Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Monel Data Sheet PDF
Monel Data Sheet PDF
com
Temperature
F
-320
-300
-200
-100
70
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
-200
-180
-130
-70
21
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
in/in/F x 10
6.1
6.4
6.7
7.7
8.6
8.8
8.9
9.1
9.3
9.6
9.8
10.0d
10.3d
-6
Thermal Conductivitya
Specific Heata
Electrical Resistivitya,c
m/mC
Btu-in/h/ft /F
W/mC
Btu/lb/F
J/kgC
ohm-circ mil/ft
11.1
11.4
12.1
14.2
15.2
15.7
16.1
16.3
16.6
17.0
17.4
17.7
18.1d
113
130
139
151
167
193
215
238
264
287
311
335d
360d
-
16.5
18.2
19.8
22.0
24.0
26.9
30.1
33.4
36.5
39.4
42.4
45.5d
48.8d
-
0.050
0.078
0.088
0.102
0.105
0.110
0.114
-
223
320
378
427
445
459
470
-
205
307
322
337
346
355
367
379
391
403
415
427
.360
0.511
0.537
0.559
0.574
0.587
0.603
0.620
0.639
0.658
0.675
0.692
These values also apply to MONEL alloy R-405, the free-machining version of MONEL alloy 400.
Annealed material. Between 70F (21C) and temperature shown.
Annealed material.
d
Extrapolated.
b
c
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
0
200
400
1400 1600
Yield Strength
(0.2% Offset)
Tensile Strength
Elongation,
%
Hardness
Brinell
(3000-kg)
Rockwell B
ksi
MPa
ksi
MPa
75-90
517-620
25-50
172-345
60-35
110-149
60-80
80-110
552-758
40-100
276-690
60-30
140-241
75-100
75-100
517-690
30-55
207-379
50-30
130-184
72-90
84-120
579-827
55-100
379-690
40-22
160-225
85-20C
75-95
70-85
517-655
482-586
40-75
28-50
276-517
193-345
45-30
50-35
125-215
110-140
70-96
60-76
70-85
100-120
482-586
690-827
30-45
90-110
207-310
621-758
45-35
15-2
65-80
93 min.a
70-85
100-140
482-586
690-965
25-45
90-130
172-310
621-896
55-35
15-2
68 max.a
98 min.a
70-85
85-120
70-85
85-105
-b
85 max.
85-105
110-130
482-586
586-827
482-586
586-724
-b
586 max.
586-724
758-896
25-45
55-100
28-45
55-90
-b
30-45
55-80
90-110
172-310
379-690
193-310
379-621
-b
207-310
379-552
621-758
50-35
35-15
50-35
35-15
-b
45-30
30-10
10-3
75 max.a
85-100a
75 max.a
85-97a
-b
73 max.a
75-97a
95-27C
70-95
85-100
95-120
110-135
125-150
145-180
482-655
586-690
655-827
758-931
862-1034
1000-1241
30-55
50-75
65-95
85-120
100-135
125-170
207-379
345-517
448-655
586-827
690-931
862-1172
45-25
30-20
25-15
15-8
8-5
5-2
The ranges shown are composites for various product sizes and therefore are not suitable for specification purposes. Hardness values are suitable for
specification purposes providing tensile properties are not also specified.
b
Properties on request.
c
Properties shown are for sizes from 0.032 to 0.250-in. diameter. Properties for other sizes may vary from these.
Torsional Strength
Compressive Strength
Compressive properties, determined in triplicate on single
typical melts, are shown in Table 8 along with the
corresponding tensile properties and hardness. The modulus
of elasticity in compression is the same as that in tension.
More detailed information may be found elsewhere.
Temper
Deep-Drawing and Spinning Quality
Annealeda
Skin-Hard
Quarter-Hard
Half-Hard
Three-Quarter-Hard
Hard
Spring
Rockwell B Hardness
Strip
Sheet
76 max.
73 max.
73-83
82-90
93 min.
-
76 max.
68 max.
68-73
73-83
82-90
89-94
93-98
98 min.
