bnh thn do
m tnh
i tho ng, vim cu thn, hi chng suy tim xung huyt, K
Wilson, cao huyt p c tnh hi chng thn h, bnh thn a
nang, vim i b thn, bnh l ng thn, cao huyt p lnh tnh,
vim ni tm mc bn cp.

49

7. Glucose (GLU)
m tnh

Glucose xut hin trong nc tiu khi: gim ngng thn, bnh l
ng thn, i tho ng, vim tu, glucose niu do ch n
ung.

8. Th ceton (KET:
ketonic bodies)
m tnh

Th ceton xut hin trong nc tiu khi: nhim ceton do i tho

ng, tiu chy mt nc, nn ma.

9. Bilirubin (BIL)
m tnh

X gan, bnh l gan, vng da tc mt (nghn tc mt phn hoc

ton phn, vim gan do virus hoc do ng c thuc, K u ty,
si mt).

10. Urobilinogen
(UBG)
m tnh

X gan, bnh l gan, vim gan do nhim khun, virus, hu t bo

gan, tc ng mt ch, K u ty, suy tim xung huyt c vng da.

Pht hin cc t bo, tr niu, ... trong vim nhim thn, ng tit
niu, si ng tit niu, ...
Cc xt nghim Huyt hc
Tng phn tch mu
Tng trong vim nhim, bnh
Gim trong thiu mu do bt sn
mu c tnh, cc bnh bch cu,
(gim sn xut), thiu ht vitamin
v d nh: bnh bch cu dng
1. S lng bch
B12 hoc folate (khng trng
cu (white blood cells: tu cp, bnh bch cu lympho thnh c), nhim khun (gim
cp, bnh bch cu dng tu
WBC):
s sng st). Vic s dng mt
mn, bnh bch cu lympho
40-10 Giga / L
s thuc cng c th gy gim
mn, bnh u bch cu. Vic s
s lng bch cu: cc
dng mt s thuc cng c th
phenothiazine, chloramphenicol,
gy tng s lng bch cu, v
aminopyrine.
d: corticosteroid
2. S lng hng
cu (red blood cell
Tng trong mt nc, chng
Gim trong thiu mu
count: RBC):
tng hng cu
3,8-5,8 Tera / L.
3. Lng huyt sc
Gim trong thiu mu, chy
Tng trong mt nc, bnh tim
t (hemoglobin: Hb):
mu v cc phn ng gy tan
v bnh phi.
12-16,5 g / dL.
mu.
Tng trong cc ri lon d ng,
4. Khi hng
chng tng hng cu, ht thuc
cu (HCT: hematocrit): l, bnh phi tc nghn mn tnh Gim trong mt mu, thiu mu,
nam: 39-49%;
(COPD), bnh mch vnh, trn thai nghn.
n: 33-43%.
ni cao, mt nc, chng gim
lu lng mu (hypovolemia.
Gim trong thiu ht st, hi
5. Th tch trung bnh Tng trong thiu ht vitamin B12, chng thalassemia v cc bnh
ca mt hng
thiu acid folic, bnh gan, nghin hemoglobin khc, thiu mu
cu(mean corpuscular ru, chng tng hng cu, suy trong cc bnh mn tnh, thiu
volume: MCV) :
tuyn gip, bt sn tu xng, mu nguyn hng cu
85-95 fL
x ho tu xng.
(sideroblastic anemia), suy thn
mn tnh, nhim c ch.
6. Lng Hb trung
MHC tng trong thiu mu tng MCH gim trong bt u thiu
Soi cn nc tiu

