Phn loi PLC~

Phn loi PLC~

Bi:
Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn

PHN LOI
V hnh dng
C hai kiu c cu thng dng vi cc h thng PLC l kiu hp n v kiu modul ni
ghp. Kiu hp n thng c s dng cho cc thit b iu khin lp trnh c nh v
c cung cp di dng nguyn chic hon chnh.
Kiu modul ghp ni: gm nhiu modul ring cho b ngun, CPU, cng vo/ra.... c
lp trn thanh ray. Kiu ny c th s dng cho cc thit b lp trnh mi kch c.

Hnh 1.2 Micro PLC h T100MD-1616

V s lng cc u vo/ra
Cn c vo s lng cc u vo/ ra, ta c th phn PLC thnh bn loi sau:
- Micro PLC l loi c di 32 knh vo/ ra
- PLC nh c n 256 knh vo/ ra
- PLC trung bnh c n 1024 knh vo/ ra
- PLC c ln c trn 1024 knh vo/ra.

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Phn loi PLC~

Cc micro PLC thng c t hn 32 u vo/ra. Trn hnh 1.2 l v d v micro PLC

h T100MD-1616 do hng Triangle Research International sn xut. Cu to tng i
n gin v ton b cc b phn c tch hp trn mt bng mch c kch thc nh
gn. Micro PLC c cu to gm tt c cc b phn nh b x l tn hiu, b ngun,
cc knh vo/ra trong mt khi. Cc Micro PLC c u im hn cc PLC nh l gi
thnh r, d lp t.
Mt loi micro PLC khc l DL05 ca hng Koyo, loi ny c 30 knh vo/ ra

Hnh 1.3. Micro PLC h DL05 ca hng Koyo

Mt loi micro-PLC khc l loi x ri 90 ca Fanuc, hnh 1.4. Loi ny c 8 knh vo
v 8 knh ra.

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Phn loi PLC~

Hnh 1.5. PLC loi ZEN-10C ca Omron

PLC loi nh c th c n 256 u vo/ra. Trn hnh 1.5 l PLC ca hng OMRON
loi ZEN 10C. Loi PLC ny c 34 knh vo/ ra gm: 6 knh vo v 4 knh ra trn
m un CPU, cn li 3 m un vo/ ra, vi 4 knh vo v 4 knh ra cho mi m un.
Hng Siemens c cc PLC loi nh nh S5-90U, S5-95U, S5-100U (hnh 1.6), S7 200
l cc loi PLC loi nh, c s lng knh vo/ ra nh hn 256. Cu to ca cc PLC
loi nh cng tng t nh cu to ca cc PLC loi trung bnh, v u l dng m un.
im khc bit l dung lng b nh, s lng knh vo/ ra ca cc m un khc nhau
v ln v tc x l thng tin cng khc nhau. PLC ca Siemens c dng rng
ri trong hu ht cc nc c nn cng nghip pht trin.

Hnh 1.7. PLC S5-100U ca Siemens

Cc PLC trung bnh c th c dn 1024 u vo/ra. Loi CJ1M ca Omron trn hnh 1.8
c 320 knh vo/ ra.

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Phn loi PLC~

Hnh 1.8. PLC loi CJ1M ca Omron

Loi PLC CQM1 hay CQMIH ca Omron trn hnh 1.9 c 512 knh vo ra

Hnh 1.9. PLC loi CQM1 ca Omron

Hng Siemens c mt s x ri S7-200 l ccloi PLC hng trung bnh. S lng knh
vo/ra ca S-300 c th trong khong t 256 n 1024.
Cc PLC loi ln c nhiu hn 1024 u vo/ra. Loi ny c tc x l rt cao, dung
lng b nh ln v thng c dng trong iu khin cc h thng thit b cng ngh
phc tp. Hng Omron c PLC loai CJ1 trn hnh 1.10, l loi c ti 1280 knh vo/ ra
v loi CJ1H c ti 2560 knh vo/ra.

Hnh 1.10. PLC loi CJ1 ca Omron

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Phn loi PLC~

Hng Omron cn c loai CS1 trn hnh 1.11, l loi PLC c ln vi 5120 knh vo/ ra
Hnh 1.11. PLC loi CS1 ca Omron

Hnh 1.12. PLC S7-400 ca Siemens

Cc PLC loi ln ca Siemens l cc loi x ri S7-300, S7-400. Cc loi ny c s lng
knh vo/ ra rt ln. Cc knh ny khng th u trc tip ln PLC m phi thng qua
cc b dn knh v tch knh ( demultiplexeur v multiplexeur). Trn hnh 1.12 l PLC
S7400 ca Siemens. y l loi PLC mnh nht ca Siemens hin nay. Cu hnh ca
PLC ny c biu din bng hnh 1.13.a, 1.13.b. Cc PLC trung bnh v ln c cc m
un vo/ra c th lp rp vi nhau trn cng mt gi tiu chun, cho php lp thm
hoc tho bt ra m khng cn tt ngun. Cc PLC c kt ni vi nhau thng qua
mng ETHERNET cng nghip (hnh 1.14).

