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A Translation Course in Building Vocabulary PDF
A Translation Course in Building Vocabulary PDF
A TRANSLATION COURSE
IN
BUILDING VOCABULARY
Abdullah H. Homiedan, Ph.D
Atef F. Youssef, Ph.D
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
- How to assess your own vocabulary
- disheveled appearance
- test of verbal speed
- a test of verbal responsiveness
- CHAPTER ONE
- lexicons related to personality types
- etymology and related words
- more etymology
- exercise on chapter one
- CHAPTER TWO
- words related to medical specialists
- origins and related words
- review of etymology
- match the words
- recall the words
- work with the words
- exercise on chapter two
- CHAPTER THREE
- lexicons on science and scientists
- origins and related words
- review of etymology
- match terms with meanings
- recall the words
- love affairs
-review of etymology
- test of semantic ability
-exercise on chapter three
- CHAPTER FOUR
-language of liars and lying
- match words with definitions
- recall the words
- origins and related words
- review of etymology
- exercise on chapter four
-CHAPTER FIVE
- words related to tickling and flattering
- bad news
-review of etymology
-definitions and words
- origins and related words
- review of etymology
- match words with definitions
-exercise on chapter five
- CHAPTER SIX
- persons and personalities
- origins and related words
- words and their right expressions
- recall the words
- chapter review
- exercise on chapter six
INTRODUCTION
When you have finished studying this book, you will no longer be the
same person. You can not be. If you honestly read every page, if you do
every exercise, if you take every test, you will go through an intellectual
experience that will effect a radical change in you.
For if you systematically increase your vocabulary, you will also sharpen
and enrich your thinking; push back your intellectual horizons; build your
self-assurance; improve your facility in handling the English language and
thereby your ability to express your thoughts effectively; and acquire a
deeper understanding of the world in general and of yourself in particular.
Increasing your vocabulary does not mean merely learning the definitions
of large numbers of obscure words; it doesn't mean memorizing scores of
unrelated terms. What it means -what it can only mean- is becoming
acquainted with the multitudinous and fascinating phenomena of human
existence for which words are, obviously, only the verbal descriptions.
Surely you cannot deny that such an experience will change you
intellectually. The result will have a discernible effect on your methods of
thinking, on your store of information, on your ability to express your
ideas, and on your understanding of human problems.
What this book can do for you. This book is designed to get you started
building your vocabulary effectively and, at jet-propelled speed, helping
you regain the intellectual atmosphere, the keen insatiable curiosity, and
the powerful urge to learn.
The organization of the book is based on two simple principles: () words
are the verbal symbols of ideas, and () the more ideas you are familiar
with, the more words you know. So, chapter by chapter, we will start
with some personality type, doctors, sciences, unusual occupations, liars,
actions, speech habits, insults, compliments, etc. and examine ten basic
words that express various aspects of each idea. Using each word as a
springboard, we will explore any others that are related to it in meaning
or derivation. However, the approach is, primarily, to focus on certain
ideas each of which is analyzed, with its ramifications, in one paragraph
or more. There will be an etymology section where you will learn what
Greek or Latin root gives the word its unique meaning and what other
words contain the same or related roots. Upon reviewing etymology
exercises, make sure to fill in the English word containing the prefix,
root, or suffix required.
People with superior vocabularies are the people with ideas. The words
they know are verbal symbols of the ideas they are familiar with-reduce
one and you must reduce the other, for ideas cannot exist without
verbalization. Freud once had an idea and had to coin a whole new
vocabulary to make his idea clear to the world. Those who are familiar
with Freud's theories know all the words that explain them the
unconscious, the ego, the id, the superego, rationalization, Oedipus
complex, and so on. Splitting the atom was once a new idea; anyone
familiar with it knew something about fission, isotope, radioactive,
cyclotrone, etc.
Your vocabulary indicates the alertness and range of your mind. The
words you know show the extent of your understanding of what's going
on in the world. The size of your vocabulary varies directly with the
degree to which you are growing intellectually. A new word is not just
another pattern of syllables with which to clutter up your mind -- a new
word is a new idea to help you think, to help you understand the
thoughts of others, to help you express your own thoughts, to help you
live a richer intellectual life.
One of the chief purposes of this book is to get you started, to give you
enough of a push so that you will begin to gather momentum, to
stimulate you enough so that you will want to start gathering your own
ideas. Where can you gather them? From good books on new topics.
How can you gather them? By reading on a wide range of new subjects.
Reference can be made to psychology, psychiatry, and psychoanalysis. If
your curiosity has been piqued by these references, here is a good place
to start. In these fields there is a tremendous and exciting literature and
you can read as widely and as deeply as you wish. What we would like
to do is offer a few suggestions as to where you might profitably begin how far you go will depend on your own interest. We suggest, first, half
a dozen older books (older, but still immensely valuable and completely
valid) available at any large public library.
-The Human Mind, by Karl A. Menninger
-Mind and Body, by Flanders Dunbar
-The Mind in Action, by Eric Berne
-Understandable Psychiatry, by Leland E. Hinsie
-A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis, by Sigmund Freud.
-Emotional Problems of Living, by O. Spurgeon English and Gerald H.J.
Pearson
. performed an autopsy:
a. examination of living tissue b. examination of a corpse to
determine the cause of death
c. process in the manufacture of optical lenses d. operation to cure
an organic disease e. series of questions to determine the cause of
delinquent behavior
. an indefatigable worker:
a. well-paid b. tired c. skillful d. tireless e. pleasant
. Endless loquacity:
a. misery b. fantasy c. repetitiousness d. ill health e. talkativeness
. a glib talker:
a. smooth b. awkward c. loud d. friendly e. boring
. an ocular problem:
a. unexpected b. insoluble c. visual d. continual e. imaginary
. a notorious demagogue :
a. rabble-rouser b. gambler c. perpetrator of financial frauds d. liar
e. spendthrift
. in retrospect:
a. view of the past b. artistic balance c. anticipation d. admiration
e. second thoughts
. to simulate interest:
a. pretend b. feel c. lose d. stir up e. ask for
. the apathetic citizens:
a. made up of separate ethnic groups
b. keenly vigilant of their rights
c. politically conservative
d. different, uninterested, uninvolved
e. terrified
. to placate his son:
a. please b. help
c. find a job for d. make arrangements for
e. change a feeling of hostility to one of friendliness
. to vacillate continually :
a. avoid b. swing back and forth in indecision c. inject d. treat e.
scold
. feel antipathy:
a. bashfulness b. stage fright c. friendliness d. hostility e. suspense
a.
a.
a.
a.
a.