50

bnh hng cu (mean sc hng cu bnh thng,

corpuscular
chng hng cu hnh trn di
mu thiu st, thiu mu ni
hemoglobin: MCH) : 26- truyn nng, s c mt ca cc chung, thiu mu ang ti to.
32 pg.
yu t ngng kt lnh.
7. Nng Hb trung Trong thiu mu tng sc hng Trong thiu mu ang ti to, c
bnh hng cu(mean cu bnh thng, chng hng th bnh thng hoc gim trong
corpuscular hemoglobin cu hnh trn di truyn nng, s thiu mu do gim folate hoc
concentration: MCHC): c mt ca cc yu t ngng kt vitamin B12, x gan, nghin
32-36 g/ dL
lnh.
ru
- phn b hng cu RDW bnh thng v:
+ MCV tng, gp trong: thiu mu bt sn, trc bnh bch cu.
+ MCV bnh thng, gp trong: thiu mu trong cc bnh mn
tnh, mt mu hoc tan mu cp tnh, bnh enzym hoc bnh
hemoglobin khng thiu mu.
+ MCV gim: thiu mu trong cc bnh mn tnh, bnh
8. phn b hng
thalassemia d hp t .
cu (red distribution
- RDW tng v:
width: RDW):
+ MCV tng: thiu ht vitamin B12, thiu ht folate, thiu mu tan
10-16,5%
huyt do min dch, ngng kt lnh, bnh bch cu lympho mn.
+ MCV bnh thng: thiu st giai on sm, thiu ht vitamin
B12 giai on sm, thiu ht folate giai on sm, thiu mu do
bnh globin.
- Gim MCV: thiu st, s phn mnh hng cu, bnh HbH,
thalassemia.
- S lng tiu cu trong mu
gim trong:
+ Gim sn xut: c ch hoc
thay th tu xng, cc cht ho
Trong nhng ri lon tng sinh tr liu, cc thuc khc, v d:
tu xng: chng tng hng
ethanol.
cu, bnh bch cu dng tu
+ Tng ph hy hoc loi b:
9. S lng tiu
mn, chng tng tiu cu v
chng ph i lch, s ng mu
cu (platelet count: Plt):
cn, x ho tu xng, sau chy trong lng mch ri rc, cc
150-450 Giga/L.
mu, sau phu thut ct b lch, khng th tiu cu (ban xut
chng tng tiu cu dn n cc huyt do gim tiu cu t pht,
bnh vim.
st Dengue, ban xut huyt sau
truyn mu, gim tiu cu do
min dch ng loi tr s
sinh, cc thuc: quinidin,
cephalosporin.
Trong thiu mu do bt sn,
Trong bnh tim mch (sau nhi thiu mu nguyn hng cu
10. Th tch trung
mu c tim, sau tc mch no, khng l, ho tr liu ung th,
bnh tiu cu (mean
i tho ng, tin sn git, ht bnh bch cu cp, lupus ban
platelet volume: MPV):
thuc l, ct lch, stress, chng h thng, chng tng nng lch,
6,5-11fL
nhim c do tuyn gip, ...
gim sn ty xng, du c,
chng tng tiu cu hot ng.
11. Khi tiu
Tng trong ung th i trc
Gim trong nghin ru, nhim

cu (plateletcrit: Pct):
0,1-0,5 %
12. phn b tiu
cu (platelet
disrabution width:
PDW): 6-18 %
13. T l % bch cu
trung tnh (%
neutrophils: NEUT%):
43-76 %

14. T l % bch cu
lympho (%
lymphocytes: LYM%):
17-48%

15. T l % bch cu
mono (% monocytes:
MON%): 4-8%
16. T l % bch cu
i toan (% eosinophils:
EOS%): 0,1-7%
17. T l % bch cu
i kim (% basophils:
BASO%): 0,1-2,5%
18. S lng bch
cu trung
tnh(neurophil count
hoc neutrophils:
Neut ): 2-6,9 Giga/ L
19. S lng bch
cu
lympho(lymphocyte
count hoc
lymphocytes: LYM ) :
0,6-3,4 Giga/ L

trng.

ni c t.