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Phn loi PLC~

Hnh 1.13b. S kt ni ca S7-400

Hnh 1.14. S kt ni mng ca S7-400trong cng nghip

6/31

Phn loi PLC~

Hnh 1.13a.Cu trc ca S7-400

Cc PLC loi ln thng dng iu khin mc cao. mc thp thng l cc thit
b iu khin tng t, hay thit b iu khin s vi cc PLC loi nh, hay loi trung
bnh. mc thp, ch yu l cc thit b iu khin trc tip cc thit b cng ngh, cc
c cu chp hnh, cc ng c, bm, van, cun ht, n hiu vv. iu khin mc cao
bao gm cc iu khin lin quan n phn qun l h thng v qun l d liu ca h
thng iu khin. mc ny, cc d liu c th c thu thp t cc cc thit b iu
khin mc thp hoc t bn ngoi h thng thng qua mng ni b v mng Internet.
Cc d liu t cc PLC c truyn v cc my tnh trung tm lu tr v x l.
Trng hp cc h thng sn xut t ng c iu khin bng thng k, y chnh l
iu khin mc cao, tng ng vi cu trc qun l ca h thng. Hot ng ca h
thng iu khin c iu chnh da theo kt qu phn tch, nh gi t cc d liu
thng k, nh vy gip cho vic sn xut lun dng ti u nht v hiu qu nht. PLC
S7-400 ca Siemens l mt trong nhng loi PLC ln v rt mnh trong cc h thng
iu khin sn xut qui m nh cc nh my cng nghip. Loi PLC ny c th kt ni
trc tip qua mng Ethernet cng nghip vi cc thit b iu khin mc cao hn trao
i d liu hoc thng cc cc cc knh giao din khc nh MPI , PROFIBUS, EIB hay
giao din AS thu thp d liu v iu khin nh hnh 1.14.
1.4.3. V hng sn xut v sn phm
C nhiu hng sn xut PLC. Chng ta chn 4 hng tiu biu gm: Mitsubishi, Omron,
Siemens, Telemecanique.
CP1L - Th h Micro PLC mi cho tng lai

7/31

Phn loi PLC~

Ti a 160 I/O, RS-232 / 485 / 422

- Kt ni vi mun m rng CPM1
- B nh 5/10Kstep, c memory unit ngoi
- Lp trnh cng USB bng CX-P V7.1
- Chy m phng bng CX-Simulator
CPM1A, CPM2A - Loi Micro PLC thng dng
CPM1A CPM2A
CP1H - Loi Compact PLC cao cp (All-In-One)

PLC c va CJ1M

8/31

Phn loi PLC~

Cch th hin cc dng lnh v nguyn tc gi v thc thi chng trnh cng nh cc
cng c dng g ri khi tho chng rt ging nhau c php v cch th hin.

ZEN ca OMRON
Trn nn tng ph hp cc ng dng, tnh kinh t, tnh cnh tranh, cc nh sn xut PLC
gii thiu kh nhiu dng sn phm ph hp trong dy sn phm ca mnh, cc sn
phm c ng dng n gin nh (Logo-Siemens, Alpha-Mitsubishi, Zen-Omron, SmartTelemecanique).
Chng ta s quan tm ti cc h PLC c i ch vo/ra trn di 512 I/O (512 input/
output) b nh chng trnh tng n 32KB hoc 64KB Step v cc thnh phn ngoi vi
kt ni thm c th iu khin trong cc h thng t ng va v nh, n l, gn nh
p ng hu ht cc yu cu iu khin theo ca cc nh thit k.
Mitsubishi: (Software m t GX-Developer V8.0Up) h Fx-xx ca hng tun th quy
c gn a ch mang tnh k tha v pht trin trong tng lai (ch ni v cc a ch

9/31

Phn loi PLC~

cho cc cng vo/ra, v cc ng vo v ra ny s c ni trc tip vi cc thit b ra

lnh v chp hnh bn ngoi).
V d: dng Fx-xx c a ch ng vo InputDigital c gn theo nhm tng byte, bt
u l byte 0 tng ng chng ta c cc a ch: X000 n X007 (8 bit = 1 byte) hay cn
gi l h c s 8.
Nh vy, nhm byte th 2 tip theo quy c gn a ch s bt u bng X010 n
X017 a ch ng ra c gn k hiu Y v bt u t Y000 n Y007 tun th tng t
nh cch gn ng vo X.
Cc a ch c gn theo quy c trn ch bao gm trong dng sn phm PLC c seri
FX, cc dng sau t seri A, Q-A c nng cp ln nhm 2 byte nh vy a ch
c gn lc ny s bt u bng X000 cho n X007, tun theo th t m ca h c
s 16