. be more circumspect ;
a. restrained b. confident c. cautious d. honest e. intelligent
. an intrepid fighter for human rights:
a. fearless b. eloquent c. popular d. experienced e. famous
. a taciturn host:
stingy b. generous c. disinclined to conversation d. charming e.
gloomy
. to malign his friend:
a. accuse b. help c. disbelieve d. slander e. introduce
. a congenital deformity:
hereditary b. crippling c. slight d. incurable e. occurring at or
during birth
. definite neurosis:
plan b. emotional disturbance c. physical disease d. feeling of
fear
e. allergic reaction
. made an unequivocal statement:
a. hard to understand b. lengthy c. politically motivated
d. clear and forthright e. supporting
. vicarious enjoyment:
complete b. unspoiled
c. occurring from a feeling of
identification with another
d. long-continuing e. temporary
. a tyro:
a. dominating personality b. beginner c. accomplished musician
d. dabbler e. serious student
. a laconic reply:
immediate b. assured c. tense and meaningful d. unintelligible
e. angry
. an anomalous situation:
a. dangerous b. intriguing c. unusual d. pleasant e. unhappy
. posthumous child:
a.cranky b.brilliant c.physically weak
d.illegitimate e.born after the death of the father
. feels enervated:
a. full of ambition b. full of strength c. completely exhausted
d. troubled e. full of renewed energy
. shows perspicacity:
a. sincerely b. mental keenness c. love d. faithfulness e. longing
. gregarious person:
a. outwardly calm b. very sociable c. completely untrustworthy
d. vicious e. self-effacing and timid
. generally phlegmatic:
a. smug self-satisfied b. easily pleased c. nervous, high-strung
d. emotionally unresponsive e. lacking in social graces
. an inveterate gambler:
a. impoverished
b. successful c. habitual d. occasional e.
superstitious
. an egregious error:
a. outstandingly bad b. slight c. irreparable d. unnecessary e.
deliberate
. uxorious husband:
a. henpecked b. suspicious c. guilty of infidelity
d.fondly and foolishly doting on his wife e.tightfisted,penny-pinching
A
sweet
crazy
stout
big
danger
help
furious
begin
strange
beyond
return
growl
want
can
idle
rich
building
B
sour
insanes
fats
angrys
perils
hinder
violent
start
familiar
under
replace
weep
desire
container
working
luxurious
structure
. Write in the blank in column B a word starting with the letter P that is the
same, or approximately the same, in meaning as the word given in column A.
Example: Look / peer.
Warning: Every answer must start with the letter P.
A
. bucket
A
.location
. trousers
.store
. maybe
.inactive
. forgive
.fussy
. separate
.suffering
. likely
.castle
. annoy
.gasp
. good-looking
. fear
. picture
. twosome
. choose
. artist
. ugly
. sheet
. go
.collection
. dish
. Write in the blank in column B a word starting with the letter G that is
opposite, approximately opposite, or in contrast to the word given in
column A.
Example Stop / Go
Warning: Every answer must start with the letter G.
B
. lose
A
. stingy
. midget
. awkward
. special
. little
. lady
. rough
. take
. bride
. moron
. ripe
. sad
. unwanting
. boy
. unprotected
. happy
. experienced
. plain
. scarcity
. hello
. unappreciative
. here
. bad
. ugly
Now you know where you stand. If you are in the below average or
average group, you must consider, seriously, whether an inadequate
vocabulary may be holding you back. You have got to know that words
are the instruments by means of which men and women grasp the thought
of others and with which they do much of their own thinking. They are the
tools of thought. Educational research has discovered that your IQ. is
intimately related to your vocabulary. Take a standard vocabulary test and
then an intelligence test - the results in both will be substantially the same.
CHAPTER ONE
Lexicons related to personality types:
Every human being is, in one way or another, unique. Everyone's
personality is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental
factors. The following are ideas appertaining to some personality types one
of which might by chance be your very own:
believes in self-advancement
talks about accomplishments
is interested in the welfare of others.
turns thoughts inward
turns thoughts outward
turns thoughts both inward and outward
hates people
hates marriage
doesn't pursue pleasures of the flesh
hates women
. egoist:
. egotist:
. altruist:
. introvert:
. extrovert:
. ambivert:
. misanthrope:
. misogamist:
. ascetic:
. misogynist:
Now that you have acquainted yourself with the meanings in the above list,
find out if you can indicate, quickly, and without reference to any previous
definitions, whether the correct answer to each of the following questions
is Yes or No ?
. Is an egoist selfish?
. Is modesty one of the characteristics of the egotist?
. Is an altruist selfish?
. Does an introvert pay much attention to himself?
. Does an extrovert prefer solitude to companionship?
. Are most normal people ambiverts?
. Does a misanthrope like people?
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
You have thus far reinforced your learning by matching them to their
definitions.
Can you recall each word, without further reference to the previous
material?
DEFINITIONS
. Who lives a lonely austere life?
WORDS
an egocentric her new roommate is!) and an adjective (He is the most
egocentric person I have ever met !). To derive the adjective form of
egomaniac add -al, a common adjective suffix-- egomaniacal. In Latin, the
word for other is alter. Altruism, the philosophy practiced by altruists,
which comes from one of the variant spellings of Latin alter, other.
Altruistic actions look toward the benefit of others. If you alternate, you
skip one and take the other, so to speak, as when you play golf on alternate
Saturdays. An alternate in a debate, contest, or convention, is the other
person who will take over if the original choice is unable to attend. And if
you have no alternative, you have no other choice.
You see how easy it is to understand the meanings of these words once you
realize that they all come from the same source. And keeping in mind that
alter means other, you can quickly understand words like alter ego,
altercation, and alteration. An alteration is of course a change- a making
into something other. When you alter your plans, you make other plans.
An altercation is a verbal dispute. When you have an altercation
with someone, you have a violent disagreement, a "fight with words ". And
why? Because you have other ideas, plans, or opinions than those of the
person on the other side of the argument. Altercation, by the way, is
stronger than quarrel or dispute ,the sentiment is more heated, the
disagreement is likely to be angry or even hot tempered; there may be
recourse, if the disputants are human, to profanity or obscenity.
Alter ego, which combines alter, other with ego, I, self, generally refers to
someone with whom you are so close that you both do the same things,
think alike, react similarly, and are, in temperament, almost mirror images
of each other. Any such friend is your other I, your other self, your alter
ego.
You have seen how these thirteen words derive from the two Latin roots
ego, I, self, and alter, other. Now match definitions to words:
. ego
. ego-centric
B. to change
. altruism
C. argument
. to alternate
. to alter
. altercation
Now match the following adjectives to their meanings from the right
column.
. egomaniacal
A. a change
. altruistic
B. other possible
. alternative
. alteration (N)
. alter ego
E. a choice
. alternate
Without reference to previous pages, write the correct word in each blank.
. One's other self
. to change
. a heated dispute
. a choice.
MORE ETYMOLOGY
Introvert, extrovert, and ambivert are built on the Latin verb verto, to
form. If your thoughts are constantly turned inward (intro) you are an
introvert; outward (extro),an extrovert; and in both directions (ambi), an
ambivert. The prefix ambi-, both, is also found in ambidextrous, able to
use both hands with equal skill. Dexterous means skillful, the noun
dexterity means skill. The
ending -ous is a common adjective suffix (famous, dangerous, perilous,
etc.); -ity is a common noun suffix (variety, quality, simplicity, etc.).
The French word for the right hand is adroit, which we have used in
building our English word adroit. Needless to say, adroit, like dexterous,
means skillful, but especially in the exercise of the mental facilities. Like
gauche, adroit, or its noun adroitness, usually, is used figuratively. The
adroit person is quick-witted, can get out of difficult spots cleverly, can
handle situations ingeniously. Adroitness is, then, quite the opposite of
gaucherie. Misanthrope, Misogynist, and Misogamist are built on the Greek
root misein, to hate.
The root gyne, woman, is also found in gynecologist, the medical specialist
who treats female disorders. And the root gamos, marriage, occurs also in
monogamy, bigamy and polygamy. Monos means one, bi- means two,
polys means many. If a woman has two or more husbands, that custom is
called polyandry, from polys plus Greek andros, male.