Trong ung th phi (PDW ung

th phi t bo nh SCLC cao
hn ung th phi t bo khng
Gim trong nghin ru.
nh NSCLC), bnh hng cu
lim, nhim khun huyt gram
dng, gram m.
Trong cc nhim khun cp, nhi
Trong cc nhim virus, thiu mu
mu c tim cp, stress, cc ung
bt sn, cc thuc c ch min
th (neoplasms), bnh bch cu
dch, x tr .
dng tu.
Gim trong hi chng suy gim
Tng trong nhim khun mn, min dch mc phi (AIDS), c
chng tng bch cu n nhn ch ty xng do cc ho cht
do nhim khun v nhim virus tr liu, thiu mu bt sn, cc
khc, bnh bch cu dng
ung th, cc steroid, tng chc
lympho mn, bnh Hodgkin,
nng v thng thn, cc ri
vim lot i trng, suy tuyn
lon thn kinh (bnh x cng ri
thng thn, ban xut huyt do rc, nhc c, hi chng thn
gim tiu cu t pht ITP.
kinh ngoi bin do ri lon t
min Guillain-Barr syndrome)
Tng trong cc trng hp bnh
nhim virus, nhim k sinh trng, Gim trong cc trng hp thiu
nhim khun, cc ung th, vim mu do bt sn, bnh bch cu
rut, bnh bch cu dng
dng lympho, s dng
monocyte, u lympho, u tu,
glucocorticoid.
sarcoidosis, ...
Tng trong cc trng hp hn
Gim trong cc trng hp: s
ng d ng nh st, hen hoc
dng cc thuc corticosteroid.
tng nhy cm thuc.
Trong cc trng hp: s dng
Trong cc trng hp: cc ri cc thuc corticosteroid, cc
lon d ng.
phn ng min dch, nhim
khun cp.
Tng trong cc nhim khun
Trong cc trng hp nhim
cp, nhi mu c tim cp, stress, virus, thiu mu do bt sn, s
cc khi u (neoplasms), bnh
dng cc thuc c ch min
bch cu dng tu.
dch, x tr.
Trong nhim khun mn, chng
tng bch cu n nhn do
nhim khun v nhim virus
khc, bnh bch cu dng
lympho mn, bnh Hodgkin,
vim lot i trng, suy tuyn
thng thn, ban xut huyt do
gim tiu cu t pht ITP.

Gim trong hi chng suy gim

min dch mc phi (AIDS), c
ch ty xng do cc ho cht
tr liu, thiu mu bt sn, cc
khi u, cc steroid, tng chc
nng v thng thn, cc ri
lon thn kinh (bnh x cng ri
rc, nhc c, hi chng thn

kinh ngoi bin do ri lon t

min Guillain-Barr syndrome).
20. S lng bch
cu mono
(monocyte count hoc
monocytes: MON#):
0,0-0,9 Giga/ L

51
52
53
54
55
56
57

58

59
60
61
62

Trong cc bnh nhim virus,

nhim k sinh trng, nhim
Gim trong thiu mu do bt
khun, cc khi u, vim rut,
sn, bnh bch cu dng
bnh bch cu dng monocyte, lympho, s dng glucocorticoid.
u lympho, u tu.
Tng trong d ng, nhim k sinh
trng (bnh giun xon, bnh nm
aspergillus, bnh nang sn),
21. S lng bch
bnh ph thn kinh-mch, cc
cu i toan(eosinophil phn ng thuc, nhy cm
Gim trong s dng cc thuc
count hoc eosinophils: warfarin, cc bnh mch mucorticosteroid.
EOS#):
collagen, hi chng tng bch
0,0-0,7 Giga/ L
cu i toan cp, vim mi a
bch cu i toan khng do d
ng, cc ri lon tng sn tu (u
bch huyt Hodgkin, x tr,...
22. S lng bch
Tng trong bnh bch cu, vim,
cu a base (basophil chng a hng cu, Hodgkin's, Gim trong stress, phn ng qu
count hoc basophils: thiu mu tan mu, sau ct lch, mn, cc steroid, thai nghn,
BASO) :
d sn tu xng, chng ph
cng gip, sau x tr.
0,0-0,2 Giga/ L
nim.
Nhm mu
Kim tra sc kho, ngoi khoa, sn khoa, ni khoa,...
ABO, nhm
Truyn mu
mu Rh
Bt thng nhm mu m- con
Huyt
Cc bnh l v mu v c quan to mu: ung th mu, thiu
Tu
mu, suy tu...
- Tng trong vim khp, cc tnh trng vim nhim.
Mu lng
- Gim trong a hng cu, c mu, ...
Tp trung bch cu Pht hin sm cc bnh v mu (ung th mu, suy ty, RLST?).
T bo Hargraves
Lupus ban , min dch d ng...
Xt nghim tng hp chn on, nh gi cc bnh l ri lon
ng mu ton b
v ng - cm mu.
Thi gian Howell
Xc nh ri lon ng mu theo con ng ni sinh.
Thi gian
Prothrombin (PT =
thi gian Quick), t l Xc nh ri lon ng mu theo con ng ngoi sinh.
Prothrombin , ch s
INR
Tiu th Prothrombin Xc nh cc ri lon ng mu.
o ng ng tp tiu
nh gi cht lng tiu cu.
cu
Nghim php
Xc nh ng mu ni mch lan to.
Ru; D-Dimer
Nghim php
nh gi tnh trng tiu si huyt.

