Bio # _____

Name: _______________________________
Date: _________________
Unit 6: Test Cross and Sex-Linked Genes
4A

1. You are given a chicken with webbed feet, which is the dominant phenotype. The farmer asks
you to determine her genotype. How can you do this?

2. If the chicken above with webbed feet is mated with a male who has single toes (the recessive
phenotype), and the offspring all have webbed feet, what is the genotype of the female? Draw the
corresponding Punnett Square.

Test Cross
Scientists rarely know the ______________ of organism,
but they can see the _________________
What are the three possible genotypes of an organism:
_________, __________, ___________
Scientists use a _________ ____________ to identify the
genotype of an individual with the ______________
phenotype
Test cross: individual whose phenotype is ____________
but whose ___________ is unknown, is crossed with a
______________ recessive individuals
Why do scientists use individuals that are
homozygous recessive?

Sex-Linked Traits
Certain traits are only carried on the __ _______________
These traits are usually only seen in _____________
o Most are _______________
Why are recessive sex-linked traits mostly found
in males?

o
o
o
o
o

Assuming the sex-linked trait is RECESSIVE, identify the

following phenotype
XY = _____________________
X* Y = ____________________
XX = ______________________
XX* = _____________________
X*X*= _____________________

Bio # _____

Name: _______________________________
Date: _________________

Draw a Punnett Square that depicts a cross

between a mother who is a carrier for
hemophilia and a healthy father.
Polygenic Traits
Mendel chose pea plants because they have traits
controlled by ________ gene
This is NOT always the case
Some of our traits are _____________________
Polygenic: ______________________________________
These genes may be scattered along the same
chromosome or located on the different chromosome
Example: __________, ________________, __________
Your sister thinks that Mendels pea plants were
polygenic for height because they could be tall
or short. Explain why she is incorrect.

Incomplete Dominance
Sometimes traits will exhibit _____________
________________
When a trait displays an intermediate between two
parents, it exhibits incomplete dominance
For example: Snap dragons
o RR: ________________
o Rr: ________________
o rr: _________________
Compare the Law of Dominance with the Law of
Incomplete Dominance.

Multiple Alleles
Usually, we have ______ alleles for each gene
o One from mom
o One from dad
Some traits have more than ______ alleles
o Example: Blood Type (ABO)
A and B are ______________ over O
A is NOT dominant over ____
B is NOT dominant over ____
If an individual has an A and a B, their genotype would
be ____
A and B refer to carbohydrates on the surface of red
blood cells
O has neither carbohydrates
Draw a Punnett Square of a cross between a
parent with A type and a parent with B type
blood.