English words have various forms, using certain suffixes for nouns referring
to persons, other suffixes for practices, attitudes, philosophies, etc., and
still others for adjectives.
Person
. misanthrope
Practice etc.
misanthropy
Adjective.
misanthropic
. misogynist
misogyny
misogynous
. gynecologist
gynecology
gynecological
. monogamist
monogamy
monogamous
. bigamist
bigamy
bigamous.
. polygamist
polygamy
polygamous.
. polygynist
polygamy
polygamous.
. polyandrist
polyandry
polyandrous.
. philanthropist
philanthropy
philanthropic
. anthropologist
anthropology
anthropological
You note, then, that "-ist" is a common suffix for a person; -y for a
practice, attitude, etc.; and "-ic" or "-ous" for an adjective.
Concerning the word ascetic, it is from the Greek word asketes, monk or
hermit. A monk lives a lonely life , not for him the pleasures of the
fleshpots, the laughter and merriment of convivial gatherings , the
dissipation of high living. The practice is asceticism, the adjective ascetic.
Now can you recall a word we have discussed in this chapter that is built
on the indicated prefix, root, or suffix?
PREFIX, ROOT SUFFIX
. ego
MEANING
self
. alter
other
. intro
inside
. extro
outside
. verto
turn
. amb
both
. misein
hate
. anthropos
mankind
. gyne
woman
. asketes
monk
. centrum
center
. mania
madness
. dexter
right-hand
. sinister
left-hand
. gauche
left-hand
. droit
right-hand
. monos
one
. bi-
two
. polys
many
. andros
male
. -ist
EXAMPLE
. -y
practicecustometc.(noun suffix)
. -ous
. -ity
adjective suffix
quality conditionetc.(noun suffix)
Exercise:
I. Match words and meanings.
. ambidextrous
a. evil threatening
. dexterous
b. hating mankind
. sinister
c. skillful
. gauche
d. awkward
. misanthropic
. gynecology
b. hatred of women
. monogamy
. bigamy
. misogamy
. misogamy
b. skillcleverness.
. asceticism
. philanthropy
d. love of mankind.
. adroitness
e. hatred of marriage.
IV. Match the words each with its appropriate meaningful phrase:
. polygamist
. polyandrist
. anthropologist
. gynecologist
d. women's doctor.
. philanthropist
,. Based on your analysis of , above, translate the following sentences
into Arabic:
-He refused to indulge in personalities
-He is a man with personality.
I.. Provide four English synonyms of the word "personality"
I.. Use the verb form of the word personality in a sentence to reflect any
one of the following meanings.
. represent
. live as
. act out
. imitate
I.. What synonyms do you know of the word "altruistic"?.
I. In this chapter, you have studied a word that is similar in meaning to the
following synonyms...can you recall it ?
braggart, boaster, blowhard, windbag, trumpeter, swagger, gas con,
braggadocio, strutter, swashbuckler, rodomont, peacock, blusterer,
bragger. ---------------------I.. The following is a definition of a word you have studied in this chapter
... what is it?
"Excessively strict or rigid in devotions or mortifications"
,. Explain in English the difference in meaning between "egomaniac"
and "egocentric".
-
-
I.. What is the English word in this chapter that means: adroit, deft,
nimble?
I.. In your translation of the following Arabic structure. You've got to
use words from this list:
adroit
deft
nimble
dexterou
s
I.. There is a word in this chapter that is synonymous to "ascetic" and
"monk." It also means a recluse or any of various animals of solitary habits.
It means cookery, a spiced molasses cookie. Can you recall the word?
I.. In this chapter you acquainted yourself with a word that means:
. a place catering to indulgences and pleasure.
. the material comforts and sensual pleasures of high living.
. a vessel containing meat.
Can you recall it ?
I.. You have acquainted yourself with a word that's synonymous to the
following words. Recall the word.
Gaiety, laughter, mirth, hilarity
I.. The semantic property common among the following Arabic words
should remind you of a word you have learned in this chapter. What is the
word?
I.. The word that is the answer to question "I." should be used in
translating the following Arabic structure into English.
(! )
I.. Write some synonyms for the word "sinister".
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CHAPTER TWO
MEDICINE AND MEDICAL SPECIALISTS
In this chapter we discuss words related to medical specialists- what they
do, how they do it, and what they are called. The following words take on
a new color if you hear them in your own voice; they begin to belong to
you more personally, more intimately, than if you merely hear them or read
them.
. An internist: A physician who gives you a thorough physical
examination, using an impressive array of tests: X-ray, blood chemistry,
urinalysis, cardiogram, and so on.
. A gynecologist: This specialist treats the female productive and sexual
organs.
. An obstetrician: This specialist delivers babies and takes care of the
mother during and immediately after the period of her pregnancy.
. A pediatrician: This specialist limits his practice to youngsters, taking
care of babies directly after birth, supervising their diet and watching
over their growth and development.
. A dermatologist: This specialist treats all skin diseases such as:
infections, acne, eczema, impetigo, psoriasis, and cancer.
. An ophthalmologist: He is the physician whose specialty is (disorders
of vision, Myopia, astigmatism, cataracts, glaucoma, etc.) He may
prescribe glasses, administer drugs, or perform surgery.
. An orthopedist: deals with the skeletal structure of the body, treating
bone fractures, slipped disks, curvature of the spine, dislocation of the
hip, etc.
. A cardiologist: This specialist treats diseases of the heart and circulatory
system.
. A neurologist: This physician specializes in the treatment of disorders of
the nervous system.
. A psychiatrist: Are you neurotic? This specialist attempts to alleviate
mental and emotional disturbances by means of various techniques,
occasionally drugs of electroshock, more often private or group
psychotherapy.
Doctors
a. internist
. nervous system
b. gynecologist
. skin
c. obstetrician
d.pediatrician
. infants
e. dermatologist
f. ophthalmologist
. eyes
g. orthopedist
. heart
h. cardiologist
. pregnancy, childbirth
i. neurologist
.skeletal system
j. psychiatrist
. If you had trouble with your vision would you visit an orthopedist?
Y
. If you were nervous, tense, overly anxious, constantly fearful for no
apparent reasons, would a psychiatrist be the specialist to see?
III. Write the name of the specialist you might visit or be referred to:
. for a suspected brain disorder
REVIEW OF ETYMOLOGY
MATCH THE WORDS WITH THE PHRASES
. gynecology
a. principles of teaching
. obstetrics
. pediatrics
. pedagogy
. demagoguery
. dermatology
. taxidermy
a. elephant
. epidermis
b. eye doctor
. pachyderm
. dermatitis
. ophthalmologist
e. lens grinder
. optometrist
. optician
. principles of teaching
. thick-skinned animal
. skin inflammation
.one-lens eyeglass
REVIEW OF ETYMOLOGY
ROOT,SUFFIX
MEANING
ENGLISH WORD
. orthos
straight, correct
. paidos
child
. odontos
tooth
. Kardia
heart
. logos
science, study
. neuron
nerve
. algos
pain
. -osis
. -itis
inflammation
. -psyche
. iatreia
medical healing
. geras
old age
ADDITIONAL MATCHING
.orthopedics
a. nerve pain
.orthodontia
. neurolgia
c. straightening of teeth.