63
64
65
66

67

68

69

70

71

72
73

Von-Kaulla, FDP
Thi gian Cephalin
kaolin
Co cc mu
Mu chy, mu ng
Cc yu t
ng mu
(VIII, IX)

Xc nh ri lon ng mu theo con ng ni sinh.

nh gi tnh trng tiu cu, ca fibrin, yu t XIII.
nh gi tnh trng ng, cm mu.
Chn on cc ri lon ng mu v bnh a chy mu.

- Thiu mu do tan mu, thiu

mu Biermer ; hi chng nhim - Thiu mu nhc sc thiu st
St huyt
st huyt t (Hemochromatosis). do b mt mu.
thanh (Iron)
- Vim gan cp tnh (tng cao
- Trong mt s bnh nhim
Nam: 11-28 mol/L
nht vo khong ngy th 15 ri khun, ung th, bnh cht to
N: 6,6-26 mol/L
gim dn vo tun th 4 -6 ca keo.
bnh), x gan.
Trong bnh nhim sc st t m,
Ferritin
thiu mu (c tnh, tan mu,
Nam: 67-899 pmol/L
Thalassemia), bnh bch cu
N <50 tui:
(Leucemia) cp, t tin trin
Gim trong thiu mu thiu st
34-377 pmol/L
ca Leucemia mn, u lympho
(iron deficiency anemia).
>50 tui: nh gi tr ca (lymphoma), u ty, Hodgkin,
nam.
nhim trng cp v mn, tn
thng m, ...
Transferrin l mt glycoprotein c khi lng phn t 79570 Da, l
Transferrin
mt protein vn chuyn st trong huyt thanh.
25,2-45,4 mmol/L
Mc transferrin huyt thanh gim khi st d tr gim.
TfS (Transferrin
saturation )
Trong thiu ht st, bo ho transferrin (= st huyt thanh/
Nam = 20-50%
transferrin) gim l mt ch dn rt nhy ca thiu st.
N = 15-50%
Kh nng gn st ton phn (TIBC) l tng lng st huyt thanh
TIBC
v kh nng gn st khng bo ho (UIBC). Nh vy, TIBC l
(Total iron- binding
nng st ti a m transferrin c kh nng gn.
capacity)
TIBC tng v bo ho transferrin gim trong thiu mu, thiu
43,0-80,6 mol/L (240- st.
450g/dL)
St huyt thanh gim v TIBC gim l c im ca thiu mu do
cc ri lon mn tnh, ung th hoc do cc nhim trng.
UIBC
- Kh nng gn st khng bo ho (UIBC) l s lng st c th
(Unsaturated irongn thm c vo transferrin. UIBC cng st huyt thanh, TIBC
binding capacity)
v ferritin c s dng nh gi xem c hay khng s thiu
20-62 mmol/L
ht st.
sTfR
Receptor ca transferrin ho tan (rTfR) l mt protein xuyn mng
(Soluble transferrin
thy tt c cc t bo. N c vai tr l cung cp st cho t bo
receptor)
bng cch gn transferrin cha st vo b mt t bo v vn
9,6-29,6 nmol/L
chuyn st vo bn trong t bo.
Vic xc nh nng rTfR huyt thanh c ngha trong:
+ rTfR tng sinh hng cu qu mnh nh trong thiu mu tan mu

74

T bo hc

75

M bnh hc

76

Hormon
(Tuyn gip)
- T3
- Free T3
- T4
- Free T4
- TSH
- TPO
- Anti TPO
- TG
- Anti TG
Hormon
sinh dc
LH
Estradion
Corticoid
Testosteron
Progesteron
Androstenedion

HBsAg
HBV DNA
77

HBeAg
HBeAb
(Anti HBe)
HBsAb
(Anti HBs)

78

HBcAb
(Anti HBc)

t min, chng tng hng cu v Thalassemia.