Tri qua hn 25 nm, t khi Mitsubishi Electric gii thiu PLC gn u tin trn th
trng chu Au. T Mitsubishi tr nn hng dn u th gii trong khu vc ny,
vi hn 6 triu trong s nhng s ci t b iu khin.
Vi nhng kch thc gn ca h v chi ph thp nhng b iu khin c m ra vin
cnh mi trong k thut t ng cng nghip. Nhiu ng dng cho t ng ha .

10/31

Phn loi PLC~

Lot FX3U m by gi ang c gii thiu l h PLCs gn v cng thnh cng ca

Mitsubishi Electric th h th ba.
Tnh tng thch - nh phm vi b cp in (tip in) rng ca h nhng b iu
khin FX c th c s dng khp th gii.
Tnh Ton cu - Nhng b iu khin MELSEC FX ph hp vi tt c cc tiu chun
cng nghip quc t chnh.
FX1N kt hp nhng li ch ca mt b iu khin gn khng t vi nhng kh nng
m rng linh hot ca mt h iu khin m un. N c th c m rng cho ti 128
u vo v nhng u ra v vi mt phm vi ton din ca nhng m un chc nng
c bit. FX1N cng lm ni bt mt b iu khin nh v tng hp mnh.
Th truyn thng ca FX1N v nhng kh nng ni d liu lm cho n tr nn l tng
cho nhng ng dng ni kch thc phn cng b iu khin, nhng c tnh truyn
thng, nhng chc nng v tc x l c bit l mi th ph bnh.
Nhng u im ca lot FX1N:
- 14 ti 128 u vo v nhng u ra
- Tc x l cao
- Ample lp trnh dung lng nh (nhng bc 8,000) v nhng phm vi thit b
- Hp nht b iu khin nh v
- Ton din phm vi ca chc nng v nhng m un m rng c bit cho nhng yu
cu ring l

11/31

Phn loi PLC~

- Tch hp b iu khin PID

- Cung cp kt ni m nhng mng
- Tch hp ng h thi gian thc
- Giao din lp trnh thn thin vi n v lp trnh b phn mm ng dng hay cm tay
lp trnh trn nn Windows MS
S x l tn hiu tng t vi nhng b tip hp m rng chn

The FX2N t nhng tiu chun trong khu vc k thut t ng cng nghip v l
mt trong nhng b iu khin tiu th- ln nht worldwide. N c nhiu c tnh bnh
thng c tm thy trong nhng b iu khin ln hn Ch dn FX2N lgc l mt
trong nhng h thng PLC gn nhanh nht sn c. N c nhng kh nng truyn thng
v mt phm vi rng ca s m rng rng ln v nhng m un chc nng c bit sn
c cho cu hnh ca nhng h thng chnh xc.

Hng Siemens (c)

12/31

Phn loi PLC~

SIMATIC S7-300
PAC Sn phm tch hp gia PLC v WinCC lp trnh iu khin v m phng h thng
iu khin t ng

13/31

Phn loi PLC~

CU TRC PHN CNG PLC S7-300

1.5.1. H thng Module
PLC S7-300 cu trc dng module gm cc thnh phn sau:
CPU cc loi khc nhau: 312IFM, 312C, 313, 313C, 314, 314IFM, 314C, 315,
315-2 DP, 316-2 DP, 318-2,
Module tn hiu SM xut nhp tn hiu tng ng /s: SM321, SM322,
SM323, SM331, SM332,SM334, SM338, SM374
Module chc nng FM
Module truyn thng CP
Module ngun PS307 cp ngun 24VDC cho cc module khc, dng 2A, 5A,
10A
Module ghp ni IM: IM360, IM361, IM365
Cc module c gn trn thanh ry nh hnh di, ti a 8 module SM/FM/CP bn
phi CPU, to thnh mt rack, kt ni vi nhau qua bus connector gn mt sau ca
module . Mi module c gn mt s slot tnh t tri sang phi, module ngun l slot
1, module CPU slot 2, module k mang s 4

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Phn loi PLC~

Nu c nhiu module th b tr thnh nhiu rack (tr CPU312IFM v CPU313 ch c

mt rack), CPU rack 0, slot 2, k l module pht IM360, slot 3, c nhim v kt
ni rack 0 vi cc rack 1, 2, 3, trn mi rack ny c module kt ni thu IM361, bn phi
mi module IM l cc module SM/FM/CP. Cp ni hai module IM di ti a 10m. Cc
module c nh s theo slot v dng lm c s t a ch u cho cc module ng
vo ra tn hiu. i vi CPU 315-2DP, 316-2DP, 318-2 c th gn a ch ty cho cc
module.