. neuritis
. geriatrics
.cardiogram
.cardiograph
g. mental unbalance
. neurosis
h. emotional disturbance
. psychosis
. psychiatry
. Nerve pain
. Mentally unbalanced
-
-
-
-
-
II .. "pregnancy" is a word used in this chapter to mean "the state, period,
or quality of being pregnant (carrying a fetus in the body)". But it also
means full or replete e.g. pregnant with significance, showing fertility, full
of consequence or significance; rich in imagination or wit. Basic to this
semantic analysis of the given word, how would you render the following
structures?.
. His speech was full of pregnant utterances.
. His essay was difficult to comprehend for it was pregnant
with ideas.
I I .. Explain in English the difference between:
curvature
rupture
- laceration
-
fracture
rapture
- concussion
II .. The words "alleviate" and "palliate" share the meaning: "to try to
conceal the significance of ---by excuses and apologies; or to make easier
to be endured or to be more tolerable. What Arabic equivalents can you
come up with in translating the following structures, mainly the underlined
words?
. The attorney at law tried to palliate the crime committed by his
defendant.
. His well chosen words alleviated the severity of the calamity.
II .. A list of synonyms of the two words "alleviate" and "palliate" are
given randomly. Rearrange them in a way to show which word belongs to
which:
palliate
to ease
levity
to lessen
relieve
make easier to be endured e.g. sorrow, pain, distress
mitigate
to try to conceal the significance of by excuses and apologies
abate
alleviate
-
- -
-
-
II . What are the Arabic equivalents for each of the following branches of
medicine:
-surgery -therapy -therapeutics -anesthesiology -internal medicine -oral
surgery
-general practice -experimental medicine -psychiatry -psychotherapy psychoanalysis
-ophthalmology -neurology -cardiology -dermatology -pathology endocrinology
-immunology
-laryngology
-urology
-diathermy
-hematology diagnostic
-
-
Now make sure the underlined words are translated either by " imbue" or
"engraft".
-
-
II.. The word inflammation is used in this chapter in the sense of "redness
and swelling of any part of the body; attended with heat and pain." Its
derived adjective "inflammatory" is used in the following sentence to
denote a semantic variety. Translate the following sentence and provide an
Arabic equivalent that reflects its intended meaning.
- The people considered the minister's speech inflammatory and
purposeful.
------------------------.
II. . The word "nerve" is used in this chapter with reference to "medical
anatomy whose function is to convey sensation and originate motion
through all parts of the body". Figure out its intended meaning in the
following English Structures - translate them into Arabic:
. In the battle he proved himself as a nerveless champion.
. The regime governed the country due to possessing such reliable
nerve centers.
. The scientist studied the biology of nervation.
. The extremely annoying and irritating stress on the job was a nervewracking.
CHAPTER THREE
LEXICONS ON SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
PROFESSIONAL FIELD
. Anthropologist
. Astronomer
. Geologist
. Biologist
d. celestial phenomena
. Botanist
e. language
. Zoologist
f. insect forms
. Entomologist
g. the earth
. Philologist
. Semanticist
i. animal life
. Sociologist
j. plant life
. E....................................
. Language
. P....................................
. Social conditions
. S....................................
. A....................................
. Meanings of words
. S....................................
. Plants
. B....................................
. The earth
. G....................................
. A....................................
. B....................................
. Animals
. Z....................................
REVIEW OF ETYMOLOGY
PREFIX, ROOT
MEANING
. anthropos
mankind
. Logos
science, study
. astron
star
. nautes
sailor
. naus
ship
. dis
. nomos
against
arrangement, law ,order
. autos
self
. metron
measurement
. ge(geo-)
earth
. graphein
to write
. bios
life
. opsis, optikos
. botane
plant
. zoion
animal
ENGLISH WORD
. astronomy
. astrology
. geology
. biology
e. science of plants
. geometry
. botany
. geography
. zoology
. autopsy
. biopsy
b. star-shaped flower
. biography
. autobiography
. zodiac
e. great misfortune
. astronaut
. cosmonaut
. aster
. disaster
. autonomy
j. self-rule
. metronome
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
.
.
.
.
.
. A
. M
. A
. C
. Great misfortune
. D
. G
. Self-governing
. A
. Z
. Z
. N
. Star-shaped symbol
. A
. B
REVIEW OF ETYMOLOGY
PREFIX, ROOT
MEANING
ENGLISH WORD
. en-
in
. tome
a cutting
. in-
in
. sectus
cut
. Kentron (centrum)
center
. a-
not, negative
. ana-
up
. dicha
in two
. epi-
on, upon
. Logos
word, speech
. Lingua
tongue
. Philein
to love
. Sophos
wise
. adelphos
brother
. biblion
book
. Anglus
English
. Socius
Companion
. anti-
against
. epitomize
. Philander
. Philter
. bibliophile
. Anglophile
f. to split in two
. asocial
. tome
h. book collector
. Philological
i. to summarize
.Sociological
. S
. S
. B
. P
. P
. E
. A
. A
. A
. T
. D
. D
. E
. E
. P
. E
. P
. A
. S
. A
a. read the chapter and recall the word.
b. provide some synonyms of the word "subtle".
III.. "_________", as a word inserted in this chapter it means: "impalbable
,
airy, ephemeral , immaterial, without substance, ethereal
incorporate". Recall the word and write it in the the this space
___________.
III.. The following are synonyms of a word you studied in this chapter.
Read the synonyms and write the word in the provided space.
slippery,evanescent,occult,imponderable,equivocal,obscure
"________________"
III.. Check your English Arabic dictionary and write down the meanings
given for each word in questions // and // above.
III.. A. Explain the difference in meaning between "insect", "instinct" and
"insert". B. Provide English synonyms for each one of them. C.
Translate the following sentences into Arabic special attention
should be given to the underlined words.
-The editor inserted an ad in the middle of the front page.
-The little girl has an instinct for music.
-I have just read a poem instinct with passion.
III. . The following are sentences written in Arabic whose equivalent
versions are given in this chapter ... either recall their equivalent
versions or provide translation of your own.
-
-
III.. "Click" is also a word inserted in this chapter. It is used in the
following structures in a way where selective Arabic equivalents are
needed. Provide complete translation of the following:
-when they came home last night, they claimed that the show clicked.
-children on the seashore were looking for click beetle.
III.. The following two Arabic structures should remind you of a lexicon
implied in chapter three. Recall the lexicon and provide complete
English translation of the following.
-
-
III. . Which one of the following words is closest in meaning to
"dissection"?: vivisection, operation, biopsy, dissemble.
III. . What is the difference in meaning between "dissection" and
"incision". Write all possible meanings that each one of them has.
III. . It can be supposed that in this chapter you have studied , the
translation versions of the following Arabic structures. Try either to
recall their translated versions or provide your own translations:
-
-
-
-
-
-
III.
The
word
"promiscuous"
means
"something
mingled
indiscriminately, forming part of a confused crowd or mass". aWhat are its adverb and noun forms?
b. How would you translate the following two structures
into Arabic:
. promiscuous friendship
. promiscuous sexual relations.
CHAPTER FOUR
LANGUAGE OF LIARS AND LYING
SPECIAL IMPLICATION
. notorious
. consummate
great skill
. incorrigible
. inveterate
. congenital
. chronic
. pathological
. unconscionable
. glib
great smoothness
. egregious
meanings
. notorious
. consummate
. incorrigible
. inveterate
. congenital
. unconscionable
. glib
a glib witness
.egregious
With the exception of consummate and congenital, all ten adjectives have
strongly derogatory implications and are generally used to describe people,
characteristics, or conditions we disapprove of.
