2010 API Spring Refining and Equipment Standards Meeting

Differences Between API-2000

5th and 6th Editions
Brad Otis
April 26, 2010

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Agenda
Recent History
Significant Differences
o Normal Tank Venting
o Internal Deflagration
o Flame Propagation Through PVVs
o Refrigerated Tank Venting
o Testing of Venting Devices
Path Forward

Recent History
API-2000 5th Edition
o Published April 1998
o Work started on 6th edition
ISO - 28300
o New work item submitted in June 2006
o Convert and update API-2000 into ISO Standard
o FDIS 28300 submitted Jan 2008
o Memo highlighting differences issued
o FDIS approved with no negative ballots
API adopted-back in Dec 09 with no negative ballots
Now working 2nd edition of ISO-28300 (API-2000 7th
edition)

Microsoft Office
Word 97 - 2003 Document

Significant Differences
Normal Tank Venting
EN 14015 Tank Venting
o EN 14015 Tank design standard used in Europe
o Venting model based on theory and validated via test
o Applicable to any tank service, any temperature, and
any size
o Therefore placed in main body of ISO standard
API-2000 5th Edition Tank Venting
o Venting model based on theory with simplified
assumptions
o Applicable to hexane or similar services, temperature
< 120 F, and tanks < 180,0000 bbls
o Therefore placed in Annex A of ISO standard

EN-14015 Validation Test

Tests and model calculations at Hoechst in 1980 and 1981

Tank: V = 617 m3; D = 8,5 m; H = 10,6 m

17 C T 26 C
Water (rain) flow density: about 60 kg/m2h
TRbF-model calculation

Significant Differences
Normal Tank Venting - continued
Discussion
o Both methods are acceptable when applied correctly
o Both were included
To fill gap where Annex A method does not apply
To allow continued use of the Annex A method
To ensure global support for the FDIS
o EN-14015 vent loads can be higher than Annex A
Calculations and comparison courtesy of Protego
(USA) Inc.

Calculation Examples
Tank 1
Tank:
- Height: 5m
- Diameter: 7m
- Tank volume: 192.4 m3
- Pump in rate: 96 m3/h
- Pump out rate: 96 m3/h
- Vertical tank
- No insulation
- MAWP: 7.5 mbar
- MAWV: 2.5 mbar

Inbreathing Requirements (Total) for Tank 1

Outbreathing Requirements (Total) for Tank 1

226

116

117

123

130
118

122
109

Overview Inbreathing Venting Requirements (thermal)

Small tanks (<3,180 m3)

Overview Inbreathing Venting Requirements (thermal)

Large tanks (>3,180 m3)

OutsidescopeofAPI2000

Overview Outbreathing Venting Requirements (thermal)

Small tanks (<3,180 m3)

Overview Outbreathing Venting Requirements (thermal)

Large tanks (>3,180 m3)

OutsidescopeofAPI2000

Significant Differences
Normal Tank Venting - continued
Discussion
o Operational experience with petroleum or
petrochemical fluid storage tanks indicates that tank
failures/damage due to vacuum have not been
caused by inadequate venting when that relief
system is designed using the method in this Annex
o Tanks that meet the criteria in Annex A can have
tank vents designed using the method shown in
Annex A.
o Tanks that dont meet the Annex A criteria, then the
general method in 4.3.2.1 should be used.
Questions?

Significant Differences
Internal Deflagration
New section on tank internal deflagration
Provides examples on how this may be mitigated
Previously no home for this issue
Detailed presentation on this on 4/28/10 at API-2000
meeting
Questions?

Significant Differences
Flame Propagation Through PVV
The 5th edition states A flame arrester is not
considered necessary for use in conjunction with a PV
valve venting to atmosphere because flame speeds are
less than vapor velocities across the seats of PV.
Recent controlled experiments have shown that flash
back through a PVV is possible during very low
unstable outflow conditions or if there is an external
flammable vapor cloud that ignites with sufficient
overpressure to lift the vacuum pallet.

Significant Differences
Flame Propagation Through PVV - continued
API-2010 and NFPA-30 have language similar to what
was stated in the 5th edition of API-2000
Until those standards are updated, there will appear to
be an inconsistency on this issue.
Questions?

Significant Differences
Refrigerated Tank Venting
Completely re-written
Previously was based on hexane
Borrowed heavily from EN14620 and EN1473
Questions?

Significant Differences
Testing of Venting Devices
New section to provide consistency in capacity testing
Combination of API 2000 5th edition section 4.6 and EN
14015 Annex L.6.
Questions?

Path Forward
2nd Edition of ISO-28300 is being worked now
Fall 2010 is deadline for submitting new items