+ rTfR huyt thanh cng tng trong thiu mu thiu st, c bit l
thiu mu do bnh mn tnh.
M bnh hc
- Hch .
- Cc khi u.
- Cc loi dch (dch mng phi, bng, khp, dch m o, c t
cung).
Chn on vim nhim, ung th, u lnh tnh.
- Lm vi tt c cc t chc: hch, v, tuyn gip, d dy, xng,
cc t chc khc...
- Chn on vim nhim, ung th , u lnh tnh? K (ung th) t
bo gan nguyn pht, K t bo mm.

Chn on chc nng tuyn gip:

- Tng trong cng gip (Basedow), bu gip c.
- Gim trong nhc gip, ngi ln nhc gip bm sinh, bu
c n thun: T3, T4.
- Bnh thng.

Xc nh cc ri lon v hormon sinh dc v gii tnh trong cc

trng hp nh : thiu nng tinh hon, u nang tinh hon, thiu
nng bung trng, thiu nng nhau thai, bung trng khng pht
trin, b kinh do u nang ni tit.

Virus vim gan

- Khng nguyn b mt virus vim gan B.
- Xt nghim ch im sm nht chn on v theo di vim
gan B.
Ch im chc chn ang c virus vim gan B c trong mu bnh
nhn.
Xt nghim theo di khng nguyn sm nhn ln ca virus vim
gan B, c gi tr theo di s ang nhn ln ca virus vim gan B.
Xt nghim theo di khng th chng khng nguyn sm ca
virus vim gan B ang nhn ln.
HBsAb (hay Anti HBs) l khng th chng khng nguyn b mt
vim gan B, th hin s c min dch vi vim gan B, s dng
trong theo di trong tim phng vacxin.
Khng th chng khng nguyn li vim gan B, xc nh tnh trng
vim gan B (cp, mn tnh).

79

HAVAb
(Anti HAV)
HAV-IgM

80
81

HCVAb
(Anti HCV)
HDVAb
(Anti HDV)

