LM VIC VI BIN NH

LNG

Phn tch thng k m t

Descriptive Statistics

Phn tch thng k m t

1. M t mt bin nh lng
- M t khuynh hng tp trung v phn tn
- M t bng biu : biu ct lin, biu Box-andWhisker

2. M t theo cc nhm: (Bin nh lng vi bin nh

tnh)
. - M t khuynh hng tp trung v phn tn
- M t bng biu Box-and-Whisker
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Phn tch m t mt bin nh lng

1. Khuynh hng tp trung v phn tn:
-

Gi tr trung bnh v lch chun (phn b

chun)

Biu ct lin

Gi tr trung v v khong (khng phn b chun)

Biu Box-and-Whisker.

Phng php kim nh phn b chun

Cch 1: V ng phn b chun trn biu
Histogram ri nh gi.
Analyze\Descriptive Statistics\Frequencies:
Charts\histogram

Cch 2: S dng phng php kim nh

Kolmogorov Smirnov Test.
Analyze\Nonparametric Tests\1-Sample K-S

Xp x c phn phi chun

Xp x chun nu cc cu hi di y u tr li l C
Gi tr trung bnh c nm trong +10% so vi trung v
Gi tr trung bnh +3sd xp x cc i v cc tiu
H s Skewness nm trong +3?
H s Kurtorsis nm trong +3?
Biu ct lin tc c hnh chung

- Gi tr trung bnh v lch chun:

Analyze\Descriptive Statistics\Frequencies:
Statistics\mean, Std. deviation

- Biu ct lin (histogram):

Analyze\Descriptive Statistics\Frequencies:
Charts\histogram

- Gi tr trung v v khong:
Analyze\Descriptive Statistics\Frequencies:
Statistics\Median, minimum, maximum, range

- Biu Box-and-Whisker:
Graphs\Boxplot: Simple\Summaries of separate
variables\Define

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Phn tch m t mi lin quan gia

cc bin
2. Phn tch thng k m t theo cc nhm

V d: M t s lc cn nng s sinh theo nhm tui ca thai

ph.
a. M t bng s:
Analyze\Report\Case summaries: Statistics\Mean, Std. Deviation

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Analyze\Reports\Case Summaries: Statistics\Median,

minimum, maximum, range

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b. M t bng biu Boxplot:

Graphs\Boxplot: Simple\Summaries for groups of cases\Define

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Kim nh gi thuyt
cho gi tr trung bnh

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Chn phng php kim nh

(Test thng k)
Vic chn phng php kim nh ph thuc
hai yu t:
1. Gi tr so snh c tun theo phn phi chun
(Normal distribution) hay khng?
2. Loi kim nh gi tr trung bnh.

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Cc loi kim nh thng k gi tr trung bnh

Phn phi chun

Khng phn phi

chun

1. Trung bnh vi mt gi tr

One-sample-T-Test

One-sample-T-Test

2. Trung bnh ca hai nhm

c lp

Independent sample TTest

Mann-Whitney U-Test,
Moses-Test

3. Trung bnh ti hai thi

im ca mt nhm

Paired sample T-Test

Wilcoxon-Test

4.Trung bnh ca nhiu

nhm

One Way ANOVA

(Analysis of Variances)

Kruskal-Wallis H-Test

5. Trung bnh ti nhiu thi

im ca mt nhm

MANOVA (Multianlysis
of Variances)

Friedman Test
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Kim nh gi thuyt

Mt trung bnh mu

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Mt trung bnh mu
Gi thuyt: trung bnh cn nng s sinh ca tr
trong qun th, im l 2900 gram
M t bin
Ph thuc: cnss, nh lng, chun
c lp: khng

Mi lin quan: So snh gi tr trung bnh mu v

trung bnh l thuyt
Chn kim nh: One sample t-test
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Analyze\Compare Means\One sample t-test

Cn nng s sinh ca tr l 3021 gram.

Cn nng s sinh ca nghin cu ny so vi cn nng s sinh qun th Vit
Nam khc bit c ngha thng k (p < 0.001).
Khc 121.799 gram v tin cy n 95% l s khc bit nm trong khong
(92.31 n 151.29 gram)

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Kim nh gi thuyt

Hai trung bnh mu

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Hai trung bnh mu

Gi thuyt: cn nng s sinh ca tr trai v tr gi
l nh nhau
M t bin
Ph thuc: cnss, nh lng, chun
c lp: gii tnh, nh tnh, hai nhm
Mi lin quan: So snh s dng gi tr trung bnh 2
nhm
Chn kim nh: Independent sample T-Test

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Analyze\Compare Means\Independent samples t-test

Levenes test khng c ngha (p>0,05) phng sai nh nhau

Cn nng s sinh ca nam v ca n khc bit c ngha thng k (t701 =
-4,257, p < 0.001). Trung bnh s khc bit v cn nng s sinh ca nam v
n l -126,368 gram vi khong tin cy 95% l (-184,653 n -68,082).
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Kim nh gi thuyt

Nhiu hn hai trung bnh mu

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Nhiu hn hai trung bnh mu

Gi thuyt: Trung bnh cn nng s sinh ca tr
c sinh cc b m c tui khc nhau l
nh nhau
M t bin
Ph thuc: cnss, nh lng, chun
c lp: nhm tui, phn loi, 3 nhm
Mi lin quan: So snh, s dng gi tr trung bnh
Chn kim nh: ANOVA mt chiu
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Analyze\Compare Means\One-Way ANOVA

Xu hng tng im trung bnh theo trnh

Levenes test khng c ngha (p>0,05) phng sai nh nhau
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Phin gii

C s khc bit c ngha thng k gia trung bnh

cnss gia cc nhm b m c tui khc nhau
(F2,702=50,2, p=0,017)
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Nhm no khc?

