Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Extensin Latacunga.
DEPARTAMENTO DE ENERGA Y MECNICA 2014-2015.
ANALISIS QUIMICO I
NOMBRE:
RAFAEL EDUARDO SNCHEZ MORALES
TEMA:
TRADUCCIN Y RESUMEN DE CONSTRUYENDO UNA MUESTRA
REPRESENTATIVA
FECHA:
29 octubre 2014
NRC:
2471
CONSTRUCTING A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE
The diagram below shows steps in transforming a complex substance into individual
samples that can be analyzed. A lot is the total material (for example, a railroad car full
of grain or a carton full of macadamia chocolates) from which samples are taken. A
bulk sample (also called a gross sample) is taken from the lot for analysis will be
meaningless. From the representative bulk sample, a smaller, homogeneous laboratory
sample is formed that must have the same composition as the bulk sample. For
example, we might obtain a laboratory sample by grinding a entire solid bulk sample to
a fine powder for testing. Small test portions (called aliquots) of the laboratory sample
are used for individual analyses.
Sampling is the process of
selecting a representative
bulk sample from the lot.
Sample preparation converts
a
bulk
sample
into
a
HO M O G EN E O
R EPRES EN TATI
V E BU LK
U S L AB
homogeneous
laboratory
S A M PLE
S AM PLE
sample.
Sample
preparation
also
refers to steps that eliminate A LIQ UO T
A LIQ U O T
A LIQ U O T
interfering species or that
concentrate the analyte.
In a random heterogeneous material, differences in composition are random and on a
fine scale. When you collect a portion of the material for analysis, you obtain some of
each of the different compositions. To construct a representative sample from a
heterogeneous material, you can first visually divide the material into many small
regions. For example, if you want to measure the magnesium content of the grass in
the 10-meter 20 meter field in a panel a, you could divide the field into 20000 small
patches that are 10 centimeters on a side.
A random sample is collected by taking portions from the desired number of regions
chosen at random. assign a number to each small patch, and use a computer to
generate 100 numbers at random from 1 to 20000. Then harvest and combine the
grass from each of the selected 100 patches to construct a representative bulk sample
for analysis
In a segregated heterogeneous material, large regions have obviously different
compositions. To obtain a representative specimen of such a material, we construct a
composite sample. For example, the field in panel b has three different types of grass
in regions A,B and C. you could draw a map of the field on graph paper and measure
the area in each region. in this case, 66 of the area lies in region A5, 14 lies in region B
and 20 lies in region C. To construct a representative bulk sample from this segregated
LO T