Mi a ch tng ng vi mt byte. Vi cc module s a ch mt ng vo hay ra l

x.y, x l a ch byte, y c gi tr t 0 n 7. V d module SM321 DI 32 c 32 ng vo
gn k CPU slot 4 c a ch l I0.y, I1.y, I2.y, I3.y, I l k hiu ch ng vo s. Module
analog c a ch theo word, v d module SM332 AO4 c 4 ng ra analog gn slot
5 rack 1 c a ch PQW400, PQW402, PQW404, PQW406, ng ra s c k hiu l Q
cn ng vo analog k hiu l PIW.
Cc CPU 312IFM, 314 IFM, 31xC c tch hp sn mt s module m rng
CPU 312IFM, 312C: 10 ng vo s a ch I124.0 I124.7, I125.1; 6 ng ra s
Q124.0Q124.5.
CPU 313C: 24 DI I124.0..126.7, 16DO Q124.0..125.7, 5 ng vo tng ng
AI a ch 752..761, hai ng ra AO 752..755
CPU 314IFM: 20 ng vo s I124.0 I126.3; 16 ng ra s Q124.0 Q125.7;
4 ng vo tng ng PIW128, PIW130, PIW132, PIW134; mt ng ra tng
ng PQW128.
1.5.1.1. Module CPU
Cc module CPU khc nhau theo hnh dng chc nng, vn tc x l lnh. Loi 312IFM,
314IFM khng c th nh. Loi 312IFM, 313 khng c pin nui. Loi 315-2DP,
316-2DP, 318-2 c cng truyn thng DP. Cc n bo c ngha sau:

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Phn loi PLC~

- SF ... () ... li phn cng hay mm,

- BATF ... () ... li ngun nui,
- DC5V ... (l cy) ... ngun 5V bnh thng,
- FRCE ... (vng ) ... force request tch cc
- RUN ... (l cy) ... CPU mode RUN ; LED chp lc start-up w. 1 Hz; mode HALT w.
0.5 Hz
- STOP mode ... (vng) ... CPU mode STOP hay HALT hay start-up; LED chp khi
memory reset request
- BUSF ... () ... li phn cng hay phn mm giao din PROFIBUS
Kha mode c 4 v tr:
- RUN-P ch lp trnh v chy
- RUN ch chy chng trnh
- STOP ngng chy chng trnh
- MRES reset b nh
Th nh c th c dung lng t 16KB n 4MB, cha chng trnh t PLC chuyn
qua v chuyn chng trnh ngc tr li cho CPU.
Pin nui gip nui chng trnh v d liu khi b mt ngun (ti a 1 nm), ngoi ra
cn nui ng h thi gian thc. Vi loi CPU khng c pin nui thi cng c mt phn
vng nh c duy tr.
Thng qua cng truyn thng MPI (MultiPoint Interface) c th ni : my tnh lp
trnh, mn hnh OP (Operator panel) , cc PLC c cng MPI (S7-300, M7-300, S7-400,
M7-400, C7-6xx), S7-200, vn tc truyn n 187.5kbps (12Mbps vi CPU 318-2, 10.2
kbps vi S7-200) . Cng Profibus DP ni cc thit b trn theo mng Profibus vi vn
tc truyn ln n 12Mbps.
***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** * Cc vng nh ca PLC
Vng nh chng trnh (load memory) cha chng trnh ngi dng (khng cha
a ch k hiu v ch thch) c th l RAM hay EEPROM trong CPU hay trn trn th
nh.
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Phn loi PLC~

Vng nh lm vic (working memory) l RAM, cha chng trnh do vng nh

chng trnh chuyn qua; ch cc phn chng trnh cn thit mi c chuyn qua,
phn no khng cn li vng nh chng trnh , v d block header, data block
Vng nh h thng (system memory) phc v cho chng trnh ngi dng, bao gm
timer , counter, vng nh d liu M, b nh m xut nhp
Trn CPU 312IFM v 314 IFM vng nh chng trnh l RAM v EEPROM; cc CPU
khc c pin nui, vng nh chng trnh l RAM v th nh. Khi mt ngun hay ch
MRES ( reset b nh) RAM s b xa. Mt s vng nh ca RAM ( timer, counter,
vng nh M, khi d liu..) c th khai bo l lu gi (retentive) bng phn mm S7
chuyn cc vng ny sang b nh lu gi (NVRAM non volative ) d khng c pin
nui, kch thc c th ty loi CPU.
Bng sau cho mt s thng s chnh ca cc CPU
Thng
s