82

CEA
0-10 ng/ ml

83

AFP
0-7 ng/ ml

84

PSA
0-10 U/ L

85

CA 125
0-35 U/ ml

86

CA 15-3
0-32 U/ ml

87

CA 72-4
0-5,4 U/ ml

88

CA 19-9
0-33 U/ ml

89

CT
(Calcitonin)
hoc hCT (Human

Khng th chng khng nguyn ca vius tp A, c gi tr xc nh

hi chng min dch vi vim gan A.
Khng th IgM chng vim gan virus tp A, chn on vim gan A
cp.
Khng th chng virus vim gan tp C, chn on, theo di vim
gan C.
Khng th chng virus vim gan tp D, chn on, theo di vim
gan D.
Xt nghim du n ung th
- CEA l mt thnh phn ca mng nhy i trc trng.
- Tng trong K ng tiu ho nh: K thc qun, d dy, gan, tu,
i trc trng, v, bung trng, c t cung, tuyn gip.
- C th tng khng nhiu trong polyp i trng, vim rut non,
vim tu, suy thn mn.
- AFP huyt tng tng trong K t bo gan nguyn pht, K t bo
mm (tinh hon).
- Gi tr chnh ca AFP l theo di tin trnh bnh v hiu qu iu
tr K t bo gan nguyn pht, K tinh hon sau iu tr phu thut,
x tr hoc ho tr liu.
- AFP huyt tng c th tng trong vim gan, x gan.
- PSA huyt tng tng trong K tuyn tin lit; c th tng trong u
ph i, vim tuyn tin lit.
- PSA c gi tr trong tm sot K tuyn tin lit, thng c s
dng kt hp vi chp trc trng, siu m v sinh thit (biopsy)
nhng n ng trn 50 tui.
- CA 125 huyt tng tng trong K bung trng, K c t cung; c
th tng trong cc bnh l thanh dch nh c trng, vim mng
tim, vim mng phi, vim mng bng,...
- CA 125 c vai tr ch yu trong chn on K bung trng, nh
gi s thnh cng ca iu tr v theo di tin trnh ca bnh.
- CA 15-3 huyt tng tng trong K v, c th tng trong u v lnh
tnh, vim gan, vim tu.
- CA 15-3 l mt marker hu ch theo di tin trnh bnh bnh
nhn K v di cn. Xt nghim ny khng ph hp cho vic chn
on v nhy qu thp khi K v cha c di cn.
- CA 72-4 huyt tng tng trong K d dy, c th tng trong x
gan, vim tu, vim phi, thp khp.
- c s dng theo di v hiu qu iu tr K d dy.
- CA 19-9 huyt tng tng trong cc K ng tiu ho nh K gan
(th cholangiom), ng mt, d dy, tu v i trc trng.
- CA 19-9 huyt tng cng c th tng trong vim gan, vim tu,
i tho ng, x gan, tc mt.
- Vai tr ch yu ca CA 19-9 l pht hin sm s ti pht v theo
di hiu qu iu tr cc K ng tiu ho nh nu trn.
- CT l mt hormon peptid c bi tit bi t bo parafolliculaar C
ca tuyn gip.
- CT c hiu cho chn on v theo di ung th vng tu tuyn

90

91

Calcitonin)
0,2 - 17 pg/ ml

gip (C-cell carcinoma).

- CT huyt tng tng trong K tuyn gip; c th tng trong suy
thn mn, bnh Paget.

TG
(Thyroglobulin)
1,4 - 78 ng/ ml

- TG huyt tng tng trong K tuyn gip, c th tng trong u lnh

tuyn gip.

2-M
89 (2-Microglobulin)
0 - 2000 g/ L

92

-hCG
0 - 5 U/ L

93

SCC (SCCA)
0- 3 g/ L

94

MCA
0-15 U/ ml

95

MSA
121-128,9 U/ml

96

CYFRA 21-1
0 - 3,3 U/ L

97

Opiate
(thuc phin, heroin,

- 2-M huyt tng tng trong K h lympho nh :

+ U lympho (lymphoma) hoc a u tu xng (multiple myeloma),
+ U lympho Hodgkin (Hodgkin lymphoma),
+ U lympho khng Hodgkin (No-Hodgkin lymphoma).
- 2-M huyt tng cng tng trong nhim khun, mt s bnh
min dch nht nh. V 2-M bi tit ch yu theo ng thn nn
nng ca n trong huyt tng v nc tiu c th thay i
theo bnh l ca cu hoc ng thn.
- -hCG c s dng chn on, theo di hiu qu iu tr u
t bo mm nhau thai v tinh hon, cng c s dng chn on
u t bo mm ngoi sinh dc.
- -hCG v hCG huyt tng tng trong K t bo mm nh K tinh
hon nam v K nhau thai (choriocarcinoma) n; trong qu
trnh thai nghn bnh thng, cha trng hoc dng thuc chng
co git, an thn, chng Parkinson
- SCC khng ph hp cho mc ch tm sot ung th t bo vy v
nhy v c hiu thp.
- Tuy nhin, SCC c th c s dng theo di tin trnh bnh
v nh gi p ng iu tr K t bo vy (K c t cung, thc qun)
nguyn pht v ti pht.
- SCC huyt tng cng c th tng trong tc nghn phi, hen.
- MCA hu ch cho theo di di cn bnh nhn ung th v.
- MCA khng s dng cho chn on hoc tm sot K v v
nhy v c hiu thp.
- MCA huyt tng cng c th tng trong bnh tuyn v lnh tnh,
khi c thai hoc bnh gan mt.
- MSA huyt tng tng theo giai on ca ung th v, c s
dng theo di din bin ca bnh v nh gi p ng i vi
iu tr bng hormon v ho tr liu.
- MSA huyt tng cng tng trong cc ung th khc nh K phi,
K i trng, K tu, K tuyn (adenocarcinogen),...
- MSA huyt tng cng tng nh trong u v lnh tnh.
- CYFRA 21-1 huyt tng tng trong K phi (t bo khng nh),
bng quang (du n la chn 2).
- CYFRA 21-1 c s dng chn on nh gi p ng iu
tr v theo di din bin ca K phi t bo nh; n cng c s
dng theo di din bin K bng quang.
- CYFRA 21-1 huyt tng cng c th tng trong mt s bnh
phi, thn.
Bnh x hi
Chn on, theo di nghin ma tu.