120
100
100
80
80
Reduction of Area
60
60
Elongation
40
40
Yield Strength
20
20
0
60
70
80
Rockwell B
90
100
10
Hardness
Tensile Strength
80
60
60
Yield Strength
40
40
Elongation
20
20
0
100
0
60
15
20
25
Rockwell C
Elongation, %
Tensile Strength
120
70
80
Rockwell B
Hardness
90
10
15
20
25
Rockwell C
Room
-110
Rooma
Forged
70
-297
-423
70
-297
Annealed
Temperature,
F
Tensile Strength,
ksi
Yield Strength
(0.2% Offset), ksi
Elongation,
%
Reduction of Area,
%
103.80
117.45
93.70
100.85
19.0
21.8
71.0
70.2
103.40
92.00
128.25
142.00
78.65
115.25
93.30
67.00
91.50
96.40
31.30
49.50
17.3
31.0
44.5
38.5
51.5
49.5
72.5
72.7
71.8
61.0
75.0
73.9
90
Tensile Strength
80
70
60
Bearing Strength
50
Elongation
40
30
20
10
200
400
600
800
1000
Temperature, F
Figure 4. High-temperature properties of annealed MONEL alloy 400.
Wire
Cold-Drawn, 75%
Cold-Drawn, 75%
Stress-Relieved
Rod
Hot-Rolled
Cold-Drawn, 20%
Dia.,
in.
Tensile
Strength,
ksi
Yield
Strength
(0.2% Offset),
ksi
Torsional Properties
Breaking
Strength,
ksi
Ratio
Torsional
Breaking
Tortional
Proportional
Proportional
Strength
Propertional
Limit,
Limit/Torsional
Torsional/Ten Limit/Tensile
ksi
Breaking
sile Strength
Strength
Strength
0.148
157
110
68
0.700
0.433
0.618
0.148
160
105
65
0.656
0.404
0.619
1
1
1.5
86
115
113
38
107
102
66
72
71
23
47
45
0.768
0.626
0.628
0.267
0.408
0.398
0.349
0.653
0.634
Yield Strength
(0.01% Offset), ksi
Hot-Rolled
Cold-Drawna
Annealedb
Tension
Yield Strength
(0.2% Offset), ksi
Tensile Strength,
ksi
Yield Strength
Yield Strength
(0.01% Offset), ksi (0.2% Offset), ksi
Elongation,
%
33
38
84
37
41
39.5
58
19
81
28
97
78
75
28
87
33
27.0
44.0
Temper
Ratio
Shear
Tensile
Shear
Thickness,
Hardness,
Strength, Strength,
Strength/
in.
Rb
ksi
ksi
Tensile
Strength
Hot-Rolled,
Annealed
Cold-Rolled,
Annealed
0.042
48.75
73.0
65
0.67
0.029
49.50
76.8
60
0.65
Condition
Property
Shear Strength, ksi
Room
600b
800b
1000b
800c
1000c
Tensile Strength, ksi
Yield Strength
(0.2% Offset), ksi
Elongation, %
Annealed
B & S No. 1a
48.5
45.0
37.0
29.0
38.5
30.5
78.5
54.5
52.0
47.5
38.0
49.5
38.5
88.0
46.0
75.5
41
18
b
c
Temperature,
F
Maximum Load,
lb
Initiation
Propagation
Total
Reduction of
Thickness,
%
Room
-184
-238
-320
-320b
32,340
39,000
42,000
47,800
41,300
715
649
795
899
676
2008
2402
2408
2802
2138
2723
3051
3203
3701
2814
57.0
50.0
51.0
46.0
45.0
Temper
Annealed
Half-Hard
Full-Hard
a
Tensile Properties
Yield Strength
Tensile Strength,
(0.2% Offset),
ksi
ksi
70.0
27.2
75.8
56.2
117.8
110.0
Bearing Strength
Elongation,
%
42.5
32.0
5.0
Yield Strengtha,
ksi
Ultimate
Strengthb,
ksi
Yield Strength
Ultimate
Strength
58.0
98.1
162.0
145.0
166.0
211.5
2.13
1.75
1.47
2.07
2.19
1.79
Temper
Hot-Rolled
Forged
Cold-Drawn
Annealed
Izod
Charpy U Notch
100-120+
75-115
75-115
90-120+
220
150
215
Impact
Strength,
ftlb
a
96
129
Tensile Properties
Reduction
of Area,
%
Tensile
Strength,
ksi
Yield
Strength
(0.2% Offset),
ksi
Elongation
in 2 in.,
%
Reduction
of Area,
%
Hardness,
Brinell
(3000-kg)
15.0
63.7
97.25
86.65
27.0
66.4
199
29.5
68.0
78.35
33.35
44.0
65.9
123
Elongation
in 3.54 in.,
%
Temper
Hot-Rolled
Cold-Drawn 24%, Stress-Relieved
Annealed 1450F/3 hr
Impact Strength
ftlb
ftlb/in
34
39
30
694
788
599
Angle of Twista,
Degree
Hardness, Brinell
(3000-kg)
101.5
98.0
102.0
145
199
123
75F
-20F
-112F
-310F
219
216
78
212
-
213
219
-
196
212
73
Notch
Orientation
Impact Strength,
ftlb
V
V
Keyhole
Keyhole
V
V
Keyhole
Keyhole
Long.