CPU 312IFM

Working
6KB
memory

CPU 313

CPU 314

CPU

12KB

24KB

32K

Load
20KBRAMup to 4MB
40KBup to 4MB
20KBRAM20KBEEPROM
memory
FEPROM (memory card) FEPROM (memory card)

48K
RAM

0.7ms/1000 lnh nh
phn

0.3ms/1000 lnh nh phn

1KBRetentivity adjustable
Data
MB0..MB71Preset
Memory
MB0..MB15

2KBRetentivity
adjustable
MB0..MB71Preset
MB0..MB15

2KB
2KBRetentivity adjustable
adju
MB0..MB255Preset
MB0
MB0..MB15
MB0

adjustable
Counter RetentivityC0..C31Preset
C0..C7

adjustable Retentivity
C0..C63Preset C0..C7

adjustable Retentivity
C0..C63Preset C0..C7

Timer

T0..T63 no retentivity

T0..T127Adjustable
T0..T127Adjustable
T0..
RetentivityT0..T31Preset: RetentivityT0..T127Preset: Rete
no
no
no

Digital
inputs

10 integrated + 128

128

512

496

Digital
outputs

6 integrated + 128

128

512

496

Vn tc

0.7ms/1000 lnh nh phn

17/31

0.3m
phn

Adju
C0..

Phn loi PLC~

Analog
inputs

32

32

64

64 +

Analog
outputs

32

32

64

64 +

Process
image
input

I0.0.. I127.7

I0.0.. I127.7

I0.0.. I127.7

Process
image
output

Q0.0 ..Q127.7

Q0.0 ..Q127.7

Q0.0 ..Q127.7

Module ngun nui (PS)

Module ngun nui. C 3 loi:2A, 5A, 10A.

1.5.1.3. Module m rng cng tn hiu vo/ra (SM)

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Phn loi PLC~

Module vo s c cc loi sau:

SM 321; DI 32 _ 24 VDC
SM 321; DI 16 _ 24 VDC
SM 321; DI 16 _ 120 VAC, 4*4 nhm
SM 321; DI 8 _ 120/230 VAC, 2*4 nhm
SM 321; DI 32 _ 120 VAC 8*4 nhm

Module ra s:

SM 322; DO 32 _ 24 VDC/0.5 A, 8*4 nhm

SM 322; DO 16 _ 24 VDC/0.5 A, 8*2 nhm
SM 322; DO 8 _ 24 VDC/2 A, 4*2 nhm
SM 322; DO 16 _ 120 VAC/1 A, 8*2 nhm
SM 322; DO 8 _ 120/230 VAC/2 A, 4*2 nhm
SM 322; DO 32_ 120 VAC/1.0 A, 8*4 nhm
SM 322; DO 16 _ 120 VAC ReLay, 8*2 nhm
SM 322; DO 8 _ 230 VAC Relay, 4*2 nhm
SM 322; DO 8 _ 230 VAC/5A Relay,1*8 nhm

Module vo/ ra
SM 323; DI 16/DO 16 _ 24 VDC/0.5 A
SM 323; DI 8/DO 8 _ 24 VDC/0.5 A

Module Analog in

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Phn loi PLC~

Module analog in c nhiu ng vo, dng o in p, dng in, in tr ba dy,

bn dy, nhit . C nhiu tm o, phn gii, thi gian chuyn i khc nhau. Ci
t thng s hot ng cho module bng phn mm S7- Simatic 300 Station
Hardware v/hoc chng trnh ngi dng s dng hm SFC 55, 56, 57 ph hp (xem
mc ) v/hoc ci t nh modulle tm o (measuring range module) gn trn module
SM. Kt qu chuyn i l s nh phn ph hai vi bit MSB l bit du.
SM331 AI 2*12 : module chuyn i hai knh vi sai p hoc dng, hoc mt knh in
tr 2/3/4 dy, dng phng php tch phn, thi gian chuyn i t 5ms n 100ms,
phn gii 9, 12, 14 bit + du, cc tm o nh sau: 80 mV; 250 mV; 500 mV; 1000
mV; 2.5 V; 5 V;1 .. 5 V; 10 V; 3.2 mA; 10 mA; 20 mA; 0 .. 20 mA; 4 ..20
mA. in tr 150 ?; 300 ?; 600 ?; o nhiy dng cp nhit E, N, J, K, L, nhit k
in tr Pt 100, Ni 100. Cc thng s mc nh c ci sn trn module, kt hp vi
t v tr ca module tm o (bn v tr A, B, C, D) nu khng cn thay i th c th s
dng ngay

20/31

Phn loi PLC~

SM331, AI 8*12bit , 8 knh vi sai chia lm hai nhm, phn gii 9 (12, 14 )
bit + du
SM331, AI 8*16bit , 8 knh vi sai chia lm 2 nhm , phn gii 15 bit + du
Module Analog Out:
Cung cp p hay dng ph thuc s nh phn ph hai
- SM332 AO 4*12 bit: 4 ng ra dng hay p phn gii 12 bit, thi gian chuyn i
0.8 ms .