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Kim nh gi thuyt

Trung bnh lp li

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Trung bnh lp li
Gi thuyt: trung bnh cn nng ca tr sau 10
ngy khng cao hn cn nng lc sinh.
M t bin
Ph thuc: cnss, nh lng, chun
Lp li theo thi gian

Mi lin quan:So snh, s dng gi tr trung bnh

Chn kim nh: t ghp cp

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Analyze\Compare Means\paired samples t-test

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Kt lun
S khc bit v trung bnh cn nng sau 10 ngy
v cn nng s sinh l 251 gram vi khong tin
cy 95% s khc bit ny l 247 gram n 254
gram. S khc bit ny c ngha thng k (t702
= 133,072, p < 0,001).

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Phn 2
Kim nh gi thuyt cho
gi tr trung v

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Kim nh gi thuyt

Hai trung v

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Hai trung v
Gi thuyt: Tngy nm vin khi sinh con ca nhng
b m c bnh khi mang thai v ca nhng b m
khng c bnh khi mang thai l nh nhau.
M t bin
Ph thuc: s ngy nm vin, nh lng, khng
c PB chun
c lp: bnh m
Mi lin quan: So snh, s dng gi tr trung v
Chn kim nh: Phi tham s Mann-Whitney U-Test
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Kt qu

Khi xem xt s ngy nm vin ca cc b m, chng ta kt lun

rng c s khc bit c ngha thng k v trung v s ngy nm
vin ca nhng b m b bnh v khng b bnh trong lc mang
thai (Z = -4.523, n = 692, p < 0.001). Trung v s ngy nm vin
ca nhng b m khng b bnh thp hn nhng b m c bnh.

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Kim nh gi thuyt

Nhiu hn hai trung v

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Nhiu hn hai trung v

Gi thuyt: Ngy nm vin ca cc b m ging
nhau cc nhm tui khc nhau.
M t bin
Ph thuc: s ngy nm vin, nh lng,
khng chun
c lp: nhm tui m: 3 nhm
Mi lin quan: So snh, s dng gi tr trung v
Chn kim nh:Phi tham s ANOVA KruskalWallis
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Analyze\Non-parametric tests\K Independent

samples

Trung v s ngy nm vin ca cc b m c tui

khc nhau khng c s khc bit c ngha thng k
(Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0,787).

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Kim nh gi thuyt

Hai trung v ti hai thi im

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Hai trung v
Gi thuyt: trung bnh cn nng ca tr sau sinh 3
ngy v khi mi sinh ra l khng khc nhau.
M t bin
Ph thuc: cnss, lin tc, s khc bit khng c PB
chun
Lp li theo thi gian

Mi lin quan: So snh, s dng gi tr trung v

Chn kim nh: Phi tham s Wilcoxon
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Analyze\Non-parametric tests\2 related samples

Chng ta c bng chng kt lun rng cn nng

ca tr sau sinh 3 ngy c s khc bit c ngha thng
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k (Z = -26.514, n = 703, p < 0.001).

Phn tch tng quan: Bin nh lng vi

bin
nh
lng
V d: M t mi lin quan gia cnss v tng cn thai ph.
a. M t bng s: h s tng quan
L h s xc nh mc tng quan trong mi quan h
tng quan, bin thin trong khong 1 n 1.
-1 -> 0
: tng quan ngc chiu (nghch)
0 -> 1
: tng quan thun chiu
=0
: khng c mi tng quan
Xt gi tr tuyt i:
0-0,2
: tng quan rt yu
0,2-0,5
: tng quan yu
0,5-0,7
: tng quan va
0,7-0,9
: tng quan cht ch
trn 0,9
: tng quan rt cht ch

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* Bin c phn b chun: h s Pearson

Analyze\Correlate\Bivariate: Pearson

C mi tng quan thun chiu mc yu gia tng cn sn ph

trong qu trnh mang thai v cn nng s sinh (Pearsons r = 0,454,
p<0,001).
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b. M t bng biu : biu chm im

Graphs Lagacy Dialogs Scatter Dot Simple Scatter Define

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Kim nh gi thuyt

Hi quy tuyn tnh n gin

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Hi qui tuyn tnh n gin

Gi thuyt: Cn nng s sinh lin quan n tng
cn ca thai ph trong qu trnh mang thai.
M t bin
Ph thuc: cn nng s sinh, lin tc, phn b chun
lp: tng cn thai ph, lin tc, phn b chun

Mi lin quan: S dng m hnh hi quy tuyn tnh

n gin
Chn kim nh:Hi quy tuyn tnh n gin

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Phng trnh
Y = a + bx
y: hm s (gi tr d on cn nng s sinh theo tng
cn ca thai ph (x)
x: Bin s
a: hng s
b: h s hi qui ( dc ca ng thng)

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Analyze\Regression\Linear

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Kt lun
Cn nng s sinh c mi lin quan mt cch c ngha
thng k vi tng cn thai ph (F702 = 181,752, p <
0.001). i vi mi mt kg sn ph tng ln trong lc
mang thai, cn nng s sinh s 111,348 gram (khong tin
cy 95% l 95,132; 127,564). Tng cn ca sn ph trong
qu trnh mang thai l gii c 20, 6% s bin thin ca
cn nng s sinh.
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