MATCH EACH WORD WITH ITS
APPROPRIATE
DEFINITION:
. notorious
a. beyond reform
. consummate
. incorrigible
c. diseased
. inveterate
. congenital
e. suspiciously smooth
. chronic
. pathological
. unconscionable
h. unfavorably known
. glib
i. from birth
. egregious
attempting rehabilitation
. Does an inveterate smoker smoke only occasionally?
. E
. Starting at birth
. C
. C
. N
. Beyond correction
. I
. G
. I
. C
. U
. Diseased
. P
As a result of the test you are taking, you are becoming more and more
familiar with these ten valuable and expressive words. Now, as a further
check on your learning, write the word that best fits each blank.
. This person has gambled, day in and day out, for as long as anyone can
remember - gambling has become a deep-rooted habit.
. An ------------------------------ gambler
. Born with a clubfoot
. A ___________________ deformity
. Someone known the world over for criminal acts
. A __________________criminal
. An invading army kills, maims, and tortures without mercy
compunction, or regret.
. ____________________ acts of cruelty
.The suspect answered the detective's questions easily, fluently, almost
too smoothly.
. ____________________ responses
.
. Drunk almost all the time, again and again - periods of sobriety are few
and very, very far between.
. A ______________________ alcoholic
. Doctors find a persistent, dangerous infection in the bladder
. A ______________________condition
REVIEW OF ETYMOLOGY
PREFI, ROOT
MEANING
ENGLISH WORD
. notus
known
. summus
highest
. carrigo
. vetus
old
. senex
old
. genesis
birth, origin
. logos
science, study
. -in
negative prefix
. to consummate
. consummacy
c- beginning, origin
. incorrigibility
d- science of heredity
. inveteracy
. genetics
f- study of ancestry
. genealogy
. genital
. genesis
i- will fame
. hereditary
. gene
. G
. to complete
. C
. N
. G
. completion
. C
. inability to be reformed
. I
. G
. H
. beginning or origin
. G
. G
. C
. transmitted by heredity
. G
. I
. V
. G
Review of Etymology
Meaning
. chronos
time
. ana-, a-
negative prefix
. con-
with, together
. in-
negative prefix
. logos
science, study
. netron
measurement
. syn-,sym-
with, together
. ize
verb suffix
. pathos
. anti-
against
. en-,em-
in
. tele-
distance
English Word
. Chronicity
.anachronim
. incongruity
. chronology
.chronometer
. chronometry
.synchronization
g. measurement of time.
. pathology
. sympathy
. telepathy
MORE MATCHING
. Pathologist
. antipathy
. apathy
c. out of time
. empathy
. synchronize
. empathize
. anachronous
. incongruous
. Synchronous
i. out of place
. pathetic
. telepathic
. C
. I
. A
. I
. A
. C
. P
. A
. S
. P
. A
. C
. extrasensory perception
. one who examines tissue to diagnose disease
. identification with the feelings of another
. happening at the same time or rate(adj.)
. skillful at thought transference without sensory
. calendar of events in time sequence
. referring to the one assurance of time (adj.)
. T
. P
. E
. S
. T
. C
. C
REVIEW OF ETYMOLOGY
Prefix,root, suffix
Meaning
. grex, gregis
herd, flock
. e-, ex-
out
. -ness
noun suffix
. con-
with, together
English Word
. ad-, ag-
to, toward
. un-
negative prefix
. scio
to know
. sciens
knowing
. omnis
all
. pre-
before
. ne-
negative prefix
. se-
apart
. -ion
a. ignorance
. omniscience
. prescience
. nescience
. glibness
. egregiousness
f. infinite knowledge
. gregariousness
. congregation
h. lack of conscience
. segregation
. aggregate (n)
j. foreknowledge
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
first: recall the English word.
second: provide English equivalents of the Arabic lexicons above.
IV. . In your translation of the following structures, make sure the
underlined words are translated by the word "impervious"
-
-
-
IV. . The following are synonyms of a verb you've read in this
chapter - can you recall it?
- recline - slant - lie - tilt - lean - rest - loll - loaf - relax - sleep
IV. . Study the following synonyms and recall from chapter four a
synonym that shares in the semantic properties of the following
words.
- tingle - shiver - prickle - sting - itch - creep - grow excited
- get goose pimples all over - thrill - quiver - flutter - titillate
IV. . "Core" is one of the words you've read in this chapter. Write three
structures in Arabic where the equivalent of the word "core" is used
variably. Here is a clue:
-
-
-
IV. . If the word "vicious" is used with words such as:
- a vicious bill - vicious reasoning - a vicious headache - a vicious
circle
-
-
-
IV. . You have studied the word " inveterate" as it means : "Long
accustomed", or "deeply rooted'. What kind of Arabic equivalents
would you use in translating the following especially the underlined
words?
- He has an inveterate tendency for smoking a cigar first thing in the
morning.
- The US government insisted through inveterate demands that Lybia
should render its two accused citizens for trial.
- The inveterate smell in that surrounding forced them to evacuate
the house.
IV. . Provide as many secondary meanings as possible for each one of the
following words. Then write an essay on the semantic properties that
are common among them.
- twinge - pang - throb - twitch - shiver - tingle
IV. . How do the following words differ in meaning? Use each one of
them in a meaningful sentence.
- disparate - desperate - despair - disperse - disparage - disparity derogate
- slight - deprecatory - disdain - reproach - deprecate
IV. . Provide English equivalents of the following Arabic words:
IV. . In this chapter you have come across a word that means: "to
deprive of the use of a limb; to mutilate, cripple or disable; to render
defective.
Can you recall the word? ______________________.
IV. . You are provided with words listed randomly and they are
synonymous to the three underlined words below. List the synonyms under
each underlined word based on closeness in meaning.
WORDS
REMORSE
REGRET
bewail, mourn
rue, lament
repent, grief
bemoan, repine
weep, moan over
have qualms about
GUILT
compunction
contrition
self reproach
grief
culpability
fault
lapse
slip
offense
misstep
solecism
dereliction
peccability
delinquency
indiscretion
malfeasance
felonious conduct
IV.. a. Does the word "guiltless" ever stand for the Arabic equivalents
"? If so, use it in a meaningful English sentence of your "
own to reflect the meaning of the provided Arabic equivalents.
b. Use the word "remorseless" in an English sentence of your own to
.
" mean "
"? IV.. How many lexicons are there in English that mean: "
Use the lexicons in English sentences where their semantic properties
are sensed.
IV.. Fill in the spaces with words that can be inferred based on your
general comprehension of the following passage.
To -----------is to make a mistake through precipitance or mental
confusion. As a noun, _________ means a gross and stupid mistake.
Clue: The word that can be used in the above two spaces means the
following:
-
-
-
-
IV. . What are the two English words you've read in this chapter that
mean:
"The state of growing old; the infirmity of age; dotage".
antonyms
decent
IV.. Study the following definitions, and:
a. recall a synonymous word you have studied in this chapter that
epitomizes its meaning.
b. Think of a word that is similar in pronunciation to the word you
have provided as an answer to /a/ above( the word required can also
be used to mean:
"The basic unit of structure and function of all living things made up
of a small mass of protoplasm which contains a nucleus and
cytoplasmic material, surrounded by semipermeable membrane in
animals and a cell wall in plants."
c. There is another English word that is also close in pronunciation to
words in /a/ and /b/ above but ,of course, differ in spelling. This
required word means:
- The horizontal piece at the bottom of the door, window, or similar
opening.