Trans.
Long.
Trans.
Long.
Trans.
Long.
Trans.
141-219
121-216
81-87
72-75
Unbroken
171-193
123-146
91-116
Fatigue Strength
Fatigue strength of various tempers of alloy 400 is given in
Table 18. Values for sheet and strip are in Table 19, cold
drawn wire in Figure 5, and annealed rod in Figure 6.
Stress, ksi
80
Temper
Annealed
Hot-Rolled
Cold-Drawn, As-Drawn
Cold-Drawn, Stress-Equalizedb
Cold-Drawn, Stress-Relievedc
Fatigue
Tensile
Strength
Strength,
8
(10 cycles),
ksi
ksi
33.5
42.0
40.5
44.0
37.0
82.0
88.0
105.0
104.0
96.5
Ratio,
Fatigue
Strength/
Tensile
Strength
0.41
0.48
0.39
0.42
0.38
70
60
50
40
105
106
107
Cycles to Failure
108
60
Temper
Annealed
Quarter-Hard
Half-Hard
Full-Hard
Full-Hard, Stress-Equalized
(525F/21 hr)
a
Fatigue
Tensile
Strength
Strength,
(108 cycles),
ksi
ksi
Ratio,
Fatigue
Strength/
Tensile
Strength
21.0
24.5
28.5
39.0
74.7
76.5
84.2
126.0
0.28
0.32
0.34
0.31
41.0
133.0
0.31
50
Stress, ksi
40
30
20
10
0
104
105
106
107
108
Cycles to Failure
Figure 6. Fatigue strength of commercially produced MONEL alloy
400 rod (0.500-in. diameter, cold-drawn, annealed 1500F/3 hrs).
Tested in the processed condition. Data determined by the R.R.
Moore rotating beam technique.
100
80
60
40
30
20
Stress, ksi
100
80
60
40
750F
800F
10
8
700F
900F
6
30
20
1000F
800F
Stress, ksi
3
2
10
8
900F
1
0.01
0.1
Creep Rate, %/1000 hr
4
3
1000F
100
80
1
0.01
0.1
60
750F
30
20
Stress, ksi
800F
10
850F
8
6
900F
4
3
950F
1000F
1
0.01
0.1
Creep Rate, %/1000 hr
100
100
80
80
700F
700F
60
60
900F
800F
40
Stress, ksi
Stress, ksi
40
30
850F
30
900F
20
20
1100F
950F
1000F
10
100
10
1000
Rupture Life, hr
10,000
100
1000
Rupture Life, hr
10,000
MICROSTRUCTURE
MONEL alloy 400 is a solid-solution binary alloy. As nickel
and copper are mutually soluble in all proportions, it is a
single-phase alloy. It has a face-centered cubic lattice
structure with a lattice parameter of 3.534 A. Figure 12
shows the typical microstructure of the material.
In the unetched condition, a polished specimen of
MONEL alloy 400 will exhibit only randomly dispersed
nonmetallic inclusions. These consist of metal sulfides or
silicates. Under some conditions, graphite particles may
also be present.
10
CORROSION RESISTANCE
MONEL alloy 400 exhibits resistance to corrosion by many
reducing media. It is also generally more resistant to attack
by oxidizing media than higher copper alloys. This
versatility makes alloy 400 suitable for service in a variety of
environments.