21/31

Phn loi PLC~

- SM332 AO 2*12 bit

- SM332 AO 4*16 bit
Module Analog In/Out
- SM 334; AI 4/AO 2 * 8 Bit
- SM334; AI 4/AO 2* 12 Bit

22/31

Phn loi PLC~

***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.*** 1.5.1.4. Module ghp ni

(IM)
Module IM360 gn rack 0 k CPU dng ghp ni vi module IM361 t cc rack
1, 2, 3 gip kt ni cc module m rng vi CPU khi s module ln hn 8. Cp ni gia
hai rack l loi 368. Trong trng hp ch c hai rack, ta dng loi IM365.
1.5.1.5. Module c chc nng iu khin ring (FM)
FM350-1 : m xung mt knh
FM350-2 : m xung tm knh
FM351, 353, 354, 357-2 : iu khin
nh v
FM352: b iu khin cam in t
FM355: b iu khin h kn
1.5.1.6. Module phc v truyn thng (CM)
Module phc v truyn thng trong mng gia cc PLC vi nhau hoc gia PLC vi
my tnh

23/31

Phn loi PLC~

Cu trc b nh
1.5.2.1. Kiu d liu
Dng

Kch thc

nh dng

BOOL(bit)

Booleantext

BYTE(Byte)

Thp lc phn

WORD(Word)

16

Nh phn

2#0 n2#1111_1111_1111_1111

2#0001_0010_00

Thp lc phn

W#16#0 n W#16#FFFF

W#16#1CBFWo

BCD

C#0 n C#999

C#998

Thp phn khng du

B#(0,0) n B#(255,255)

B#(10,20)Byte#(

DWORD(DoubleWord)

32

Nh phn

2#0
2#0010_0111_10
n2#1111_1111_1111_1111_1111_1111_1111_1111

Thp lc phn

DW#16#0000_0000 nDW#16#FFFF_FFFF

DW#16#00A2_0

Thp phn khng du

B#(0,0,0,0) nB#(255,255,255,255)

B#(1,14,65,245)b

INT(Integer)

16

Thp phn c d

DINT(Double Integer)

32

Thp phn c d

S5TIMER(SimaticTimer) 16

S5 timevi n v

TIME(IEC Time)

32

IEC timevi n

DATE(IECdate)

16

Ngy h IEC vi

TIME_OF_DAY(timeof
day)

32

Thi gian trong m

CHAR(character)

K t

1.5.2.2. Vng nh d liu, i tng v cch truy cp

PLC thng yu cu b nh trong cc trng hp: Lm b nh thi cho cc knh trng
thi I/O. Lm b m trng thi cc chc nng trong PLC nh nh thi, m, ghi cc
Relay.