- In geology, it also means a horizontal intrusion of igneous rock
between flat layers of other rock. What is the word?
__________________.
IV.. The word "pity" means: "the suffering of one person excited by the
distresses of another; commiseration, compassion, mercy, cause of
grief, a thing to be regretted ".
a. If "pity" means the above, what does the word "petty"
mean?
IV. . Explain in English the semantic properties of the word "attire"
IV. . The verb "derive" is usually followed by the preposition "from"; and
it means " to obtain from; to come from". Study the following
structures and translate them into Arabic:
CHAPTER FIVE
WORDS RELATED TO "TICKLING" AND
"FLATTERING"
Militate derives from "Militis" one of the forms of the Latin noun
meaning "soldier" or "fighting man". If something militates against you, it
fights against you i.e., works to your disadvantage. Thus, your timidity may
militate against your keeping your friends. Militate is always followed by
the preposition against and, like obviate, never takes a personal subject you don't militate against anyone, but some habit, action, tendency, etc.
The adjective militant comes from the same root. A militant reformer is one
who fights for reforms; a militant campaign is one waged aggressively and
with determination. The noun is militancy, and militant is also a noun for
the person example: "Sally is a militant in the women's liberation
movement".
BAD NEWS
Being built on Latin Malus which means bad, evil ,the verb to
malign is to speak evil about, to defame, to slander. Malign is also an
adjective meaning bad, harmful, evil, hateful, as in "the malign influence of
his unconscious will is to fail". Another adjective form is malignant as in
"a malignant glance" i.e., one showing deep hatred, or "a malignant
growth", i.e., one that is cancerous (bad). The noun of malignant is
malignancy which, medically, is a cancerous growth, or, generally, the
condition, state, or attitude of harmfulness, hatefulness, evil intent, etc. The
noun form of the adjective malign is malignity.
Other common words that you are familiar with also spring from
Latin Malus: malicious, malice, malady, and the same malus functions as a
prefix in words like maladjusted, malcontent, malpractice, malnutrition,
etc., all with connection of badness.
REVIEW OF ETYMOLOGY:
PREFIX,
ROOT,
MEANING
ENGLISH WORD
. -ory
adjective
adulatory
. Scribo, scriptus
to write
prescribe
. de-
down
describe
. Manus
hand
Manuscript
. sub-
under
Subscribe
. in-
in, into
inscribe
. post
after
postscript
. via
road
obvious
. tri -
three
trinity
. militis
soldier
militate
. malus
bad, evil
malign
. dico, dictus
to say, tell
malediction
. volo
to wish
malevolent
. facio (fec-,fic-,fy)
to do, make
malefactor
. -ence, -ancy
noun suffix
maleficence
. titillation means:
excessive flattery
. adulation means:
prohibition
. proscription means:
harmfulness, hatefulness
. malignity means:
a curse
. malediction means:
clumsiness
. maladroitness means:
prevention
. obviation means:
. malevolence means:
MATCH
B
a. militant
a. aggressive ; fighting
b. trivial
b. of no great consequence
c. malevolent
d. maledictory
e. maladroit
e. clumsy, awkward
f. adulatory
f. worshipful, adoring
g. malign
h. proscriptive
Make questions with the following words; the answer to each one of
your questions is supposed to be either Yes or No.
. Malignant ?
Yes
No.
. Trivialities ?
Yes
No.
. Trivia ?
Yes
No.
. Malignancy ?
Yes
No.
. Malediction ?
Yes
No.
. Maleficent ?
Yes
No.
. Maladroitness ?
Yes
No.
. Malefactor ?
Yes
No.
. Adulatory ?
Yes
No.
. Militancy ?
Yes
No.
Maladroit
malevolent
. Pleasurable stimulation
titillation
militant
proscription
adulation
malaise
. A criminal ; a wrongdoer.
malefactor
. A curse
malediction
malefaction
obviation
militancy
malign,malignant,maleficent
. Unimportant, insignificant.
trivial
trivialities/trivia
molediatory
. Worshipful.
adulatory
Benediction and malediction derive from dico, dictus - (to say), (to
tell). Dictate, dictation, dictatorial - words that signify telling others what
to do-are built on dico, as is predict, to tell before hand (pre-, before, as in
prescient); the brand name Dictaphone combines dico with phone (sound);
contradict, to say against, or to make an opposite statement (don't
contradict me!) combines dico with contra-, against, opposite; and
addiction, etymologically "a saying to or toward", or compulsion to say
"yes" to a habit, combines dico with ad-, to, toward.
Placate is built on the root plac -which derives from two related
Latin verbs meaning () to please and () appease, soothe, or pacify, the
noun is placation, the adjective either placative or placatory. A more
placatory attitude to those you have offended may help you regain their
friendship, implacable, im- is a respelling of in-, not, before the latter p.
One who can be soothed, whose hostility can be changed to friendliness, is
placable, implacable has taken on the added meaning of unyielding to
entreaty or pity; hence, harsh, relentless, as "the governor was implacable
in his refusal to grant clemency". The noun form of implacable is
implacability. Can you guess the noun derived from placable?
If you are placid, you are clam, easygoing, serene, undisturbedetymologically, you are pleased with things as they are. Waters of a lake or
sea, or the emotional atmosphere of a place, can also be placid. The noun
is placidity. If you are complacent, you are pleased with yourself (com-,
from con-, with, together); you may, in fact, such is one common
connotation of the word, be smug, too pleased with your position or
narrow accomplishments, too easily self-satisfied, and the hour of
reckoning may be closer than you realize. The noun is complacence or
complacency.
Review of Etymology
Meaning
. bonus, bene
good, well
. fides
faith
. dico, dictus
to say, tell
. pre-
before,beforehand
. phone
sound
. contra
against, opposite
. ad-
to, toward
. facio,factus,fec-,fic,fy
to make or do
. -ory
place where
. manus
hand
. volo
. plac-
to please, appease
. -ive
adjective suffix
. -ory
adjective suffix
. im- (in-)
. com- (con-)
with, together
. dono
to give
. benedictory
. benevolent
. bona fide
. dictatorial
. placatory
. implacable
g. self-satisfied ;
. placid
. complacent
. benefaction
. beneficiary
b. free will
. infidelity
d. faithfulness
. volition
e. self-satisfaction ; smugness
. placation
f. calmness
. fidelity
. condonation
. placidity
i. faithlessness
. complacency
Are the following opposite (O) or the same (S)? Tick either O or S.
. benign
hateful
kindly
. benediction
malediction
. benefactor
evildoer
. beneficiary
giver
. benevolent
well disposed
. bona fide
valid
. unfaithfulness
fidelity
. infidel
true believer
. dictatorial
submissive
. placative
unyielding
- implacable
unyielding
. benignant
- placid
calm
- complacent
discontented
- condonation
forgiveness
You are provided with the first letter of the word required,
Can you recall the word?
