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AtashafroozMetal 2011 Backward&ForwardFacingSteps
AtashafroozMetal 2011 Backward&ForwardFacingSteps
3
March 2011
Keywords: Backward and Forward Facing Steps, Bleeding, Laminar Forced Convection, Recess
Subscripts
Nomenclature
Friction coefficient
Cf
C *f
CR
Dh
ER
Nu
Pe
Pr
Re
T
U0
contraction ratio
Hydraulic diameter (m)
expansion ratio
Nusselt number
Peclet number
Prandtl number
Reynolds number
Temperature (K)
Average velocity of the incoming flow at the
inlet section (m/s)
Horizontal and vertical distance, respectively
(m)
Dimensionless horizontal and vertical
coordinate, respectively
Reattachment length (m)
x, y
X, Y
xr
in
w
b
I.
kinematic viscosity (m 2 / s)
Density (kg / m 3 )
Bleeding coefficient
Dimensionless temperature
Introduction
Greek symbols
Inlet section
Wall
Bulk value
513
II.
Theory
u v
0
x y
(1)
1 p 2 u 2 u
u
u
v
x x 2 y 2
x
y
(2)
514
v
v
1 p 2 v 2 v
v
x
y
y x 2 y 2
2 T 2T
T
T
v
2 2
x
y
y
x
(3)
(4)
Nu
U 2
U Dh
, T Tin , Pr , Re
Tw Tin
Pe Re . Pr
(5)
0
X Y
2 dU
Re dY
(12)
C *f
2
Cf
Re
(13)
(6)
2 1 U
1 U
P
U
UV
X
Re X Y
Re Y
X
(7)
1 V 2 1 V
P
UV
X
Re X Y
Re Y
Y
(8)
Numerical Procedure
v
u v
x
y
, ) , v w* w
,
) , (U , V ) (
U
U U
Dh Dh
(11)
Y 0.0
Cf
IV.
1
(b w) Y
V.
1
1
(9)
V
0
U
Pe X Y
Pe Y
X
Positive values of bleed coefficient correspond to
blowing and negative values correspond to suction and
Copyright 2011 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
515
Y 0.5
10
20
30
(a)
0.0
Y 0.5
10
20
30
(b)
0.005
Y 0.5
10
20
30
(c)
0.005
VI.
516
10
= -.005
= .005
= 0.0
Nu
1
0
10
15
20
25
30
Y 0.5
10
15
(a)
0.0
Y 0.5
10
15
(b)
0.005
1
6
Y 0.5
10
15
Cf*
(c)
= -0.005
-2
= 0.005
= 0.0
0.005
-4
0
= -.0005
-6
= 0.005
-1
-8
10
15
20
25
= 0.0
30
X
Cf*
-2
-3
-4
-5
10
11
12
13
14
15
517
[4]
= -0.005
= 0.005
= 0.0
Nu
Authors information
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
VII. Conclusion
The present research work deals the analysis of
forced convection laminar flow over two sequence of
backward and forward facing steps in a 2-D horizontal
duct. The set of governing equations consisting of mass,
momentum and energy is solved numerically by the
CFD techniques in the Cartesian coordinate system. The
effects of bleeding coefficient and length of the recess
region on the Nusselt number and friction coefficient
distribution along the bottom wall between the steps
were investigated. It was revealed that these parameters
have great effect on the flow field and thermal
behaviors of the convective flow inside the recess
region.
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
518