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Phn loi PLC~

Mi lnh ca chng trnh c mt v tr ring trong b nh, tt c mi v tr trong b nh

u c nh s, nhng s ny chnh l a ch trong b nh. a ch ca tng nh s
c tr n bi mt b m a ch bn trong b vi x l. B vi x l s gi tr trong
b m ny ln mt trc khi x l lnh tip theo. Vi mt a ch mi, ni dung ca
nh tng ng s xut hin u ra, qu trnh ny c gi l qu trnh c.
B nh bn trong PLC c to bi cc vi mch bn dn, mi vi mch ny c kh nng
cha 2000 - 16000 dng lnh , ty theo loi vi mch. Trong PLC cc b nh nh RAM,
EPROM u c s dng.
+ RAM (Random Access Memory) c th np chng trnh, thay i hay xa b ni
dung bt k lc no. Ni dung ca RAM s b mt nu ngun in nui b mt. trnh
tnh trng ny cc PLC u c trang b mt pin kh, c kh nng cung cp nng lng
d tr cho RAM t vi thng n vi nm. Trong thc t RAM c dng khi to
v kim tra chng trnh. Khuynh hng hin nay dng CMOS RAM nh kh nng tiu
th thp v tui th ln.
+ EPROM (Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory) l b nh m ngi s
dng bnh thng ch c th c ch khng ghi ni dung vo c. Ni dung ca
EPROM khng b mt khi mt ngun, n c gn sn trong my, c nh sn xut
np v cha h iu hnh sn. Nu ngi s dng khng mun m rng b nh th ch
dng thm EPROM gn bn trong PLC. Trn PG (Programer) c sn ch ghi v xa
EPROM.
+ EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) lin kt vi
nhng truy xut linh ng ca RAM v c tnh n nh. Ni dung ca n c th c
xa v lp trnh bng in, tuy nhin s ln l c gii hn. Mi trng ghi d liu th
t l a cng hoc a mm, c s dng trong my lp trnh. a cng hoc a mm
c dung lng ln nn thng c dng lu nhng chng trnh ln trong mt thi
gian di.
* Kch thc b nh:
- Cc PLC loi nh c th cha t 300 -1000 dng lnh ty vo cng ngh ch to.
- Cc PLC loi ln c kch thc t 1K - 16K, c kh nng cha t 2000 -16000 dng
lnh. Ngoi ra cn cho php gn thm b nh m rng nh RAM, EPROM.
1. Cu trc b nh:
B nh gm 48KB RAM, 48KB ROM, khng c kh nng m rng v tc x l gn
0.3ms trn 1000 lnh nh phn, b nh c chia trn cc vng:
+ Vng cha chng trnh ng dng:
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Phn loi PLC~

- OBx (Organisation block): Min cha chng trnh t chc, trong :

- Khi OB1: Khi t chc chnh, mc nh, thc thi lp vng. N c bt u khi qu
trnh khi ng hon thnh v bt u tr li khi n kt thc.
- Khi OB10 (Time of day interrupt): c thc hin khi c tn hiu ngt thi gian.
- Khi OB20 (Time delay interrupt): c thc hin sau 1 khong thi gian t trc.
- Khi OB35 (Cyclic Interrupt): khi ngt theo chu k nh trc
- Khi OB40 (Hardware Interrupt): c thc hin khi tn hiu ngt cng xut hin
ng vo I124.0 I124.3
- FC (Function): Min cha chng trnh con c t chc thnh hm c bin hnh thc
trao i d liu vi chng trnh gi n, c phn bit bi cc s nguyn. V d:
FC1, FC7, FC30ngoi ra cn c cc hm SFC l cc hm c tch hp sn trong h
iu hnh.
- FB (Function Block): tng t nh FC, FB cn phi xy dng 1khi d liu ring gi
l DB (Data Block) v cng c cc hm SFB l cc hm tch hp sn trong h iu hnh.
+ Vng cha cc tham s h iu hnh v chng trnh ng dng:
- I (Process image input): Min b m d liu cc ng vo s. Trc khi bt u thc
hin chng trnh, PLC s c tt c gi tr logic ca cc cng vo ri ct gi chng
trong vng I. khi thc hin chng trnh CPU s s dng cc gi tr trong vng I m
khng c trc tip t ng vo s.
- Q (Process image output): tng t vng I, min Q l b m d liu cng ra s. Khi
kt thc chng trnh, PLC s chuyn gi tr logic ca b m Q ti cc cng ra s.
- M (Memory): Min cc bin c. Do vng nh ny khng mt sau mi chu k qut nn
chng trng ng dng s s dng vng nh ny lu gi cc tham s cn thit. C
th truy nhp n theo bit (M), byte (MB), theo t (MW) hay t kp (MD).
- T (Timer): Min nh phc v b thi gian bao gm vic lu tr cc gi tr t trc
(PV-Preset Value), cc gi tr tc thi (CV-Current Value) cng nh cc gi tr logic
u ra ca Timer.
- C (Counter): Min nh phc v b m bao gm vic lu gi cc gi tr t trc (PVPreset Value), cc gi tr tc thi (CV-Current Value) cng nh cc gi tr logic u ra
ca Counter.

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Phn loi PLC~

- PI: Min a ch cng vo ca cc module tng t (I/O External input). Cc gi tr

tng t ti cng vo ca module tng t s c module c v chuyn t ng theo
nhng a ch. Chng trnh ng dng c th truy cp min nh PI theo tng byte (PIB),
tng t (PIW) hoc theo tng t kp (PID).
- PQ: Min a ch cng ra ca cc module tng t (I/O External output). Cc gi tr
tng t ti cng vo ca module tng t s c module c v chuyn t ng
theo nhng a ch. Chng trnh ng dng c th truy cp min nh PI theo tng byte
(PQB), tng t (PQW) hoc theo tng t kp (PQD).
+ Vng cha cc khi d liu, c chia thnh 2 loi:
DB (Data block): Min cha cc d liu c t chc thnh khi. Kch thc
hay s lng khi do ngi s dng qui nh. C th truy nhp min ny theo
tng bit (DBX), byte( DBB), tng t (DBW), t kp (DBD).
L (Local data block): Min d liu a phng, c cc khi chng trnh
OB, FC, FB t chc v s dngcho cc bin nhp tc thi v trao i d liu
ca bin hnh thc vi nhng khi gi n. Ton b vng nh s b xo sau
khi khi thc hin xong. C th truy nhp theo tng bit (L), byte (LB), t LW),
hoc t kp (LD).
Kch thc cc vng nh ty thuc vo tng loi PLC

