LO 1 Terminology And

Classification Of Neoplasm

 Neoplasm : a type of tumor, group of

neoplasic cells
Study of tumors is oncology from Greek
for tumor
Metaplasia: the exchange of normal
epithelium for another type of epithelium.
Metaplasia is reversible when the stimulus
for it is taken away.
Dysplasia: a disordered growth and
maturation of an epithelium, which is still
reversible if the factors driving it are
eliminated.

Two major types: Benign and Malignant

Benign neoplasm : Cells grow as a
compact mass and remain at their site
of origin
grow slowly
low mitotic rate
well differentiated
not invasive; well-defined borders
remain localized, do not metastasize

Malignant neoplasm : Growth of cells is uncontrolled

Cells can spread into surrounding tissue and spread to
distant sites
cancer : from Latin for crab
autonomy and anaplasia
Grow rapidly ;
high mitotic index,
poorly differentiated
do not have a capsule
invade surrounding structures
can metastasize from the primary to a secondary
site (metastasis).

 Tissue of origin + -oma indicates a

benign tumor
Malignant tumors use embryonic
origin of tissue
Carcinomas come from ectoderm and
Endoderm - epithelial and glandular
tissue
Sarcomas arise from mesoderm
connective tissue, muscle, nerve and
endothelial tissues

Smooth muscle:
Leiomyoma
Fibrous tissue: Fibroma
Bone:Osteoma
Cartilage: Chondroma
Fat: Lipoma
Nerve: Neurofibroma
Nerve sheath:
Neurilemmoma
Glial cells: Glioma

Smooth muscle:
Leiomyosarcoma
Bone: Osteosarcoma
Fibrous tissue:
Fibrosarcoma
Cartilage:
Chondrosarcoma
Fat: Liposarcoma
Nerve: Neurofibrosarcoma
Nerve sheath:
Neurilemmosarcoma
Glial cells: Malignant
glioma