98
99

100

101

102

103

104

morphin, codein)
Soi dch m o
Giang mai (cc k
thut : RPR, TPHA,
VDRL)

Tm trichomonas, nm, vi khun, Gardnerella vaginalis.

S dng chn on nhim xon khun, bnh giang mai.

Chn on cc bnh v khp

- y l phng php o c min dch (Latex
immunoturbidimetric method) nh lng cc yu t thp RF
g-latex nh lng
(rheumatoid factors) trong huyt thanh bnh nhn.
(Gamma Latex) = RF- Yu t thp (RF) c mt phn ln cc bnh nhn b
Q(rheumatoid factorsvim a khp mn tin trin (evolutive chronicle poli-arthritis).
quantitative
- Phng php ngng kt latex cho php phn bit vim
determination)
a khp mn tin trin vi bnh thp khp (articulation rhematism)
0-12 U/L
hoc vi st thp (rheumatic fever), 2 bnh ny RF khng c mt
trong huyt thanh.
- ASLO (antistrptolysin O) l xt nghim huyt thanh o lng
ASLO
khng th khng lin cu khun xut hin trong mu.
0 - 200 U/mL
- ASLO c s dng chn on vim khp, thp khp, thp
tim, nhim trng lin cu.
- CRP huyt thanh tng trong cc phn ng vim cp nh nhi
mu c tim, tc mch, nhim khun, bnh mn tnh nh bnh
khp, vim rut, cng nh trong mt s ung th nh bnh
CRP
Hodgkin, K thn.
- CRP dng nh gi mc nng v tin lng ca vim tu
cp.
- Vai tr ch yu ca TNF-a l iu ho hot ng ca cc t bo
min dch. N cng c vai tr cm ng s cht a t bo theo
chng trnh, cm ng s vim v c ch s to khi u v s sao
TNF-a
chp ca virus.
- TNF-a tng trong nhim trng lin cu, st thp khp, bnh t
min.
V sinh nam
nh gi s lng, cht lng tinh trng, chn on v sinh (i
chiu tinh dch bnh thng). C tnh trng bt bnh thng, c
th lin quan n kh nng sinh sn khi:
- < 20 triu tinh trng: gim tinh trng
- < 1 triu tinh trng: n tinh trng
- > 250 triu tinh trng: a tinh trng
- < 50% tinh trng di ng v pha trc (loi a v b) v < 20%
nh gi tinh dch
tinh trng loi a: suy nhc tinh trng
- < 30% tinh trng c hnh dng bnh thng: d dng tinh trng.
- Khng c tinh trng trong tinh dch: khng c tinh trng.
- Th tch tinh dch < 2mL: t tinh dch
- Th tch tinh dch > 6mL: nhiu tinh dch
- Khng c tinh dch: khng c phng tinh.
- C hng cu trong tinh dch: tinh dch c mu
Xt nghim vi sinh - virus - vi khun