Alloy 400 is widely used in marine applications. While
alloy 400 products exhibit very low corrosion rates in
flowing seawater, stagnant conditions have been shown to
induce crevice and pitting corrosion. Alloy 400 is also
resistant to stress corrosion cracking and pitting in most
fresh and industrial waters.
WORKING INSTRUCTIONS
MONEL alloy 400 can be readily joined and fabricated. By
proper control of the amount of hot or cold work and by the
selection of appropriate thermal treatments, finished
fabrications can be produced to a rather wide range of
mechanical properties.
Fabricating
MONEL alloy 400 is readily fabricated by standard
processes. Special recommendations may be found in the
Special
Metals
publication
Fabricating,
at
www.specialmetals.com.
Hot Forming. With respect to its resistance to hot
deformation, MONEL alloy 400 is softer than many steels.
It can, therefore, be hot-formed into almost any shape.
The use of proper temperature during hot forming is
important. The range of hot-forming temperatures is 1200F
to 2150F. For heavy reductions, recommended metal
temperature is 1700 to 2150F. Light reductions may be
taken down to 1200F. Working at the lower temperatures
produces higher mechanical properties and smaller grain
size.
Prolonged soaking at hot-working temperatures is
detrimental. If a delay occurs during processing, the furnace
should be cut back to 1900F and not brought to temperature
until operations are resumed. In no case should the alloy be
heated above 2150F; permanent damage may result.
Heavy forging should not be carried out so rapidly that
the metal becomes overheated from working. The use of an
optical pyrometer is recommended.
11
Coarse
(Larger than 0.0025-in.
av. dia.)
Tensile
Strength
105
Hardness
90
Yield Strength
(0.2% Offset)
75
60
Yield Strength
(0.0% Offset)
45
Elongation
30
15
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Reduction of Area, %
Stress, ksi
Elongation, %
Hardness, Rb
120
Hardness, Rb
Material
Not Soft
Hardness
Reduction of Area
200
400
Elongation
600
800
1000
Temperature, F
1200
1400
80
1400F
1800F
1700F
1600F
1500F
40
5
10
15
20
25
30
Yield Strength
(0.0% Offset)
1400F
100
10
15
20
Time-at-Temperature, min
25
30
12
1500F
0
Tensile
Strength
1600F
Fine
(0.0015-in. max.
av. dia.)
60
1700F
1200 1400
Temperature, F
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1800F
GRAIN SIZE
Medium
(0.0025-in. max.
av. dia.)
Stress, ksi
Hardness, Rb
Elongation, %
120
500
450
400
INCONEL alloy 718
350
300
250
Steel
Stainless
Type 304
600
INCONEL alloy
K-500
MONEL alloy
00
Nickel 2
200
150
100
50
0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
Cold Work, %
Machining
Alloy 400 can be machined at satisfactory rates with
machine tools generally employed by industry. The best tool
materials and design, speeds, coolants, and other factors are
discussed in the Special Metals publication Machining. In
general, cold-drawn or cold-drawn, stress-relieved material
is recommended for best machinability and smoothest finish.
MONEL alloy R-405 is the free-machining version of
MONEL alloy 400. Additional information on machining is
available in the Special Metals publication Machining on
the website, www.specialmetals.com.
Joining
MONEL alloy 400 is readily joined by conventional
processes and procedures. Information on welding, brazing,
and soldering are found in the Special Metals publication
Joining, on the website www.specialmetals.com.
Most of the conventional welding processes may be
used to join MONEL alloy 400 to itself or dissimilar alloys.
The choice of welding product is dependent upon the
materials being joined and the environment to which they
will be exposed.
For shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), MONEL
Welding Electrode 190 is used to deposit near-matching
composition weldments. For some applications, Nickel
Welding Electrode 141, INCO-WELD A Welding Electrode,
or INCONEL Welding Electrode 112 may be preferred.
Properties of weldments deposited with MONEL Welding
Electrode 190 between two sections of MONEL alloy 400
plate and between sections of alloy 400 and carbon steel
plate are shown in Tables 20 and 21.
For gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc
welding (GMAW), MONEL Filler Metal 60 is used to
deposit near-matching composition weldments. For some
applications, Nickel Filler Metal 61 or INCONEL Filler
Metal 625 may be preferred. These same filler metals may
be used for submerged arc welding (SAW). INCOFLUX 5
is used with MONEL Filler Metal 60. INCOFLUX 6 is used
with Nickel Filler Metal 61. INCONEL Filler Metal 625 is
used with INCOFLUX 7.
Additional information on joining is available in the
Special Metals publication Joining on the website,
www.specialmetals.com.
13
Tensile Strength,
ksi
Room
200
400
600
800
1000
74.35
42.25
68.60
69.25
66.10
55.95
Room
400
600
800
76.2
69.6
68.5
69.0
Yield Strength
(0.2% Offset), ksi
All-Weld Metal
46.65
46.05
43.10
43.15
43.00
38.70
Transverse Across Weldb
48.50
45.00
45.80
41.00
Elongation,
%
Reduction of Area,
%
41.0
39.0
33.5
34.0
32.5
22.0
66.4
56.5
64.2
59.9
47.4
24.5
24.0
24.0
21.0
28.0
48.0
58.3
56.5
44.2
Table 21 - Room-Temperature Properties of Butt Joint Weld of 1 1/4-in. MONEL Alloy 400 and Steel Using MONEL Welding Electrode 190
Property
Tensile Strength, ksi
Yield Strength, ksi
Elongation, %
Reduction of Area, %
As-Welded
All-Weld Metal
71.0
48.3
38
63.3
78.0
51.5
21
60.5
All-Weld Metal
70.5
45.3
38
63.3
76.4
36.7
31
59.3
BRIGHTRAY
CORRONEL
DEPOLARIZED
DURANICKEL
FERRY
INCOBAR
INCOCLAD
INCO-CORED
INCOFLUX
INCOLOY
INCONEL
INCOTEST
INCOTHERM
INCO-WELD
KOTHERM
MONEL
NILO
NILOMAG
NIMONIC
NIOTHERM
NI-ROD
NI-SPAN-C
RESISTOHM
UDIMAR
UDIMET
601GC
625LCF
718SPF
725NDUR
800HT
956HT
15
www.specialmetals.com
U.S.A.
France
Affiliated Companies
United Kingdom
Special Metals Wiggin Ltd.
Holmer Road
Hereford HR4 9SL
Phone
+44 (0) 1432 382200
Fax
+44 (0) 1432 264030
Germany
Special Metals Deutschland Ltd.
Postfach 20 04 09
40102 Dsseldorf
Phone
+49 (0) 211 38 63 40
Fax
+49 (0) 211 37 98 64
Hong Kong
Special Metals Pacific Pte. Ltd.
Unit A, 17th Floor, On Hing Bldg
1 On Hing Terrace
Central, Hong Kong
Phone
+852 2439 9336
Fax
+852 2530 4511
Canada House
Bidavon Industrial Estate
Waterloo Road
Bidford-On-Avon
Warwickshire B50 4JN, U.K.
Phone
+44 (0) 1789 491780
Fax
+44 (0) 1789 491781
Controlled Products Group
590 Seaman Street, Stoney Creek
Ontario L8E 4H1, Canada
Phone
+1 (905) 643-6555
Fax
+1 (905) 643-6614
India
Special Metals Services Ltd.
No. 60, First Main Road, First
Block
Vasantha Vallabha Nagar
Subramanyapura Post
Bangalore 560 061
Phone
+91 (0) 80 2666 9159
Fax
+91 (0) 80 2666 8918
Italy
China
The Netherlands
Singapore
Special Metals Pacific Pte. Ltd.
Room 910, Ke Lun Mansion
12A Guanghua Road
Chaoyang District
Beijing 100020
Phone
+86 10 6581 8396
Fax
+86 10 6581 8381
Rescal SA
A Special Metals Company
200 Rue de la Couronne des Prs
78681 Epne Cdex, France
Phone
+33 (0) 1 30 90 04 00
Fax
+33 (0) 1 30 90 02 11
DAIDO-SPECIAL METALS
Ltd.
A Joint Venture Company
Daido Shinagawa Building
6-35, Kohnan 1-chome
Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0057, Japan
Phone
+81 (0) 3 5495 7237
Fax
+81 (0) 3 5495 1853