- tending to give orders
- calmness
- self-satisfaction; smugness
- unfaithfulness
- faithfulness
b. disparage
c. adulate
. to be purposely confusing :
a. equivocate
b. obviate
c. proscribe
b. militate
c. placate
. to slander :
a. malign
b. condone
c. placate
. lack of equality :
a. parity
b. disparity
c. ambiguity
. phrase that may have two interpretations, one of them indicate offcolor :
a. equivocation
b. ambiguity
c. double entendre
. hateful :
a. malignant
b. benignant
c. malaise
. ill will :
a. malaise
b. malevolence
c. maleficence
. kindly :
a. benevolent
b. placid
c. complacent
. inflexible hostile :
a. implacable
b. placatory
c. militant
b. dictatorial
c. adulatory
. self-satisfaction:
a. complacency
b. placation
c. placidity
ENGLISH WORDS
- par
parity
- aequus (equ -)
equivocal
- vox, vocis
vocal
- nox, noctis
nocturnal
- libra
equilibrist
- latus, lateris
equilateral
- equus
equine
- pedis
pedestrian
- paidos (ped-)
pedagogue
- fero
vociferous
- magnus
magnify
- scribo, scriptus
proscribe
- manus
manuscript
- post
postscript
- via
trivial
- militis
militate
- malus
malefactor
- dico, dictus
dictatorial
- volo
volition
- bonus
bona fide
- fides
fidelity
- phone
Dictaphone
- plac-
placate
- dono
donation
-
-
-
-
-
-
The above underlined words can be given the English equivalent "relate" .
Provide complete translation of the above statements using the word
"relate" as equivalent of the underlined words.
V.. Basic to your understanding of the first paragraph in this chapter, try
to come up with English sentences where the semantic properties of
the word "titillate" are variably reflected in each one of your
statements.
V.. Discuss in English the differences in the semantic properties of the
underlined words in the following statements:
- He flattered her on her cooking.
- That's a flattering photograph of George.
- What flatter s ourselves is that we can do without their help.
- Flattery will get you nowhere.
- He complimented her, but she gave him a cold shoulder.
- He got complimentary tickets for the concert.
- That was an excellent dinner, Pierr: my compliments to the chef!
- To win favor, he adulated him.
b- Translate the statements into English using the word you have
recalled.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- clear/visible
- apparent / transparent
- obvious/perceptible
- exposed/observable
- noticeable/conspicuous
- overt /glaring
- unmistakable /evident
- recognizable /discernible
- exoteric /discoverable
- accessible /manifest
V. . Are the following words related in meaning to the word "obviate"?
- preclude - forestall - block - hinder - prevent - restrain
V. . From the words listed in question V.. choose words that fit in the
places of the missing word
s below :
- Cramming at the end of the semester should be ------------------- A large steady income ------------------
fears of financial
insecurity.
- The fact that he had been in prison militated against his chances of
getting a job in a bank.
V. . Provide Arabic equivalents of each one of the following synonymous
words:
- to malign - to defame - to slander - to vilify - calumniate
- asperse
- decry - traduce - libel - detract - depreciate disparage
- revile - dishonor - sully - tarnish - besmirch belittle
- derogate - sneer at
V.. You have studied the word "malefactor" and have come to know that
it means: "a person who does harm or evil; a person who is an
evildoer or wrongdoer." Now, check your mental dictionary for
equivalents of the following Arabic listed words ; remember all the
words are synonymous, in one way or another, to the word
"malefactor".
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
V. . Recall some of the words you studied in this chapter to fit,
semantically, the places of missing words in the following statements:
- He is a terrible dancer; he is too ----------- and keeps hitting other
people.
- You shouldn't wear such -------------- shoes for they are difficult
to walk on.
-
-
-
-
V. . The English word "injurious" can be explained in three Arabic
" construct three Arabic statements in which lexicons: "
the above Arabic lexicons are used respectively. Then translate your
statements into English.
V. . The words: "overestimate, magnify, amplify exaggerate, intensify,
enlarge, overdo, hyperbolize, and misjudge" are synonymous.
b- provide (from the above list) a word that fits the missing word.
That new machine is very useful, but he is -----------------------when he calls it the greatest invention ever made!
V. . Sometimes a word general context helps in understanding the
meaning of a word you are not familiar with; but still a translator
finds it difficult to provide its precise equivalent in Arabic! As an
example, the primary meaning of the word "discomfort" is : "lack of
comfort ; or something that makes one uncomfortable." But in
translating the following statement, there has to be a need to come
)
up with an Arabic lexicon other than (
Look into your mental Arabic dictionary and provide precise lexicon
in Arabic for the underlined word. Then write your complete
translation.
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V. . The word " placate " has been used in this chapter to mean:"to
please; to appease; to soothe; and to pacify". How does it differ in
meaning from "palliate" and alleviate? Provide examples of your own
structure.
V. . Explain in English:
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(b) Can you come up with English words where each one means
either , , or . above?
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(c) again , provide examples.
V. . In this chapter you studied a word that is,relatively speaking,
synonymous to the following lexicons - study them and recall the
word then provide their equivalents in Arabic.
. Because he said things loudly and clearly with pauses and hand
movements simply to increase the effect of his speech, people
there were convinced he was ________.
. They ____________ him to the police as a criminal . In other
words they wrote and spoke badly against him.
. Most people are willing to express their disapproval of violence
- they _______ it.
. The manager of the company __________ one of his
employees about his obligations.
. Thinking of complaining and expressing a disapproval, he
__________ with him about his behavior.
. The government designed plans and exerted efforts to
____________ business.
. He made _____________ remarks that made everybody
believe that he intended to make the issues sound of little
value or importance.
. He ___________ his ex-wife and the judge told him that he
shouldn't have beated, punished and blamed her severely.
. Please stop _____________ about the way I dress - you have
been finding faults and complaining continuously and
unnecessarily about the way I dress !
Chapter Six
Persons and personalities
What kinds of people might you find yourself in conversation with? Here
are some ideas:
. Taciturn: People who neither like to talk nor to listen. They act as if
conversation is a bore, even a painful waste of time.
. Laconic: Using few words. Economical in the use of words almost to
the point of curtness.
. Inarticulate: people who undoubtedly have a lot that they want to say,
but the best they can do is spatter.
. Garrulous: habitually talking too much about unimportant things. The
adverb is "garrulously" , and the noun is "garrulity and
garrulousness".
. Banal:
in originality and
imagination and their talk shows it. Every thing they say is trite,
hackneyed, common place, humorless, their speech patterns are full
of clichs and their phraseology is without sparkle.
. Verbose: they talk and talk and talk, it is not so much quantity you
object to as the repetitiousness, they use far more words than
necessary.
. Voluble: they are rapid, fluent talkers, the words seeming to roll off
their tongues with such ease and lack of effort and sometimes with
copiousness.
The ventriloquist appears to talk from the belly (venter, ventris plus
loquor) rather than through the lips (or such was the strange perception of
the person who first was the word).
- clavicle
cuticular
- cuticle
vesicular
- vesicle
testicular.
- testicle
- eloquent
- magniloquence
- verbosity
- volubility
- garrulity
- magnum opus
- magnate
- revolution
- evolution
j- wordiness.
- cogency
- verbiage
- verbalize
- verbal
- verbatim
-revolutionary
- evolutionary
- grandiloquent
- eloquent
- magnanimous
Y N
Can you recall the words ? Mind the provided first letter of each word
required.
- gradually unfolding, or developing (adj.)