105
106
107

108
109
110
111
112
113

114
115
116
117
118

119

120
121

Soi nm
Nm da, nm tc, nm c t cung.
Cy nc tiu, cy
mu, dch cc loi lm Tm vi khun gy bnh, dng khng sinh thch hp.
khng sinh ,
Cy phn, lm khng Tm vi khun gy tiu chy, ri lon tiu ho, dng khng sinh
sinh , vi khun ch, thch hp.
Xt nghim vi sinh - virus - vi khun
St xut huyt
Pht hin chng Dengue trong mu iu tr c hiu.
"Dengue"
Tm mu trong phn Gip xc nh chy mu ng tiu ho.
K sinh trng ng
Chn on giun a, giun mc, giun tc.
rut
K sinh trng st rt Chn on st rt.
Tm u trng giun ch Chn on bnh giun ch.
Sn l gan nh gy bnh cho ngi v ch mo.
Sn l gan nh
ngi, sn l gan nh lm tc, vim ng mt v ti mt ; nu
(huyt thanh)
qu nhiu c th gy vim gan, x gan, c th gy vim ty.
ngi, sn l gan ln k sinh h thng tnh mch ca, con
Sn l gan to
ci i ngc dng mu, chy ti nhng huyt qun nh v
( huyt thanh)
tnh mch ca .
Soi m tm BK
Chn on bnh lao phi.
Phn ng: Mantoux,
Pht hin khng th chng lao.
TB test
Soi m, phn, tm
Chn on bnh sn l phi.
trng sn l phi
Dch no tu:
Gip chn on bnh vim mng no, vim no, xut huyt no, u
phn ng Pandy,
tu.
protein, ure, glucose.
Nhum ho hc t bo
- Esterase c hiu
- Myelo peroxidase
- Periodic acid Schiff
(PAS)
Xc nh cc dng t bo ung th mu.
- Soudan en
- Granulocyte alkaline
phosphatase (GAP)
Cc marker bch cu: - Bit c gim min dch trong HIV (AIDS), CD4 gim nng, t
CD4, CD8,
l CD4/CD8 gim nng.
Cc enzym chng oxy ha
SOD: 876-1328 U/ gHb - nh gi kh nng chng oxy ho ca c th trong nhiu bnh
GPx: 41-76 U/ gHb
l v hi chng ton th: tui gi, ung th, nhim bt, ng c
GR: 5,4-10,0 U/ gHb
thuc, ung ru nhiu, qu ti st, bnh min dch, suy dinh
TAS:1,07-1,96 mmol/L dng,...
MDA:1,75-3,07 nmol/ml - nh gi kh nng chng oxy ho ca c th trong nhiu bnh
l v hi chng c quan: bnh tim mch, thn, gan, rut, khp,

no, mu, mt, phi, da, thiu mu cc b, ...

Sng lc trc sinh Hi chng (HC) Down hoc Hi chng
Edward: khi thai ph > 35 tui, hoc bnh s c con d tt bm
sinh.
- Qu 1 ca thai k (11-14 tun): cn th double test: b-hCG v
PAPP-A.
+ Ngng nguy c i vi HC Down :
b-hCG 2 MoM (multiples of the median = cc bi s ca trung v)
v PAPP-A 0,3 MoM.
+ Ngng nguy c i vi HC Edward :
b-hCG 0,2 MoM v PAPP-A 0,2 MoM.
- Qu 2 ca thai k (15-22 tun): cn th triple test: AFP, b-hCG,
uE3.
Sng lc trc sinh
+ Ngng nguy c i vi HC Down l AFP 0,7 MoM, b-hCG 2
Hi chng Down, Hi
122
MoM, uE3 0,7 MoM;
chng Edward hoc
+ Ngng nguy c i vi HC Edward l AFP 0,7 MoM, b-hCG
d tt ng thn kinh
0,7 MoM, uE3 0,7 MoM.
Hi chng trn c mt phn mm my vi tnh chuyn dng tnh
ton, ngi thy thuc s cn c vo kt qu sng lc trc sinh
ny quyt nh chn on thm bng cho chc i (ly 10-20 ml
dch i) chn on xc nh bng K thut lai ti ch hunh
quang hoc Nhim sc th nu pht hin:
+ 3 nhim sc th 21 (Trisomy 21), l Hi chng Down;
+ 3 nhim sc th 18 (Trisomy 18) hoc chuyn on nhim sc
th 18 sang nhim sc th 14, l Hi chng Edward.
Cng c th pht hin cc d tt ng thn kinh (Neural tube
defects: NTD) qu 2 ca thai k khi AFP 2,5 MoM v nh siu
m.
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