Shear strength of soils 395 enyelope will give us the angle of friction of the soil, As shown by Eq. (7.5), for these soils, sing = (453) or oi sega (45°49) +93) saituce 2 20 shows a modified form of Mohr’s failure envelope of pure clay s. Note that it is a plot of (0 — 0%)jaturo/2 versus (7; +0%)isiurel: For overconsolidated clays (Figure 7.196), ¢ # 0. So the shear strength follows the equation s=c-+a’ tand. The values of ¢ and ¢ can be deter- mined by measuring the intercept of the failure envelope on the shear stress axis and the slope of the failure envelope, respectively. To obtain a general relation between 0}, 0%, c, and g, we refer to Figure 7.21, from which a (o{ = o4)/2 sing =“ = 18s bO+0a ccoth +(o, +05)/2 0; (1 —sin &) = 2c cos 6 + 03(1 +sin d) (7.20) or , Ltsing | 2ecos p= pO 5 OO ST ind | Tsing o, =o} tan? (as I 5) + 2etan ( 5° 4+ 5) (7.21) 280 no = 3 140 i i] e a wo ae 8G SCSSC AO a4 «kNim*) Figure 7.20 Modified Mohr's failure envelope for quartz and clay minerals (after Olson, 1974).