E ___________
R ___________
L______________
E______________
R______________
M_____________
M_____________
V______________
V______________
M_____________
V______________
V______________
M_____________
meaning
- venter,ventris
belly
- loquor
to speak
English word
- auris
ear
- avunculus
uncle
- dorsum
back
- vox,vocis
voice
- fero
to carry, bear
- somnus
sleep
- ous
adjective suffix
- in-
negative suffix
- ambulo
to walk
- ory
adjective suffix
- pre-
through
- pre
before, beforehand
- sopor
sleep
- fic -( facio)
to make or do
- ness
noun suffix
- -ity
noun suffix
- ion(-ation)
noun suffix
- -ent
adjective suffix
- -ence,-ency
noun suffix
a- unable to sleep------------------b- pertaining to sleep walking------------c- drowsy-----------------d- able to walk after being bedridden-------------e- verbal, vocal----------g- pertaining to one of the chambers of the heart -------------h- referring to the front or belly side -------------------
Can you work with the words ? Match the numbers each with its right
letter.
- ventricle, auricle
- endorsement
b- sleepwalking.
- vociferousness
- insomnia
- somnolence
- somnambulism
f- sleeping pill.
- perambulator
g- support, approval.
- preamble
- soporific
i- drowsiness.
- inarticulateness
- banality
k- loudness; clamorousness.
- vociferate
b- sleep walker
- insomniac
c- walk aimlessly
- somnolency
- somnambulist
- perambulate
f- drowsiness
- amble
- soporific
h- causing sleep
- nsomnious
- shout vehemently
- drowsy; sleepy
- sleepwalker
- walk aimlessly
- introduction; introductory
- incoherence
Chapter Review :
Underline the word that reflects the precise meaning of the following
expressions :
- Disinclined to conversation
a- loquacious
b- laconic
c- taciturn
- Trite :
a- inarticulate
b- banal
c- verbose
- Rapid and fluent :
a- voluble
b- verbose
c- garrulous
b- cogent
c- laconic
- Unspoken :
a- verbatim
b- eloquent
c- tacit
b- grandiloquent
c- colloquial
- Back :
a- dorsal
b- ventral
c- somniferous
- Sleep-inducing :
a- soporific
b- somnolent
c- ventral
b- ambulatory
c- insomnia
- Talkativeness :
a- reticence (cy)
b- ventriloquism
c- loquacity
b- colloquial
c- laconic
- Elegance in expressive :
a- magniloquence
b- grandiloquence
c- verbiage
- Wordiness :
a- laconism
b- cogency
d- verbosity
b- magnanimous
c- garrulous
b- revolutionary
c- ventricular
- To shout vehemently :
a- endorse
b- perambulate
c- vociferate
- Like an uncle :
a- ventricular
b- auricular
c- avuncular
- Drowsy :
a- somniferous
b- somnolent
c- soporific
- Sleepwalking :
a- insomnia
b- somnolency
c- somnambulism
- Introduction :
a- preamble
b- perambulator
c- evolution
meaning
- taceo
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- loquor
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- solus
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venter,ventris
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- magnus
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- grandis
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- verbum
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- volvo, volutus
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- garrio
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- animus
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- opus
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- opero
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- auris
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- avunculus
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- dorsum
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- vox, vocis
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- fero
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- ambulo
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(a) translate this sentence into Arabioc. In your translation mind the
semantic properties of the underlined words.
(b) Which of the following words are synonymous to the word "sputter"?
- impress
- stumble
- imprint
- hesitate
- conk out
- pause
- break down
- stutter
VI. . Along the semantic properties implied in the word "taciturn", there
are cases where some facial expressions indicate an angry
threatening expressions. These expression are listed below in Arabic
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b- There are verbs in English that can be used to translate each one of
the following statements. Recall them, but remember each
statement can be translated by a single verb in English.
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VI.. The word "vein", as you read it in this chapter, is used to mean a tube
that carries blood from any part of the body to the heart. But in the
following sentences the word "vein" is used to convey a meaning
that is completely different from the above definition !
a- Translate the following statements into Arabic and mind the
meaning of the underlined words :
- He spoke in a serious vein.
VI . . With reference to the word "uncle" you read in this chapter, the
following is a list of Arabic words that an Arab uses with reference to
his/her immediate relatives. Provide their equivalents in English.
VI. . When we say the "dorsal side" we mean the reverse side or the back
side. When you endorse a cheque you sign it on the back side; and
when you endorse a plan or an idea, you back it with an expressed
approval or support. There are words in English we use exclusively
with reference to the rear part
c- The words listed bellow are words used with reference to one
who plays behind the line in football games. Provide their
Arabic equivalents .
- line backer- full back - quarter back - tail back flanker back - kicker - passer - pass receive - wing back running back - slot back - blocking back -corner back safety man -free safety -ball carrier
List "A"
Arabic equivalent
- slyly
- shad
- astute
- evasive
- furtively
- stealthily
- meanly
- with downcast eyes
- on the quiet
- guileful
- intriguing
- unscrupulously
- conniving
- elusive
- delusive
- bluffing
- traitorous
- double-crossing
- in the dark
List B
English equivalent
e- Choose five words from each list above and use them in English
sentences of your own. (to be translated in the classroom).
VI .. In this chapter, you have studied the word "vociferous"that means
"noisy in the expression of one's feelings", e.g., vociferous demands
for higher wages. You are provided with a list of synonymous words
to "vociferous". In your translation of the Arabic statements below
,the underlined words should be given equivalents chosen from the
given list. Study the words and then translate the statements:
a - List of synonyms
( )
VI. . Along the semantic properties of the word "somnolence" there are
cases where a person find himself inactive or rather languid. These
cases are described in Arabic words listed below - provide their
equivalents in English.
) (
) (
VI. . The verb "amble" in this chapter, might have intellectually enticed
you to think of ways and manners people do when they walk? And to
make it easier on you, you are provided with a list of words in Arabic
indicative to the above action (s); provide their equivalents in English.
- The people outside the theater paced up and down, trying to keep
warm.
- The lion paced the floor of its cage.
- She knew how fast she was running, because her trainer
waspacing her on a bicycle.
- The police marched him off to prison.
- Every day he trod the same path to school.
- They crush the juice out of the fruit by treading it.
- To stay afloat he treaded water.
. He strolled the streets of the town.
- Let's take a saunter down to the lake.
- The lost child was wandering (around) the streets.
- Don't wander off the point.
- They rambled through the woods.
- He cruised for he was moving at a fairly high but steady speed.
statements
equivalents
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b- Make use of the list of statements above and translate into
Arabic the following statements - mind the meaning of the
underlined words.
- The butter we bought was rancid.
- What he had was small pieces of stale bread that he offered for
birds.
- He was thirsty but the water was fetid.
- There were noxious chemicals in the river-water.
- The hot weather tainted the meat.
- The animals defiled the water.
- Her beautiful face was blemished by a big red spot on her nose.
VI. . In this chapter you studied kinds of people you might find yourself
in conversation with. But do you know the English lexicons used in
describing the kinds of speech listed below in Arabic?
Arabic structures
English equivalents
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VI. . This exercise in contrast to the previous one, deals with writing
styles that are preferably used by certain individuals. First, here is a list
of words that you need to choose from when you translate the Arabic
statements listed below, and mainly the underlined words. Study the
list and translate the statements :
A- The list :
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List A.
- permissive
- indulgent
- Protective
- agreeable
- lenient
- soft-hearted
- favoring
- mild
- tender
- pampering
- clement
- gratifying
- sympathetic
- considerate
- solicitous
- obliging
- delicate
- benevolent
- complaisant
- sensitive
- assisting
- well-disposed
- mollifying
- philanthropic
- beneficent
List B
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