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Phn loi PLC~

2. Phng php truy cp vng nh:

a ch nh trong PLC S7-300 bao gm hai thnh phn: phn ch v phn s.
V d:

Truy nhp theo byte: Bao gm cc kiu Byte (1 byte), Word (2 byte), Double word (4
byte)
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Phn loi PLC~

Quy cch: Tn vng nh, kch thc, a ch byte u tin

a. Vng nh cc u vo I:
- Ti thi im u tin mi vng qut PLC ly tn hiu t cc u vo v ghi cc gi tr
tng ng vo vng nh u vo.
- Truy nhp: Kiu: Bit I[a ch byte].[a ch bit] I0.1
Byte, word, Double word I[kch thc][a ch byte u tin]
V d: IB4, IW1, ID2
b. Vng nh cc u ra Q:
- Trong qu trnh thc hin cc cng vic trong mt vng qut (bao gm c chng trnh
iu khin), PLC s ghi cc gi tr tng ng ca cc vo vng nh ny, cui vng qut
PLC s gi cc gi tr ny n cc u ra tng ng.
- Truy nhp: Kiu: Bit Q[a ch byte].[a ch bit] Q0.0
Byte, word, Double word Q[kch thc][a ch byte u tin]
V d: QB2, QW1, QD4
c. Vng nh M:
- Cc nh thuc vng nh (M) dng lu tr trng thi ca qu trnh hot ng hoc
cc thng tin iu khin khc.
- Truy nhp:Kiu: Bit M[a ch byte].[a ch bit] M10.1
Byte, Word, Double word M[kch thc][a ch byte u tin]
V d: MB20, MW8, MD6
d. Vng nh thi gian T
- Mi b thi gian c hai gi tr c lu tr trong vng nh T: Gi tr m thi gian
hin ti (16 bit), v gi tr bit timer (1 bit).
- Truy nhp: T [s th t b timer] T3
e. Vng nh b m C:

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Phn loi PLC~

- Mi b m c hai gi tr c lu tr trong vng nh C: Gi tr m hin ti (kiu

BDC, 12 bit), v gi tr bit counter (1 bit).
- Truy nhp: C [s th t b timer] C1
f. Vng nh cc u vo, u ra Analog AI, AQ:
- PLC chuyn i mt gi tr in p (hoc dng in) thnh mt s nh phn (12 bit)
lu tr trong vng nh analog (hoc ngc li).
- Cch truy nhp vi tn hiu vo: PI[kch thc][a ch byte u tin]
V d: Truy nhp: Kiu: Byte, Word, Double word
PIB20, PIW8, PID6
- Cch truy nhp vi tn hiu ra: PQ[kch thc][a ch byte u tin]
V d: Truy nhp: Kiu: Byte, Word, Double word
PQB20, PQW8, PQD6
g. Vng nh ca cc khi d liu DB:
- M khi d liu DB hoc DI bng lnh OPN
V d: OPN DB 1 // M khi d liu DB (Open data Block)
Hoc OPN DI 1 // M khi d liu DI (Open instance data Block)
- M mt bt trong khi d liu DBX
V d: A DB3.DB 0.5 // m bit s 5 ca byte 0 trong khi d liu DB3
- M mt Byte, mt WORD hoc mt mt DW trong khi d liu DBx
V d: L DB3. DBB2 // ch ti Byte 2 trong khi d liu DB3
L DB3. DBW2 // ch ti WORD 2 trong khi d liu DB3
L DB. DBD2 // ch ti DWORD 2 trong khi d liu DB3
h. Vng nh trong cc khi chng trnh OB, FBx v FCx

30/31

Phn loi PLC~

- Ch 1 bit
V d: A L0.2// ch bt s 2 ca Byte 0 trong min d liu a phng
- Ch mt Byte, Word hoc DW
V d: L LB0 // ch byte 0 trong min d liu a phng
L LW0 // ch Word 0 trong min d liu a phng
L LD0 // ch DWord 0 trong min d liu a phng

31/31